Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DESCRIBE
IMPORTANCE TO THE INDIAN CONTEXT?
ABOUT
ITS
NATURE,
SCOPE
AND
rural social organisaation. Rural Social organisation covers the spiritual lives, religious
activities sacred relationship and divine notion of rebirth, Karmaphala etc.
RURAL SOCIAL INSTITUTION:
Rural social institutions as we mean, is recognised forms of procedure governing the
relations between the rural people. Rural sociology, thus, studies the structure,
characteristics and functions of rural social institutions. Rural social institutions include
family, marriage, kinship, religion, caste and Rural Sociology studies the sociological
importance of these institutions in the rural context.
RURAL ECONOMY:
Rural economy is basically known as agricultural economy. Agriculture is the backbone of
rural economic life. Rural people directly depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Rural
Sociology therefore studies the factors responsible for the failure of agriculture and suggests
various measures for the improvement of agriculture in rural areas.
RURAL RELIGION:
Religion plays a predominant role in the rural society, considered as the soul of rural people
and it is regarded as the chief quintessence of rural life. The rural people blindly follow the
religious ideas and values; consider worshipping as a prime duty. Rural Sociology, in this
context, and studies the concept and social importance of rural religion and its impact on
rural society.
RURAL CULTURE:
Rural culture is strictly conservative and it is very static in nature. It includes old customs,
tradition, folkways, mores, norms, values and so on. Rural Sociology studies the
complexities of rural culture, its different structural organisations, cultural patterns, cultural
traits and cultural lag in the rural contexts.
RURAL SOCIAL PROBLEMS:
Rural Society is a hell of social evils. Its major problems are poverty, unemployment,
population growth, illiteracy, casteism, untouchabitlity and so on. Rural Sociology, therefore,
studies the causes and evil effects of these problems and also suggests measures for their
eradication for the greater interests of the country at large.
RURAL SOCIAL CONTROL:
Social control as we mean, is the control of society over individual. In Rural Society, social
control is in formal and rigid in nature. Rural Sociology significantly studies the informal
means and agencies such as religions, customs, folkways, mores, norms etc, of social
control. In Rural Society, the important primary groups like family and neighborhood play a
vital role in social control.
What are the factors responsible for the growth of Village Community?
Agriculture Insurance can give them this sense of security. In the village there are many
activities which depend upon cooperation of the whole community. Such activities, for
example, are public health and sanitation peace and order, proper use of public amenities,
education and recreation, etc. But, intelligence is also required. Lacking intelligence they
cannot raise the agricultural output nor profit by the scientific discoveries.
Give a detailed description on different types of Villages?
(within 500 words)
Rural sociologists are not unanimous on any generally agreed-upon classification of rural
community. However, some of the important criteria have been put forth to classify village
communities.According to one criterion, villages have been divided into three categories.
They are
permanent
permanent agricultural villages. Migratory agricultural villages refer to the villages where the
people live in fixed abodes only for few months.
Semi-permanent agricultural villages are characterized by the people living in a village only
for few months. So far as permanent agricultural villages are concerned, the people live for
generations.
According to another criterion, villages have been classified into six groups. They are
isolated farmstead, villages, line villages, circular pattern, market centre settlements and
hamlets. So far as isolated farmstead is concerned, the individual lives on his farm with his
farmland surrounding him. Village as a pattern of settlement signifies concentration of the
ruralites together with their farmland.
In case of line villages residences are close and easily accessible to one another and at the
same time are located on their respective farms. Coming to circular pattern, we find that
village houses are arranged in a circle enclosing a central area with the houses and yard at
the apex of triangular plot.
It is otherwise known as grouped village. In this type of village homes of farmers and
artisans are clustered together whereas the land cultivated by them is located outside the
village at varying distances. Their livestock are often housed along with them or nearby.
2. The linear village:
In linear type of settlement the houses are built on parallel rows. There is very little or no
physical
demarcation
to
show
where
one
village
ends
and
where
another
begins. Small streams or mountains separate one village from the other and serve as
natural boundaries.
Each house is surrounded by a small garden of cocoanuts, plantains, and cashew nuts. The
rice fields are at a little distance from the house. This pattern unites the social advantages
of residential closeness and economic advantages of living on ones land. Such villages are
found in Kerala, in the delta land of Bengal.
3. Dispersed village:
The village in which the dwelling places of the village lay scattered or diffused is called a
dispersed village. This type of village is found in hill areas, as in the Himalayan foothills, in
the highlands of Gujarat etc. These villages have no definite shape or structure and no
village streets. There are only footpaths connecting one cluster with another. Families living
on their farms retain all the livestock and other possessions in the farm.
Mixed village is the mixture of nucleated and dispersed pattern of settlement. In this type of
village settlement there is a larger compact settlement of houses which is surrounded by a
few small hamlets at a distance. Such villages can be seen both in plain as well as hill areas.
This was Indias system of social hierarchy. At its root, it was a system referred to in Hindu
scriptures that aimed to classify people based on their nature, aptitude and conduct, and
put them to work in functions that suited their classification. Later interpretations resulted in
a hereditary and hierarchical structure that was the basis for centuries of segregation and
discrimination in traditional communities. It sharply limited socio-economic mobility.
Changes in the law since independence have removed many vestiges of caste-based
discrimination.
However, it persists in many traditional villages and communities. Caste also forms the basis
for a range of quotas and affirmative-action policies enacted by the Indian government
aimed at erasing the legacy of discrimination in higher education and government
employment.
Jajmani system
The village in which the dwelling places of the village lay scattered or diffused is called a
dispersed village. This type of village is found in hill areas, as in the Himalayan foothills, in
the highlands of Gujarat etc. These villages have no definite shape or structure and no
village streets. There are only footpaths connecting one cluster with another. Families living
on their farms retain all the livestock and other possessions in the farm.