Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2013-14
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15.00 00-20.00
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2
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Alzheimer.
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:
. (2007). :
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Parkin A. (2006). : .
.
:
Papanikolaou A. (2006). The Amnesias: A Clinical Textbook of Memory
Disorders. Oxford University Press.
Baddeley A., Kopelman, M. D., & Wilson, M. (1997). The Handbook of
Memory Disorders, (2nd Edition). John Wiley.
Campell R. & Conway, M. (1995.) Broken Memories: Case Studies in
Memory Impairment. Blackwell.
Schacter D. (2002). The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets
and Remembers. Houghton Mifflin
Alloway, T. & Gathercole S. (2006). Working Memory and
Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Psychology Press.
: ;
. ;
: ?;
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
,
.
/
,
.
(
) - .
.. (
).
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9
10
9
8
7
6
5
3
2
1
0
1
10
,
- -.
.
11
10
9
8
7
6
1
3
2
1
0
1
12
William James (1890) primary ()
secondary ()
Galton (1883) presence-chamber ()
ante-chamber () .
Joseph Jacobs (1887)
.
(WISC, WAIS)
13
14
;
Arthur Melton (1963) .
:
(
)
.
(Melton,
1963).
15
.
Brown-Peterson (Brown,1958;
Peterson and Peterson, 1959).
(Badddely,1966).
.
(NA, HM, Alzheimers
disease, Korsakoffs syndrome).
16
-
,
.
//
.
17
1. Brown-Peterson
(Peterson and Peterson, 1959).
18
2.
.
.
19
3.
.
20
4. .
.
.
21
4. .
22
7
My problem is that I have been persecuted by an integer.
For seven years this number has followed me around,
has intruded in my most private data, and has assaulted
me from the pages of our most public journals. This
number assumes a variety of disguises, being
sometimes a little larger and sometimes a little smaller
than usual, but never changing so much as to be
unrecognizable. The persistence with which this number
plagues me is far more than a random accident. There
is, to quote a famous senator, a design behind it, some
pattern governing its appearances. Either there really is
something unusual about the number or else I am
suffering from delusions of persecution.
George Miller' (1956)
23
5.
Milner (1966)- H.M.:
,
.
Shallice & Warrington (1970)-
K.F.: 2-3,
.
24
25
27
(Craik & Lockhart, 1972)
Craik and Lockhart (1972)-
(..
)
.
.
28
.
,
? ? Baddeley Hitch, 1970.
? =
(
,
, )
29
=
.. .
...
.
:
!
,
-
. ??
30
: 1-2
. 6
.>>
.
>>
31
?
(Brooks, 1968)
.
.
:
"The bird in the hand is not in the bush."
32
(Brooks, 1968)
.
1.
()
().
2.
()
() .
3.
.
33
(Brooks, 1968)
"No, yes,
no, no, yes,
no, no, no,
no yes."
"The bird in
the hand is
not in the
bush."
34
(Brooks, 1968)
.
35
(Brooks, 1968)
36
(Brooks, 1968)
F
37
(Brooks, 1968)
,
.
38
13.8
7.8
9.8
11.3
14.1
28.2
39
(Brooks, 1968)
(. Atkinson & Shiffrin
)
.
40
(Baddeley & Hitch, 1974)
41
/ .
()
() .
,
.
,
.
42
. ?
:
,
(Baddeley, Grant and Thomson, 1973).
.
43
1.
.37
3 -
Gathercole, &
Baddeley, 1990
2. /
.41
Jurden, 1995;
3.
.40-.45
6 -
Service, 1992
4.
.32-.62
3.5 -
Gathercole, &
Baddeley, 1990.
5.
.52
5-14
Gathercole, &
Pickering 2000.
6.
.31-.66
5-17
7.
.33
Adams &
Gathercole, 1996.
8.
.52
6-7
44
?
P.V. (Baddeley, 1988)
.
.
.
.
45
.
PV.
8
Items 6
Correct
4
Controls
PV
2
0
0
4
6
Trials
10
46
47
.. ( )
48
.
(..
,
) .
49
?
=.
= ( ? .
, ? ?).
= .
50
=
/ (Tulving, 1972).
=
/ (, ) (Tulving, 1989).
= ,
.
= , .
(Ebbinghaus, 1885).
51
( #
)
.. K.C.
(Tulving, 1972).
.
.
(
..
.
52
53
PET
- )
( ).
Tulving, 1989
54
55
( )?
Tulving (1972)
(
)
( ,
56
)
57
0.1
0.5
0.3
58
59
60
1279
1566
61
?
(1433 ms)
62
(S0).
(P0).
(S1).
(P1).
(S2).
. (P2).
0
1
2
63
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
0
1
Superset relations
2
Property verification
64
65
?
?
?
66
67
68
69
...
70
71
(Meyer &
Schvaneveldt, 1971),
Quillian & Loftus, 1975.
72
()
.
(.. /),
.
? !
73
74
:
_ME_ __
__
_ __
_ __
__ _
__ _
__ _
_ __
75
(Ebbinghaus).
(Bahrick, 1984).
?
.
(
?).
-<, >-.
76
Herman Ebbinghaus
77
.
1960:
#
78
1. :
( ).
(Milner,
1966).
2.
:
(Shallice &
Warrington, 1970).
79
Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968).
(, , )
(, , )
( )
80
(Baddeley & Hitch,
1974).
(Vallar & Papagno, 2002)
(Dealla Sala & Logie,)
SAS
81
Ebbinghaus (1885)
Galton (1883)
Bartlett (1932)
.
?
82
=
(
).
.
Rivermead
Doors and People
83
- -
.
.
1. () =
.
2. () =
.
84
1.
.
.
(, ).
( ).
(,
, )
85
1. ()
() .
.
(,
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.
86
# = ( # ??)
.
(= = ?)
? ( , ,
).
87
(#)
#
( )
88
(?) ..
(=
)
=>
)
=> =>
=>
.
(, ,
).
89
=>
=>
( ) #
( )
90
91
L.D. (McKenna &Warrington, 2000)
( )
92
-
L.P. De Renzi (1987)
(.. , )
93
/ :
1. ()
2. ()
3. (, Korsakoff)
=>
:
(, ).
94
1.
95
1.
S.S. (Cermak, 1976)
30
/
(IQ 130)
( )
96
2.
=>
( ).
.
-
(Levine & Grek,
1984).
.
.
97
2.
R.B (Zola, 1986)
(
).
( )
5 (Varga Khadem,
1997) (
)
# .
98
99
100
?????
101
102
104
105
.
(
.. ,
)
107
(Becheterew, 1900) :
<=
.
108
(
Korsakoff:
(
).
109
(
)
>>> ???
110
.
????
.
1.
2.
3.
111
1.
(
)
112
2.
113
3.
( )
!
114
#
1. :
,
(Parkin,1994)
2. :
,
.
()
115
( )
116
( > )
(Anggleton & Shaw,
1996)
#
(Squre
& Zola, 1998. Zola & Squire, 2000)
117
1.
2.
3.
.
118
( )
.
(=
) (.. ).
(/ )
California
Verbal Learning Test
119
,
(= ,
, )
:
Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT)
Neuropsychology Unit Oxford
Westmead Test Assesment
1.
2.
3.
120
/
1. Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT)
,
2. Neuropsychology Unit Oxford
3
3. Westmead Test Assesment
121
:
(, , )
..........
> >
(Stuss,
1999)
> GOAT >
122
:
23%
1.000 (Ryssell, 1971).
,
50%.
53%
7 .
79% 7
.
.
..
123
: (Levin
1988)
.
).
( ).
.
30
.
124
??
I.
California Verbal Learning Test
Auditory-Verbal Learning Teats
Selective Reminding Test
(=,
, ,
).
125
??
II.
( ).
#
(
)
126
??
III.
(=
)
(, , )
127
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IV. (, )
-
- (Wilson, 1997).
V. / ()
<<<
128
(/ / )
#
1.
2.
#
129
1.
=,
i.
ii.
Iii.
130
i.
23-47%
.
31% .
:
33%
26%
41%
3 .
131
i.
-
-
-
132
i.
???
78%
14%
8%
(Hopwood & Snell, 1993)
133
i.
.
.
. (, , )
.
.
134
ii.
=
. (,
, , ,
)
+
.
135
ii.
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136
iii.
.
..>>>.....???....>>>>>>......
.
137
2. -
= (
).
i. .
:
-
-
-
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)
138
2. -
ii.
( )
iii.
139
2. -
.
.
...> ..> ...>
...>
(
)
140
???
:
-
?? (
) ?????
( )
141
Alzheimer
Alzheimer-
.
.
, , ,
=>
.
142
Alzheimer
??
??
(x)>...>(x)
( )
()
143
144
Alzheimer
145
Alzheimer
()
( ).
??
.
146
Alzheimer
(
)
147
Alzheimer
,
.
=
??
??
148
Alzheimer
.
.
?
149
Alzheimer
(
)
.
150
151
Alzheimer
Alzheimer
.
152
(
)
1. 10 =>
#
=>
(Gescwind, 1974).
2. 10 (, )=>
(Ostergaard, 1987)
H
153
3. 9 (Varga-Khadem, 1992) (
) =>
H
4. 9 () (Wood, 1982).
(, )
?
?
154
5. ( Vargha-Khadem, 1997) ( )
6. (Vargha-Khadem, 1997) ()
7. (Baddeley, 2001) ()
Tulving:
#
Squire:
155
(Wood, 1982).
.
.
.
Raven
, ,
Doors and people
Benton
156
#
#
157
#
,
,
,
=>
(< )
+
158