REMEMBERING THE

KANJI

n

a systematic guide to reading Japanese characters

James W. Reisig

CONTENTS

.'

Introduction

© 1987 by James W. Heisig

ALI rights reservedv including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form without the written permission of the publisher.

Published by JAPAN PuBLICATIONS TRADING Co., LTD.

1-2-1, Sarugaku-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101 Japan

PART ONE: Chinese Readings

1. The Kana and Their Kanji

2. Pure Groups

3. One-Time Chinese Readings

4. Characters with No Chinese Readings

5. Semi-Pure Groups

6. Readings from Everyday Words

7. Mixed Groups

8. Readings from Useful Compounds

9. A Potpourri of Readings

10. Supplementary Readings

First edition, First printing: January 1987 Seventh printing: March 1993

Distributors:

UNITED STATES: Kodansha America, Inc. through

Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 19 UlliOrl Square Wesl, New YOI'k, N. Y. 10003.

CA NA OA: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd., 91 Granton Drive, Richmond Hill, Ontario, L4B 2N5.

BRITISH IsLES and EUROPEAN CONTINENT; Premier Book Marketing Ltd., I Gower Street, London We} E 6HA.

Aus'rRAuA and NE.w ZEALAND: Bookwise International, 54 Crittenden Road, Pindall, South Australia 5023.

THE FAR EAST and JAPAN: Japan Publications Trading Co., Ltd., 1-2-1, Sarugaku-cho, Chiyoda-ku, TOkYO, 101 Japan

PART TWO: Japanese Readings 11. A Mnemonics for the Japanese Readings

INDEXES

10 9 8 7

Index 1. The Signal Primitives Index 2. The Kanji

Index 3. Chinese Readings Index 4. Japanese Readings Index 5. Cross-Reference List

[SBN 0-87040-748-1

ISBN (JAPAN) 4-88996-003-1

Printed in Japan

3

11 20 79 85 89

121 150 198 226 256

295

313 317 328 348 373

INTRODUCTION

As the title suggests, the present book has been prepared as a companion volume to Remembering the Kanji: A Complete Course on How Not to Forget the Meaning and WItting of Japanese Characters. It presumes that the material covered in the first book has already been mastered and concentrates exclusively on the pronunciation of the Japanese characters. Those who approached the study of the kanji in a different manner may find what is in these pages of some use, but it has not been designed with them in mind.

As I explained in the Introduction to the former volume, if it is the student's goal to acquire proficiency in using the Japanese writing system, the entire set of "general-use characters" ('m )'1'l1llll.~':) need to be learned. To insist on studying them in the order of importance or frequency generally followed in Japanese schools is pointless if some other order is more effective as a means to that final goal. A moment's reflection on the matter is enough to dispose of the common bias that the methods employed by those who come co Japanese as a foreign language should mirror the methods used by the Japanese themselves to learn how to read and write. Accumulated experience and education-and in most cases an energetic impatience with one's own ignorance-distinguish the older student too radically from Japanese school children to permit basic study habits to be taken over with only cosmetic changes. A clearer focus on the destination should help the older student chart a course more suited to his or her time, resources, and learning abilities=and not just run harder and faster around the same track.

Perhaps the single greatest obstacle to taking full advantage of one's privileged position as an adult foreigner is a healthy fear of imposing alien systems on Japanese language structures. But to impose a system on ways of learning a language does not necessarily mean to impose a system on the language itself. To miss this distinction is to risk condemning oneself to the worst sorts of inefficiency for the worst sorts of reasons.

Obviously the simplest way to learn Japanese is as the Japanese themselves do: by constant repetition, without interference, in a closed cultural environment, Applied to the kanji, this involves drilling and drilling and drilling until the forms and sounds become habitual. The simplest way, alas, is also the most time-consuming and frustrating, By adding a bit of organized complexity to one's study investments, the same level of proficiency can be gained in a fraction of the time. This was demonstrated in the first volume as far as the meaning and writing of the characters are concerned. By isolating

4

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

INTRODucrION

5

these skills and abstracting from any relationship they have to the rest of the language, a firm foundation was laid for the next step. the assignation of sounds or "readings" to the individual characters. That is the subject of this book.

The earlier volume was described as a "complete course"; the present volume is offered as a "guide." The differences between the two books are as important as the similarities. While both books are intended to be self-taught and allow individual readers to progress at their own pace, the former traced out a path step by step, in a clearly defined order. Here, however. the material is presented in such a way that it may be followed frame by frame or may be rearranged freely to suit the particular student's needs. 111e reason is that the readings of the kanji do not allow for any more than a discontinuous systematization: blocks of repeating patterns and clusters of unpatterned material organized under a variety of rubrics. In fact the only thing ironclad about tbe method is the assumption tbat the student already knows what the characters mean and how they are written. Without that knowledge, the systematization becomes all but opaque. In any event, it is important to gain some understanding of how the book as a whole is laid out before deciding how best to make use of it.

The book falls into two parts of wildly disproportionate length. The first ten chapters cover the Chinese or on readings ('Sf ii1E~); the last chapter, the Japanese or lam readings (WII !in~). This should not give the impression that the on readings themselves are so much more difficult than the kun readings, but only that their systematization requires much more attention. What is more, the method followed in Chapter 11 is closer to that followed in Vol. I and can thus be treated in relatively short shrift.

One of the chief reasons for frustration with the Chinese readings is not that there are so many kanji to read, but that there are so few readings to go around, creating a massive confusion of homonyms to the uninitiated. No sooner does one attempt to establish a set of rules to rein in this phenomenon than exceptions begin to nibble away at one's principles like termites until the entire construction begins to look like a colossal waste of effort.

True enough, there are exceptions. A lot of them. But there i also a great deal of consistency which can be sifted out and structured for the learning. The principal aim of the first ten chapters is to isolate these patterns of consistency and use them to the fullest. holding brute memory at bay as long as possible. To this end I have introduced what are called "signal primitives." By this I mean primitive elements within the written form which signal a particufar Chinese reading. Since most of these primitive forms were already assigned a meaning in the first book, the strategy should come as a welcome relief and carry you well over one-third of your way through the on readings. Whatever readings fall outside the compass of this method are introduced through a variety of devices of uneven difficulty, each assigned its own chapter.

Chapter 1 presents 56 kanji which form the parent-kanji for the forms of

the hiragana and katakana syllabaries and whose readings are directly related to the modem kana sounds. 49 of them are Chinese readings. 7 are Japanese.

Chapter 2 covers a large group of characters belonging to "pure groups" in which the presence of a given signal primitive entails a uniform sound.

Chapters 3 presents the small group of kanji whose readings are not homonyms anti may therefore be learned in conjunction with a particular character. Chapter 4, conversely, lists characters with no on reading.

Chapter 5 returns to the signal primitives, this time gathering together those groups in which a signal primitive entails a uniform sound-but with a single exception to the pattern. These are called "semi-pure" groups.

Chapter 6 brings together readings drawn from everyday words, all or nearly all of which should have been learned during the course of a gene al introduction to Japanese conversation. Allowing for occasional slight shifts of meaning from those assigned the kanji in the first volume, the only work that remains to be done is to see how Japanese puts the pieces together to create new meanings.

Chapter 7 returns one final time to the use of signal primitives, picking up what characters can still make use of the device and subdividing them into three classes of "mixed-groups" where a given primitive elements can signal two or more different sounds.

Chapters 8 and 9 follow the pattern of Chapter 6, except that the compounds will be less familiar and require learning some new vocabulary. The only thing these kanji have in common is that they do not belong to any natural phonetic group. The most useful compounds are presented in Chapter 8. The generally less useful compounds of Chapter 9 are all introduced with explanatory comments.

Chapter 10 is a wastepaper basket into which I have thrown the remaining readings: uncommon, rare, or generally restricted to proper names.

All the kanji from Chapters 1 through 10 are arranged in a frame of uniform design (see Figure 1 below). Taken together. they cover the entire range of on readings established as standard by Japan's Ministry of Education.

Five Indexes have been added to facilitate reference and review. Index 1 lists all the signal primitives, arranged according to number of strokes, and

Frame no.

Chinese reading

lnrernat cross-reference

cross-reference 10 Vol. I

fL

62

exemplary compound

commonplace; ordinary

pronunclauon of compound

meaningo[ compound

Figure 1

6

REMEMBERLNG TIlE KANJI IT

INTRODUCfION

7

are no longer of any use for review, or else find yourself reviewing what you haven't yet studied. In either case, you would be sidestepping the entire method on which this book is based. Be sure to read the instructions on pages 297-298 before doing anything with your cards.

Fourth, certain Japanese sounds undergo phonetic alterations when set alongside other sounds. For example, - 2l>= = 2$: :::::$: is read ippon, ninon; sambon, the syllable "]10n" being like a chameleon that changes to suit its environment. Some of these alterations are regional, some standard. In any case, they are best learned by trial-and-error rather than by a set of rules that is more complex than it is worth.

Fifth, a word about Chinese compounds (M 1m, L:. l6l> < C::::). With a grain of salt, one might compare the blend of Japanese (lam) and Chinese (on) words to the blend of Anglo-Saxon and Latin-Greek words in English. Generally, our words of Anglo-Saxon root are richer in meaning, vaguer, and more evocative than those of Latin-Greek root, which tend to precision and clarity. For instance, the word "glass" can suggest a whole range of possible images and meanings, but as soon as we substitute its Latin equivalent, "vitrine," we have narrowed it down to a more concrete meaning. The presence of Chinese words (generally a compound of two or more on readings) in Japanese performs a similar narrowing, specifying function, while the native Japanese words reverberate wider and deeper meanings. In the same way that we combine Anglo-Saxon words with Latin-Greek words (for example, in the term "fiberglass"), Japanese will occasionally mix on and kun readings in the same compound, As a rule, I have avoided these in the exemplary compounds. The order of preference in choosing examples was roughly as follows: (1) a compound that includes a reading appearing in a previous frame; (2) a compound in ordinary use; (3) a compound that uses a reading to appear soon after the frame in question; (4) the most common or instructive compound: (5) a name of a person or place; (6) rare or archaic compounds. TIle student is encouraged to substitute familiar compounds at any time for the examples T have chosen.

Sixth, the use of signal primitives demands the same rigor applied to primitive elements in Vol. I. Where a single jot or tittle of difference is present, the element is excluded. Additional attention will have to be paid to the position of the primitive, which was not important in the earlier book.

Seventh, I would register a plea against trying to begin with the two volumes of Remembering the Kilnji at the same time. T wash my hands (or as Japanese would have it. my feet) of all responsibility for the results. That having been said, there is no reason that these pages cannot be used in conjunction with a set of graded readers. J would only advise that you begin this after having worked your way through Chapters 2 and 5. The benefit of such an approach is that it enables you to take full advantage of the grammatical and vocabulary drills that such readers provide. At the same time, the commonly heard advice about leaming characters "in context" is one that Is not as

the frame in which they first appear. Index 2 presents a listing of all the kanji treated in this and the former volume, arranged according to the number of strokes. Index 3 lists, in syllabic order, all the on readings, their respective kanji, and the number of their respective frames. Index 4 lists all the lam readings and their respective kanji. Together these two indexes constitute a complete dictionary of readings for the general-use kanji. Index 5 follows the frame sequence of the first book, giving the kun readings and the .frame(s) in which the on reading is introduced in this book.

The frames have been arranged to facilitate reviewing: if you block out everything to the right of the compound used as an example, the student is able to run a simple self-test from time to time. For more thoroughgoing review, the flashcards that were prepared according to the design given in Chapter 5 of tile first volume can be completed, with the aid of the Indexes. A complete explanation is provided in Chapter 11.

Although the principles that govern the structure of this book will become clearer as the student grows more familiar with the content, there are a few points that seem worthy of mention at the outset. They represent both the courtesies Ipaid my own memory in learning to read Japanese and the pitfalls ] watched fellow students fall into following other methods. As time goes on, you mayor may not choose to follow them, but at least you should know what they are.

First, relating one compound to another by means of similarities of sound is to be avoided at any cost. It merely clutters the mind with useless information. The fact that the two syllables sensei can mean teacher (*~) or astrology (6 £) or despotism (1:IJ. jlill) or oath (Jl if), depending on the kanji assigned to them, may come as such a surprise that you are tempted to make some use of the coincidence. Resist the temptation.

Second, it is best not to try to learn on and (am readings at the same time for the same character. Tbe idea of "conquering" a character in its entirety will be supported by nearly every textbook on the kanji you pick up, but is nearly as mistaken as trying to learn to write and read the kanji at the same time. Once you have learned the general-use characters, you will have a much better base from which to learn the meaning, writing, and readings of new characters en bloc as you meet them. Until then, ding to the Caesarean principle of "divide and conquer."

Third, with few exceptions. it seems preferable to learn the several possible Chinese readings of a given character as they come up, in isolation from one another. When second or third readings appear, reference to earlier frames will inform you of the fact. You will no doubt notice that the quickest way to complete the information on your flashcards is to rush to Index 5 and start filling them in. If you do, you might end up with a tidy set of cards that

8

REMEMBERiNG THE KANJl IT

sensible as it sounds. Even if I learn the English word "troglodytic" in sentences such as "I can trace my ancestors back to the troglodytic age" or "There's a family of troglodytes in my tool shed," the word still needs to be learned in the first place. New Japanese vocabulary falls on the foreign ear with much the same impact-totaUy unrelated to anything we already know. The benefit of a context is that it enables one to d rill anum ber of words and assimilate something of how they relate to One another grammatically and connotatively. Context 'defines the finer nuances that usage and tradition have affixed to the kanji, but the compounds themselves still need to be learned. For this reason, students who wish systematically to make their way through this book frame by frame need not trouble themselves over the absence of context provided they do not abandon all reading practice in the process.

Eighth and finally, a vigorous warning against the use of romaji in learning to read Japanese kanji. Get the idea out of your mind that the Roman alphabet is a "crutch" to help you hobble along until you master the hiragana and katakana syllabaries, It is nothing of the kind. It is rather a slow and selfinflicted amputation that will leave you crippled for the rest of your Japanesereading years. Not only does the Roman alphabet inflict quirks on your pronunciation, it cultivates a systematic bias against the kana that gets harder and harder to uproot. Be patient with the kana, and never write Roman letters underneath them. The stricter you are in expelling all romaji from your study of Japanese words, the quicker you will find that Roman letters become an obstacle to reading and writing, which they are for the Japanese and should be for anyone learning the language.

The manuscript of this book was completed in December of 1977 and privately circulated in the spring of the following year under the title Adventures in Kanji-Land, Vol. 1I: A Guide to Reading Japanese Characters. I decided to issue it in a new edition at this time because of the many letters I received from those who had found profit in Remembering the Kanji and were anxious to know how further to systematize their study of the kanji. It is my hope that these pages will go some way towards answering that request.

It only remains for me to express my thanks to Sasabe Midori 1ti: k -$ ttl: , lto Akiko f¥ Jj::a =r , and Sasaki Hirofuml 1!f: k *fliIi Jt , who worked zealously to prepare the Indexes and set the Chinese characters, and to the Japan Publications Trading Company for their continued interest and support.

Nagoya, Japan 25 October 1986

James W. Heisig

.'

Part One

CHINESE READINGS

Chapter 1

The Kana and their Kanji

The two Japanese syllabaries known as hiragana and katakana (or collectively, as the kana) originated as stylized versions of Chinese characters used to represent the sounds of Japanese without any reference to the original meaning of those characters. In modern Japanese not all of the kana retain the sound of their parent- kanji, but there are a number that do, whether as kun-yomi or on-yomi, which makes learning their reading almost automatic. Many of the calligraphic transformations wiU be immediately apparent, while others require some experience in Chinese calligraphy. For these latter, handdrawn characters have been inserted.

The letters "R" and "K," set off in parentheses and inserted in the location of the internal cross-reference numbers, indicate whether the kanji in the frame is parent to hiragana or katakana or both.

To make a representative listing, it has been necessary to include a number of rare exemplary compounds and compounds that mix on and fcun readings. These deviations have been indicated in each case. Despite these difficulties, the frames presented in this brief initial chapter are worth studying carefully before moving on to the simpler material in the next chapter.

As stated in the Introduction, on-yomi are listed in katakana and kun-yomi in hiragana a convention commonly observed in Japanese dictionaries. In the case of kun-yomi, the reading of the kanji is often accompanied by an inflection called okuri-gana G~ 9 i&;:g,), which modern Japanese wri tes with hiragana.

~
= (K) 233 2
~
1 =tI:! VC-tt-tr> second-generation (Japanese)
~ Jr
~ (K) 1086 3
~
=?T lJ.?L three-year old child; triplets
2 12

REMEMBERING 11,[£ KANJ1 n

THB KANA AND THEIR KANJI

13

fr: I ~.
66 (HIK) 951,2034,2]62 98
tr~if3 J6 ;6'::iIj. goddess
3
+ -; (K) (972) 40
4 'T.6b "!? L.1. Kuril Islands, north of lap an
1£ 1 11' (H) 896 77
5 'ir.:fi <!0P~ right and left; on both sides
/f ~ 7 (l-I/K) 2037 1217
T$.: ,.s,.~!v uneasiness
6 The katakanajOm1 comesfrom thefirs: 2 strokes only.
-tit ~ (H/K) 1583 28
i:t!1/'- -l:t tJ, V:> world
7
~ ~ (K) 108
8 *& tc: L.! ~ more Or less
~D ~ T (H) 188 1223
!WA "b t.:/V an acquaintance
9
flj I) (H/K) 236 906
;f'iJm-:tJ.:> !7 .t' to make use of
10 The kana forms come from the nght side of the kanji,
.l2L - ) -1 (H) 1028
~J= V>. t:. l: , above; more than
11 fD ) 897
r '7 (I-IIK) 2236
4'-;f~ ""'-V>. V peace
12
:g:~ f) "'- (HIK) 1080 1845
$~ ""'--If a room
13 The kanafonns come from the right side of the kanji,
EB ~p :::L (H/K) 1006,1345,2163 1105
EI3* ~0v> reason; origin
14
1At )v (K) 496 764
U[I~ J.,-CA., metempsychosis
The katakallafonn comesfrom the last two st:okes of (he kanji
only. The reading of the parent-kanji is rare, aside from Bud-
15 dhist terms like the one given here.
1* {~ oj'< (HIK) 997
i*~ I~ <blv security; keeping the peace
The hiragana form is based on the entire kanji; the katakana
16 comes only from the last 4 strokes.
.JVJ ~ IV (H) 1691 142.3
s=I
lilq .::.-t absence (from home or work)
17
rft t~ p. (H) 1424 803
18 ~D1 L'lvtr radio waves; electric waves
*-. ~ (H) 1150 120
.1l.* 1.::.it a log
19 The example combines on and kun readings, 14

REMEMBERING THE KANn II

THE KANA AND THEIR KANn

15

tl; c (HIK) 1554 370
J.l:-tb cib to stop; halt
20 The katakana comes from the first two strokes.
it vt l:-! (!irK) 346 447
21 .l:t~ [} 1J' < comparison
ftt t~ s; (H) 1144 377
i'it~ it L...-\'=' warrior
22
,
:&:. t ;;: (H) 1566 396
1'X:~ x."4lA. clothes
23 The example is an old word rarely used today, as is the reading.
G ::J (HfK) 1227 525
rolE. Gl:. oneself; the self
24 The kanafo1111s come fram the first 2 strokes ofihe parent-kanji.
DO -1;'7 j;) (!ilK) 788 867
1m.A 1J' ~ ~ :J admission (to a group)
2S The. katakana is based on the left side of the kanji only.
~ h -1 (H)J.J 1918
26 f.f~ i:,lr> conduct; actions; deeds
-!J- ~ 3 (HIK) 1246
.Ej.Je. .1: C , ruling political party
27 The katakana comes from the bottom half of the kanji. II ;t (K) (117) 139
iCF :lc old name for Tokyo
28 Only the right half of the kanji is used for Ihe kana.
.~ 11 """ (HfK) 300 1381
29 ~fpJ$ ~ iv"/J;' < geometry
..
]: ..-?
f r) (HIK) 1656
-$'ii 5~~8 cosmos; universe
30 The katakana comes from the first 3 strokes of the kanji only.
J~' ! s: (H) 1559 ~ 612
~l\( ~;t wisdom
31 The hiragana in question is of, course, the old [01711.
1- .:0:; (H) 235,2056 988
1=::E F' VC:j;,~ 5 t A_.. Buddhist temple gate with
32 fierce Deva Kings
1j3' -1 (K) 1161
~:;.t ~U 1,r.1t.!? Italy
Onl» the left side of the kanji is used to form the katakana The
exemplary compound is traditional usage. Modem Japanese
33 prefers to use katakana for the names of Western countries.
;L ~ ."./ (HIK) 1214
34 L~% L..GH"lr> zigzag (like the kanji Z).
~Jl A (K) 1718
~.9]!.[ ~~?-j. J apaneseteapot
3S The katakana comes from the stylization of the right side. 16

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

THE KANA AND THEm KANJl

17

l~ ;) 0 (FlIK) (2209) 686
7J*~ 0~'~'7J' (place name)
36 The katakana comes from the first stroke of the kanji.
* i 7- (HJK) 1094
~~ td:> (place name)
37 The katakana is based on the first 2 strokes only.
tt1 l' (HlK) 1290
·tB -t;t; 1"'-tL.. (man's name)
38 This character appeared in Vol. I only as a primitive (p. 179).
t: 1? 1:1 (H/K) 24
Itr\. g .b.6 hot Japanese bath
39 The katakana uses only the first 3 strokes of the kanji.
150 t: j;~ eRIK)
"Ht .0 i>-!1.o in; at
The katakana form is based on the left side of the kanji only.
The character featured here did not appear in Vol. I, but its prim-
40 itive elements should be easy to recognize.
$ s: (K)
$83 ute (surname)
The katakana form is based on the first 2 strokes of the kanji.
This character, extremely rare in modem Japanese, was nor intro-
41 duced in Vol. 1.
t1F 1~' .:r- (H/K)
+'J;:t n:r low-ranking Shinto priest
The katakanaform is based on the left side of the kalzji only.
42 This extremely rare character did not appear in Vol. 1. :A ~ jl (HIK) 1638,2157 1016
43 A;W:: <16 (surname)
*l- V> (K) 1707,1951 "'f 1806
~:F v>E a well
44 The katakana based on this character is used rarely nowadays.
~ , ,
J; ~ (H) 1111,1457 548
~.~ i'L,v.J;.. (surname)
Thehiragana form is based on the final 3 strokes of the kanji.
The readings of both characters in the exemplary compound ate
45 rare, except for names.
£! r :7 (HIK) 892 1468
46 ~A ~~ (place name)
~X ~ x (ElK) 191 702
AAEEl 'dl1f. (surname)
The karakana jorrn. is clearly drawn from the right side of the
kanji only. The reading of the parent-kanji is rare, except for
47 proper names.
EEl 1 :I (H/K) 1190 501
13
~ fj t~ 7i: 7J'kn (surname)
The reading shown here is used on.ly in names. Note that the
48 reading combines kun and on readings. Of the 48 kanji given above, a number were indicated as having rare readings or readings chiefly used in proper names. Those that happen to be general-use kanji wi!! be assigned more common readings in later chapters, as you will notice from the inclusion of an internal crossreference number.

18

REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT

THE KANA AND THEIR KANJI

19

We now turn to kanji whose readings differ from the pronunciation of the kana which they serve as parent-kanji by virtue of an extra syllable which is present in the kanji but not in the kana that comes from it. We begin with 3 characters whose readings lengthen the vowel of the kana syllable, making it a diphthong.

~ ~/ (K) 1189
~t)i< c; ,z,rg: a walk; stroll
55 The katakana comes from the first 3 strokes of the kanji.
,~ ~
)j! ;;t:/ (H) 277 402
c
~i:& :lO~ Iv!_, (place name)
56 This reading is rare, ellen in place names. ~i vt -71 (H) 337
49 itTilii !10"b' < scheme; plan
~ -'E:'l (HIK) 803 19U
~;ffi t '5 .b. blanket
50
tL cyl 1/1 (RIK) 2114 1087
$l:;-Jt L,"?ttl.t> discourtesy; impoliteness
The hiraganaform is based on the whole kanji, the katakana 011
51 the right side only. The list of characters treated above does not cover all the kana, nor does it begin to include all the possible alternative kanji that have served the function now restricted to the kana. Unless you plan to start penning waka and haiku poems in the classical style, the 56 characters of this chapter should more than suffice as a background to the relationship between the kanji and the kana.

Like the last 3 frames, the kanji in the following 5 frames share in common the fact that their readings add a final syllable ,z,. which is absentin their kana pronunciation.

1£: 1) 7>' (H/K) 314 190
52 'Ii: I~' ;fJ1vL-1v peace of mind
-t ~ /1,:/ (H) 45
53 -tit: -r Ivl~ Ij measurement
X '"[ 5":/ (HIK) 428
51C11l --r1vC-:< heaven; paradise
54 PURE GROUPS

21

Chapter 2 Pure Groups

60

agency; mediation

=j-~?

!:> \Ill ., i,)~ V>

956

Perhaps the easiest groups of character-readings to learn are those that share common on readings by virtue of the presence of a common primitive element, called here a signal primitive because it "signals" a particular sound for each character in which it appears.

To learn how these signal primi tives function, let us begin with a concrete example.

There are other "pure groups."-and these are clearly the majority-in which the Signal primitive is not itself a kanji, Of at least not one ineluded in the Est of those we studied. In these cases, the signal. primitiveis set off immediately to the right of the kanji treated in the frame. An example follows immediately.

Unless some other explanation is given, the use of proper names for exemplary compounds is meant to indicate that this reading is used ex" elusively or chiefly for names in modern Japanese,

39

~m m it- 913
t:I ' 1839
61 r.5iill -c j,A"S': a shop; store
1~ *- 1840
62 :tiIiWJ~ f1 Cx ~ Iv a (financial) subsidy
~m oJ"< 1837
63 ~1i JW, f1 ~ (surname)
1m * 1836
64 ~m it. 1.r>f1 arrest; capture China

As you learned in VoL 1, the character in the previous frame serves as a primitive element in a number of other characters with the meaning of "m,"

Conveniently, it also provides those characters with a common onyomi, namely 7" ~ ;7 • In other words, each time. you. see this primitive element, you can be sure what the Chinese reading will be. Among all the kanji treated in Vol. I, there are three characters that fit this pattern. All you need do to learn them is to recognize them as possessing the signal primitive.

¢f
, t2.'
58 ,~, 'ef
~~
59 rrP· 7C =j-",? !:>\IIl;t..(

602

"T:>.7 !:>!9;l:1v

138

The size of particular "pure groups" varies. Some are as large as 8. others as small as 2. Since the larger groups are, obviously, easier to learn, we begin with those containing 4 or more kanji. De careful to note the special conditions that occasionally accompany the signal primitives.

admonition; warning

ascendancy; rising to the sky

22

REMEMBERING THE KANn U

PURE GROUl'S

23

-:& 7-3'7 1920
65 t±~ L--\">'l?.t , company president
~ff "T3o) 1921
66 :±'* L.,.\9>"!?.t5 emphasis; insistence
r~ 73'7 1922
67 :iHl~~ ?'"b.t' bank book; passbook
~~ "Tao) 1923
68 J~~ 1'15 'S .l: 5 swelling; inflation ~ #" 641
74 ~W !' !'J social duty; obligation
~ # 642
75 i:::fi iJ. II> ~. meeting; conference
{~ #" 984
76 *L~ tt II> !' etiquette; courtesy
m # 643
77 ~!14 t!!. -It II> sacrifice 11 7 1000
69 f1~ bJ: an allowance; grant
Jff 7 1002
70 a Iff --\'fll>b government
k.{f
l' 7 1001
71 ~: -t5- -S>L"? cipher; mark; symbol
rYft 7 1303
IlftJif b!1v vicinity
72 This character is still widely used today as an alternative co that
in Frame 69, (IS the exemplary compound above illustrates"
~ 7 1023
73 !i.f(if C 5b bean curd; tofu .=E:.
-I!: 1 1524 1534
78 W~ -1:!':l./lbA,- young man; youth
*!3=. -I!: 1 1525 1535
79 ~f'il -1:!"1I>L-A,- mind; psyche
~~ ~1 1526 1539
80 mm -1:!"\,n~? clean; cleanliness
8r=J ~1 1528 1538
81 1l'Ir7E -1:!"1./l-C..z, clear skies
:=£1
Ii: -I!-1 834,1529 1540
82 l'fll.!l:. -1:!': \,n L- a standstill 24

R EMErviJ3.ER lNG TI~E KANJ[ IT

PURE GROUPS

25

c:;:::Is ~-1
iJFJ 1527 1536
$~ L-,z,:it\r> application; petition
83
I~
'R1 ~1 1530 1537
84 J!~ tR' h>.-1t(;>. air; appearance i:s .n !J 2044 652
92 m~ Vi< ll9> applause
fia ~, 11 1869
93 JiI8*& Vi < C;,\r>OIv imported goods
i
is .-~ !J 967
94 {s1'1' ti ( "bifll ~ to be equal to; be a match for 3i d 5
85 Ii. A CI'tIV 5 people
'TI.. ':f
cr 17
86 1'J-A. c c,z, we [rare]
II~ d 622
87 ~'~ iJ, < L resolve; preparedness
=n ~l
PI:! 347
88 B;;$:!ffi {rC fi'z' L Japanese language g *9 530
§T I~ .5 t,,t .5 kitchen knife; deaver
95
~~ *9 532
96 ~~ "t? i~ 5 cannon
~§ *9 533
97 7.k~ -t0~'1 .5 bubbles; foam
j"tI *9 645
98 1i""teJ iJ.· V> ¥'1 ? nursing; care
~§ :$9 531
fHJ~ E ? ~'1 ? compatriots; fellow countrymen
99
~~ *9 1480
100 firl1t fi .5 lJ: < saturation 8 "" !J 542 37
sA r.t< J.:.,z, white people; Caucasians
89
18 .," !I 147
90 -~ V.?I't( a night's stay
i§. '-" !J 282
91 -!;JJi§ -\t'"?tE< to be tense; be imminent 26

101

REMEMBEIUNG THE KANll IT

..; E ? 1530

j" l: J:; ~ Iv daughter; young girl

PURE GROUPS

27

1528

1~ i:J 1563 1008
1ti't 1J.;tl. < chemistry
The signal primitive must stand alone, with nothing to its tight,
110 in order to carry the sound.
1t i:J 1009
111 :rr~ 1J'1i.1v flower bed; flower garden
Jt i:J 1010
112 j;l;!fWJ iJ, Ib-? freight
fit tJ 1894
~q!fc -tt V> 1J. shoemaking
113 "",.-"

n~

102

.,;/'3:1

l: J: 5v~

concession; compromise

103

:/3:1 Cl:.t5

thesoil

1529

104

brewing; distillation

1527

flY i:J 93
105 I'J fig iJ. (J) 5 possibility
1PI "jj 1012
106 ~11iJ$ ~ iJ' ;tl. < geometry
-+t-
1nr i:J 1013
107 !±Ifrlj L-~ ~ iJ, shipping; consignment
~ j] 469
108 ;j3i~ ?: .5 iJ, school song
inr j] 146
109 fij J II ;0. -tt A., rivers; rivers and streams I ;:! '7 1544 76
AI t. Iv 1: ; manmade
The signal primitive in. this group must assume a "prominent
position" in the character ill order to catty the sound with it.
W'hell it is tucked away in a comer of the character as a minor
114 element.as ill the kanii ~ , it loses thatfunaion.
JjJ ::I ? 2193 863
115 $;J}J -1'!:v.t. ; success
Jj{ ::I ? 330
116 W-l1Z -tft'Vl:. 5 field of specializarion
II ;:! ? (28) 139
117 "!LiM z 5 t. general public 28

REMEMBERING TIlE KANJI n

PURE GROUPS

29

*~ :::I ~ 2200 1355
118 tr~ 1::. ?i:>~ (black) tea
t§ ::r :I
/' 82
119 .m13 1::. ? t ( item; clause
.=:.:..
Yt :::I ? 2094 81
120 ~mt: 1::. ? ~1 Iv service; contribution
!:; ::r ~ 1241
121 aJ:5 ~'1::. , technique; skill '§ j] y 1271
127 iJt'~ ~ ,t ? -jJ>1v teacher; professor
~ 1) y 1273
128 l'fm 1J'1v !l administration; management
ft 1) :/ 1272
129 fg~ t;>1v L ~ hearse
!~ tJ ;/ 1478
130 ft§:m: 1J' Iv i?t ? superintendent of a building ~ V 1863
122 1'i]~~ L. iJ, V":l l,.-I'> chairperson; emcee
=~
pll v 1865
123 ;:If],:~1fj 1J>l,. song lyrics
~PJ 'l 1866
124 ~ff l,.V":l < to breed; raise
{§J s> 1864
125 f;ij~ l,.1::. ? to wait upon; pay respects to
fffi~ "/ 1867
126 ~T L. L. heir; successor 1~ ~ ".7:/ 1674
131 #tit.ryT¢ vt!v't'( to economize
,~ ,7:/ 2155 1980
132 ~~ l., lr1 Iv test; examination
~~ &:/ 1672
133 '&rM: f~5vt!v adventure,
f~ 7:'-- 1673
134 tlil:~ 111vc'; inspection
~U 9":/ 1671
135 Yiml: !1lvE5 Japanese "way of the sword" 30

REMEMBERING THE KANJI n

PURE GROtJPS

31

R$ -q 593
136 fi':1I1f.t "l-t-'( narcotics
~ ~ 639
137 ~;R~ 1-C1v65 skyscraper
~ ~ 594
138 l"iJf~ ~;0"l grinding; polishing
R ~ 2022
139 Imil: "l L:. .t witch 1$ '/ ;/ 1110 1119
145 r.t.fit -l:t1.r:>L-A, mind; psyche
1$ -/;/ 1118
146 f$~ L-A,-;?.t? elongation; extension
*$ V;/ 1361
147 K41± L-Iv L- gentleman ± -/ 319
140 ±'"§ L- il'/v commissioned officer
1± -/ 2202 960
141 ttH± L.\9l ? L- attendance (at work)
-±
Ie.., 'l 600
142 -..fit; -tA,L- small token (of gratitude)
~
we' 'l 601
~B± <!?L. magazine
143 n", *Jl fi '/ 1776
~~ k L- ~ organization
148 The signal primitive must appear on the right, alone,
t[ '/ 1779
149 .m.% k-ttlv ancestors
f_§_ '/ 1778
150 m:m k-lfl.r:> taxation
*iL '/ 1777
151 m*1.! k"l-:J crude; shabby
BlL '/ 1780
152 ~1Ill:. .JtL. obstruction; hindrance $

1117

5'"1

1831

144

application; petition

153

low-class

32

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

PURBGROUPS

33

1~ 74 1832
154 ::ktl itv>-rv> by and large; for the most part
Jl! 7-1 1833
155 ftjl1£ 7.;' It> -r It> bottom of the sea
~~ -r-1 1841
156 ll.$ L.--r V> private residence j:~ ... { -1 477
163 ~j! tll.nX.5 nurture; cultivate
f)t:r "'-::4 1299
164 fItl':fJ::-t~ rilr.o\""J: < dine with a superior
~1:g: ... ' -1 476
165 ~,H}~ tIlt> L- J: 5 compensation; indemnity jWij ~ 7~ 441
157 lI!~ L~~? apt; fitti ng
~~ 7~ 443
158 ~iik L~"b enemy territory
~ ':T~ 2180 440
159 lEjiliij ~V>L~ legitimate wife or child
:J=r&i -ril( 657
160 mfll L..L~ to indicate; point out
l' ':T:lf- 442
161 -~ It>-:;.lL~ one drop ~ "' ..... ;/ 1180 U02
*-7.1- tilv~1v half
166 The signal primitive must stand clearly on its own.
flJ ..I .... :/ 1178 1205
167 ~.ij~ tilv-rv> judgment
ffi* .» ..... y 1181 1204
168 WJ~ e; Vi Iv lake side; along a lake
1* ,.;- ..... ./ 1179 1203
169 [EJf* ~;tifv company; companion ~ I

992

~ 1l;;_
I~ -:Jr7 1816
170 m~ t.. ; ~. lecture
t~ ::I r7 1818
171 ~f~ ~ t.. .5 organization; structure triple; three times

162 The signal primitive must stand 10 the right, a/one.

34

REMEMBERING THB KANJI II

PURE GROUPS

35

ftl ::J ? 1817
172 ~!IIA C:;VCI9>? purchase; buying
~ ::I ? 1819
173 ~f 7J< WI: 1';t\/>-Tv.t.5 waterway; drainage ditch 2037

181

conglutination; healing up

$ ;I ? 1173
E3
174 #.tWli"f. f~'-,,(:'1i'v> legal circles; judicial world
11 ;I ? 1176
175 zkfJ!j -J'v.-t"; water tank
'iII 1174
m :J?
176 l!~ -t"; (; an encounter
i~ :J ? 1175
177 @]fi!iI ]j> \/> -t" , sea carriage; marine transport The above group of 125 kanji with their 011 readings represents by far the easiest treated in this book. Still. it is important to master them well before moving on, if for no other reason than to make sure you have understood what signal primitives are and how they work.

When you are reviewing (see Introduction. p, 6). do so only from the compound (not the character) to the reading and meaning-not in the oppos-ite direction. And remember not to clog your memory with useless information (for example which Signal primitives share the pronunciation '7 =f-). Once you are confident of your progress so far. you can go 0.11 to the next group of 114 kanji. They are also of the "pure" type, but number only 3 to a group,

~1W ilt ~ 289
178 till±l !&bL-t9>:::> exports
[A
, I'll] "'- 628
179 '1!1ii~ t:Sb~< pleasure; joy
=A
~IJU =>- 352
180 ~mN ~ .t ; ~ an instructor * '/ ~ 221
182 *fff L- t9> U<) red (vermilion) brush
1,* 'i". 810
183 If:lf?.* 7I c.<L-~ special; particular
I* 'i:L 258
184 ;fi;~ L-Iv L; t9> pearl lfI... ""'"=>-~ 688
185 11f& ~!!:t9>'5 dissemination
n_& ~""? 689
186 1,1&. JtR ~I!l! ; L-t9>5 to absorb 36

REMEM-BERIN G THE RANI! II

PURE GROUPS

37

187

top grade; high quality

345

1353

196

composing a song or poem

*D T 9 1223
188 9:-O~ -s.:t wisdom
19Jj T 1683
189 fflj~ -s iJ' Iv fool (especially an erotic one)
~o
T 1224
190 J:~ t.:..t:~-S supreme wisdom ~ n 7~ 1039 1197
/"
197 IItt7k .s,.lvTv> fountain
't;r- 7~ 1199
198 i1tit't ~,b..1v righteous indignation
~ 7~ It98
199 i!i:tJt t.,b..1v turnulus; old burial grounds ~Y.. ~. 47 702
191 ~~ c:h.~ a slave
"9.5Z ~. 703
)~,
192 ~:Rl. c~ anger; indignation
~ t .. 865
193 ~1J C !? .l: < effort; exertion g_
/" ~ 1897
200 ,R~R LoS ... < dry-goods; draperies
~!R ~ 1898
v'
201 -~~ C~< amusement; entertainment
~g_
I:V" ~ 1899
202 ~m C iJ' v.. misunderstanding ,
7}:_ ;1:.1 132
194 71c~Q) ;tv..k.1v eternity
7~( ;1:.1 136
195 lkiik Tlt'>.:tlt'> swimming ff;Jffl Fro -".,~ 1825
203 ili~ ",,-,4., L., ~ ? editing
1Jffi ""-/ 1823
204 iiMJ!. ""-1vH"A_., bias 38

REMEMBERING TIfE KANJI II

PURE GROUPS

39

1824

214

school grounds; campus

205

universal

590

"@
~ I:: <I ? 1606
206 :j9:~ c,OJ:' voting
,'aIi
?* 1::: <I ? 1607
207 ~S (}x5tl< bleaching
t"illi
* t::. 3 ? 1608
208 13~ i«(},I:, target; aim ~ I~'~ tJ U93
215 illi~ -::> ? iJ' transit; passage
iffD tJ 1292
216 iI'iIlFP iJ· ~ I~ '5 in a whirlpool
7f{lQ jJ 129]
:ff.l:fi -IJ • ..s,. ( fortune and misfortune
217 .i~ it s> 1389
J l!.H
209 fJ;.~ L:;;b\.r.. kindness and love
1iJ.J.
if -» 1390
210 $~ t:.~ magnetism
ill -;; 1388
211 rfi~ l:. J: '5 nourishment ~ ~ 126
218 *~ ~ -_t '5 an odd number
'#
PT =f 192
219 ~f1 ~.s,. donation
~*
. or =f 1981
220 !If,~± ~ L.. knight g 7-1 508
212 I±l~ L..~?-C\.r.. appearance in court
~T! 7'"1 1876
213 Mi~ iJ' Iv-r V> naval vessels; a fleet ±Jt 1L :::1[7 306
221 .:lfGJ.t 1:5 ,l::" '5 mine shaft
~Jt :::1? 1870
222 Mni t. '5 ;6, \.r.. sea voyage; crossing the ocean 40

REMEMBERING THE KANJI 11

PURE GROUPS

41

223

648

935

*","9 "?~'<9>~

::J? 1H:f.i'L;t,:, l:1.r.>C:;

baseball

to resist; fight against

232_

E * .. 856
224 aA ~ .!: C-Iv a giant
tg or .. 857
225 t§ ;a ~ .to denial; rejection
fE~ or .. 1281
226 f&~ ~ 1 P distance -
-- - = 1 2
233 += 1:.19' , trr: twelve
~ = 355
-
234 ~:np:J 0:1 Iv X. A_., ¥20,OOO
1- = 32,2056 988
235 ex r~ VCj;,~ ? Iblv temple gate with Deva Kings flj I) 10 906
236 *lj~ !J J: ? to make use of
:if;:IJ
;:71'<;:: !J 907
237 ~001 !J.:tlv theatrical world
m ~ 1687
238 -r1fiJ If_b diarrhea ~o *
i I'lFl
~ :J ? 215
227 iltiilk tl'lvk, dryness
t* :I 17 671
228 ~ *fit -j- .Q -'t, l:!9> , to pilot; operate
~; ?
~ :I 2035
229 tf_ij;~ ;6, I.r.>-t :5 seaweed "* ~"'" '7 934
230 ~;Jt J: , ~ \9> :5 demand; request
f-~ o};:,. ? 936
231 ;E!I:~>lj[ ~ 19> ? ! 19> , ambulance
L"" 1]f }'f I) 9 1707
'"
239 ~f:lit 1J'/v _!;I .I: ? bureaucracy
~ I} :3 9 1708
~* !? 1 :5 dormitory superintendent
240 "l;:, .t :5 42

REMEMBERING THE KANJi n

PURE GROUPS

43

241

medical care; recuperation

1504

1709

250

kind; thoughtful

t* * 1T"1 733
242 i*:wI ~It"><"? working a mine
~
* it1 734
243 lllJ~ ~~v. vegetables
~v....-:
;f~ 1T"1 1714
244 %~-j'-<b -.; It"> L..t < to color in; paint 1~ i'i\.
:J( "/;/ 1148
251 iiA \....A.,1'L~5 invasion
~3
SZ "/;/ 1149
252 ~7J< l.,A.,-j'-1t"> flooding
:F
'R "/;/ 1150
253 .!I?!~ L.A.,L..-::;) bedroom JIG ~;/ 1833 248
245 :7t~ -Itlv-ttlt"> a teacher
?7'G -i!;/ 249
246 ~~ ~ A., L- '\" car wash
~&G
J} -i!;/ 270
247 ~~ -It Iv -r-::;) pig-iron

fJT W 'l;/ 1502
248 If~ L..1v.s:1v newspaper
~_,_
*JT Y';/ 1503
249 M7J< L..1v-t1..r.. fuel and water _.Iz:::.
1p :/s'/ 433
254 :stili ;;,. A., L...t 5 a sentence (of writing)
:rr..~ :/3?
!l!/ 17lS
255 ~~ D-.t5L...r? commendation
~¥ :/39 1297
256 [t'i=f L...t:;C Japanese sliding paper windows 11111 'l:>.? 128
257 ;;$: ,~i f9: A., l., ~ 5 name of Japan's main island
Hi'! Y'::>-?
;k:klJtl Q < jt:1..r.. L...." the 6 continents
258 :> 44

REMEMBERING THE KANJT n

PORSGROUPS

45

259

retort; repartee

1~U

975

1432

268

aspect; facet

~I± ;J 9 321
260 .tI::::k -t- ~ if'",> grandeur; magnificence
-H-
>I± ;J t/ 322
261 Ill] 3ft ""'-:::>-t-5 resort; villa
~ ;J t/ 2138 398
262 mril,t b<-t-~ dress; attire 1~ :9-1 1099 1005
269 ?iC1\ c57't.1.r> taking turns; exchange
~ :9--1 1007
270 f.t~ itl.r>! loan; lending
~
~ :9--1 1006
271 Jil~ l>.9>,itl.r> mail pouch; mailbag ~~13 :; t/ 1565,2088 209
263 ~~ -t? rtA, consultation
7i'§
j t.:I~ :J t/ 2090 609
264 ~~,i0 L--t, thought; thinking
;f,~ :J \II 426
265 Wt.i!f -t 5 J;)!1.r> frost damage

~Ij :;P 88
266 IXJtIJ tifi.,..7c < foul; infraction
i~ll :JP 149
267 illl] :Ii -t-<!:l.t? surveying; fathoming '\ 1020
----1
272 EJ32:.Vi L. J :lo~,?,",\.(:1 A, B, C (old enumeration)
if~ ----1 1021
273 ~~ :lo~ J ,",I/> arrogance
m ----1 1158 1682
274 ~~ L-:::>"""':'v. illness '.:±:- fi
JB!, .:1:.:/ 56 402
275 1)<:& x.lt">:tfi., eternity
fII .:I:.Y 585
276 N!1iI -rv.x.,z, (Japanese) garden 46

REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT

PURE GROUPS

47

403

644

277

wild monkey

286

obliteration

EB t:.'.13 ? 234
278 ;m!m L..1!l>V:.t~ seeds and seedlings
fBi 1:::" 3 ? 670
279 ~:tIii "'(1v'(fJ:? a sketch; profile
~B3 t:.' 3 ? 244
280 ~300 ~v.V:,t I) pet cat I::::.J
S :/ 455
287 ~la' .J:;L- the gist; essentials
f§' :/ 659
288 mm. L.c? guidance
~i3 '/ 456
289 ~~1tJ5 L..f~ ? fat ~
~'<. j) 1853 541
281 ~~ tJ. -c v. a horne
i;$. 7J 542
282 ~!@-t.b -c AAJ> lay the blame (on someone)
ti iJ 893
283 ~ffj.IJ iI> c ? operation (of a factory); work ili~ ~ ;f-:3? 1265
290 itB:~ ii' It"> ~ J: ; straits; sound; channel
1;Jt '\'3? 1266
291 {liii~ .......... A.,t!X? narrow-minded
m ;f-:3'/ 267
292 * ~ ~J:~Hf~ catch in a cross-fire * --,<,/ 2166 217
284 m:~Oi: .:t:1'? plain; coarse
~*- -q,/ 218
285 ~~ f151'? bubbles; foam tit fi:.
M ~3? 429
293 ~:m -C?~.l:? iron bridge
~.=;J:. 4"3'/ 1221
raJ
294 ?\fEE ~!.?-l:tlt"> reform; correction 48

REMEMBERING 'THE KANn II

PURE GRO'UPS

49

430

Jffi }l-;J 1060
302 i!!Jm icv.<'? boredom
iJffi P'Y 1061
303 tUm '2:v.('? working a mine; mining 295

affable; charming

Having completed the larger of the "pure groups," we now come to the more difficult: those with only 2 kanji. Despite the fact that the groups are small, learning them by means of their signal primitives will come in useful later, once you have left the confines of the general-use kanji. That is to say, many of the signal primitives we are learning here are not restricted to the characters we treat.

-Ihb hb ~3? 872
304 w..1J ~ .J: ? 9 J: ( cooperation
~ ~'3? 871
305 ~Jai"7.:> ~.t?i":t( to blackmail; threaten l~ Jk Q}l 1144
296 fiC~ ~6< record; annals
~3J< [;II) 2191 1371
297 ~W 6<L-.t5 verdigris; green rust -
JG jjy 992 S9
298 7f;13 iJi Iv t::. '? New Year's Day
-:Ej -jiy 61
JL.;.-,
299 iiJtli!il iJ; Iv e; stubborn; hardheaded *~ /tl;. ;J ? 1366
A~'
306 ~Ht -t";~v> sum total
~ 749
.Il:.J' ;J ?
307 FcJ~ E5-t"; alumni Jl ~ 29 1381
300 ~{ff]~ ~ 1J' -J;; < geometry
1* ~ 1382
301 ~il1 ~ ;0' v. opportunity o~ /§ '/3'/ 21
308 p~ $.: L...l: ; iJ' singing
EI 22
13E '/ '3 ?
309 7.1<.1'1. -Tv>L...t; crystal 597

310

a "ninja" spy

50

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

PURE GROUPS

51

==-y

598

1802

311

disapproval; denial

319

explosion

§ 7'"-1 55
'"
312 Jil.~ Ll.r>k? chastity; "honor"
1~ 7-1 981
313 rt3 jj ~V>LV> scouting s
§l rK'/ 18
320 ~~ V~? Vj,z.. adventure
~~ $'',7 408
321 IpillT ¥;f; t. hat; cap 1i. 7Y 52 190
314 t:Ji: Ie;, <bA.,L..,A., peace of heart
~ 7Y 214
315 ~~ ~1v7i:1.r> guiding; information 1* ~ ,j<'!1 1794
~ f;f < me
322 First person personal pronoun for boys and men.
t~ *,'P 1793
323 ~Wl ff < <:!"? dubbing to death iJG ,,~ '/ 994
316 ~~ tf-::><!I.r> felling trees; deforestation
ti~ /";1 1619
317 !*~ ti tr""? clique; faction 318

1045 1801

disclosure; uncovering

4IrE $!E 7" 1123 1175
J i \ \
324 ~*L £:h.v. discourtesy
- 7" 1774
325 • .g- );1t.v. (theatre) stage 326

1384

domestic animals

52

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

PURE GROUPS

53

1385

278

327

<J-9

1;;. < -c Iv "S storage battery cell

335

to direct; give guidance

J-' ?

t'gAl-r4> L-c 5

f~~ <J-,,'? 887
328 ~~ L-j:5i?.t; symbol
1~ 7-"g 888
.I~'
329 .!fn 1;;..t;(rf-::::> disciplinary action; punishment ,IE :19 1279
336 /fIE ..s-..7c < insufficiency
1JE :1/1 1280
337 {jfjft-j-b --t < L-Iv to promote; advance !jfjJ =j- " ? 52
330 Jli)j* i?J.?L-.l:< breakfast
il~ T3? 141
331 i1iiWl "i1v"S.t? high tide ~ jj 640
338 13 ~:lt L: iI! ego
~ jj 1476
339 Mfit ~ ii' starvation; famishing tn y? 1676
332 i3 !fjj.f!li CC;l,-I" automobile
1i1J I-'? 1678
333 $I100J 6;c; labor .3tfz:.
EI 7 1786
340 tif& ..s-f!~; dissemination
~ilE
1=113 7 1787
341 ~Ulf iI" < b a musical score 1737

277

62

334

the Japanese "way of tl ewers"

fL

1965

preface to a book

342

.fL 17IJ

54

REMEMBERING TIlE KANJI n

PUREOROUPS

55

343

2101

112

406

famous

sailing vessel

~ mt 1040
...... -1
344 1i~ iJ· -". ~ money; coin
~X
7i "'-1 1041
345 ~~ -". v-. .1J~ V> evil; abuse ~'f- ~
it ;];? 1563
352 a-s- f105t.''; suture; stitching
W~ '*? 1562
353 illIltloY< L ; flo ? lofty peak It l:: 21 447
.J:G~ t» 1J' ( comparison
346 The signal primitive must stand alone, nothing above or below it.
tlt 1::. 649
347 m4'-lJ u-ttlv criticism ~J3 ;j;.? 19
354 M~ ~~ ; .~. , friend; companion
l-LI
};JJ:I *? 774
355 11H~ f~ ; 1J'v> collapse xr t::. 1511
348 £Ijl.Jl.iHl. O-(-c:> obsequious; sneaky
fj¢ t::. 1512
349 ~.~ u- Jb v- an inscription on a monument;
an epitaph :1Z 1::. '" ? 1546
356 ~f& -j- )., U-.r.;-t"; to mount (a picture or hanging)
1* I::. '3 ? 1547
357 ±* clf.r.' sandbag; sumo ring 350

358

1095 company officer (of lower rank)

275

an inscription on a monument; an epitaph

56

REMEMBERING TI-lE KANJI II

359

solace; comfort

1096

fE c./>J? 1140 382
360 J;E~ G.t;'hlv family crest
1"L.
i£ ~5I9 383
361 ~ t.J:; a lock; counter for tablets (of
medicine) * 'l3;7 1585
362 ;w:!l!-rb t; J: ; l,...~ to board (a train, car)
*U :/ 3 ? 1586
363 ~~J lJ' t..t ; surplus; excess -
I~
.3Z. 'l.:>. 735
364 ~~Tb Gli!'vtA... to take an examination
t~ 'l,:L 736
365 f!,(:~ ~ .l: ; GIi!' a professor ~ i'Ti'5

366

1165 demand (opposite of "supply")

PURE GROUPS

57

1166

Confucianism

367

1Jt 'loo.7 2091,2207 877
368 ~$-t¢ G\9>~t- to be engaged in
$1]£ :/=--9 1338
369 tlI*flE-:rJ.> f_-;CIi!'; to pilot; manipulate ~ 'itA :/=? 309
llil!~ G~<-;J: ; principal of a private "cram
370 school"
";j~ -Y=>.? 310
;r.,
371 mtJt<l -l!\r.>J.:.~< ripeness; maturity ~ .J' = /' 67
372 "Pie] -;~;tl9>A., middle ten days of the month
713] -Y=--/, 809
373 fljJfE C<9>1v L martyr's death 1853

contradiction (literally: a lance which nothing can resist met with a shield which nothing

call penetrate)

374

58

REMEMBERING THE RAN] I IT

PURE GROUPS

59

1854

1346

375

cycle; rotation

*~

383

picture; painting

385

L'-.
:z::;;; s 382 75'2
~.iR ;t L.-t-> < salutations; a bow
The two kanji featured here and in the previous two frames are
unique among all those we will study in that each allows of the
384 same two readings.
.f./',..
ffir_ a: 383 1346
385 1fi;* ;(_ 1"1 Iv picture book J2!! 71, 'l='- ';I 1524
376 .®liB. C.:t t.~? description
111'-
IJ :/!>. ';I 1525
377 nm ~ C~? technology ~ tJ -1 449
378 ~1N< iJ> \Atr nothing at all
pj:b
Ei ::IJ-1 1309
379 r~~ 1;' '\t:> ~ ro;5 social class 11' j) -1 250
1¢ 1i"" J __ ;!P , iJ. V> mediation; intermediation
380 !::l
W :b-1 25.1
381 ift?J!. -tt 1:;, v. the world ±ll ~ iJ-1 400
388 ~;@ Pl. 5iJ' v. destruction; collapse
JI~ tJ-1 828
389 51!'~ c ~ "? iJ·\A reminiscences 382

accounts; accountant

752

384

1& j] -1 676
386 1llt {,' il'v. L..1v caution; carefulness
~ j] -1 677
387 ~ffl!! ~ it' I.r> machine; mechanism 390

j):/

~ ill!, -j"" .0 7J' Iv? 5

102

to pierce; penetrate

60

REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT

PURE. GROUI'S

61

627

1935

tl

391

custom; habit; convention

suffering; distress

i:~ ~ j]:;/ 1043
392 3I:~ i:. ; iJ'lv interchange; exchange
~ 'j}:;/ 1042
393 ;g~-tb l..-.t 5iJ>1v to recaU; reclaim ~J1J j1J .;(-1 1298
400 ~;-} -fl.t">.&:1v fairly; pretty much
~J! .;(-1 1290
401 ~1iU <D;-r~ the brains '.£2. Q
~ "bY 837
394 ~7t:-:tb n'IvVf Iv to reduce; resolve
~ iJ Y 836
395 {If$: t.lYllvil'lv cycle; rotation W ?t? 1839 1750
402 jtt~ j,'" Liv gold
tl ?t? 1751
403 t;UJf-:r b j," , tc.1v crossing (a street) Fa' j]:;/ 1580 1620
396 ~rdl L iJ' Iv time
AA j]:;/ 1621
397 tli11jt n> Iv 'It Iv simple; uncomplicated ~~ ~
. - 7-1 840
404 ~~ H"V>.C:( a dale; valley
1~'~
7-;." 7-1 1947
405 ;ill} C~ 17"1.t">i?1v hen eggs 2104

391

~lliJ

398

1934 head of state or government

406

to submit a proposal

62

REMEMBERING THE KANn II

PURE GROUPS

63

974

892

407

health protection; hygiene

415

manuscript; original draft

~ If/, 513
408 1/!:ff Irt/v"b.t.? prefectural office
tl"* IfY
Jl.!.;" 1394
409 !Illl:A 111v1.,.t 5 reward or prize (offered for
something) {~ ~ :::I ? 1639
416 :E~ j;~~i:.'j royalty; kings and princes
11* :::I? 1640
417 ~1'rn c: ? ffl; candidacy (for office) /=- ~
;<\ * 1736 1885
410 7E~\ L/v~ weather
1~ * 1886
411 i9.11[ ~ l~ locomotive =e!? ::1 '.7
JIU 488
418 j'l'U]lf I:?-\'> wasteland
'I~
JlL :::Ii) 624
419 ~ii1 ~,t5t? panic; alarm fJJ i :t-/' 2224 1577
412 1±l@J llO>?!1v go to work; show up at work
~
p!t :t-Y 1576
413 ~1U'JT!.f. ! /v-!J; "Best Wishes for a Happy New
L...tvtJ/v Year!" ~~ %!'< ::1:/
J 1.!J\ 1970
420 *Rlm~ e; .tv l.tv iI. V. social reunion; reception
~ :J:/ 1971
421 ~~ 11' v. i:.1v reopen a wasteland -L.=

I"EJ

414

307

high school

~

422

1288 the pith; main thing; bones

64

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

423

1757

1289

ludicrous; funny

~~ );J ? 1851
424 ~I'!~ L-Iv6~ bridegroom
nm a ? 1852
425 iiWlim tJ; -0 ? painting gallery j'j] m 9 ./ 1677
... ,"
426 ~lJ.J <Iv?:.? distinguished service
ii 1681
... jI ~ , Py
427 '§1 (JvJP.; light, balmy breeze; zephyr !P ~ ... ' 9 1395
428 jgt:p-th ""-A,~{>< to return something borrowed
11*fJ ""-1'9 2238 1396
429 JII;p:<j>: ~ ~ < ~11v script; screenplay 430

one's native place; home territory

1849

2133

PORE GROUPS

65

1850

influence

431

:l:j! u ~39
Jl'. 2007 484
432 J;1!~ ~ .t , ;0' If:> boundary
wi ~3? 483
433 ~.g. ~J:?fi.1f:> mirror-stand; dresser tf i 829
~;/
434 ~ti ;0; :J: Iv patience; tolerance
,
{~ ~::/ 830
435 tliiil :J: Iv tJ; comics
$- I3jj ;-,/ 1562 20
436 IDI,gI'l .tt -:>.¥:J V> explanation
13}3 ;-,/ 1450
.rm,
437 jljj~ c?.I61.fl association; alliance 1834

?:.(Jrlv

people (of a country)

438

66

REMEMBERING THE KANJlll

439

1835

peaceful sleep

9-)( ;:f.;/ 964 241
JD'
440 ~M -C1vtJ.1v natural (as opposed to artificial)
**- ;;f.;/ 510
441 PJ~~ il' tllv -ft V> combustibility M IIif. v~ 213
442 !li!:f! v'lvtt ~ one's 60th birthday
If! v:\" 376
443 ~~ ntL.. history as / ? 2014
$'i
444 £Jt$tJt CD 'j j), -:J z " agricultural school
~rIil 2015
J.l5( /9'
445 ~~ CD;i:.; thickness; density 446

1098

prohibition

PURE GROUPS

67

447

magnanimity

1099

N-! 1'1 1282
448 flit}Et& iI~-:::>..:t?3 runway (for airplanes)
>§P- o 2079
fi!'l§- 1283
449 W1!t bi:.~ frank; plain 7fU :71 679
450 !EJflJ L..!1 V> death penalty
fI:Jj 71 680
451 fl{~ !rflvl'tv> a model; prototype '1;R ~:;I n03
.?J'
452 I'~ I'tv><!-:::> police
t~ ~:;I 1104
453 f,tjli~ ;!;<!? friction: chafing 697

both sides

454

68

REMEMBERING THE KANJI. n

PURE GROUPS

69

a mulberry farm or orchard

~

455

698

~~*

463

1340

to conclude (a contract)

* ?-1 415
456 ~~ "bkl/:> (geographical) zone
1* 1'-1 416
457 '$~ it I/> iJ· freight congestion _____.__
=t 7'"-1
'J 311
464 *l$ .!7.t;LI/> Japanese-style restaurant
i~ 5""-1 977
465 f.!;li -C0L. suspension; ban ~ -'G ?jt 1916
458 I3~ Git ( private residence
~£ 1'9 1917
459 ~tt:i'".o \I:> it < entrust; charge (someone with
something) 1fN j 7'"'/ 886
466 ft'(1l-:r.o L'?LI/> to be thorough
11& 7'"')) 760
467 . 11lUEl-r .0 "L '? 7;, \I:> to revoke; withdraw 435

JJf_ r 1019,2111 1194
£If. tl'?c to be banned
The readings of both characters belong to the official list, but
468 are not the most common readings. Be sure to pay attention to
their more ordinary readings.
~li ~ 1195
469 ~M ct.; a passage; (sailing) voyage t=l
.=E 7-1 262
460 ~_¥:-t,Q -1:-;LI/> send (something) as a gift
fIE 7'"-1 894
461 ~13t "LI/>E extent; degree empire

m

470

1157

abruptly; all of a sudden

70

REMEMB8UNGTHE KANJI IT

PURE GROUPS

71

1158

791

471

sugar

~
Ja '} ? 1630
472 ~J.!lI -t-5L warehc ise
~Ij '} ? 1631
473 EIJ31-.t b k5.z:5 creation '"J,

(~

479

melting

if ;:J..'7 616
480 illE!'t- ~5\"'~" gloom; melancholy
1~ "'-'7 993
481 11HI tiv-.~; an actor Bili I ru :3 '.I 1968
474 J%WJ) Jr Iv J. <j folk song
1ffr '3 ? 1967
475 !IlIJ~-Tb E'.t; to tremble; shake ~~( -/:>-'7 900
482 fktf; \"'~5~ the autumn season
~k v:>-7 901
JD'
483"- ~~ ~'L..J9l' gloom; melancholy ~ :3 7 1604
476 ~~ t.",.r5 demand (opposite of supply)
~ :3 ? 1605
477 ~lW .t 5 .s: the hips; waist area ~ ill ;b 2102 296
484 ~m ~> ~ summertime
~ -)J 617
485 ~!;; t-c. -/J:. an amount; a quantity 790

1035

478

contents

~

486

benevolence

72

REMEMBERING THE KANJI Il

PURE GROUPS

73

487

I) :I 7

2105

926

1335

j') l ~ L. J: < food provisions

to mend; repair

tzix .m 15
{jIlt 1) .".? 764
496 /i1ElIW .!JI}>~E~ a flow; flowing
1i± 1) :L 7 763
:IlL
497 fME* j')1}>~<bA..t ammonium sulfate ~ '/7 1646 1976
488 ii1 -1:'5 an elephant
1* :.l ry 1977
489 ~{j; -'t5-t'~ imagination; fantasy Yi& f7 850
490 Mt~ -t' 5 L..-.t a library; collection of books
lli -r 7 851
491 IC,,~ LA..t-t'~ the heart (organ)

ill ,/c;.:!1 995
492 mfB L..-I}>(tt( room and board
~,.,....
if.fEi ,/o>.:? 1336
493 ~+-t,; L..-I}><L..-.t~ to shrink ~ "lty 1720
498 ~:tro ~ .fviJ' participation
'1* -l}-y 2084 1721
~
499<- ~,~ (}~A..t distress; wretchedness tfflj -k.-j' 418
500 fllllLl. -Itlr>c a system
*U -t!-j' 419
~
501 ~Iflt -It Ir> iJ' shoemaking s

.m..

494

*

502

133

a natural spring

177

1) :I '7

-t- < !? J: 5 surveying; measurement

74

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

PURE GROUPS

75

1339

43

railroad tracks

511

t J: 5 \.....t? rise; ascent

~ y .. ? 557
J I'"
512 ~ll* \"",t;-t"; fretting; irritability
;Pi¥, "/ .. ? 558
513 *:rut\ "/);!V L J: ? (offshore) reef -IJJ -l!:'Y 2096 85
504 Uti] L-Iv-tt-:? kind
~ ~':l 1322
505 GillR -It-::>\....~ theft

~t "/+ 1249
506 :/i!l:!J<J i~; L-"I" radiation; emission
~~j y+ 1250
507 mi:tL L-"I":h.1.r> an honorarium

/tl. *'? 496
508 1.iut ~~; L-~ radiation; emission
{lit *? 979
509 tl{Jtl: -I" J., t f~; to copy; imitate 1"-'
-J ';.; .. ? 731
514 ~!f[ L-.t; ("Iv a shogun
~ :/ .. ? 732
SIS. ~$1?i L- ;t ; "/); < a scholarship
~Iv ~ :/.". 1.115 186
516 ~~ t'1 L ~ conservatism
a~ Y=>. 243
517 ~w, t. ~.9 ,t ; hunting 510

-7+

Y's?

It> -::;. L- l; one (sake) measure

42

518

615

thanks; gratitude

76

REMEMBERING TIlE KANJ1 II

PURE GROUPS

77

519

1flJ

527

631

980

to swoon; faint

regrettable

M ::I 1083
520 ~ffl LX:;' employing; employment
i,W ::I 1084
521 ii'i r,,~ (:~Jv advisor :z 1/;/ 1383
528 ~I~ H' lviJ>1v front door; main entrance
5~ Jjy 1386
529 JE5t ~v.VfIv sine (of an angle) Jr.!:::. jJt
~ c> 1375
522 ~~1ej! L i;;\.1> {[ Iv ultraviolet rays
mit '/ 563
523 lill f.I11 \....~ :;, males and females tIL JL =\'" 210
530 :t1Ll: ~ G.I: ? atop one's desk
~JL ~ 1475
j31 ~Jl1ll ~ ;0; starvation _,__ ~-
.tp -f- :J'Y 1025
524 ~~ -1:"'? ~ t . t ? graduation (from school)
~ './'/ 1680 1737
525 ~% -t"?~/v pioneer; forerunner %;'Z
;r; 't-1 1102
532 E]~ \.... C; It"> a priest; ritual celebrant
ri~ 't1" 1296
533 I$l~ t..<C;v. international
, 526

secret

775

755

absolutely; (not) at all

78

REMEMBERING TI"lE KANJI II

776

Chapter 3 One-Time Chinese Readings

535

honey comb

% .x: 254
'" r '.7
536 ~$~ ~!vt.c? pyramid; monumental work
1*
~ 1- '.7 2121 646
I=l
537 ** C?l:.J:? boarding (a vessel) The characters brought together in this chapter should be learned well before passing on to the rest of the book. Knowing them will remove another obstacle from the long road that lies ahead.

This collection of "one-time" readings sifts out all the on-yomi that are not homonyms, at least not in the confines of the kanji on which this book is based. We have already learned 5 of these readings in Chapter 1:

t!± = t $ " .jV1\ = _;t,

This means that the sounds -\! , A :/ , _;f' ,3< ,and", will not appear elsewhere in these pages as a reading for any kanji. The characters they belong to may, of course, take additional readings (see the cross-

<,/' reference numbers) and phonetic transformations may in fact yield the same sound in certain cases, but the sounds will not be assigned to any other characters as a standard reading. There are 42 more such onetime Chinese readings:

IT 7'Y 152
538 EEi§ ;b?Vf< oppression
* ""-1' 2021 919
539 *t;!!l "'""V>c< America
lJJj ""-'Y 90
540 ;ill] :a: "'-:::>--t:' villa; private retreat 80

REMEMBERING THE KANn II

t:fL M:;I 707
x..
541 IfHlt1".o L. ~ '? f~-::J to frequent; haunt; infest
E3 t::' 4' 9 89 37
542 ~a (:.«(1-'1"< black and white; good and bad
1i,.. 7-4' 1017 252
7K
543 a-.~ I:.?t.-'I" (black) tea
~ 7 1417 1240
544 ~T -r'L. disciple
ifu 7-1 1055
545 'IJB "ff.i' --C~-tv> dead drunk
fj 11'Y 547 13
546 =J'J ~ IvtJ;'? March.
}j -7':;1 546 13
547 =7J'J ~ Iv iJ' Vf ':? 3 months
~ :!fa? 256
~3i !~? ~. J: < precious stones; gems
Note how even though the same primitive element appears in
both kanji of this compound, it does not serve as a signal
548 primitive. ONE-TIME CHINESE READINGS

81

I,

~t *? 445
549 ~t. tii lit vl ... ::,7J, Ir> E. ? (name of a Japanese island)
B l::.4'? 38
550 =8 I'CO~( 200
J~ -1=\'" 356
551 ~lt t!X?Ir>t! precincts
lffi </? 762 1122
552 1!i~11 L.{>t..< wheel axis
~ YEP 775 2009
553 JffiIJ < ...::> t.:. J: < humiliation; disgrace
-::f= :Jf--r 878 320
1=1
554 "i5B ~bt:? lucky day
~ =\'"9 927
555 ~ ~ < chrysanthemum
7b ?7 1317
.::r::..
556 ~~ < 5 ~ the air; atmosphere
ttWJ -'E'Y 1013 1050
557 1to/m L..t<<I:.':? foodstuffs
~JK ~ 4' P 1856
558 j!J/w C?.;..~< artery 82

REMEMBERING THE KANn II

ONE-TIME CHINESE READINGS

83

~ .t-1' 834
~
559 T$ ""(v..;t.1.\,(:. politeness; courtesy; civility
WJt ;f.y 1516
I ~ .... "
560 AA<ffi- :tl -:::>1'1: V> the tropics
B ~T 12
561 -s \,(:.-;(Ie~ one day
~ ~? 1022
562 ¢:Iii (Ie < LA., blood relative
;f5 .:;."",? 1962 223
563 :t:*i 6~(Ie-l"< young and old
.P.K .:=.=7 1053
:milJi(~ '/':;I'[.t; diabetes
564 u: J: ;
~ ;d"'Y 71
EfIZ,p;j <: ; 1>~"'::J '" V> A, B, and C (the traditional
565 Japanese way of enumerating)
1$ ~T 874 874
566 ~~ J? -; ~. honesty; integrity
1J 9~ 1104 858
567 ,~:t.J (I""!!J ~ horsepower ~ I) P 1513
568 ~J:: .!J ( r, J:. ; on shore
m -E'J- 1049
~A "y 901 1820
ilfIfJ
569 10~ ~?61v (line of) argument
ala- I) 4( P 1358 293
570 ~ll'Ef J?~<C: an abbreviation
tfJ ,,/~'Y 2040 767
571 1±l!WJ-t.o L- 19> -.::d~: Jv go to work; show up at work
Ji !'-'Y 552
572 ltA tc?CJv an expert
~,~ 9 l' 80
573 JIR flfi-j- .0 L-\lb5bv.. to accept a bribe
~ ~ 1024
574 mil!; .:!-tt~ a seat
jHt -tf'Y 2042 562
*
575 ~3± .:!-::>L- magazine
D<r
S ~ 1487 388
:n::
576 :I!: ~~ -ItO by all means; at any cost 84

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

tl,i -li-1 1393 895
577 ~.4i -1:fv>~fv taxes
H '/7 1856 684
578 1*:ff: V'l. -t' fv preservation; conserva tion
~FrX; l 'Y 365
579 ~L w_) -::) 1"£ :5 downfall; destruction Chapterd

Characters with No Chinese Readings

The 86 kanji that make up this chapter are presented more for recognition than for memorization. As the title indicates, their common point is that they are assigned no Chinese reading in this book 1n the case of those that belong to the general-use kanji, this means that no reading has been assigned them in the official list, though many of them do have traditional readings. In the case of those that fall outside the general-use list, it means that none of their readings is useful enough to bear [earning at this stage.

Look over this list carefully before you go on to the next chapter, making sure that you recognize all the characters. In some cases, you will no doubt recognize signal primitives used in Chapter 2. Here, of course, the primitives do not functionat all.

The cross-reference numbers given in bold print under the number of the kanji refer only to the frame in Vol. I in which each character first appeared.

Finally, you will notice that 5 of the kanji have numbers followed by an. "3,." This sets them off as home-made kanji or ~ * (t. < t.) which Japanese did Dot inherit from Chinese.

EI Jill - 0 §
s EL /'\ -""
580 581 582 583 584
25 27 32 53 54
~ ML /5 ±~ is
585 586 587 588 589
60 66 110 153 154 86

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

CHARACT'ERS wITH No CHINESE. READING

87

iffi ~! fS W f~
589a 590 591 591a 592
166 176 199 200 201
fM ~ 1* --++- :i±
~k
593 594 595 596 596a
202 203 222 242 279
,
$9t ~i ~ Z -H-
"'jJ(
597 598 599 600 601
410 437 444 462 472
I
tv] ffiI 1* El $
~
602 603 604 605 606
514 520 537 578 603
~J t& Y.. J1\ UJ_:b.
~
607 608 609 610 610a
674 690 696 727 773
b-W !iJtfr i6 tzll 00
~
611 612 612a 613 614
777 778 780 849 870 :j£ f!E ~f"'"" {B ~
§
615 616 617 618 619
939 94(1 942 953 1017
!yg_ E ~ ~ j~
620 621 622 623 624
1027 1031 1039 1062 1064
JS !iJij] it Z i~
625 626 627 628 629
tHO IUS 1190 1216 1263
.~ fCl rEP @ Jill
*
'S=:.. I ,_.
630 631 632 633 634
1323 1369 1397 1427 1447
I
~N :l:3f AI] ;ftf ~
635 636 637 638 639
1471 1486 1488 1498 1517
~ '3::: tlf * t~
~~
640 641 642 643 644
1519 1545 1569 1609 1614 88

REMEMBERING THE KANJI 11

-H- ~~} ;f~ ~ !EX
r
645 646 647 648 649
1655 1666 1713 1716 1728
1m j;~ ,~ f~~ ifD-
650 651 652 653 654
1838 1943 1945 1946 1950
rud ;~ ~ A~ ~
f':It:.
, i 10 "- ......
655 656 657 658 659
1961 1979 1995 2003 2006
P3C _§_ j~ II: .!JP
660 661 662 663 664
2018 2034 2039 2040 2041
B
665
2042 Chapter 5 Semi-Pure Groups

The kanji treated in this chapter differ from those of Chapter 2 only in one significant detail: the signal primitive bears a uniform reading for all but one of the characters in which it appears. Here again, secondary or tertiary readings for the kanji do not necessarily follow the rule. The point is only that one of the assigned readings of the character is not affected at aLI by the "semi-pure" group to which it belongs by virtue of its signal primitive.

By way of example, let us take a group of 5 kanji, the first 4 of which show a common reading based on the lead character which serves as a signal primitive for the others:

~ y 1619 471
666 ?t.~VC l.,teV> gradually; little by little
* 'l 474
667 ~~ L.~v. posture; position
jt "/ 473
668 ~* L-f11v capital; funds
gt ";/ 475
669 Mlr,,~ L-~Iv inquiry There is one more kanji in the list of those treated in this book that bears the same signa! primitive 'but a completely unrelated reading. This character characterizes the group as "semi-pure":

90

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

SEMI-PURE GROUPS

91

1451

I 13 -/, .. '1 86
,677 ;g~ L...t ? iJ,/V a summons
BB -/, .. '1 87
!IB il'D L.t?v (name of Japan's current era,
678 1926 to the present)
B~ Y3'1 170
~' II ;, '\
679 fRl.1!J'l L...t ; U)~ illumination; lighting
tB '/3 '1 650
680 ~tH~"1" ~ L...t;-1t0 to invite
~7J -/,.,'1 1359
J'
681 *Bfl'"1"~ L.. .t .5 ;0. V"> to introduce; present
"'ii5 y .. ? 137
682 WHg t L.. J; ? lakes and marshes
fEn -/'EI ? 342
1=10
683 §~E i!J: L J:? L...r an imperial rescript or edict
~ =rEi? 385
684 jI§1l@ -; .I: ; -/;. excess 670

larceny; theft

In some of these groups, the exceptional reading has already been learned in one of the previous chapters. In other cases a new reading has to be learned. To facilitate recognition of the odd character, the frame shall be slightly indented, These groups may be as large as 8 kanji and as small as 3. As we did in Chapter 2, we begin with the larger groups first.

__,_
'3i:., =''1 1275
671 :f±)1: L.. .... t; social life; social izing
t~ =' ? 1278
672 'I3'l:ro: 1:.. , ;0. schoo! song
~j] ::J ? 1276
673 ;l:jJ:1J 1:..59.1:< efficacy; validity
~B =''1 1844
674 Jmji. 1:.. .5 ;0; V> (outlying) suburbs
*t-
~ ::I ? 1348
675 ~~ L;<!? death by strangulation
'X j) f7 1277
676 l±~ o iJ· < comparison v-1

tL V> ~ J:? young lady

1401

92

REMEMBERING THE KANJJ II

SEMI-PURE GROUPS

93

<t v1 1404
686 Iii" 1'P nl.t>~~( refrigeration; cooling
~ 1/1 1402
-
687 ~~ nV>L- 12:00 (noon or midnight)
n 1/1 1884 1406
688 m~ -clvnv.. an electric bell
ftg#- 1/1 1403
689 ~!Iifi c5nl.t> advanced age
C§" I)
11"" 3 7 1405
690 ~Ji± .!J J: :5 E territory; dominion at

695

1141

fraud; swindle

fp 'f -lj- .11 2039 1142
691 fl=Jt C!(~1v (written) composition
a'F +)"11 1140
692 IYF~ ~(tllv last year
~ -!T1I 1434
693 ~~ c!(c";/v acetic acid
=W- +)"11 1324
694 ~1IR c";( L..~ to exploit; put the squeeze on £ 1!i
7';;:;' rr-: 231
696 ~±!h I!: "b cemetery
~ *'f 232
697 11»;~ -tt V> 1"5: end-of-the-year present
tl >t-' 2002 229
698 ;mtt<! ~ ~! scale; size
* ,r- 861
699 ~1l fg:L..~' recruiting
~ ;t:- 633
700 ,~~ L..v! longing; yearning
H~ ~!/ 233
701 Ml::t'\iV "i ( 0J:? filmy; like a membrane
if -'~ 9 '""<11 409
~Ff.f !r!(.b. Shogunate government
702 fffl.:wJ; ;0. V> 1: ( curtain-raising
... -f-l-
l~ -"9 230
703 ~~ lrt(~1v vague 94

REMEMBERiNG THE KANJI II

SEMI-PURE GROUPS

95

The former group was included to demonstrate how more than one reading can be given for the exception in the semi-pure group. Strictly speaking the group belongs to Chapter 7.

ni 7? 464
712 ~J~ < ~Lb. < empty stomach
rI 7? 1611
713 moo ..s-,<lrblv mask; disguise
JfI 1) 1057
714 ~1ll!l !Jtt~ one's personal history !=t ~-1 982,1281 1555
704 ~(:E -Itlv-itv. teacher
t':t -1.!:-1 1283 1558
70S :9.:ffl: GJ:-1tv. Woman
~ *-1 1284 1556
706 !I~ -It V> c;- a "sign" of the zodiac
~i *-1 1282 1557
707 i&<t -t!"v>16v. one's full name
f! ~1 1286 1559
708 ~4i ~. -It \A sacrifice
~ ~=-' 1285 1560
709 'ffw l!t ..s-,.~?~A." real estate :9=-' 30
-
715 7E.Ei iJ' Adc.1v New Year's Day
ijE :9/' 31
716 ;k!ffi "/f.V>.tr..1v bold; daring
i8 :9/' 668
717 m~ *- A." iJ' a stretcher
i@i flo/' 2148 587
±:m~ Eitlvt!. place of execution
718 Note the mixture of on and kun readings.
~ 7=9 1075
719 ~~ i?1IJ>?L.l( lunch; noon meal 1i '!1 7? 875
710 @l~ ..s-, < L.!!Jl ? review (of one's lessons)
1~ 7:9 465
711 :m~ ~<~"? complicated m3t I

720 ~~

2230

1360

experience

96

REMEMBERING THE KANn IJ

!f:£

721

74 717
1~1t (!tV> L.,J: < snack; light meal
74 715
1f% iJ, vt V> flowering stem
74 882
~~ V1V>.6 route; course
#4 716
*i[!_ ~ t- ::6' In strange; weird 722

1.£

723

'I:i

724

~ "'/ 3 ? 114
725 ~ 1fJ<iiill L ... 5-t'5 a portrait (painting)
iJi
rW "'/ '3 ? 144
726 m1t L..t 5 Xl' digestion
~¥4 '"'/ :I ? 115
727 MtI. L..t ?X.A, gunpowder smoke
W s> '3 ? 189
728 ~~ 'l? L.J: ; all through the night
~Ij 7tP 118
729 ~Ij~ ~ < H'1v reduction; curtailment In the following group of characters, the signal primitive is immediately evident as the first member of the group. Be careful to note that earlier (Frames 444-445) this same signal primitive was itself part of another signal primitive. with an entirely different reading,

~ "'/;/ 2008
~:m L.1v L \It> < place of a star in the traditional
730 Japanese zodiac
~ "'/;/ 2010
. .
731 ~iItb LivE; quake; shock
~ "'/;/ 2012
732 (8:~ (itA., L.1v pregnancy
t~ v·;/ 2011
733 =~. (,;IvLIv 3 strikes (in baseball)
'"
~ "'/;/ 2013
t::l
734 n )g L 5 L.A., lips; labia
~ 'laP 553 2009
735 J!B~ ( ::J L:..t < humiliation; disgrace
¥ ;>;4 1582
736 m~ vtlvTV> chinning (exercises)
~l ;>;1 1583
737 1I!m: -t"v>4-;v sleep 97

98

RSMEMBEIUNG THE KANJ! IT

99

~ ;<-1 1584
738 IWJ~ f!5i'"1.r> spindle
¥B .:L ::>
1847
fID\:~ z '5 ( 5
739 jL\'1f rtlJ ; UIv air mail ~ X ~-1 397
740 ~m -.;!i.r>f15 sewing; needlework
JJt -iJ"1 359
I 6eilii: ~ <!I.r> mention (in the press)
741
~ ;t-1 358
742 ~~T~ <!i.r>t;rl.r> to grow; cultivate I
iBk~ -I!. .;/ 1790
743 tf1.m -tt1v1r.> fiber; textiles I

1m ·tIl "J) ;/ 572
752 tlli!~ ii' Iv <!? observation
tb tJ ;/ 864
WJ~ tJ· Iv L, .t ; encouragement; stimulation
753
it tJ ;/ 570
754 x~ z ; tJ'.lv exchange of courtesies
ti 7;/ ?":/ 5'71
t-«%U if)" Iv:!? rights
;j;ffi:m, t:lvliflv avatar
755 m B 1090
UI '7 5'
744 ~M b( L- (social) welfare
I
MU '7 5' 89
~IJ~ b( L adverb
745
ijlo '75' 407
E8
746 ~@l1 'lt1vS-( fu II extent; all 100

REMEMBERING THE KANn II

SEMI-PURE GROUPS

101

=* ~ 216
756 *~ Jr"b unknown
f9K ~ 219
757 ~~ ~(.;. spices; seasoning
fi :: 202,3
758 Jlt jJ J;-!?.t( fascination; charm
fr* -'<'1 220
759 ~~ ~.:t V> (younger) sister-in-law 1:4::
~ ............. -i!:~ 1543
765 m~ -1!~1!'1v accumulation of good deeds
~~
~ -k~ 1542
766 iiJt,jtt -1!'-""-lit~ results; showing
{=£
ffiI. 1t1 1544
767 ~{~ C:,;;1.r> public bonds =* tJ 1121
760 :;\'f!:rJ· 7;. t. \9> , fruit juice
~* tJ 1123
761 Ml~ 7;. 'b .t , section head
* iJ 552 1122
762 ;if 7;, L confectionery
r<f ;; 1124
763 ~~ ~L-Iv naked body }IJ v';/ 812
768 'IJ 1\i tL'?L.~ a train
~Ij v';/ 814
J \ \"
769 .tI: r,f1 -t"'tL-.? heroic; sublime
~ v:>' 813
770 7t~ £Iv:h.? dissolution; disruption
13~ v-1' 972
771 17U9'i- tL'-"" iJi'-"" an exception ~

~

764

1541

Bt n1ii. t, 9 1211
772 lit;$: c_ 5 f11v transcript; certified copy
ijt I' ? 1989
773 #Ilftt b'?c? boiling responsibility

102

REMEMBERING TIrE KANJlII

SEMI-PURE GROUPS

103

]i ~ 9 1210
:Q;llf! iJ>?c:? feud; discord
The first character was not treated in Vol. 1, but the exemplary
compound given above is useful to know. When the phonetic
774 group to which thiscnaracter belongs appears again ill Chapter 7
(Frames 121O]f)yolt will see how easy it is to learn.
~* :/s? U09
775 1l?J 5fIJ l..-x , .!I victory ffi .:L/' 1417
782 7f!4~ x..,z,-c,z, smooth; fair (offace)
ij9'[ '7/' 1418
783 IDii:IJ b,z,.!I .t ( brute, physical strength 1~ ~ f7? 1955
776 fJ111~ (.;-t'; idok image
~ !Y? 1956
777 ~illi -t";("; encounter
~~ !Y? 1958
778 -[lIIj V">"b <- ? one corner
~ !I 1957
779 J!l.1m ("-; grumbling ~ "}J 1904
784 7fJ}t iJ! t.:..t , stronghold (of conservatism)
5f "ff 1905
785 ~¥ ti ?iJ; germination; sprout
~ 71 1907
786 fl%t l&J> , iJi. graceful
-!f~ -;/-1' 1906
787 $51 r.. ~-:1: intrusion rrI 7r!. .:L/' 1419
780 1'W?li ~ • .t x_,z, Emperor's Garden
7(1
, c..., .:LY 1420
781 f'c\1lj'll ;t,z,-ltV"> complaint; grudging JJD tJ 25 867
788 :tWA ii' it( 19> , admission; subscription
Xli:! j]
'71": 869
789 *~ ii' < ? fiction; make-believe
711:1
" jJ 868
790 .m:ffl4S< l..- ~ < iJl iI'V"> commemorative celebration 104

REMEMBERING THE KANJl IT

SEMI-PORE GROUPS

105

I]lI :::l 580
~~ 7,):/v i:. stubborn; persistent
791
flf!] :::l 973
792 mlA etA, an individual
~ 71 2029
\r'> -:::> 7,),
-~A Vf? one month
This character is commonly abbreviated to a form resembling
the katakana 7, as in Frame 547 which uses the same exem-
793 plary compound with the more usual writing. 1575

799

an iron bar

~:Iw] rMJ :::l? 1963
794 m'ilJ t.?9J:~ general plan; main points
~~ :::l9 1962
795 I m~ t.;L? steel
IOOJU :J'? 1964
796 Ii'!U 1l!l!:1i. ?:: ; !1 A.- strong; robust 1It§t "" ..... y 1871
-~ \r'>-:::>I'tlv general; average
800
1~ / ..... ::/ 1873
:i1f!tffi ? Iv I'"! A.- conveyance; transport
801
f.Jft _,., /' 1872
..z:m:
802 p:jfi(t x.lvr!1v disc; discus $ *9 2120 1573
797 ~H± ;1; L- service
{' *9 1574
798 &":Fw tlAAY? annual salary ~ 4::9 50 1913
=IS$' t ;b blanket
803
*t 4::9 2165 1914
804 m:tt-t~ L-J:?~; to consume; exhaust
~ I::" 1915
805 ~D-T.Q (ft.? to tail; follow ~ *-'9 1759
806 ~* f~? L- Mr. X; a certain person
ttt rl'9 2087 1760
807 ~~ i.(:.lvi~ ? conspiracy; plot 106

REMEMBERING TflEKANn II

SBMI-PURE GROUPS

107

1761

{_ij:

817

#31/

~ OOi'" ~ ~'.t ~ e,

1412

808

mediation

to congeal; coagulate

t~JG 711 1482
809 ~~ :6; \t"\ tllv concept; general notion
JI~l ji -1 1483
810 IIJt~ ~ 1v;6; \t"\ indignation; resentment
teE ~ 1481
811 wt~ ~-ttv. manufactured; ready-made ;fp 7 405
818 ~;jfj ib?~ blanket
'111] 7 623
819 ~dffl t!! J: ~ J,. fear
:ffi- ~ 1489
820 *~ ~ ~~? hope

is ~ J:.:/
795
821 ra~ x.1v-it1v along a railway line
jV\. ;J::/
1=1 794
822 ~Hg X. Iv fJ' Iv lead pipe
Me- -~ :/ 1874
823 td~ ~A..,"bJ:5 (ship's) captain 1]{ 1/:/ 134
812 ~11fi: t.~H'A.., plateau
1mt 1/:/ 142
813 IM\~ !rf1v1t1v fountainhead; wellspring
J,t~ jj :/ 135
814 :t:D: -j- 6 L.tJ. Iv to enlist; volunteer for X 7 1564 838
824 7tA. ~tlv (married) lady
1jc 7 839
825 tI;;~ ~.); , support; maintenance b._7
R ¥ 1410
815 ~j{: J: ; t!!' suspicion
fl;~
~ ~ 1411
816 ~~ {, ~. imitation; sham 08

REMEMBERlNG TAE KANJI II

SEMI-PURE GROUPS

109

841

rule; regulation

826

a dispute

1154

835

f}l\ :;J 1879
836 IDU1l c:C'< loneliness; solitude
~N :;J 1878
837 p:J~ x.JVt. circular arc
]A jJ 1877
iffim- -.t it> ii' watermelon
The use of the first character is an example of what Japanese
calls ~ -r ¥ , a character chosen to accompany a reading
838 (hat does not strictly belong to it. Since (he exemplary com-
pound is a common word, it has been included here. -r.-t-
~ .:L-1 1741
827 ~~ X. \1'><:::: English language
S3c .:L-1 1742
828 !f9l;iiID X. lr> ;0; film; movie
* *'7 1740
829 *9<: 'bLj).>?;i.;~? center; central t: ::I? 739
830 ~~ t. , ~( broad sense (of a term)
~Jl: ::I? 741
831 ~tlJ t.?~/v a mine
In: iJP 740
832 ~* iI> < tc. 'v> expansion; enlargement =r
_Fl 1,;/ 56
839 r.' ~ -JtJV'v>/v sailor; member of the crew
cy;.
........ 1::1
sf! 1,;/ 1299 481
840 {ftm. j;~ /vV>JV a phoneme; vocal sound
:JJl :J,;/ 666
841 fjl$IC -z-JVL-? loss W -:)",17 1155
833 i')!ftv -ft'v>CJ:? purity
i¥- -:)317 82,1529 1540
834 TE>WK [,.t"#~< a vein 842

1769

payment of a bill

110

REMEMBERING THE KANJI n

SEMI-PURE GROUPS

111

:t~ 7J/' 1770
:!Ilf1; 7J'fv I(C_/V forgiveness; tolerance
843
~ -;; /' 1768
844 -t1r:t: CIvtt:1t'> enormous - ---...~ 1691
852 ~liW (jJ:" ........ ~ (personal) weakness; bad habit
'fW
J~ r:: 1501
853 1'OJl!t .s,. ii, (} unavoidable f=F p-/' 1163
845 *fW ttv> (Iv large crowd
f~ ?'/' 1843
~5~ <" fviJ. It'>. a county assembly
846
~ fJ/, 1162
847 jS± <1vL-~ a monarch 1~
,'6, ;;tj' 983
854 -ftlIJ II:> ~ :t" < A. Iv 100 million yen
'I'll:
}~~ ;;tfJ 632
855 ~t~ ~ ;b~ < memory (of something)
_.::n:..
,'is, -1 608
J'ij= 1'J1t'> preparation; arrange m en ts
856 ,l'!> m '/ 412
rtJ!! L-~l'J mayor
848
~$ '/ 413
849 !Iffi.~ ViII:> sisters
~m ~
." -1 414
850 Jli1J~ kl: V> (j .t , pulmonary disease ~l ~ tij' 701
857 trn~-'§ .; 11 iJ' < to seize- capture
ti j}j' 908
858 ~)l~ L- ~ , iJ, < the harvest
~ ::l 700
P:x
859 ~~ ~1 L protection; patronage ~

851

1.500

1106

1725

a mural

860

Minister of Education

112

REMEMBER1NG THE KANJI II

SEMI-PURE GROUPS

113

*~ "'1::;;/ 1727
861 :j'U;: l_., 'b,z, fingerprint
~t .?~ '';1-1 1726
lXX<} Vilvit1.n opposite
862 -)t-j 1.n??1.n a pair 4: :::J '7 1253
869 7tD' t.?L? filial duty; filial piety
@~ :::J '7 1430
870 ma z ~H~ yeast
~ ;f-3? 1254
871 tt~ ~ .t ? t::.!9> professor ~ :::J ? 694
863 9!~ t.;1:!:"1.n rebirth
11£ :::J? 695
864 M!:J;'f t. .5 ,-j. coin (solid money)
if I::';;/'''./' 991
OO{lr! ~;"(fJv post; mail
865 11: ;fiIJ """':'1v9 convenient *'
,/ -." 71 1391
872 *7'IJ (r-j"1.ntL? succession; order
f* 71 1392
873 1,tt$. (r-j"1r>-{-'5 dispute; contention
T* 'j ;;/ 1393
874 +~ l-t-Jv descendants 129 ;f-3'7 490
866 !XI ;!1; ~ .t .5 <h < fiendish; satanic
~~ ;f-s? 1491
867 B'lJlij c~.t; pluck; mettle
I1§I .~ 1492
868 IIlIEMl fJ !J < take off (e.g., an airplane) ~ i$!. 7./' 853
875 i=P~ 'S\!p;!11v mainstay; "backbone"
~ 852
~ 7Y
~~ ItJv16IA sagacious; wise
876
~)t ;f-Y 1374
*
877 jf,>Hfti ~Jv"bJ:.'5 tension; strain 114

REMBMBBRJNGT8EKAN.n II

SEMI-PURE GROUPS

115

± oV-'Y 554 320
:t:* h..t-:::> unlucky
878 '"
~± 343
ill=! oV-'Y
879 ~r,,~ ~"?1.1v cross-examination
*± J;":Y 1351
'1=1
880 ~1ii1ii vr"?61v conclusion (of an argument) *~ t ;;<.1 925
~A -r v- Giv romantic fellow; "man about
887 town"
jffi~ ;;<.1 1435
l1e~ ~e v>-j-0 plastered; stewed to the gills
888
~~ ~1 116
889 m-:o <';\r>-t:t~ rubble; macadam ~Ij jJ'Y 1553
881 t~;f~ iJ' -> ;f1. V> ci rcumclsion
~~ jJ'Y 1552
- D
882 iHijl; iJ, Iv iJ'"? j urisd iction
W ;Jj-f 1551
l=t
883 rnW -t-Iv 1J; V> damage eA b ? 1469
~W'e-t4> 05c( reading aloud or in public
890
~~ P? 1470
891 vUi 665 vagrancy; wandering
~ ~ "3 ? 46 1468
N.!l,' JJ .t ? L-Iv conscience
892 ~x J;"1 334
884 fiI1:~ 11 V> V> homage; respect
~ 336
1=1 J;"-1
885 tH~ vrlr><!? police
jf oV-39 1987
886 1fK~ ~J:'V> wonder; astonishment It liH I) "3 1996
J!i!:Di\ x..1v.!?.r sense of reserve
893
~ I) ., 1991
894 mHi f1!J 1 prisoner of war
It 7 1992
ftfM (J-J. skin
895 116

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

SEMI·PURE GROUPS

117

1L it 5 77
896 1.£;(5 ~i.9>? left and right; both sides
fii: ~. 952
897 *i1tr: f1 -;; assistant
II~ 11'- 629
898 'Iff~ tf_~ sluggishness ~ -1 ;/ 583
905 !Jj(~ VjA.,I.i>A,. source; cause
~1E1 -1 ;/ 584
906 ati@ LA.,I.i>A,. matrimony
I2SI ;t;/ 606
J'2J\
907 Mt~ L.. ~ j:,~ A., expression of gratitude 1!ffl riIi 1) ;/ 1821
899 ffii}]l~ 9A,.9:b;( ethics; mora] philosophy
~ 1) :y 1822
900 li~ t.":!?A., the Olympic Games
-?A
I1fffi 0;/ 569 1820
901 ~~ ~"bQA,. OfCOUTse 3l: -'./ 692
908 ~~ ;h.~L- history
1t -'./ 990
909 :kit tc.1.i>L- ambassador
~ ~ 693
910 ~9! iJ· A., J? government official ff: :f: =:y 1003
902 JttE -1:t 11 VC A., responsibility
*1 =;/ 507
903 (ttiQIf itClvL-A., pregnancy
-(.£-
~ :;!-;/ 1004
904 ~~ 5A.,-;A..r fare (for transportation) ~ -'./-t" 316
911 m1tf L- \§l < L-~ hostel; residence
:1* -'./-t" 655
912 I!ll* L- \§l L- ~ adoption or rejection
~m it- 61 18.39
m~ -rlvff a shop
913 Note how 2 signal primitives apply to the same kanji here. 118

REMEt.M:BERlNG THE KANJ J II

SEMI-PURE GROUPS

119

B: -/ 1828
914 Jl;;t 1.-6b1ro full name
*\L~ :/ 1829
915 ~Ifllf 1.- -r-, V> paper money
i;,fi ~ c> 1830
916 ~t~ c:JvIro/v matrimony I' • :/y 75
923 A~ L.fvt:? truth
t~ ,/y 630
924 ~Hl'i 1" .:b ~/vL-Jv to be penitent
~§
=. =j-Y 276
,...~
925 =EE i;;./v;b-.::J quelling (of a disturbance) 7E .-:; =-- ? 761
*mJE f~ GI9> ? supplement
917
illi-\ ~; ;:L '/
)L 762
918 ~rffi! 1:,19> '5 f1'5 fire arms
;t~ I' ? 1347
919 *~'ilJi: /t:l.r>c '5 !J .t '5 President .l±:. ::J!J 1021 247
Q
1t15 i:.5 e; < advertising
926
1mfi ~:? 1431
927 ~mi ~Jvc: < cruel
'H::. :/ '/
le.. 281
928 111;;& 1:. 5-f5 structure Jm lli ';l '/ 1830 1408
920 )(jEi L 5?'5 traffic
~ 'Y ? 1690
921 iljiM J,. < '?5 stomach ache
~m :3 ? 1409
922 ~Uflj x.t '5 dance; (Classical) dancing 131: it- "'-1 1030
929 1t!:JfI ..-.....I.r>l '5 joint use
tffi "'-., 1056
930 lDf "-v"> fence
it:K \::"y 1032
931 :rem tJ'li/v flower vase 120

REMEMBBRING THE KANn II

We conclude this chapter with three characters related by a common primitive element but sharing Chinese pronunciations unevenly.

~ ~ "/~ 482
932 ~.~ t:> 1..- ~ knowledge; intelligence
~~ "/3!J 824
933 Jfrejl. L...t (\.t'>t<v an employee
*~ ,,/~. "/39 1334
£El~ .:t t. ~ organization; formation
934 ~;jj 1..-.t.?~ loom Chapter 6

Readings from Everyday Words

By the time you pick up this book, you will have already learned at least the rudiments of Japanese grammar and in the process have learned some of the most useful words of everyday spoken Japanese. Taking advantage of this fact. as well as the fact that you already know the meanings of all the characters treated here, you can enlarge your knowledge of the on-yomi by seeing how those everyday words in fact look when set to kanji.

Take for example the Japanese word for "doctor," which is \.il> L- ~ .

The two kanji with which it is written mean respectively "to doctor" and "someone." This allows us to add two new readings to those we already know:

~ -1 1694
935 ~:jj \.t'>.!;1 .t. ? medical care
~ "/'1'" 1360 1256
936 12i~ \.t'> L- ~ doctor The names of well known places can be used in much the same way, as in the following two frames:

1326

504

937

the northeast

122

REMEMBERING TI-lE KANJT II

READINGS F1~OM EVERYDAY WORDS

123

1822 Tokyo

2002

312

942

neat; clean; pretty

938

We can also make use of well-known company names or other popular proper names. FOI example, what student of Japanese has not thumbed through the dictionaries of Japan's foremost Japanese-English lexicographers, KenkyOsha? By learning what the name in fact means, you will have learned three more Chinese readings:

In still other cases, both readings of a known compound will be new. In this case, we will combine both kanji into a single frame, like this:

1Vf I,T/" 675
939 wt~ !It Ivil; < study; investigation
?:TI "",:cry
JC 1320
940 m~ I'"jlv~;9J1j research
1± .:,.- i' 1092
941 ~f± il0L.~ company iifn =I 1950 1398
j)J. / ..... ;/ 1939 1473
943 1ifIIfli t:tilv rice; meal; dinner With that, we may carry on for another 218 frames. Incidentally. if you find that you do not know a particular word chosen for the exemplary compound, you might as well take the trouble to learn it. After all, the words are common everyday words.

Without making any particular effort to keep these various sorts of "everyday words" separate from one another, let us see how far they take LlS into the second half of this book.

As before, readings and compounds that have appeared earlier will be drawn on as much as possible to lighten the burden, Occasionally, if only rarely, a common everyday word will lead us to a character that falls outside the compass of these pages. In such cases 'it is enough to learn the on-yomt being practiced without stopping to learn a new kanji and its reading. For example, the word for "neat" or "pretty," one of the first you learn in studying Japanese, is ~ ;h v>. It is made up of the character for "figured cloth" and that for "lovely." Normally, the word is not written in characters at all but since it is an easy way to learn the otherwise difficult reading of the latter kanji, restoring its original kanji writing is helpful:

IAJ 7-1 2007 1019
944 $~T6 <hA-1iv> to guide; give information
§ :J 964 36
7t 7';/ 1082,1139 781
945 §0- C~~Jv oneself
,
;L" V/ 595
946 *{.' ;!JJvl.,Jv peace of mind
.§P- r/
I=E!.. 535
~E 'J 1503 344
947 mffi5 -rlvv telephone 124

REMEMBERING THE KANJI n

READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

us

11 .... :: :,.....- 1909
r::r =1" ? 1242
7 ~~:tt~ --eA.-v telephone number
948 Ii A.- r: ,
st /~ y 1974
949 ~1fi1J~ r!A, c ViA.- supper
~ !/'y 2035 859
950 j5¥.f it: IV-tt V> a man; male
-t;:: :;/3 (3),2034,2162 98
3z.:¥.f \.:.x.-lt0 a woman; female
951
wn -.:.y 1975
~~ ~,,? 1608 1235
952 ~~ ""A..,~.t5 study
# -.:.y 742
*' ~ ? 1153
953 :#~ ""IV ~ 5 lunch (carry-along, picnic-style)
ti -t 1509 1596
954 mr:ef: 1"~",5 baseball
]j[ -/'1" 286
955 1tJli -e A.., L. ~~ (electric) train till 7- 1287,1004 515
~ ;:( 959 1180
956 :t&~ -;1' a map
ff1 11: y 1079 582
l~jB!l! fClvi:J housing development
957
T j) 1780 50
lj( 7')1 1376 846
958 it!lT~ -; 1J' -r '? subway; metro
~ r 956 1180
~ '/ a 327
1=1'
959 @"",fiE! J:: L. .1: IJ, Iv library
* pC1 1073 107
~ tiP 324
~
960 1::.~ tc: ""'iI; ( university
3t .;- " ? 691
961 *:t7i::. tc:\(:l \.:. J: oJ ..s; all right; okay As an exception, we include 3 kanji in the next frame, all of them no doubt very familiar to you already.

7} 7f-1 1622 111
00 :::J!/ 581
A 9/' 969 951
962 &tall}" ;&l:\(:l i: ( t:.1v a foreigner 126

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

127

*4 I) 3 9 1178
f£ I) 265
963 *'!-J1ll. !J,J:;!J cooking; food
EI Y 945 36
5!:k k'Y 440 241
;I'''\,
964 §t~ L--tttV nature
- -1"1-
966 1
965 -13 l.t>'E;.vc-s one day
-
-1 ';/ 965 1
*~ '/3 1367 1344
966 -#tf \,r">? L-.t together
1m '/ 4
967 If]~ L- iii"? April
-G Y"j- 7
968 -t:;}j L. -s ;ill? July
11 =\'-:>.'7 970 9
A. =;/ 962 951
969 -}LA ~19'5ltL/v 9 people
fL j' 969 9
a~ ~ 1436 159
970 ;lL~ < t: 9:00 + -;/:>.9 1156 10
~ oj' 6
/\
971 +~ 1;t!Jl?0< 16
-=f -l!:y (4) 40
pj ;r.y 1811
972 =rFG -ltA.,.:tA., ¥1,000
-:::f:-
13 1'7- 1567 457
Jj "'7;/ 64
973 ~7Jp:j \,r"> 'E;. '1 A., X. N 10,000.,..
~! ~y 1400 1459
/.- :::J9 1614,2234,2238 873
1J _fi ~·Ni:.5
974 bank
1* 1) 3 1048
975 YK1i !JJ:l:; a voyage; trip
)( j] 161
B~ 3 ? 576
;.idlilB :iJ>J:5rf Tuesday
976 The third k<Clllji in the compound takes a kun-yomi,
-4 -!f;>.'7 245
:¥L .;::. ."- '7 729
977 4~ ~-~5¥C~'5 milk (cow's)
1$:. If{;/ 1250 1449
978 1,t:~ ff Iv~ V:> dwarfed and potted plant 128

REMEMBERJNG THE KANJI II

READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

129

71<- x-'l 2169 130
979 7.k Rlil 8 -r1.r>.t'5rf Wednesday
* -'E:3' 195
*1!f.E1 t<.t?1'f Thursday
980
-9= ::::I' 568
1~ :::J" 1827 1379
981 ~~ LL afternoon
!£ :/99 704,1281 1555
_.6... ;;'-'1 2115 1400
IlP
982 -~II!fi-® 1.r>"::'L-.J:? with all one's might
J':t.£.~ I.r>
~~ l::. 1429 1632
It -:)or'7 1342 799
983 ~f 1j; t» C. .t '5 emergency; extraordinary
~ =\'-;/ 2032 269
4i!l¥i!i3 ~A,J;?U' Friday
984
LlI 1T;/ 768
985 ~±iJJ ..&,.\':'C;A, Mt. Fuji
* *;/ 211
,
13:$: VCf1A, Japan
986
± '" 1555 150
987 ±!I¥i!8 cJ:'5(f Saturday f1$ :l 1504 1497
Jttt 7';/ 1827
/' ~*PffJlI!: x. v.. V
988 \.:.LA, English-Japanese dictionary
J==-
:JG j];/ 187
~ -li::/ 263
989 %~ iJ' A,{[ A, complete
tm ~ 1074,1368 1846
}j{$ ~ .t ? C Kyoto
990
¥~ *9 2014 1507
991 ~* -r A,i'[? telegraph
-
7C .lj'y 298 59
992 j[;~ !rflv~ lively; alive and wet!
'--H-
{~ 11::/ 1578
+ 'l 185
993 ~* fJ'A, \.:. the kanji
JC ,? '" ? 300
~fk (1.';/ 350
994 n~ l:.t ; riA, joke
1E ::/=--'7 1336 954
PH -/3 1127
995 ftm l: ~ ? L-r address 130

REMEMBERING THE KANT[ n

READfNGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

131

l~ j);/ 2017
ll:~ 11' Iv iJ>1v main entrance; front porch
996
,
~ v.!:). 1335 266
997 _±A l~C.1v husband
f~\ I::: 1292 904
~~<&i (}Jt.-:J secret
998
,16' 1:::'/ 1294 635
999 &,~ U-==,J:, necessity; need
" ,
f)::/ 1928
1000 tm$ iJ'lvtr:./v simple; uncomplicated
¥~ &"Y 1859
1001 Ilffi iJ. I.r> f{_ Iv stairway
1r=T :/Y 969
1002 13-& L:llv self-confidence
1i~ I::: 1887
1003 71Hr1i Ot.'j! airplane
till -<f 956,1287 515
1004 ~~ Sl/V earthquake ti 7;/ 420
EI~JI! L:"L1v l~ bicycle
1005
EE :J-? 14,1345,2163 1105
1006 @lIE L:.t5I>'j tree; freedom
* v::c? 1245 1226
1007 ~;H t~'jc; judo
~ =\'- 3 1021 750
.if- ;¥.;/ 1036
1008 ~&f=. ~ .t tllv last year
fifj 7":./ 2100 1626
1009 iTT fIfj llv~1v newspaper
1m :; 3 ? 439
JI5 7/ 588
1010 ~J;5 l.l:?"L1v store; shop
~ 071 2001
JJ{5 .:<t? 607
i11.r>:i:; "
1011 Silt;*:# ti. V> iJs < Kei5 University
-->..L.
FJIJ -1iY 290
1012 lfil1J C::-Itlv morning 132

REMEMBERING THE KANJI n

READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

133

~ 7/' 57
~?v 7''Y 557 1050
JMw VjJv£? sightseeing; a visit
1013
Jfr :If-:Y 1129
«:III 4-~Jv vicinity
1014
0 ::1? 1483 784
1015 0!l:!l e~k_Jv public park
*Ilfr ::J:_/, 1612
i±.
1016 ~~ ~Jvx_Jv No Smoking!
~ :If-'Y 1550
-frl- "!t 543 252
+-
/ "
1017 ~~fr5 ~?~",,[Iv coffee shop
A-
I ::1/' 2099 1587
j)!l y:c? 1534 318
1018 4-illl eIVLI9>; this week
JJr r 468,2111 1194
1019 4-!3f eJvE this time
:tlJ c./s? 1374 545
1020 I~ e~l:.t; factory
_L:±:::. ::1!J
0 1008 247
1021 }1;'5 e;t.< advertisement :n: ;;t/'
1300 479
'6' -jf!J 1735
S>tC
1022 if~ 1;> Iv:;o; < music
~ '):) 1476 1669
~:im~lE& t.5.7c<
1023 E;6 expressway; superhighway
m ::19 1197 1800
1024 ~iii < :'5 e :'5 airport
,..._..
33 '/'Y 754
~~ ~J:'5L? classroom
1025
~
g ::r.1 1034
~ ¥39 2228 1792
1026 1lt~9=' k_ \.n ~. J: ? "Open for Business"
"b\ii>?
:r=3
fP ') t/ 1152
~ c./ 1510 1658
1027 ~~ -t-,t- (house- )c1eaning
7i y-\'" 1247
1028 Jg..J!t L~LIv photograph
4§ 1146
JD' :If-,,.?
1029 ~.ft ~~'5t.5 express (train)
$6-
CI :If-,,,? 1349
1030 ***"1- ! 19> '5 ~ .t '5 salary 134

REMEMBERING THE KANJI If

READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

135

/.------
fFJ; ~..f 1304 458
1031 4a13 "i1r.>1'<:"G every day
ff~ ,!;f3'.7 1587 I7l]
1032 Aj~ VCJv~' ,r , a doll
* 71 1884
1033 *1¥ L?1At.lJv next year
1~ ?l1 1438 879
1034 1B1# L-.t ?7t1r.> invitation
/J" -/3;7 105
1035 ;J'~~ L-J:? primary school
"M....., r 'j
-±-
7C -'~ l' 323
1036 ~~ L-.t'5VfIA business
1( -/::.' 1904,2204 1137
Fl=I~ "f:;/ 1617
1037 1'tr,,'j L--;JIj-,A, question
Jm &"1' 1488 389
1038 r~~m >bA,ti..'v> problem
rm ;L 117 1197
iliirh L.t'5l:!P soy sauce
1039 The firs! kallji tn the compound is not general-use. it '/'9:7 2045 1472
~ V '.7 1343 798
£
1040 it:! L-t(c? dining room; refectory
~ -7;/ 1206
1041 ~w L-.t?vtJv meal ticket
!fO
.=E. -1::1 825
1042 ~i§: 1:t\/:lL.t Holy Writ; the Bible
Jl1! ~ 2222 589
1043 ~~!!ll tLl..t:>-'E'5t.. refrigerator
** V;/ 1328 1343
5J,5J ';/ "'- '.7 574
1044 i*~ :h.A,LI!J>; practice
tiL ;;;/ 72
~ #'9 318 1801
1045 i5L~ L?A,f!? wild; Unruly; rebellious
&;t "!I"1 1517 682
1046 M;:('ll <!\;:>~ wallet
E§ "k l' 1548 1602
~$ ::I ? 1450 549
1047 IDil$ ..t:J:'\r>.l:/j the West; Occident 136

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

137

mU -7':t- 1997
1048 ~J~ H'~t.:..t? theater
1]1> ~ 1411,2153 117
1049 ?iP~ ~c; sugar
~ ~..-f 381
1050 J5'(1ff -ttV>4> the government
.w ~;/ 46
r~ .:t:;/ 1616
1051 JtJ. r~ ~ -tt Iv ob /v ii, a specialist
'BE.
m ~;/
1804
=f. -;/,,_ 637
1052 ~=p -tt1vL.1!) athlete
*~
d ,;/::J.'7 1352
""\' '7;/ 169
1053 ~~ L.,~;LIv end of the line; terminal
it! "11'/ 1500 143
1054 {£ tiS "lt0iJ'-::::> life
itt: ~ 878
1055 {£:fiE .Jt~C: student
~
~ ""'3 1938
1056 ~~ -ttlv~.r elections 1WG -1::;/ 1929
1057 tI1J:~ -lt1v-t-:5 war
~fj ~'/
pJu 1392 499
1058 IDI. ~j .Jt-::::> 11) 0 explanation
~ ,;/ 354
1059 fPtjljjt L-vt Iv text; exam
* 7] ;/ 1269 1654
1060 ~~~ L., Iv ii' Iv -It Iv the "Bullet Train"
~ 'i'/ 1378 845
§.t -" -1 331
,,,
1061 ~J:lY: L.?V:J:0 failure
1R. ~7 1072
1062 ~Llt tc.<-.;Iv a lot
~. jl;/ 393
~!£B tz:.fv t.:. .t :5 rf bi rth day
1063 Note the phonetic change in the second kanji.
T '74 1458 91
1064 T$ l:0;f':l.0 politeness; courtesy
*'f ~ ? 1440 246
1065 *.8IJ C<..-..::? special 138

REMEMBERING THe KANJI IT

READINGS FROM EvERYDAY WORDS

39

~ =? 2112 79
1066 1f~ '-!l>5R'.:>\.r:I famous
iI ?:,,- 1523 303
1067 lmlWJ ,IvE5 exercise; sports
*1 "'ffl 1362
* :J7 1475 1664
1068 #J* -\'='(.-t( promise
~R -1'7 1073
1069 ft'lHiR: 1'1 Iv 1" ( translation
.J.o,..
P1 1088,1264 744
~ 79 107] 524
1070 i:'IJ.. 1t\.r:lJ-,5 typhoon
Ji\ 7 1070 524
1071 m.g ..&:.~ Japanese bath
I~f{ xq.. 1984
1072 IfZft .zl'!"b.t:? stationmaster
* ~1 960 107
~ ":"- 1745
3Z..
1073 Al£ it\.r:l""-Iv very much; awfuUy; awful t~ 'Y 990,1074 1846
A ~"? 1985,2078 253
1=1
1074 ~.g. "?C? conditions; "things"
~
:z:s( 7-1 421
1075 ~~ ifV':>L-'\'> a geisha
H~ 7fl 1399
1076 i4lllt .r;.b( Western clothes
--=f .;/ 2033 95
1077 [~~T f~ ') L- a cap
*
* .... ' fl 1736
)E] q..33' 1066
1078 ~M -??!x( pharmacy
Lfl r c> 957 582
1079 ;ffi~ .bc!::1v Japanese quilt or mattress
=g:~ 7" 13 1845
1080 1E:iW -It Iv £ all; everything
RJi ;X 1445 1441
1081 ~~fti f?') headache
?J 7" 945,1139,1246 781
1082 A?T tiV':>.£ fairly; considerably 140

REMEMBERlNGTHE KANJI IT

READINGS mOM EVERYDAY WORDS

141

11, f::; 964
1083 :*:.11. ff..V>./P.? Great Buddha (statue)
1* ?-1 2103 957
1084 *-1* telt">ft.V:> generally; on the whole
t:f ." .-f 1219
1085 -$f v>?r.fV> full; one cupful
-
~ -try (2) 3
ffiij ;/J~ 1145 1170
1086 =:mu ~ A,;Q' < 3 strokes (as in a kanji) -mt -!t::; 2092 1826
1091 =1IIl" VC~? two (volumes of ... )
fw -l!.y 986
1092 {IO~ ~JvfC.V> (city of) Sendai
-1.l:=..
Pi% ~-i 2016 512
1093 -t-=Ji: !.:.\9l?VC"2[V> 12 years old
~ ~-1 1518 681
1094 5'C:t LJv~v> genius The next 5 frames present the characters used for some of the more common "counters" for which Japanese is notorious.

In the exemplary compounds given to the next two frames, note how pronunciation of the first syllable of the second kanji is changed from 7 -1 to 7 -1 because of the clumsiness of having twa "a" sounds back to back.

lID :h-1 2232 586
, -@j V> ?;Q' It> one time
1087
...L..
D ?'-i 1070,1264 744
1088 =.1;} ~lvif.v> 3 (vehicles)
~3z: ""'<'-1 332
1089 =tc K"iv:> 2 (sheets of ... )
$f j"y 1274 1652
1090 :liJlf ~V11v 5 (houses) ...........
R 7-1 401
1095 iJJl'i-t? iJ, b V:> -t" , pitiable; pathetic
~ 7-1 737
1096 1lJ~v> ;Q' bit> V> cute
~ ~l'P 1354 294
1097 ;j:;o~-;;Iv ~ -\'" < a guest
!if ;J.Y 1892
1098 Tii~J ~ fblvE; troublesome 142

REMEMBERING THE KANJT ]]

READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

143

!t :J 1267
746
{t jt • .rj 269 1005
1099 ~r~~rt IbV>C the Meiji Era (1866-1912)
t:.7't1.r.>
7t ::J ~ 119
1100 8;}'t 1'C?1: , (city of) Nikko; sunlight
1m: tJ-1 1302 461
1101 ~tm~ f1? iI'V> E , (northern Japanese island)
~~ ? :;/ 1749
1102 it~ fe: 1:'> vlv Taiwan
......,A-
$ I::. 'Y 943
1103 ifli!'i 7._/vrJ.? lead pencil
1J 1) " f! 567 858
1104 liZ:!] ~ .t , !? J: < cooperation
-±
0% l- f! 1833,2205 348
1105 ~* C ( l1i/V a reader
)l:_ 7· 860
y 1725
i* Jt<? 1850,2134,2241 751
1106 )c)tA J;AAY 5 grammar
~ :) 2203 1156
1107 ;)<$ il' t:. a DIe X 7 1274
1108 :my: k-..£> grandfather
£J: r.r; 101
1109 m-a k-f[ grand mather
1$ -;/:;/ 145 1119
1110 1~ltl: t:./v L:. l' a Shinto. shrine
~ ~ 45,1457 548
1111 ~A '(ft:.A.., a beauty; beautiful woman
~
';IJ J:l ? 860
1112 c:r!i'9:! < 0 5 "Thanks for the trouble!"
.:E :k ? 255
1113 .:E-T :I? , t:. prince
73% -ify 1263 808
4:-- ;f'Y 1954 1590
i'CJ\
1114 ~A:!- iflv:plv "Too bad!"; "What a pity!"
,E.
~ ~ 516 186
1115 'ili1~ ¢i- absence (from home or post)
~ -1'"-1 1416 1239
l 1116 ~.- tiv>v>t; No.1 144

REMEMffERlNG THE KANJI II

READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

145

1117

t ,z, ~ 1..- .t. ? Mrnistry of Education

1972

.=I:::: Ff'
---{:FJ: 1531
1126 :£-3'n@..,., i>-~e:> "I am very sorry for you!"
C <
~ ;to 1414 371
1127 ~~ 1"1 c; sidewalk
ff '7-",,- '7 1331 2~67
1128 tt~1"b "b~ ? .1<> to be careful; watch out
§ :f:j1 1930 15
B~ 74'- 69
1129 ElB9 'b < -c~ aim; goal
_§.
_...IJ'!., '7 1624 314
13 'iof- 1958 1753
1130 "IRe It 1..- t'; scenery
[t) -1 1258 1807
;Ji ~ 1766
1131 Irn~ v>'L Japanese checkers
iitt ~ 1291 961
1132 1IBA itlfClv outsider; stranger
T 3 1506 1593
~7i.T~ 'L1v~ weather forecast
1133 .t r~ ;
1-T ~ ? 1463 165
1134 1111:1 "t',z,c ; an electric light ''I beg your pardon!"

-'1:';/ <r~,z,

sitting in Zen meditation

1930

1118

Observe that the first character is a valiant of the general-use character ~. Itis used typically for Zen.

855

B'!-= ~

1119

"Do have a look!"

2016

broadcasting

1452

1120

i~

1121

hot springs; spa

1179

1122

science

1775

1124

324

1123

unreasonable; too difficu!t

74

1125

furniture

1410

U4

146

REMEMBERING TIlE KANJ r U

READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

147

~ 7/ 259
1£ 11'1' 685
1135 mtE (rf Iv ~-V> modem times; the present
,_t.,..
~ -1!./ 188
f:zA 7/ 1635 96.3
1136 A~ ~Iv-Clv propaganda
J;S.77
_, " ,j;' '7 1424
~ ~=f" 1705 1051
1137 fi$.,~t± f.l:?X_~ trading company
';' V> L, 4'
D* :/f! 1222
1138 liK:15: » e < the family
~~\ t:' :I ? 1412 899
7J 7::/ 945,1082,1246 781
n#n.fY c.b.1v
1139 co:.t 5 5 min., 5 sec.
lE 7'"1' 360 382
m; -1!.~ 1193
1140 rn5:Effli L,-Cv>-I:t~ reserved seat
~
F1 l' l' 759
1141 If!!c'j§]' ~J:;V>< education
tip /~ l' 1564
1142 n~-t~ ¥;tIr.>JtIv to look at (honorific) it!' /f! 1492 968
1143 ff:t:m: .f:(c vulgarism; slang
JB: 7' 22 377
1144 ~± ~L, (samurai) warrior
DID jj 1086 1170
1145 ~il!ii X. V> iI'> a movie; film
~ t:I '7 1251
1146 ~A o 'J t:.1v an old person
1-'-1
J¥ jJ:/ 1275 1653
1147 1Wtlf! iJ V> il; Iv seashore
WI] I) :I ? 1168
1148 jilUi .b .t ? L,1v one's parents
El ::r ? 1159
1149 ~~ vtfvc:.? health; physical condition
-}::. 1"1' 19 120
~~ 3 ? 1370 1300
1150 :;!c~ t-elr>l? the sun
- 7J 2230 1581
epmii;f4W "!.? 19> 'J -J.;, Chinese food
1151 !) .t 5 .tJ 148

REMEMBERING T,HE KANn II

READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS

149

JFIJ ./ 417
1152 ~"ililj lob\.!> L- a calling card
-
_TIJ_ r '9 1441 1440
1153 li~ C ? .s, bean curd; tofu
~ ~ 1416
1154 fglljt ~111v Danger!
f- tJ ;/
L 463
~ff iJ'lv Irt· \,I:> "Bottoms up!"
1155
+ ".?:Y 971 10
1156 -1-'* t.:.iB' c? fl'/v 10 (long, straight obj ec ts)
~ ~. c> 1251 782
Z ¥9 1215
1157 J!tz rJlvf~? poor; destitute
m e a '7 276 1682
~JG -1 ;/ 1304
1158 :W,~ U'J: ?V>A... hospital R 'i l' :!J 1070
J\. /~T 8
1159 J(A L~ < tJ; 'b the shakuhachi flute
11i ~ 173
1160 -tH!. G'G.!J 7ri
)][ I) ;/ 178
1161 -@: \.!> i;) !? Iv the slightest jot We conclude this chapter with the few characters in VoL I which were learned directly with their Sino-Japanese readings because there was no good English equivalent, All you need to do is see how they work in compounds.

M.I.XE.D GROUPS ~ A

151

Chapter 7 Mixed Groups

11!JJ ~~ ~ 181
1165 ~M~ C 5 '2:? insight
M
"5] i- '/ 944
7kt.ii -tv.!:: 5 canteen; water flask
1166
tfIJJ I- ;7 204
1167 ;jjiiJ1IB C ; I5b tung oil; (Chinese) wood oil After the relaxing detour into everyday words, we must rerum to the work that rernamswith signal primitives. From here on, the work will be more complicated than it was in Chapters 2 and 5 because of the increasingnumber of exceptions. In spite of that, I am sure you will find that it does provide considerable help with what would otherwise be a hodgepodge of disconnected readings.

What classifies a group as "mixed" is Chat it is composed of at least 4 kanji sharing a common signal primitive which assigns-the same reading to at least 2 members of the group, and yerwhich do not belong to the "pure" or "semi-pure" groups. The definition wi!! get clearer as we go along.

The chapter divides mixed groups into three sub-groupings. of ascending difficulty. We begin with tile easiest: groups of kanji in which a signal primitive has 2 readings that apply to 2 or more kanji each. At times, you will notice, a character will be assigned both read ings,

A. Mixed Groups of2 Readings Only

.~~ 7- "3 ? 235
;I~ ~ -; J ; z. 5 sign; symptom
1168
ll\Jt 'T ,. '/ 1284
!I;t!Wil~ -; .t ~1> ( springboard; jumping board
1169 tr.[1v
,
t~t 7- "3 '/ 658
1170 mlAA: -; .t ;-l't/v challenge
mj~ 'f" ,. '/ 237
1171 [!I!s~ "b .t ~H~; outlook; prospects
i~~ ~ ? 236
1172 ~!W-m c :;, Irf Iv heaven-on-earth; Shangri-la
~ J:. ;
it!? ~ '/ 283
1173 J&7E C ;k5 desertion; escape [OJ r' '/ 180
1162 IfiJIIif C 5 L: simultaneous
jFuJ ~. ~ 272
1163 will -l'tv-c ? bronze
Hili] r-'/ 182
1164 ~~1<l;: E51t.1/> trunk of the body 152

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

MIxeD GRQUPS- A

153

The remaining frames of Section A are not as confusing as fhey look,it you take the time to study them. The two readings of the signal primitive overlap in some kanji and not in others. Some of the readings you have learned already (refer to the cross-reference number in italics) but they are all repeated here" for the sake of completeness.

168

1204

m*-

1181 mlar!f'

lake side

JJJ: ct!-1 . .,:;. a ~ 361
J$t:r;b -ttl/>L ; success
1174 )$tiL Cx ?~":J achieving "Buddhahood"
'm ct!1" . -Va ? 1457
~~ -If Iv-tt V> in its prime; full splendor
1175 ~~ tilv C X ; flourishing
~fiX 'l!: -1 363
1176 !~,~ 'b~ ;-ttl/> loyalty
toY: v- a ?". 362
1177 ~P'3 Col: ;;lil/> inside the castle walls I' *"lJ /' Y .» ~ ;/ 167 1205
~J~ tilv""C1/> a judgment
1178 $:4'1.1 ~I/>r.flv trial; hearing
H~ / ...... :/' .... { -;/ 169 1203
~#' c,lilv corupany.companion
1179 1¥~ Vflv-t:"; (musical) accompaniment
* ., ...... ::,;" 166 1:202
1180 ~7.t- tilv.s.:1v half L ¥? . .;f;'Y 485
;?6L: L-f5:; death
1182 t:~ lb. 5 L."'i" the dead
~ *''Y . -'€: ~ 489
fil':t':R ~.~~ ; hope
-
1183 *~ f1.1v 'b ; long-cherished desire
-c:- 596
I t..:J\ ¥?
1184 1$~4< f£ ; t.:L Iv iJ' V> end-of-the-year party
'It ;Ji'? 618
1185 ~JIt: td~; very, very busy
*~ "E ;> 1373
1186 :/bj5Mil ~"9: ; -t? ~ ? broadcasting network
-C=
§I "'E: ?" 486
1187 liEl lb ? ~ < blindness 1065

i::>. I_... ~ -t- 5 intelligentsia

I 1188

154

REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT

MIXED GROUPS - A

155

1~ :J ., 982
1189 flIl.1~ -t!:'1v-t"5 a Zen priest
S3 :J 48 501
13
1190 '1"i~ 1.i: iI' -t" t:l (surname)
:tEB '/'7 502
13
1191 ~1.JD .:e , iI> augmentation; increase
/"
Jy~ v:» 626
1192 't«I,(" .:e? L-Iv hatred; spite
~83 )1/';/& 503
"t=i
$ K~-:r k ~ .. ?C 5 to donate
1193 ~§& .:e,-'[I.r.> offering; present ¥1£ ::7., 1024 1800
1197 ~li ( , C ? airport
1:l± ::7 '7 1799
/"
1198 t!t7.k C?l'v> a flood :J± ""3'7 1795
....... ,
~B&±~ ~J:5~tV Communism
L- ~ !'
As with many other signal primitives we have mel, this one car-
ries a reading only when it occupies a prominent place (above
1194 or to the light) in the character.
?Th: ""3'7 1803
1195 ~ij!{ ~ .t ; (;; V> deference; respect
1ft of-3'7 . jt 796
{~~~-:t k ~ .t ; ~ ~; to supply
1196 ~~ < J: , a Buddhist "mass" ~ 7;/ 1597
1199 ~1f vtlvVCIv double post or appointment
~
- t 'r;/ 1600
1200 ~~ vtlvt.:.x ? modesty
~ 'r;/ . {i;/ 1598
~Ut vt Iv~' suspicion
1201 ~I&I\ ~H'1v mood; disposition
Jjt V;/ 1601
1202 tUnc n../v~:rv> bargain; sale
~ Vy 1599
ilRJf.f ;ttlv..$ Kamakura bakufu
1203 A rare reading, mostly of historical importance. 379

1204

January; New Year's justice

156

REMEMBERING THE KANJl II

MIXED GROUPS - B

157

1f)[ -~ -i ''/3 '7 1050 381
il1i!:fff 1t1.r.>.b- a government
1205 :ma -It-::>L..t; regency; a regent
*.1< -l!-1 1477
_j:E,. 1670
1206 ~~-tb ~J:5-1;tv> to adjust; regulate
iiE -i!:-i 881
1207 :fiE~-.r;" ·ltv> VI-=' to subjugate
ill '/3'7 380
1208 ilftlllE frt L....J: ? guarantee
~ -/3'7 1685
1209 ~JJE U'.I:;L-.t; nature of a disease ?~ tJ;:l 451
1212 1fb* iJ' -:::> -)" I,r. dearth of water; drought
~~ s';/ 452
1213 ~Ji ~ -::> (1-) Iv interview; audience
t~ 7-1 673
1214 ~~ffi~ Irj V> t.:. rI.1v notice board B. Mixed Groups with 2 Exceptions Only

It may have crossed your mind to ask why we should bother to ciassLfy these characters into groups at all-or it certainly wil! by the time the groups get smaller and smaller.

The answer is twofold. On the one hand, if we did not, you would find yourself adrift in a massive sea of disconnected readings far earlier than you need to be. On the other, since we have learned more than 800 characters up to this paint by means of the signal primitives, toignore them in cases where there are exceptions would be to cut short OUr understanding of how these signal primitives work in the Japanese writing system. Without some experience in the mixed groups treated in these chapters, you will not appreciate the complex. blend of. consistency and inconsistency that characterize the on-yomi.

Unlike the mixed groups in Section A, those that follow share two characteristics: (1) they contains at least 3 kanji with a COmmon reading; and (2) only 2 members of the group have readings different from the others. Let us begin with an example:

c'J ::J 16
1215 ~w 1:.t" archaic word; old adage
~~ ::J 148
1216 iM~ t.r.tlv lake side; along a lake
l& ::J 333
1217 $;1& [.1:. an accident D~ g j)';/ 454
1210 -II&\-}"- ;., V> ? ;O.-:J to cry in a thundering voice
1~ tJ,;/ 453
1211 1.fl1~ ;0' ? L. .t < brown 158

REMEMBBllLNG THE KANJI Jj

MIXED GROUPS- B

159

t- ::r 206
1218 ;ffi~ ckJv elegance; simplicity
-i+
~ 3' 225
1219 -ilfM <tD5 distress; suffering
)6 ","3 1063
1220 ~1j: ~ ..t t::. \9>, residence C "1'-':1 24 525
:roB td~ an acquaintance
1227 § Gc the self
~ "'" 526
1228 '~Jm ~111v source
{I.e
If; "'f 1354
1229 tl!:AA3 -Itv>'~ century
0 599
J(j'\ "'"
1230 ,§: a:p ~i:)\!p? mourning
RC e. 527
123 x~2. $~ '5 li queen
!me »< -1 1436
1232 {"mGT 6 L,1v(r.;[V>. worry; concern ,_±L. ~~
J!f! -1
1644
1221 t-§i!i; k;V>. difference
1t -1 1643
1222 1t:k It>tiV> majestic; magnificent
*z.
~ -1 1645
1223 ~~ &tV>.\;>. longitude and latitude
-":Ix
11+J .J:.1 1646
1224 flJ5lW f~ ? x.. V:> defense
~~
-.l1:. 71;/ 1647
1225 ~m iJ~ Iv t. < Korea ~c

1226

529

iJX .; .... _ .:;./ 723
1233 ~,~ ~\9>;ViIv steep hill
£[ /' ;/ *;/ !J.;/ 722
&:~ Vi Ivil· !v animosity; antipathy
lil& trf11v a war of usurpation
'&!lW ftlvttD cloth; textile
1234 The second reading is rare. The compound in the final reading
combines an on-yomi and a kun-yorni. journalist; reporter

160

REMEMBERING THE KANJ[ II

MIXED GROUPS - B

161

if& z/ .... /'" ..... < c> 724
~1& L?V'!1v griddle; grill
1235 miF1i VjIr>L:r.!1v notice board
.~JX »< y 726
1236 ~fil iJt tilvtilr> selLing
~& ", ... y U13
1237 ~H~l- L~?V!1v publishing company
L~
~.oc ,..." :::,..t 1294
[1R:f11J tilvl-Iv Osaka and Kobe
The Japanese commonly take one character from the name of
two places or organizations and then turn the result into an on-
yomi compound which then represents the two original words, In
1238 this case, the result is the name of a large-corporation. that runs
a railway, a department-store chain, and a baseball team,
~ft ,..., y 943 1473
1239 t:f§. t:1r.l:1v rice; meal; dinner
~ ....... y 725
1240 ;g~ .r.....IvC reply; answer
1& 11 2160 966
1241 i&ffii i;> (j) Iv a mask ~~ s; 1227
1243 $it L:tr office-work
~
;f\1§ .s: U28
1244 liW: tr<!1v to dissipate; be dispelled
* .;;",? '':::'".? 1007 1226
~~ C~~c~ judo
1245 **0 ltC, ~ ~ t> gentleness; mildness 1225

7t 7/' 7')/· 7' 945, l082, 1139 781
11.?t t:..&.1v five m.inutes
EJ1} t..~1v oneself
1246 *?t tc0~ greatly; considerably
*'~ 7)/ 1358
1247 ** ..&.Iv"i'? powder
*n
rYJ 7)/ 920
1248 ~iS: "&'Iv~· dissension; controversy
~
~ 7Y 2028
1249 ~lm~ "&'lvlr>~ atmosphere; ambience
1! mY 978 1449
1250 ~~ 1'[ Iv~ Ir> dwarfed "bonsai" plants 1242

contradiction

162

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

it I::"Y 1::. Y 1157 782
:!itz (fAAR? poor: destitute
tn:* l1'1vJi.
1251 B3 rich and poor
5JJt _" y 783
1252 IJJt ;tp (liIvS distribution 1Jl )t =\'- 1764
1253 ~1lJ't L'? ~ national tlag
m :If- 1763
1254 ~~m 0.1: ; ~. Japanese chess
~ :If- 1767
1255 £* ~ f:i:1v fundamental
M :If- 2158 1765
I
1256 ~WJ :OJ: '? ~ academic term
ftt. o¥ 1762
1257 fF~ ~ ~ fraud
~ =f 1131
- 1766
1258 Im~ v.c Japanese checkers MIXED GROUPS - B

~~ ~
1259
~;!t
." .
1260
~~
1261
i'~
1262
f~
1263 369 shallow or superficial learning

cash; money

praxis; practical

a pier; landing wharf

The exemplary compound uses a kun-yomi.

1114

-1}'y <rlv:t:11v

"What a pity!"

.u:
t:l 1- '" 1--'" 1070,1088 744
13r.J it v.:b Iv Taiwan
::::::-& ~lvt.:V. 3 (vehicles)
1264
.s-;
t=1 7' '" 745
,e:.,,,
1265 :ffi,* itv. ~ J: ? sloth; indolence
BEl 7' -1 748
1266 t:J: ~I'l. I~ it V:> matrix 163

368

1286

367

808

164

REMEMBERING TIlE KANJI II

MIXED GROUPS - B

165

15 -;; . .,.. 1099 746
lY3ram'fft .![>\.t'>\.:.L:;.ti\.t'> Meiji Era
1267 ra* i;,iblv law and order
~f5 v 747
1268 1Ji'( M1 B'!J VfIvL,L~ primitive 5(. -71' '''f-307 103
:X:5G J-.11\.t'> father and elder brother(s)
£~ ~ J: 51tl.t"> brothers (and sisters)
Note that the primitive element j, does not figure as a member
1276 of this group, 110r is it used as a signal primitive.
::td:J;
Jl..R. -71' '''''3'7 434
~.~ !1l.ntl horse racing
1277 ~$- ~.t5-{-5 competition
~JG =\'307 145
1278 ~m ii'V> ~ .t 5 general conditions
t-7r. v=,,-P 'V::I-7 1089
:mm L...~ < ~ < blessing
1279 :mil L, 1.9> ? ~. a celebration
£ ::1:7 104
]tE i.:.'?~ self-denial
1280 flf 'j}:/ 1060 1654
l1r~ &:il L-lvil'lv the "Bullet Train" (Japan's
1269 -It Iv super-express train)
=f 7J:/ 1648
1270 =film ;O~ Iv -; .r ? low tide; ebb tide
flj 71 :/ 1650
1271 ili.dflJ L... \9! ., ;O>1v a weekly (magazine)
If 7J:/ 1651
1272 ffim ;0' /v;O>1v perspiration
ff 71:/ 1649
1273 J1f~ ;0> Iv 1 ? essential
,1 If·:/ 1090 1652
1274 liil!f t:!11v 5 (houses, buildings)
1--LI
~ ]1:/ 1147 1653
1275 ~1¥ tJ, I.n il' Iv seashore The final six frames of Section B merit careful study. Some of the readings were learned earlier. A few of them will be met with only rarely. In any event, here we present the complete list.

~ -1 • -/3 07 704,982 -It Iv -It V> teacher

v>? L.. J:' with all one's effort It Iv 60 v>

1555

1281

166

REMEMBE1UNG THE I<ANn n

MIXED GROUPS - C

67

~i ~1 - -/:J ? 707 1557
~~ -It1t'>,lQv> one's full name
1282 B~ v-""'( L- .t , farmer; peasant
Jli "'I!: 1 -/ !l ? 705 1558
:tz:& L-J:-l!"lr> woman
1283 ~il- L-.t5..s-:,z, nature; disposition
~ -I!: 1 -Y3 ? 706 1556
£~ -\tlt'><!" sign of the zodiac
1284 E!ijS; .7rJ:5CJ ., Venus; morning star
~ )1";/ 709 1560
1285 ::flllbm 4-c5~!V real estate
tl ~-1 708 1559
1286 tttA: ~- -It V> sacrifice till 1-'7 956,1004 515
ilh ~ -;3 map
1287 t~m "GL-Iv earthquake
ith 7- 516
1288 'firm. -elv-; a battery
1J~ V--I!: 1045
1it!ifi-:t~ L-c.? to enforce; carry out
tifijj(jj J~ -l't alms; offering (to a priest)
1289
t!1 -1' 38
1290 -ill,-tit'i: "\"'-:t L. (man's name)
ttE JI. 1132 961
1291 filiA fr..1fC1v outsider; stranger C. Remaining Mixed Groups

f£\ 1:: 998 904
1292 :f'&W '(J-J;-? secret
¥£- I::: 1::::7 636
~_g. &R O-I'C.I:? urination; urinary
1293 jt~, ~1v1:J'? secretion
JJl~ \:''Y 999 635
1294 &,~ "(}~.l:? necessary; need As indicated earlier, this final class of mixed groups is by far the most difficult and-unforrunately-the most numerous. Despite the many exceptions, it pays to learn these characters in their respective groups. Fortunately, a good number of the characters included for the sake of completeness have already been learned under another rubric.

As before, characters that have more than one standard reading will be treated in full here with exemplary compounds provided for each of their readings"

168

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

MIXED GROUPS - C

169

JI~ tJ-i 625
1303 ~~ t. ? iI'V> remorse
* -«:-i 1031 458
1304 wB ~ V> Ire-; every day
~~ /{ -1 460
1305 ~re r! V> ii- plum blossoms
if! 7' 989
1306 ftil® .s; I..:..t < humiliation; disgrace
ii& 1::':;/ 459
1307 m1l:i:!Rt't '(f1v.7c< brisk; prompt
~ / ..... ;/ 1337
...
1308 ~* kl:lvx..1,n prosperity tR y:<-jI 718
;J&:X: LI!Jl<b uncle
1295 This character is normally read j;~ 1..:..
t~ '/=--11 721
1296 Ant Lv.L,I!Jl< chastity; womanly virtue
~ ~j' 719
1297 ~'! iJ'lv c. < coach; director
~
, V,.1I·-l!.:!f"
720
1Jqiili!. -{t It:> L:. ~ < retreat into silence
1298 ;&~) -{t~-{tl,r.. retreat into silence 1299

840

481

1309

phoneme

;t ;/ • -1;/ 1022

479

music

the Gospel

Pay special attention to the following group of 14 kanji, made up of two readings and 2 exceptions. Tills is a unique group wbose mastery now will save you much confusion later. Be careful not to include Frames 508-509, where the present signal primitive figured as part of a

larger signal primitive.

1300

B~

1301

480

memorization

1302

l101

461

defense

seashore

1302

170

REMEMBEIUNG THE KANJ1 ]J

M1XED GROUPS - C

171

*$ ¥? 1357
1310 tm~ f15-\t~ spinning (doth)
tJJ It-'? 492
$':;1
V-i~ ffl:;f a Buddhist priest; bonze
1311 ~i?""N f~? i? -? At young master; (another'S) son
tJ5 n<? 491
1312 ./rJJ~ ff; 1;; .V- interference; obstruction
,
~7J ,f;.? 494
1313 Di1!IiJ LA"f , fat
i9j ¥'7 1015
m~ ~, -l!A.- urrdetlining (in vertical writing,
1314 this becomes a "sideline")
ffi It-t? 1078
1315 '§j1f~ iJ·· Atf;i ? secretary general
!? .J: ,
7J 11': ? 490
1316 )jrni F1 ? 16,z, direction
:If * ? 493
1317 *~ r.i:; L your kind offer
~15 * ? 495
1318 t'JF"'.·t" ~ f1 ; 'bN to visit (formal) iJ1t -7'* 497
1319 ~~-tJ.:> ii' Iv v--t ~ to be deeply moved
f~ 7 1883
W<tli: ~1t'? laying out (e.g., rails)
1320 1ffil 1- 978
1321 1ffii fli! iI'to value; worth
ii: =r 832
1322 jJl( i: i~ .0 v1 ? "f, to leave alone; let be
7m: c> 3 !l 811
1323 ::Em -ltv- L J:. < procreation
~~ '/ 3 !l 205
1324 m !f'I"J tim LJ: < .,s,:?x..1v botanical garden
~ 7- 3 !l 'i* 73
~j!jj -; .J: < liON confrontation
1325 iEmL LJ: ; !;~ honest; frank * i' ? 937 504
1326 $:)]'{ C ; ~ .l: ? Tokyo
{_t ~ ? 506
1327 ~*5 C ;It? freezing 172

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

MLXED GROUPS - C

173

** v;.-' 1044 1343
1328 ililHi nlv L- ~ , practice
~* v;.-' 2030
1329 ~~*T ;h Iv ~ Iv 1.: !9>? alchemy
1)* 7:/ 1301
1330 I\jf! ;9IJ "blvn.? display; exhibit 1i

880

1337

round trip

?£ 7=--7 1128 267
1331 r:tM "b!9>?L--\" injection
tt 7:>-7 268
1332 1E:t± L"1v"b19>? telephone pole
,Itt 7;>.7 1982
I~"~ "b\!b5L..-\'> parking lot
1333 1.:.t~
~1 7:>-7
1334 ttlfr.l-r-,t 'b!9>"~ to take notes; write down
,
X. '/:>-"_A. 977 266
.:l:A L..\!IlL:1v one's husband
1335 t'i± f~" f a Buddhist priest
ti: .;/::>.7 995 954
1336 itm t.. <!l' :;, L....t address ~ ~ 800
;& c- '3 7
~~ It'> L...t 5 dress; costume [rare}
1338
~ 796
= -/ '37'
j§t
1339 !W1:t It Iv Ld oj a reward or prize
1t -/,,? 985
1340 ~11t tilt'> L... .I: ., indemnity; compensation
~ 801
~ -;""''3'/
1341 1\[~ L..."I'> L....t ., conductor (on a bus or train)
~ ,; OJ ? 983 799
1342 i1~~ If t.:..r. ., extraordinary; emergency
~ ~. ? 1040 798
1343 ft;llt L...t(C'; dining hall
A!4 ~ ? 797
JL
1344 .£i.'!t Xt? political party (in power) r±I ;;L • .::L? 14,1006,2163 1105
83* 19>C::>1t'> reason; origin
1345 13m L:~oj freedom; free 174

REMEMBERING THE KANH n

MIXED GROUPS - C

175

¥r±I .:;J. 1107
1346 ::51'1b -It~~ oil
Ei3 7-:>.'7 1109
1347 *m ~"b~~ universe; space
tm 7-:>.'7 1106
1348 1lb~ "b~;L....t5 abstraction
,[b .;)!I 1112
1349 Jf_~ L -? t.::. < axle; wheel
fIE :/~'? 1108
1m =f' 0i&>; hands-in-one's-pockets
1350 L-~ *~ 5!1 1350
I J:]
1355 IlIiUlii .lj..T'<~< (logical) coherence
-H-
;1-8" 5!1 299
1356 ~~ t:><c: comic storytelling
~~ "5 !I 1433
1357 If MIl t>(V? dairy farming
alS I) -I' !I 570 293
1358 ~w.:t !i -? < 1:: abbreviation
'~Jf
li ~, '!i!l 295
1359 1k1fl -If IV ii, < amount (of money) ~ -j:;!1 291
1351 <t't§ ii' < L- each one; each person
*~ -j:;!1 2159 292
1352 ~~ -It IA ii, < character; nature
M -j:;!1 1624
1353 ~M 1,r V> ii, < (government) cabinet
~ =\> -t!l • tJ !I 1097 294
$>~;;Iv ~ -? < guest
1354 *;g .!:J ,n:'l' < passenger; tourist ~ :;/ l' 936 1256
1360 ~~ IAL~ doctor
* 'i l' US7
Ji' ....
361 ~~~ L., ... ..r.-"? boiling
~ 'is 1259
1362 11~-fj Itt V> ;; ? L. J: police station
~ 'ia 1160
1363 ?&:fl. ~ Iv L. .t "Indian summer" 176

REME!MBERING THE KANJI n

MIXED GROUPS - C

177

~ "/3 1261
1364 ~m L.Ic:..( (various) countries
~ 7- 3 1258
1365 ¥~ ~ .t L-\'> an author
~~ 7'"3 1262
1366 ff1iif.\ "!?.l:~5 foolhardy courage
I.fI
if,J '/3 - 7- 3 966 1344
-J1t It"'>"? L .ct. together
1367 tIT~ C.t5"!?l heartstrings; emotionalism
1fB ~ -",/ 990,1074 1846
*;~ ~ .t: ? C Kyoto
1368 «~-€; ?i.:."; conditions
~t I· 12·64
1369 lltt\J cti( gambling ij~ T39 544
l372 7cWi 7't1t">"!?.t? colon; large intestine
/~ ~ 9 546
1373 ~~ 1l?C; boiling water
:i~ :/'39 1020 545
1374 I~ L?I.:.t5 factory
im '/39 996
1375 ~W L..J: 5 il'0 wound; injury ~£ ~ :3 9 1150 1300
1370 *~ tclr'>.J:5 the sun
iJ1J :3 ? 664
137 m~ Vjlr'> J: 5 hoisting; raising i9c 7'/ 958 846
1376 t&r~ -; ii'"[? subway train
i! 7"/ 847
1377 Jll& c..;"["? a change; shakenp
~ '/'/ 1061 845
1378 9C:tL L"?:h \t"> discourtesy
f;i( 7'":1 903
1379 ~I't "!??[..t order; discipline 47

1380

Ii ( ..&:?;6, Iv museu m c er < gambling

178

REMEMBERINGTflEKANn n

MIXED GROUPS - C

179

?i " .... :!t 227
1381 f.(Ij.f.1J tJ: ? 1)' peppermint
1,::)£
$;;1- .... ~ jI 1376
1382 *~ k(rr!( restraint; restriction
-7«f
'I~- 71", 949
1383 f'@ ~c f~ ~ bookkeeping 717'*7 b'5c? ~1' t)" ht

156

1389

envelope feudalism

iif fJ.1, • j] -1 890
pJj fr5"1!1 L...r ? -r.ht shopping street
1384 :0' \r> thoroughfare; highroad
mm iJ> \r> E 5
~1I ti.1,
157
1.385 ~Eifl L..J: ., iii\(;. a lifetime; one's life
t~ 1'.1, 198
1386 ~~ Ii. H"I.r>O cinnamon
..±:
.±.. 1".1, 155
1387 *-r vtlr>t_ (woman's name)
11 j) 970
1388 ~f'1= -JJ'~ ( excellent piece of work ~ Jt X':J
1618
1390 OO~~ x.. ? t? Iv L.? a reading room
t~L x:;l 619
1391 Mm. 'ilvk? delighted; satisfied
~£ t':J 1058 499
1392 tmllf:! -\<t::::>NJIr> explanation
f5t -1i.1, 577 895
1393 ~~ -ttv> ~ Iv taxes
ik x-1 500
1394 ~UJl( /i_ V> (j Iv acute; sharp-witted
HJt 1'--;; 498
1395 JI~ :fit ti?-lf \,no tax-evasion ~.N 1. ~y
1461
1396 ::k::fH fi_\,not_/v large garden radish
t& ~y
1460
1397 fVJ"ji :0' V> t_ Iv regret; remorse 180

REMEMBERING THE KANJ I II

MIXED GROUPS - C

181

~N 7;/ 1466
1398 ;1I~~ll tJ'lttiV infinity
0R 7f;/ 7;/ 1467
1IIl!.])j( iJ; Iv "1% \!lI' eyebaU
l*.l~ iJ>V>!7A- Buddhist ceremony for
1399 consecrating a new image
~~ #";/ 974 1459
1400 Mi1'1 ~'Iv t. 5 bank
if! ;9- ..f 1465
1401 t/i{~ -[-:;1t'v:> withdrawal; retreat 772

1406

forked road

/J "' '/ ? 106
'Y 3
1407 &&F L- X ? tllv children; juvenile
'.tj); e> ?
{~" 3 372
1408 ~~ 1:. ? t. x. ? negotiations
tv '/ '3 ? 647
1409 :£PW1: L .t , 6 ( selection; excerpt
1~i' va ry . -t:-i 1125 124
3ti!il ~ 't Iv.!;. lx , Ministzy of Education
1410 &<1lii tllv-ltln reflection; consideration
1ij!> "1t 1049,2153 117
1411 ~~ ~ C ? sugar
f4' t:" '3 ? 899 899
1412 :lifY LUx ? 5 seconds
~j; ~ '3 ? 123
1413 *jgP tJr x 5 queer; curious 3t s> 711
1402 ~J5 l-C Iv branch office or store
f5t s> 713
1403 tu~ l1 5 branch and leaf.nonessentials
~~ "'/ 714
1404 1l."IH* L t .. V> the limbs; members
it # 712
1405 trz II§ ~'Q) , technical skill 182

REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT

MIXED GROUPS - C

183

Although the readings in the following group will both be familiar, it is helpful to see them together,

fr{ ~ 1688
jffi_'J!J O~;" fatigue
1421
:tit t:. 805
1422 tJJi.~~ O?:>;:tlv wedding reception
f~ _,~ 806
1423 1~ Eli: ti-e./v bankruptcy
1&: _,~ 18 803
1424 'ttL iJX -elvd radio waves; air waves
~ .r~ 804
1425 5tt~ ?:>?ti an old woman $ * . 7' . 7 1127 371
4><@ f1 E 5 stroll
~.g. .k!tbv- rate of commission
tJ;: .b- a pawn (in Japanese chess)
1414
:J; v";/ 862
9'i~~ ;/1..'?(:.? inferiority complex
1415 7J'1v kk
~ wI pLf 1116 1239
1416 m- *,\(:>0-; No.1
5& T . ~'-f 544 1240
~T -eL.. disciple
1417 £Ml ~.t;if\/> brothers (and sisters) Sl 1:: 802
1418 ~rkl OVC( sarcasm
fBi. 1:: 807
1419 ~~ U: iJr.\/> damage; harm; injury
1m. t:. 883
1420 Wlt¥ OiJr./v equinox 1~~ _, .... -i 1633
1426 #~IO] ti\/>( a haiku poem
V »< -f 1637
%~t -It" Ivr!1/> one's senior
1427
~F ." .... -f 1634
1428 ~~7k~ Ii \/>T \/> -j;./v a water-pipe; conduit
~~ 1:: 1632
1429 ~F 1't Ctl.:-.t '? emergency; extraordinary 184
flJ
1430 ?J~
m
1431 r'J~
=
~~
1432 ~~ REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT

I::: 1635
D-iJ,1v pessimism
I:: 1638
tlvLt the doors (ofa gate)
17'1 983 1636
\:!P 5 ~v. guilty ~ .;; 158
1433 ~P':I l:.1.t:\r.> within the temple precincts
t.f .;; 660
1434 st~ L-t: backup; support
1;!f .;; 976
1435 f,f.m: t:tl9>~ chamberlain
a~ .;; 970 159
1436 Jlifr.,(J l:. 7J'1v time
-:::-±
fl;j" s> 346
1437 ~A L-t..1v poet
1;f fl.1 1034 879
1438 fE f,!j L-J;'fcv- invitation MIXED GROUPS - C

185

~ I- ? 945
1439 %~ tL-:;t_5 inferior
f# " /l 1065 246
1440 !.& JjIJ c<-"'? special - I- ? oX
TIl 1153 1440
][nz c '5,s.. bean curd; tofu
1441 7.::li 1t:\r.>T soy beans
ill " ? 1684
1442 5IUf,Hli -rlvtllv smallpox
c?
~~ " '/ 1629
!(llllJAl -ltlvc7 battle
1443
7-'«- l- 7 0 l- 1703
:..a
~~ c56< registration
1444 RLlJ c.~1v mountain Climbing
SiJi " ? 0 I- 'X 1081 1441
$l:;m -ltlvc? the forefront; van
{f~ $'IvE lead singer
1445 ~fIfi T'?5 headache
.:. *7 1443
1446 :t~ f1'5 tllv bumper year 186

REMEMBERING THEKANn n

MIXED GROUPS - C

187

m: -=r:r7 1704
1447 fir Ii i.r 1£1.nt;,.t? limpid; clear
If.fi 1';/ 1442
1448 ~'[~ t'C.lv~ short temper f!*- -\!_;/ 55!
~f!I.f L. Artt Iv fresh
1456
~ .~ 45,1111 548
~ ~
:lfr~ (/[i.t'>.l;i- (surname)
:..A [}CiV a beautiful woman
1457

T 7-1 '737 1064 91
T$ Li.t'>tJ.V>. civility; courtesy
1458 =T§ Vc i? J: ; at> city block No.2
ffiT 737 92
UIJ A "G.r;VCiV merchant
1459
m 7-;;J7 94
Tji,11';i, ~.t?LiV apex; summit
1460
IT 737 591
1461 Y1\iT rjlv"b.t? prefectural office
~T 7"3 194
1462 JtTSit tJ:~1v (bank) savings
rf ~ 7 1134 165
'{-lin- -rive? electric light
1463
~T :r-i 339
irriE L I/>.I! V> correction; revision
1464 ~ 3? 547
1449 $=13 J; ? ~ ? wool
'$
'{ 3? 1047 549
1450 [§"i'$ ..J:t\rl. J: ? the West; Occident
1fft. 3 '7 933
~R :fl3 X?--t-; aspect; phase
1451
~ 3,/ 1479
1452 1*31f ]!t9>?J:? rest and recuperation
¥ 3? 1325
.-11\'
1453 ~* X :; t!' .t 5 ceramics manufacturing
1<¥ Vil'/ 1088
1454 §1;W.t& Vi '? L.t 5 "!? cradle; birthplace
~+ 'l3? 550
1455 lWMll L.,t;~\rI details; particulars 188

REMEMBERING THE. KANJT II

MIXED GROUPS - C

189

653

1697

to topple (from power)

tT

1465

1474

pivot

* :Jp 1068 1664
~* ~<-i:"< promise
1475
J! :J~ 1023 1669
1476 ;;fJj)i;l1i~ L 5 k < E ; b highway; expressway
~X 1206 1670
~ ~1
1477 Ml~-j-6 "bx5-tt0 to adjust; regulate
wn 7- 'S fl 1667
1478 ~i':1 ~ifJ L-J:5"b.J:( Imperial proclamation
JfJR ;; 1668
1479 i5I1 ~\. .:t iii: \(:I alienation
!fiJi 71 1665
1480 ~!liJi lfvl?l.r:> reliance; trust ]f>l. v~ 819
1466 .E[RMf L. ~ l-tc> adoption or rejection
~ v=>- 820
1467 lIilt* l\!JlJj. hobby; pastime
~ ~1 821
1468 Jti;Wf ~\(:Illv latest; newest
tl ~:>' 822
1469 Ma~ C;?,t0 photographing ~ fl 1696
1470 ±It!1Z "b < region
,~ll p 1983
1471 ;t~ -ttfv< harbinger; forerunner
@c ;;d- rJ 1699
1472 w.: 1i, ;Io-5l\!il5 Europe
~ ;!- rJ 1698
1473 ~tI j,~ ., fi blow; assault A word of explanation about the explanatory compound in this frame: because of their resistance to the winter cold, the pine, bamboo, and plum often appear together in end-of-the year decorations. From there, they have come to be associated with

1481 festive occasions in general.

785

'/97

L. J: ~ -; < kr' \.I:> pine, bamboo, and plum

190

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

MIXED GROUPS - C

191

:::7\
ri.&, Y 3 '7 787
1482 Wf~~ k' L.. .t 5 a legal. suit
~ ::l 9 1015 784
1483 ~~I 1:. 5 x._,z, public park
/_l1:...
3:J>J 73-:'7 786
1484 ~~ .0 ; ;k~ j venerable old man ::6:.
0 ::l !I 788
1491 1tlIJ@ ~ 0 1:. < deep ravine; glen
1:& /9 1143 968
1492 f~iffl --t:'( ~ slang; vulgarism
1ft ,:l.. '7 793
1493 ~re l: ~ 5 surplus; breathing room 1~ 71 665
1485 m~ -r.:~<b,z, proposal; proposition
j:S
.:XE 74 390
1486 m;[I1J -r.:~ff5 a dike
~ -Ii 576 388
1487 ;If;;~j¥ itD- absolutely; by all means
~ "",-1 1038 389
1488 ~J,'lm 1bA,.,KV. problem

W\ 39 792 I
-w.: "'1 J: 05:5 craving; appetite; ambition
1489 zaa
?~ 37 789
1.490 m.~ J:. < L..? bathing room .±f:: -k"," . Y-I'!I
'1:3 1184
1'8 4:t~ C~ bygone days
1494 4-1' tlvC~ < past and present
~ -k"," 1567
1495 F~ t..[t~ census registration
'Irli: -t!:olf
a, 1187
1496 'm )tl{ -t:t~i'±~ a narrow defeat
,
~
S -1J"9 1185
1497 ~1!"~ ~ < CO mix-up; mistake
1:1:1:
13 '/ -I' !I 1186
1498 1It<& L..-\"'~ !Iv debt; I lability
m :I 1188
1499 mmt {:"1, measures; steps 192

REMEMBERING THE KANJI II

MIXED GROUPS ~ C

193

ffi j] ')I 1054 143
1500 !Em ~\.r>7J? life; livelihood
M j]')' 661
1501 -eHi'i 1"5::? iF? all-embracing; comprehensive
15" ~')I 41
1502 1f'% ~A,.ff-::> eloquence
B5 ? 947 344
1503 m~ -rA,b telephone
t* -"/ 988 1497
1504 ~,IIt!. L: -r A., dictionary
~§ 7-1 611
J l!J\
1505 1*i!. ~ ~ Ijlrj\;:> recess; rest 954 baseball

1596

1509

r~ .;/;1 . -"/ 1027 1658
w<$t. \.:, J: iii v.. exception; exclusion
1510 t.i;1!-i< .:r'5L: (house- )cleaning
ffJ., -"/3 1660
1511 fCHlIf<i 1.:J:L:L an ode; narrative poetry
/".6-
17f, -"/ .. 1659
1512 @:.fi-r.o 1.:,1:1:1) to go slowly
tiP: .
I- 1663
1513 jr~ l::-t~ coating with paint
'L .....
~, ~ 1661
1514 }?Elf> c"bl9'; halfway; on the way
A 1657
7:R s
1515 #d::J .tid ( blank space; blank =r :3
T 1133 1593
2}~ .t~< reservation
1506
f§ :3 1595
'"
1507 1ft~ .t ~ A, deposit (in a bank)
rf .;; " 1594
1508 FFY.: 1.:1.~A, preface (to a book) 1516

683

to gather data or material

194

REMEMBER1NGTHE KANJ1 n

MIXED GROUPS - C

195

Jtt -if"-1 . "'!I--1 1046 682
M~ ~~;;A., one's possessions or wealth
M$ c!v>,.s.. wallet I
1517
~- "'!I--1 1094 681
I
1518 :;R::y -(A.,<!V":> genius
M ........ -1 1623
r,tIr.5 ........ iAL"1v dosing-time (of a shop)
1519 --I:1·Y",979

-It V:o L-Iv mind; psyche

~.l- x , indolence; sloth

84 1537

-;/37

-jJ. Iv L:- ;t? feelings; emotions

1525

1535

1526

m~ frli*

--l: -1 • Y 3 980 ~v>!1? clean _

L J: ? C J: ? purity; innocence

1539

1520

1527

1536

application: petition building: construction

662

1538

conductor (of an orchestra)

aJ

1528

81

dear skies

302

1540

1521

splendor; dazzling brilliance

1529

82,834

a standstill

301

navy

1522

1530

1067

303

349

9Y 'jIve?

exercise; sports

1523

1524

:T3? i?J:? ..7c' .,

condition; state

1534

1710

--l: 1 • Y 3 778

-It V> t;l.A., a youth

7;. < I_.,.t? verd igris; green rust

1531

T3? "bx;l,

sculpture: status

1532

196

REMEMBERING THE KANn n

MIXED GROUPS - C

197

mJ ~/ ~ ? 317
1533 PUB x_,z,L-19> 5 circumference
~. ~;:1'7 1018 318
1534 :i1§l rEI'! L. ~ 5 v,,z, week 1730

1542

cleanser; laundry soap

;~ 1{ ftA,
p~ 1522
1535 tf-: ~:1!r v~\r.>c5L--\" the above-mentioned person
M ftA, 1523
1536 1l1!~-:lf. 6 it ,z, Vi \r.> to impeach
ft 713' 1520
1537 ;tt{., tJ, < L-,z, nucleus
t!J ::13' 1521
1538 ~t:IJ~ J.:. 1:. < 0- .1: , timetable ?f-f 1tA, 1731
1539 a~ (tj1.A<:r1r> economy; economics
:::z
17ft1 1t-1 1732
1540 il'J:lW" L-.l:~1r> private study; library
g -zA, 1729
1541 ~Pf§ ~V> L-J.; homophony