woniversiTe KOLEJ KEJURUTERAAN SEMESTER PERTAMA ‘TAHUN AKADEMIK 2011/2012 PROGRAM + Sarjanamuda Kejuruteraan Mekanikal PROGRAM Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering MATAPELAJARAN : Mekanik Bendalir 1 ‘Mechanics of Fluids 1 KOD MATAPELAJARAN MEHB223 ‘SUBJECT CODE MBHB223. TARIKH : August 2011 DATE MASA. : (3Jam) ME (3 Hours ) ——$— ‘Arahan kepada calon: 1. Jawab semua soalan. 2, Setiap soalan mempunyai markah berbeza. YANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIARAH BERBUAT DEMIKIAN Instructions to candidates: 1. Answer all questions. 2. Bach question has different mark distribution DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED 10 DO SO ee KERTAS SOALAN INI MENGANDUNGI 11 MUKA SURAT BERCETAK TERMASUK MUKA ‘SURAT INI. THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 11 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS PAGE.Question 1 In Figure I, a cylinder is rotating inside a cylindrical container filled with an unknown, liquid denoted as Liquid A. Given RI = 70mm, R2= 72mm, y= 2mm, L = 150mm and © = 2 1pm, and that the mechanical power needed to rotate the cylinder is 0.00817 W, calculate the dynamic viscosity of liquid A. Assume linear velocity variation inside the liquid, [15 marks] o UA 1 1 1 1 1 1 I Liquid A 1 1 | Rt — L 1 1 ' ' A ’ a i R2 1 1 Figure 1Question 2 a) Name one pressure measuring device [1 mark] b) Gate AB in Figure 2 is a homogenous mass of 180kg, 1.2m wide into the paper, hinged at A, and resting on a smooth bottom at B, All fluids are at 20°C. For what water depth h will the force at point B be zero? (17 marks} Water GlycerinQuestion 3 a) b) State the general continuity equation for steady state condition and explain the equation [marks] A suction device is being designed based on the venturi principle to lift objects submerged in water as illustrated in Figure 3. The operating water temperature is 20°C. The suction cup is located 1 m below the water surface, and the venturi throat is located 1 m above the water. The atmospheric pressure is 100kPa. The ratio of the throat area to the exit area is 1/3, and the exit area is 0.01m?. The area of the suction cup is 0.1m”, i) Find velocity of the water at the exit for maximum lift condition {10 marks} if) _ Find the discharge through the system for maximum lift condition [4 marks] fi) Find the maximum load the suction cup can support [4 marks]a) State the principle of momentum conservation and explain an example of its application, [3 marks} b) Ina 4 stories apartment the town water at ground floor having a bolt failure problem almost every month due to the vibration and water flowing force. The water flows through a 180° vertical reducing bend, as shown in Figure 4. The discharge is 0.3 m’/s and the gage pressure at the center of the inlet of the bend is 150 kPa. If the bend volume is 0.10 m? and it is assumed that bernoulli’s equation is valid, what reaction is required to hold the bend in place by the bolts in horizontal and vertical direction? Assume the bend weighs 500 N. [15 marks] Figure 4uestion 5 ‘Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir by a pump that provides 20kW of useful mechanical power to the water (Figure 5). The free surface of the upper reservoir is 45 m higher than the surface of the lower reservoir. If the flow rate of water is measured to be 0.03 m°/s, Determine the irreversible head loss of the system and the lost mechanical power during this process. (Assume density of water to be 1000 kg/m’) [9 marks} Figure $Question 6, Water at 10°C flows from a large reservoir to a smaller one through a S-cm-diameter cast iron piping system, as shown in Fig 6. Determine the elevation 2; for a flow rate of 6 L/s. [20 marks} Sharped-edged entrance, KL= 0.5 Standard Elbow flanged, Ki=03 Gate Valve — wide open > Bait, KL= 1.06 20m Figure 6SUPPLEMENTARY DATA AND FORMULAE 1. Pressure distribution in a rotating inviscid fluid pt ® Constant 3. The constant pressure line ina rotating mass of fluid is given by: 4. Vorticty: Q=VxF 5. Bemoulli’s equation ae fae 6. Stagnation pressure y= pt $ pv? 7. General Mass Conservation : 8, General Force Momentum Equation : 9. General Energy Conservation Equation : 10, Hydrostatic Force on Plane Surface FepghA ;yq,-y=—= 11, Hydrostatic Force on Curved Surface : B= pak 12, Quadratic Root: x=13, General Single Pipeline Energy Equation : Fog Bg te ev lal tea beathy = +a, 24th fa Sa pee ene ope roa d2g 2 2g 14 Frition factors. 02s Oy f= ——__ foe tog, ( Ae 4 514 210 37D * Reo? rants i Spt a opti So Com gts ae oan RR = = ab Lig ES od) ontm tatin ——elms——tney nr Satemiae— an ae 7 Gee ges co is oo ke + Bist ase en x samt ines? sacar ie kas rasa <— etn finesse intsSpecific. namic ‘Kinematic Vay Temperature Density Weigtt — Vscoy "Veco wreBie gem Nvm* N- s/n? ms N/m? abs, oe 1000 9810 1.79 x 10% 1.79 x 10% ou 5C 1000 9810 ESI x 10% 151 x 10% 82 1 1000, 9810131 x 10% 131 x 10% 1230, Isc 999 9800 14 x 10% Ld x 10% 1700 RC 998 979) 100. 11,00 x 10° 2340 25C 997 9781 891x104 894 x 10? 3170 30°C 996 977 797x104 00x 10? 4250 asc 994 9751 7.20x 10% 7.24 x 107 $630 arc 992 9732 653x104 6.58 x 107 7380 50°C 9889693 S47 x 10+ 553 x 107 12,300 ore 983 9683 4.60 x 10 474 107 20/000 TC 978 9504 408x104 4.13 x 107 31.200 SRC 972 9535 3.54 x 10+ 10 47.400 oC 965 9467 3.15 x 10 107 70,100 10 958 9908 x 104 107 101,300 shugs ft? IE AE bes At Es sia MOF 194 6243 3.23 K WS 166 x 1 0.122 SUF 1946240, -2.73 10S Lal x 108 01178 or 194 236x 10S 122% 1S 0256 WE 194 (05 x 10% 1.06 x 105 0.363 APF 193 80 10S 0,930 x 10° 0.505 HOF 1936200142 100.739 x IO 049 IVF 1926172, LIT x 10S 0.609 x 108 169) 1aeF 191 0981 x 108 0514 x 10 289 1orF 1.90 0.838 x 10 dz x 10% 474 18°F 188 0.726 x 10 0.385 > 10 751 20F 187 0.4637 x 105 0341 x 10% 1133 22F 186 0,593 x 10 0.319 x 10° 1470 "Notes: (1) Bulk modus E, of wate is approximately 22 GPa @2 x 10° pss @) waters surface tension s approximately 7.» 10 Nay (3 > 10" If fon IPC 40 SO, sovsce: Reprinted with permission Fran R. E, Bolz and G, L. 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