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Hemishkumar Patel
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ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
Student of first year M.E (Construction Engineering & Management), B.V.M Engineering College, Vallabh
Vidyanagar-Gujarat-India
2
Assistant Professor and Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M. Engineering College,
Vallabh Vidyanagar-Gujarat-India
3
Associate Professor, Government Engineering College, Dahod - Gujarat-India
Abstract: This paper is an application of optimization method to the structural Analysis and
design of circular elevated water tanks, considering the total economy of the tank as an
objective function with the properties of the tank that are tank capacity, width and length of
tank in rectangular, water depth in circular, unit weight of water and tank floor slab
thickness, as design variables. A computer program has been developed to solve numerical
examples. The results shows that the tank capacity taken up the minimum economy of the
rectangular tank and taken down for circular tank. The tank floor slab thickness taken up the
minimum economy for tanks. The unit weight of water in tank taken up the minimum economy
of the circular tank and taken down for rectangular tank.
INTRODUCTION
Storage reservoirs and overhead tank are used to store water, liquid petroleum, petroleum
I.
products and similar liquids. The force analysis the reservoirs or tanks is about the same
irrespective of the chemical nature of the product. All tanks are designed as crack free
structures to eliminate any leakage. Water and petroleum and react with concrete and,
therefore, no special treatment to the surface is required. Industrial wastes can also be
collected and processed in concrete tanks with few exceptions. The petroleum product such
as petrol, diesel oil, etc. are likely to leak through the concrete walls, therefore such tanks
need special membranes to prevent leakage. Reservoirs below the ground level are normally
built to store large quantities of water wheres those of overhead type are built for direct
distribution by gravity flow and are usually of similar capacity.
29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
GENERAL
1. Location of the water tank (indoors, outdoors, above ground or underground) determines
colour and construction characteristics.
4. How is the water to be delivered to the point of use, into and out of the water tank i.e.
pumps, gravity or reservoir.
Based on the location of the tank in a building`s tanks can be classified into three categories.
Those are:
I.
II.
III.
Underground tanks
Tank resting on grounds
Overhead tanks or Elevated tanks
ELEVATED TANKS
Elevated tanks have many advantages. Elevated tanks do not require the continuous operation
of pumps. Short term pump shutdown does not affect water pressure in the distribution
system since the pressure is maintained by gravity. And strategic location of the tank can
equalize water pressures in the distribution system. However, precise water pressure can be
difficult to manage in some elevated tanks.
The pressure of the water flowing out of an elevated tank depends on the depth of the water
in the tank. A nearly empty tank probably will not provide enough pressure while a
29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
completely full tank may provide too much pressure. The optimal pressure is achieved at
only one depth.
The optimal depth of water for the purpose of producing pressure is even more specific for
standpipes than for tanks elevated on legs. The length of the standpipe causes continual and
highly unequal pressures on the distribution system. In addition, a significant quantity of the
water in a standpipe is required to produce the necessary water pressure.
1. CIRCULAR TANK
The simplest form of water tank is circular tank for the same amount of storage the circular
tank requires lesser amount of material. More over for its circular shape it has no corner and
can be made water tight easily. It is very economical for smaller storage of water up to 200
lac liter sand with diameter in the range of 5 to 8 m. The depth of the storage is between 3 to
4 m. The side walls are designed for hoop tension and bending moments.
General diagram of Circular water tank is shown below.
29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
SOFTWARE CAPABILITY
SOFTEARE SAP2000 v14
The software used for the analysis in present study is SAP 2000 v14.0.0 Advanced. It is
product of Computer and Structures; Berkeley, USA. SAP 2000 is used for analyzing general
structures, buildings, dam, soil etc. fully integrated program that allows model creation,
modification, execution of analysis, and design optimization and result review from within a
single interface. SAP 2000 is a standalone finite element based structural program for the
analysis and design of civil structures. It offers an intuitive, yet powerful user interface with
many tools to aid in quick and accurate construction of models, along with sophisticated
technique needed to do most complex projects.
SAP 2000 is objects based, meaning that the models are created with members that represent
physical reality. Results for analysis and design are reported for the overall object, providing
information that is both easier to interpret and consistent with physical nature.
29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
DATA ANALYSIS
COMPARISON OF HOOP TENSION FOR RECTANGULAR AND
CIRCULAR WATER TANK
HOOP TENSION (kN/m)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
50000
60000
75000
90000
100000
RETANGULAR TANK
33
70
80
90
110
CIRCULAR TANK
42
58.5
65
77
100
Figure 2: Comparison of hoop tension for rectangular and circular water tank
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
50000
60000
75000
90000
100000
87.73
98.384
123.26
147.89
164.37
61.51
150
187.5
225
250
CAPACITY (LITER)
Figure 3: Comparison of axial force in column for circular and rectangular water tank
29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
CIRCULAR
RECTANGULAR
50000
60000
75000
90000
100000
502.391
590.304
739.588
887.357
986.231
512
600
750
900
1000
CAPACITY (LITER)
600
400
200
0
50000
60000
75000
90000
100000
788.935
939.329
1017.604
1126.422
1143.711
828.47
889.48
1056.5
1136.46
1155.53
Capacity (liter)
29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
CONCLUSIONS
Total water load in Rectangular tank is slightly higher than water load in circular tank
A hoop tension force for Circular tank is lower compare to Rectangular tank for higher
capacity.
An axial force in column due to total water load in Circular tank is lower compare to
Rectangular tank for higher capacity.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh