Professional Documents
Culture Documents
influencing
health and
human
development
It is often a
combination of these
factors that impact
on health and human
development
Influence of income
Gross National Income (GNI) relates to the amount of income
generated in a given year after expenses owing to other
countries have been paid. It is a reflection of the wealth of a
country and indicates how much money is available to spend on
services and infrastructure.
In developing countries it is common for a few people to have
control of most of the wealth.
Poverty
Absolute poverty or extreme poverty
Those living on less than a certain amount per day (often US$ 1.25
a day).
Relative poverty
Those living on less than 50% of their countrys average income.
Summarise Income in your workbooks
Activity/Homework
Case study Furry over honour killings page 330- 331
Test your knowledge on page 331
Complete Edrolo Introducing Global Heal and Human
Development- Key knowledge 4A
Government health
expenditure per capita, 2012
Activities
http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obstetric_fistula/facts/en/in
dex6.
html
Complete case study The Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital on
page 322-323.
Complete test your knowledge questions on page 323.
Influence of education
Education affects health and human development in a number of
ways. Education promotes literacy, which can lead to higher
socioeconomic status, including stable employment and income.
This in turn improves access to essentials such as food, shelter
and health care. Educated people are more likely to have an
understanding of health promotion messages and take notice of
them.
Influence of education
Globally, an estimated 61 million primary school age children and a
further 71 million lower secondary school age children were not
enrolled in school in 2013. More than half of these were females
and most were in developing countries. Vulnerable groups are the
most likely to lack access to education, including children living in
poverty, those from rural and remote areas, AIDS orphans, those
from indigenous communities, and children who are disabled or
sick.
In developing countries, many governments do not have the funds
available to provide education for their people.
Influence of physical
environment
Physical environment includes
- access to water and sanitation
- housing
- physical infrastructure
- climate and climate change
http://
www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/infographics/In
fographic_AAAS_Air-pollution_2016.pdf
As a class read through the rest of 8.6
Then complete test your knowledge questions on page 329
Tobacco
In recent decades, many tobacco manufacturers have
been targeting developing countries in an attempt to
make up lost revenue experienced in developed
countries. The laws, taxes, regulations and public
awareness campaigns that operate in many developed
countries such as Australia are often non-existent in
developing countries.
According to the WHO, tobacco use is growing fastest in
low-income developing countries. It has been estimated
that more than 80 per cent of the worlds tobacco-related
deaths will be in low- and middle-income countries by
2030
http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2016/02/marlb
oro-boys-indonesia-kids-smoking-cigarettes-photos
Alcohol
Global alcohol consumption has increased in recent
decades, with most or all of this increase occurring in
developing countries.
Developing countries experiencing an increase in
alcohol consumption are often those that have no
cultural relationship with alcohol consumption and lack
the resources to educate the population about alcohol,
control alcohol consumption and care for those
suffering the negative effects associated with
excessive drinking, such as liver disease,
cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Processed foods
Companies producing processed foods have been marketing their
products in developing countries for years. As a result, many
people in developing countries have neglected their traditional
diets, which are often low in fat, for westernised foods. These are
often high in fat, salt and/or sugar and contribute to a more
energy-dense diet.
Activities
Complete test your knowledge questions 1a, 2-6
Complete global marketing activity
Complete chapter tests 1 and 2
Complete exam preparation questions on pages 355- 358