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MAIN PURPOSE
The purpose of this project is to design the Water Distribution Scheme for a society
which includes the Diameter of pipes, Lengths of Pipes, Pressure in pipes, Turbine Motor,
Storage Tank and Strainer length.
EXPLANATION:
We are provided with a map of a society, in which Pipes are to be laid by using
EPANET software. It is a modren society containing flats, appartments, plots, scool and parks
along with the treatment and disposal sites, situated near the bank of Jehlum canal. Knowing the
importance of the water in the life, and its wide use in the human societies, during the
preparation of this report, I have collected the data from the class notes provided, design data,
and from the internet. I also discussed some confusing points with my class fellow in order to get
the
better
idea
about
the
design
procedure.
This report gives a detailed description about how to establish a water distribution system for a
community. I am Thankful to Allah Almighty for giving me the wisdom and knowledge to
complete the water supply scheme assigned by the teacher. I have successfully carried out the
design of water supply system of the residential housing society. I am confident that my design
will successfully run throughout the design period of the water supply system. I have taken all
precautionary measures to make sure that there is no major problem in my system and it will
smoothly
run
throughout
its
useful
life.
Output is attached with this report showing all the necessary data required for designing process.
All the pressures are greater than 14m. The Project designed shows that it is an economical
project as all the diameters of the pipes are 80mm only a few pipes are of 200mm diameter
which
are
located
near
the
Overhead
reservoir.
So this economical project of Water Distribution Scheme is successfully completed and all the
results are attached at the end of the report.
Water
Water is a chemical substance that is composed of hydrogen and oxygen and is vital for all
known forms of life.
That
it
be
colorless
and
clear.
3. That
it
be
good-tasting,
free
from
odors
and
preferably
cool.
4.
That
it
be
non-corrosive.
5. That it be free from objectionable gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, and objectionable staining
minerals,
such
as
iron
and
manganese.
6. That it be plentiful and low in cost.
WATER CONSUMPTION
It is the amount of water consumed by a community in one day. Water consumption is expressed
as Literes/Capita/Day i.e lpcd
1.5
:
2.25
1.5
Climate
Standard of living
Extent of sewerage
Quality of water
Size of city
Pipes are mainly differentiated on the basis of their material of construction. Different types of
water supply pipes are available in the market. While selecting a particular type of pipe,
following points must be considered.
Carrying Capacity
Durability
Purchasing Cost
Maintenance Cost
Following are some major types of pipes commonly used in water supply system
PVC Pipes
All the above described pipes have their own merits and demerits. A brief Review of the pipes is
given below.
Ductile Pipes
Ductile iron is produced by adding a controlled amount of Mg in its molten iron of low
Sulphur and Phosphorus content.
Asbestos cement pipe was widely installed in water distribution system in early ages. They are
available generally in 100mm-600mm diameter. It was used for a long time as non corrosive and
economical alternative to cast iron. When it was found that a fatal lung disease often resulted
from breathing airborne asbestos fibers, severe restrictions were mandated for working with
asbestos. Although asbestos cement pipe rarely is installed today, thousands of miles of it remain
in water
systems throughout the country.
It was used for a long time as non corrosive and economical alternative to cast iron
Steel Pipes
Steel is used for water mains because of its high tensile strength , it is particularly advantageous
where the distribution system may be subjected to impact pressures from railroad tracks ,
highways , industrial machinery and such or in areas where the danger of earthquake is great.
Gasoline from soil can pass into pipe. Not available in larger size.
Only available up to 350mm diameter and mainly used for domestic purposes
Design Period
It is the number of years in future for which the proposed facility would meet the demand of the
community. Selection of an appropriate design period for a particular facility / component of
water supply system is very important and dependent upon following factors.
Ease of extension
First cost
Economy of scale
Lead time
Keeping in view these points the design period of our water supply system is
For reservoir, the design period is 25-50 years (in our design it for 20years).
For tube well, design period is 5-years (easy to install).
POPULATION FORECAST
Persons/plot
Persons/apartment
Persons/flat
Present (2009)
7
400
200
Design (2029)
10
600
400
POPULATION FORECASTING
Present Population Pp= 1) 2817+4003+2003 = 3767
Present Population Pp= 2) 28110+6003+4003 = 5810
Annual Growth Rate = 2.1% (For Pakistan, 2008 report)
Design Population Pd
1) Pd = Pp x (1+2/100)20
Pd = 3767x(1+2/100)20 = 5598
Per capita water consumption = 344 lpcd
Average Design flow = 5810 x 344
= 1998640 Lit/day = 23.13 Lit/Sec
NODAL DISTRIBUTION
NODAL DEMAND
Plots
Flats
Appartnments
Avg
Avg
Peak
Node
Total
Demand Demand demand
No
No Pop No Pop No
Pop
Population
(L/Day) (L/Sec) (L/Sec)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
16
15
12
5
13
16
12
20
1
8
1
12
12
160
160
160
150
120
50
130
160
120
200
10
80
10
120
120
0
0.2
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
280
240
280
320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
240
0
0
0
0
0
0
240
0
0
160
240
440
390
400
610
130
160
120
200
10
80
250
120
120
55040
82560
151360
134160
137600
209840
44720
55040
41280
68800
3440
27520
86000
41280
41280
0.64
0.96
1.75
1.55
1.59
2.43
0.52
0.64
0.48
0.8
0.04
0.32
1
0.48
0.48
1.44
2.16
3.9375
3.4875
3.5775
5.4675
1.17
1.44
1.08
1.8
0.09
0.72
2.25
1.08
1.08
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
17
10
4
15
12
2
6
21
17
170
100
40
150
120
20
60
210
170
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
0
0.55
0
0.6
0
0.45
0
0
360
0
330
0
360
0
270
170
100
400
150
450
20
420
210
440
58480
34400
137600
51600
154800
6880
144480
72240
151360
0.68
0.4
1.59
0.6
1.79
0.08
1.67
0.84
1.75
1.53
0.9
3.5775
1.35
4.0275
0.18
3.7575
1.89
3.9375
TUBEWELL DESIGN
Design Head = Depth of water + draw down of water table +losses in pumping chamber +losses
in pipe from tube well to O.H.R + difference in elevation between T/W & O.H.R + Height of
O.H.R
So H = 30`+30`+10`+hl+20m+20m
Now to make units consistent we have to convert all dimensions in meters.
But first we have to find Head Loss in the pipe.
Hl= (4.f.l.v^2)/(2.g.d)
Here f = 0.0046 and length = 87.3m , velocity is usually from 5ft/sec so convert it in meter we
get 1.524m/sec
Hl = (4*0.0046*87.3*(1.524^2))/(2*9.81*d)
Now we dont have the value of d . We will get d from Q=A.V
Here Q = Max flow = Avg x 1.5
Q= 23.1liter/sec = 0.0231m3/sec x 1.5 = 0.03465m3/sec
0.03465m3/sec = 2 x 1.524m/sec
From here we get d = 170mm now the diameters available in the market are in the following
sequence
80 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm, 1000 mm
So we round our diameter to 200mm and thus the velocity will also change to v = 1.103m/sec
DESIGN OF STRAINER/WALLSCREEN
Q = A.V
Q = Max flow = 0.03465
V = 0.02 0.06 m/sec ..let us take v = 0.04m/sec
0.03465 = . d. L x 0.04m/sec
Diameter of strainer is usually 10
So, the Length of Strainer comes out to be 9m
COMMENTS
The Design of Water Distribution Scheme has been completed successfully and some of the values have been taken
from the literature While other have been taken from WASA (Water and Sanitation Authority).
The Maximum diameter pipes have been provided at the Tank as there will be more pressure.
The design is economical also as the diameters of the pipes are those which are minimum in the market (80mm).
The condition of Pressure greater then 14m is also satisfied as all the pressures are greater then 14m.
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