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2Our
cases reflect that, although the standard of proof differs, see Rich, 184
Ariz. at 181, 907 P.2d at 1384 (requiring in a criminal case that the state
prove an ex parte communication harmless beyond a reasonable doubt), the
same analysis applies to both civil and criminal cases. Id. (citing Perkins,
172 Ariz. at 118, 834 P.2d at 1263); Perez, 187 Ariz. at 360, 929 P.2d at 1308
(citing Rich, 184 Ariz. at 180, 907 P.2d at 1383).
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