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TEMA:
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
AUTOR:
OCHOA ANDRES
DOCENTE TUTOR:
JAIME ACURIO
LATACUNGA-ECUADOR
d 2 m 3 dm
dm
+t
+mt
=mt
2
dt
dt
dt
1.
GRADO=PRIMERO
GRADO=PRIMERO
ORDEN:SEGUNDO
ORDEN:TERCERO
TIPO:PROPIA
TIPO:PROPIA
NO LINEAL
NO LINEAL
GRADO=PRIMERO
GRADO=PRIMERO
ORDEN:SEGUNDO
ORDEN:SEGUNDO
TIPO:PROPIA
TIPO:PROPIA
NO LINEAL
LINEAL
( x 2+ y 2) dx + xydy =0
1.2
x + y + xy
d
( y )=0
dx
1
p ( x )= , q ( x )=x ,n=1
x
1
d
y + ( y )=x y1
x
dx
1
d
y
( y)
x
dx
xy 1
+
=
y 1
y1
y 1
d ( ) y2
y + =x
dx
x
d ( ) y
d
1
y + =x y ( y ) + v ( x )=x
dx
x
dx
x
calculamos
d
d
( v ( x )) :2 y ( y )
dx
dx
df
du
df (u ) du
aplicamos la regla
=
dx
dx
d 2 d
(u ) ( y )
du
dx
d 2
( u ) =2 u
du
d 2
(u )
du
aplicamos la potencia=2 u21
2u
d
( y)
dx
2 y
d
( y)
dx
1 d
1
( v ( x ) ) + v ( x )=x
2 dx
x
d
( v (x )) v (x )
dx
+
=x
2
x
4
x
+c
2
v ( x )=
x2
sustituimos la ecuacion v ( x )= y 2
4
x
+c
2
2
y=
2
x
y=
2 cx 4
2 cx 4
y=
2 x
2 x
cx
cx
, y=
2 x
2 x
4
y=
M ( x2 + y2 )
N ( x , y )=xy
x y ' = x 2 y 2 + y
2.
xy y = x 2 y 2 + y y
xy y = x 2 y 2
x 2 y 2 2
xy y 2=
xy 22 xy + y 2
2
expando ( xy y ) =
y 2 x 22 y 2 x + y 2
x 2 y 2 2
simplifico
2
x y 2
1
2=1
2
x 2 y 2
y 2 x 22 y 2 x + y 2=x 2 y 2
3.-
y'=
x+2 y
3x+ y+4
4
5
3 h+k + 4=0, k=
8
4
x=u+h=u ; y=v+ k=v +
5
6
'
v =u+
2v
+v
3u
( r 2 +r 1 ) du ( 3+r ) u . dr=0
3+
r
. dr = ( C .u )
r + r1
2
4.
dy
x
= y
dx
y+ x2
x=v + ; x=v +1
y=u+ ; y=u+1
dy du uv
= =
dx dv u+ v
5.
( x 2xy + y 2 ) dxxydy=0
x
3
( 2x v + x v x 2 v 2)dxx vdv=0
dx
v
+
dv=0
x v1
y y x
Inx+ +
=c
x
x
( yx )=c
( yx ) e x =c
y
x
6.
( x 2+ y 2) dx +2 xydy=0
M ( x2 + y2 )
N ( x , y )=2 xy
1
d
x 1
y ( y )=
y
2 x dx
2
1
v + p ( x ) v=q ( x )
1n
d
( v (x )) v (x )
dx
x
+
=
2
2x
2
x 3
+c
3
v ( x )=
x
3
x
+c
3
v ( x )= y 2 y2 =
x
3 cx 3
3 cx 3
y=
, y=
3 x
3 x
7.
y'=
x y1
x y2
z ' +1=
z1
z2
'
z=x y ; z =1 y
x + y + ( x y 2 )
'
d
( y ) +1=0
dx
d
( yx +1 )
dy
d
d
d
( y ) ( x ) + ( 1 )
dy
dy
dy
d
d
d
( y )=1 ( x ) =0 ( 1 )=0
dy
dy
dy
10+ 0
1
d
( + (y + x2 ) )
dx
d
d
d
( y ) + ( x ) ( 2 )
dx
dx
dx
d
d
d
( y )=0 ( x )=1 ( 2 ) =0
dx
dx
dx
0+10
'
z +1=
z1
z2
8.-
( x 3+ y 3 ) dx+3 x . y 2 . dy=0
( 1+4. v 3 ) dx +3 v2 . x . dv=0
( 1+v 3 ) dx +3 v 2 ( x . dv + v . dx )=0
3
x + y +3 xy
d
( y )=0
dx
p ( x )=
1
x
, q ( X )=
, n=2
3x
3
1
d
x2 2
y + ( y )=
y
3x
dx
3
1
v + p ( X ) v=q ( x )
1n
d
( v (x )) v (x )
dx
x 2
+
=
3
3x
3
x 4
+c
4
v ( x )=
x
x 4
+c
4
3 3
v ( x )= y y =
x
2
1 3 cx 4
3
3
3
4
cx
1 cx 4
y= 2
, y= 2
, y =
3
3
23 x
23 x
9.-
( x y +3 ) dx + ( 2 x2 y 1 )
dy=0
( x y )=(2 x2 y )
( x y +3 ) dx + ( 2 x2 y 1 )=( x y +3 ) dx +2 x 2 y 1
( x y +3 ) dx + ( 2 x2 y 1 )
( x y +3 ) dx+ 2 x2 y1
10.-
dy ( 8 x + y +25 )
=
dx 7 x16 y +140
x=4 ; y =7
u=x + 4 ; du=dx ;
dy ( 8 x + y +25 )
=
dx 7 x16 y +140
x=4 ; y =7
v = y7 ; dv =dy
dv
8u32+v +7+ 25
8u+ v
=
=
du 7 u2816 v112 +140 7 u16 v
v
dv
dz
z= ; v=zu ; =z +u
u
du
du
u=x + 4 ; du=dx ;
z+ u
dz
8 u+ zu
8+ z
dz
8+ z
=
=
;u =
du 7 u16 zv 716 z du 716 z
dz
8+8 z 216 z
dz 16 z 28 z8
=
;u =
du
716 z
du
716 z
716 z
du 1
716 z
du
dz= ;
dz=
2
u
8
u
( 2 z+ 1 )( z1 )
16 z 8 z8
1 10
3
du
dz=
8 2 z+ 1 z1
u
10
3
ln ( 2 z +1 ) ln ( z1 )=ln u+c 1
16
8
ln (2 z +1 )5 ( z1 )3 =Lnc u8 ; ( 2 z +1 )5 ( z1 )3 =( c u8 )
v y7
z= =
u x +4
c (x+ 4)
5
3
2 y + x10 y x11
(
) =
x 4
x+4
11.dy 2 x +3 y +1
=
dx 3 x2 y5
( 2 x +3 y +1 ) dx+ ( 2 y 3 x +5 ) dy=0
2 x +3 y +1=02 y 3 x+ 5=0
y=
2 1
3
5
y= x
3 3
2
2
6 h+9 k+ 3=0
6 h+4 +10=0
h=
13k+13=0
k=1
13 k
2
du 2 z3
+
dz=0
u 2 z2 +2
du
2 z3
+ 2 dz=C
u
2 z +2
2 z 3
dz =0
2 z 2 +2
2 z 3
2z
dz
dz =
dz
2
2
2 z +2
2 ( z +1 )
2 ( z2 +1 )
2
z +1
1 d ( z +1 )
1
dz
2
2 z 2+1
2
1
1
ln |z 2+1| arctg z
2
2
1
1
2
ln |u|+ ln| z +1| arctg z=C
2
2
y +1 2
1
y +1
( x1 )
arctg
=C
)|2
x1
1
ln |x1|+ ln
2
( )
x1
x1 2
2 c +arctg (
x+1
)
x 1
y +1 2 +
x1 2
ln
2
y + x +2 y2 x+ 2=k e
arctg (
dy 2 x +3 y +1
=
dx 3 x2 y5
y+1
)
x1
12.-
( x y1 ) dx + ( x+ 4 y 1 ) dy=0
dy
y x+1
=
dx x +4 y 1
r 1 yx +1=0 y r 2 x + 4 y1=0
dV 14 V 2
x
=
dX
1+ 4 V
1+4 V
dX
dV =
+C
2
X
14 V
1+4 V
1
1 8V
=
+
2
2
2
1+ 4 v 1+4 V 2 1+ 4 V
1+ 4 V
1
8V
1
dV =
dV +
dV =
2
2
2
2
1+4 v
1+ 4 V
1+ 4 V
1
1
2
log ( 1+ 4 V ) + arctg ( 2V )
2
2
1
log ( 1+ 4 V 2 ) arctg ( 2 V )=log |X|+ C
2
arctg ( 2 V )
(
)=k
2
X 1+ 4 V
2
x1 2+ 4 y 2
dV
dV
=1
dx
dx
dV 3 V +6
=
dx V +10
V +10
dV = dx + C
3 V +6
V +10
1
8
dV = V + log (V +2)
3V+6
3
3
1
8
V + log ( V 2 )=xc
3
3
V +8 log ( V 2 ) =3 x +c
8 log ( x y +2 )=2 x+ y+ c
x y +2=k e
2 x+ y
8
14.-
dy 3 y7 x +7
=
dx 7 y3 x +3
dY 3 Y 7 X
=
dX 7 Y 3 X
dy 3 y7 x +7
=
dx 7 y3 x +3
dY 3 Y 7 X
=
dX 7 Y 3 X
dV
3 V 7
= V +
dV
7 V 3
dV 7 ( 1V )
=
dV
7 V 3
7 V 3
dX
dV =7
+C
1V 2
X
7 V 3
dV =2 log |V 1|5 log |V +1|
2
1V
2 log|V 1|+5 log|V +1|+7 logX =c
V 1 2V +1 5 X 7 =k
Y
Y
1 2 +1 5 X 7 =K
X
X
( yx +1)2 y+ x15=k .
15.-
( x+ 2 y 4 ) dx ( 2 x4 y ) dy=0
y1 2 + ( x2 2 ) 2 arctg
y1 )
( 2 (x2
)=c
4
log
y1 2 + ( x2 2 ) 2 arctg
2 ( y1 )
=c
x2
4
log
dy 2 x+ 9 y20
=
dx 6 x +2 y10
dY 2 X + 9Y
=
dX 6 X +2Y
dV 2+ 9V
=
V
dX 6 +2V
dV 2+3 V 2V 2
=
dX
6+ 2V
3+ V
1 dX
=
+C
2
2 X
2+3 V + 2V
3+V
1
1 1
1
= log V +
2
2
2
1 V 2
2+3 V 2V
V+
2
| |
3V
1
1
dV = log V + log|V 2|
2
2
2
2+3 V 2 V
V 2
Y
2 2
X
X
X
1
V +
2
log
Y 2 X
1
Y + X =K 1
2
( y2 )2(x1) 2
1
( ( y2 ) + ( x1 ) )=k 1
2
2
( x y ) + x
dx
=0
x
dx yx
=
x
x
( x y ) + x
dx
=0
x
y2 x
1
5 1
y + x =
2
2
8
dx yx
=
x
x
( x y ) dx+ xdy=0
x y + x
p ( x )=
d
( y )=0
dx
1
y=1
x
( )
1
d
(u ( x ) ) u( x ) x
dx
=
u(x)
u(x)
d
(u ( x ))
dx
1
=
x
u(x)
d
1 ( ) e
ln ( u ( x ) ) )=
u x=
(
dx
x
x
( u ( x )y )=u ( x )q ( x )
d 1
1
y =
dx x
x
( )
d 1
1
y =
; y =x ( c ln ( x ) )
dx x
x
( )
y=x ( cln ( x ) )