1.

2 Issues of Ethical Dilemma

1.2.1 Ethical Dilemma in Nursing
One of the issues which related to this topic is ethical dilemma in nursing. Nursing
defined as the protection, promotion, optimization of well-being and abilities, avoidance from
illness and injury, go through diagnosis and treatment of human response to alleviate from
being suffer and assist in caring an individual, the families, the communities and the
populations (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2010). Rational science and decision
making can affect an ethical nursing care. As an ethical nurse, the particular person will assist
the patient in reaching or maintaining the patients wellbeing in highest level by providing
individualized care which is suitable, good and rational way. To the nurses, ethical dilemma
happens in a daily basis besides considering as a problem which not having a satisfied
decision. Different person approaches in a same situation may have different point of view.
Similarly, a nurses decision making is very challenging and might cause ethical dilemma
however his or her decision making might be for own good of the patient and himself or
herself. Having said that, a nurse will always find himself or herself in a questionnaire
situation, from the sense of morals, values, and ethics (Lindsey, n.d.). For example, telling the
truth or being dishonest, especially when the patient wants to know own condition from the
nurse, but the family members of patients trying to hide the truth of his or her health and
medical condition to prevent the patient has emotional distress even if the patient has the
rights to know owns condition.
1.2.2 Bribery
Bribery is the act of giving money and other forms of recompense to a recipient in the hope
of influence or benefit (Nadler & Schulman, 2006). Black's Law Dictionary defined as the
offering, giving or receiving of any item of value to influence the actions of a person in

charge of a public or legal duty. Normally, bribery happen because the decision maker wants
to guarantee the end results and get some special treatment from the authorities. Businesses
and societal faced with a difficult situation in determine bribery, due to the acceptance of
bribery vary in different countrys cultures (Budrina, 2012). For example, giving any sort of
bribe is illegal and unethical in the United States and the UK. While some of the country
viewed bribes as a way for companies to continue sustain and facilitate their businesses.Such
as the practice of guanxi or interpersonal relationships in China that concern on building
connections and relationships based on gifts, money and other forms of value itemtoward
continued exchange of favors in business (Hope, 2014).
1.3 Importance of the Issues to Society or Organization
1.3.1 Ethical Dilemma in Nursing
According to World Health Organisation (2000), nursing plays a role in society as
helping individuals, families and groups to figure out and accomplish their physical, mental
and social potential. Besides direct patient care, nurse also act as an effectual member of
health care team and teach patients, clients and health care personnel. A nurse has to give his
or her patients their relevant health and treatment condition. Confidence that a nurse has in
expressing their views, trust from patients can be maintain easily likewise they trust the
doctors (Wilson, 1984). In addition, they have to provide and mange direct practical nursing.
Nurses comprehend the complexities and implications of a disease, therefore they also
provide helpful and priceless emotional support. Ethics in nursing are important since it
involves a set of actions and decisions and decide how to proceed the job task with
responsibility, authority and trsut.
1.3.2 Bribery

First of the benefits is bribery able to consociate different political, ethnic, religious, and
economic groups, regardless to their differences (kinibigdeal, 2015). People with different
opinions and different backgrounds will join together and advocate their relationships in
order to conserve their economic advantages (Shwany, 2012). Hence, most of the developing
countries will use bribery as the method to solve problems, no matter in business industry or
regional conflict.
In business perspective, bribery leads to other benefits also. It could motivate investment and
provides opportunities to foreign investors to come into the industry or country, by
acquisition, merging, and joint venture (Roberts, 2012). It may also helps the foreigners to
save a large amount of money to launch into the market (Roberts, 2012). Besides, bribery
allows people get what they have paid for in a very short time, such as getting a business
license in a shorter period in order to invest in other country (Vaknin, n.d.).
The next benefit is people can resolve employment and workforce problems due to the
nepotism (kinibigdeal, 2015). Nepotism can be known as the practice that carried out by
powerful person, to provide or secure a job for relatives, regardless experiences, knowledge,
and skills (Hamlett, n.d.). By having nepotism, companies can employ the workforce who can
be trusted, and also ease the way to solve problem in the working environment (Riggio,
2012). Besides, it also can reduce the unemployment rate in the country, by promoting the
unemployed relatives to certain companies (Shwany, 2012).
However, nepotism also leads to limitations toward the particular companies. Based on the
research, it will influence the capability of the companies to recruit and retain high capable
employees (Entwistle, n.d.). According to Riggio (2012), the job opportunity should gives to
the right person with the right skill, and he/she is qualified for the job. Moreover, nepotism
also increase workplace tension and can create liabilities for companies (Benjamin, n.d.).

Furthermore, bribery will brings to other negative effect toward the particular country, such
as lacks of health care, education, school, infrastructure, social protection, and regulation
(Shwany, 2012). It may due to the economic development of the country has been negatively
affected, and facing the shortage of budgets (Shah, 2011; Shwany, 2012). Hence, government
is incompetent to provide standard education in rural areas; and also other infrastructures, for
instance electricity, water supply, railways, highways, and so on. These unsatisfied situations
will disappoint people and lead to the lost of trust and hope of them, toward government
(Shwany, 2012).
The worst effect of bribery will be the judiciary is corrupted. A harmony, justice, and
patriotism society is built at the base of Law and justice; however some of the developing
countries have misused the Law to justify the unethical and illegal behavior (Shwany, 2012).
For instance, some of the countries have the direct relationship with the drug trailer, and carry
out illegal activities without considering their moral responsibilities.

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http://elearning.loyno.edu/masters-nursing-degree-online/resource/ethical-issues-in-