Chapter 8: Exponents and Exponential Functions

8.1 Apply Exponent Properties Involving Products

a. 222222 =

b. (22) (222) =

c. x2 x3 =

Product of Powers Property

Ex: 56 54 =
Simplify the expression.
1.

32 35

2. 8 88

3. (-2)(-2)3

4. x2 x3 x5

3. (x3)9

4. [(y 3)4]3

3. 2p2 (3p5)2

4. (5m2n)3 (mn4)2

Power of a Power Property

Ex: (34)2 =
Simplify the expression.
1. (25)3

2. [(-4)2]6

Power of a Product Property

Ex: (1321)5 =
Simplify the expression.
1. (3x)3

2. (4mn)2

8.2 Apply Exponent Properties Involving Quotients

If we add when we multiply powers with the same base, what do you think we would do if we
divide powers with the same base?
a.

23
2

b.

m7 m m m m m m m
=
m m m m
m4

Quotient of Powers Property

Ex:

37
33

Simplify the expression.

1.

810
84

2.

(3) 9
(3)5

3.

5 4 56
55

3.

( )

4.

1 7
x
x4

Power of a Quotient Property

Ex:

3 5
=
4

()

Simplify the expression.

1.

x
y

()

2 x 2 y5

5y
3x

2.
3

( )( )

5 4

( )
x
4y

2m
3 n9

4.

8.3 Define and Use Zero and Negative Exponents

Exponent, n

Exponent, n

Power, 2n

-1

-1

-2

-2

-3

-3

Power, 3n

Definition of Zero and Negative Exponents:

a0 =

Evaluate the expression.

a-n

1
an

1. 90

2. (4x2y-1)0

3. -2(6x)0

4. 7-373

5. x-2

6. x-4y3

7. 8a-10

8. a-1a-2

10.

1
3
2

14.

x 1 y 2
x 3 y1

9.

13.

b
a2

1
3

3x

3
2
x

11.

15.

12.

y
4
2x

9
3
(3 d )

16.

(4x-4y2)-3

3 4

17.

2a b
3 a5 b2

18.

x y
y
4
2
3y x

19.

2x
( 4 y 1 )2
20 x 3 y 4

20.

x
2

2 y 5

21.

4x
2
( 2 y 6 )
8 7
12 x y

22.

3x y
x2

) (

y x

5 y2

4 2

8.4 Use Scientific Notation

Scientific Notation:

c x 10n
Positive Exponent:

Negative Exponent:

Standard Form to Scientific Notation:

1.

17,830,000,000,000,000

2.

0.000006075

4.

0.009001

5. 8,001,000

3. 1,200

6. 322.09

Scientific Notation to Standard Form:

1. 3.9076 x 107

2. 2.31 x 10-5

3. 4.012 x 10-7

4. 3.75 x 103

5. 0.0025 x 105

6. 18.22 x 10-1

Order the numbers from least to greatest.

1. 21,000; 4.5 x 103; 15,625; 3 x 104

2. 0.0006; 7.8 x 10-6; 0.0012; 2.15 x 102

3. 1.765; 1.3 x 10-2; 0.0125; 6.15 x 10-1

Evaluate the expression. Write your answer in scientific notation.

1. (8.5 x 102)(1.7 x 106)

2. (5.7 x 103)(2.6 x 104)

3. (5 x 10-8)3

4.

2.4 x 10 5
2.5 x 104

5.

8.5-8.6

5.4 x 105
1.8 x 102

6.

4.1 x 104
8.2 x 108

Write and Graph Exponential Functions

Exponential Function:

Fill in the table with the given function.

1. y = 3x + 2
x

-2

2. y = 2 3x
-1

-2

-1

-2

-1

243

81

27

Write a rule for the given function.

3.

-2

-1

16

32

4.

Graph the function. Identify the domain and range.

1. y = 3x
x
-2

2. y =
y

()

x
-2

-1

-1

Domain:

Domain:

Range:

Range:

Exponential Growth:

1
3

Exponential Decay:

Graph the function. Identify the domain and range.

x
y
x
xy
x
3. y = 4
4. -2y = 2
-2
-1

-1

Domain:

Range:

Domain:

Range:

5. y = ()x
x
-2

6. y = ()x

x
-2

-1

-1

Domain:

Range:

7. y = 2 3x
x
-2

Domain:

Range:

8. y = -2x

x
-2

-1

-1

Domain:

Range:

Domain:
x
-2

x
y
9.-2y = 3()x

Range:
y

10.-1 y = -2

-1

1
3

()

2
Domain:
Domain:

Range:

Range:

5
3

()

11. y = x
-2

()

12. y = 3

x
-2

-1

-1

Domain:

2
5

Range:

Domain:

Range:

Exponential Growth Model:

1. You put $250 in a savings account that earns 4% interest compounded yearly. You do not
make any deposits or withdrawals. How much will your investment be worth in 10 years?

2. You deposit $500 in a savings account that earns 2.5% interest compounded yearly. Find the
balance in the account after the given amounts of time.
a. 1 year
b. 5 years

c. 20 years

3. A business had $10,000 in profit in 2000. The profit increased by 8% each year for the next
10 years.
a. Write a function that models the profit in dollars over time.
b. Use the function to predict the profit in 2009.

Exponential Decay Model:

4. The population of a city decreased from 1995 to 2003 by 1.5% annually. In 1995 there were
about 357,000 people living in the city.
a. Write a function that models the citys population since 1995.
b. Find the population in 2003.

5. You buy a computer for $3000. It depreciates at a rate of 20% each year. Find the value of
the computer for the given year.
a. 1 year

b. 3 years

c. 5 years