Exam 2

‫اﻟﻤـــﺎدة ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎء‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻋﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬

‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﻤﺘﺤﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺑﺘﻚ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﺎح‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻰ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ )ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ( ﻟﻠﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ‪ 2010 / 2009‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ) ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ (‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜلٍ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Cr2O7-2‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2 + Cr+3‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻫﻭ‪:‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪MnO2‬‬ ‫‪MnO4-2 + Mn+2‬‬ ‫ﺏـ‪A‬ﻭ‪C‬‬ ‫ﺃـ‪A‬ﻭ‪B‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪H2O 2‬‬ ‫‪H2O + OH-‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪FeO‬‬ ‫‪Fe2O3 + Fe‬‬ ‫ﺩـ‪B‬ﻭ‪D‬‬ ‫ﺝـ‪B‬ﻭ‪C‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺯﺍﻥ )‪ (K‬ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬

‫ﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﻤﺘﺯﻥ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻋﺎﺀ ﺤﺠﻤﻪ ﻟﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻨﺩ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ )‪ ،(CH4‬ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺯﺍﻥ )‪ (K‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻟـ)‪(CH4‬؟‬
‫ﺏ‪ [CH4] .‬ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ‪ K‬ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ [CH4] .‬ﻴﻘل ‪ K‬ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ [CH4] .‬ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ‪ K‬ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪ [CH4] .‬ﻴﻘل ‪ K‬ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﻴﺘﻔﻜﻙ ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ )‪ (CaO‬ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ )‪.(CaO‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪2/...‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪1‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺒﻊ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻰ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ )ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ( ﻟﻠﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ‪2010/ 2009‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ )‪ (50 mL‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻓﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ)‪ (HF‬ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻩ)‪ (0.1 M‬ﺇﻟﻰ) ‪ ( 25 mL‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺴﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ )‪ (NaOH‬ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻩ)‪ ،(0.1 M‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل‪:‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺸﺒﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﻤﻨﻅﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﻏﺭﻭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪H2(g) + I2(g‬‬ ‫)‪2HI(g‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (Kc‬ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬

‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (55‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪ ،(425°C‬ﻓﻜﻡ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (Kc‬ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲ؟‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪55 .‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪0.018 .‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪- 55 .‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼل ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﻴﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﺘﻡ ﻤﺯﺝ ﻤﺤﻠﻭﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪.....................(Ksp‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺒﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺘﻔﻜﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺒﻠﻭﻍ ﺍﻻﺘﺯﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﺘﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻴﺜﻴل ﺃﻤﻴﻥ)‪ (CH3CH2NH2‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩ‪NH4Cl .‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪H2SO4 .‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪NaOH .‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪HF - .‬‬
‫‪Cl‬‬ ‫‪ -9‬ﻴﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﻜـﺘﻔﺎﻋل‪:‬‬
‫‪H 3C‬‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪CH 2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪HCl‬‬ ‫‪H 3C‬‬ ‫‪HC‬‬ ‫‪CH 3‬‬
‫? ﺒﻠﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫? ﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ‬ ‫? ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫? ﺤﺫﻑ‬

‫‪ -10‬ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺃﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺯﺍل ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻨﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪-2 .‬ﺒﻨﺘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺃﺴﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﺴﻴﺘﺎﻟﺩﻫﺎﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -11‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺘﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ‪(CH3)3CH .‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪CH3(CH2)2CH3 .‬‬
‫ﺩ‪(CH3)2CHCH3 .‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪CH2=CHCH2CH3 .‬‬
‫‪ -12‬ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻴﺯﻭﻤﺭ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ‪CH3CH=CCl2 .‬‬ ‫‪H3C C CH‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪CH3CH=CHCl .‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪CH3CH2CH3 .‬‬
‫‪ -13‬ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ ‪ Ka‬ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻗﻭﻯ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪1 × 10 .‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪3.0× 10‬‬ ‫‪1.4 × 10‬‬ ‫‪1.8 ×10‬‬
‫‪ -14‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﺨﺘﺯﺍل‪:‬‬
‫‪NH3‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪NO2 .‬‬ ‫‪Fe2+‬‬ ‫‪Fe3+‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cr2O72-‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪Cr3+ .‬‬ ‫‪H2 S‬‬ ‫ب‪SO42- .‬‬

‫‪ -15‬ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺫﺭﺘﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻟﻜﺎﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻟﻜﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻟﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪3/...‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﻭﺒﺭﺭ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻜلٍ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪(Mg/Mg2+//Zn2+/Zn) ، ( Al /Al3+ // Zn2+/Zn ) ، (Zn/Zn2+//Cu2+/Cu) ، (Ag+/Ag//Cu/Cu2+) -16‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪..........................................................................................................................................:‬‬
‫‪C3H6‬‬ ‫‪C3H8‬‬ ‫‪C5H10‬‬ ‫‪C4H8‬‬ ‫‪-17‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪...........................................................................................................................................:‬‬
‫‪HSO3--‬‬ ‫‪H2 SO4‬‬ ‫‪SO3‬‬ ‫‪SO42--‬‬ ‫‪-18‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪...........................................................................................................................................:‬‬
‫‪Na2CO3‬‬ ‫‪KNO 3‬‬ ‫‪NaCl‬‬ ‫‪K2SO4‬‬ ‫‪-19‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪...........................................................................................................................................:‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪) :‬ﺃ( ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﺴﻪ ﻭﺃﺠﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ) ‪ /(E‬ﻓﻭﻟﺕ‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Cu(s) + Pb‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Cu‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫)‪+ Pb(s‬‬ ‫‪- 0.48‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‪Ni(s) + Zn2+(aq‬‬ ‫)‪Zn(s) + Ni2+(aq‬‬ ‫‪- 0.53‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Ni(s) + Cu‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Cu(s) + Ni‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.57‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Mg(s)+ Ni‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Ni(s) + Mg‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪+ 2.14‬‬
‫‪20‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻜﺴﺩ ﺍﻷﻗﻭﻯ‪........................................................‬‬
‫‪21‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺯل ﺍﻷﻀﻌﻑ‪................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬ ‫‪22‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺘﻴﺔ؟‪ ......................................‬ﻭ‬

‫‪23‬ـ ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﻓﻠﺯﺍﹰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜل) ‪ (Ni‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺒﺄﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ) ‪........................(Mg‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪24‬ـ ﻓﺴﺭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻑ؟‪..........................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................‬‬
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‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪4/...‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪:‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫)ﺏ( ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻴﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ )‪ (AgIO3‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺸﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻭﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫‪.( Ksp = 3.3 ×10‬‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺤﺎﺼل ﺍﻹﺫﺍﺒﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺏ )‬
‫‪-8‬‬
‫‪ 25‬ـ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺫﻭﺒﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ 26‬ـ ﺃﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
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‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪ 27 :‬ـ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺼﻴﻎ ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻜﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺎﺴﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺏ‬
‫‪..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺒﺭﻭﻤﻭ‪ -3-‬ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻭﺒﻴﻭﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫‪.......................................‬‬
‫‪..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -3 ، 2‬ﻫﻜﺴﺎﻨﺩﻴﻭل‬
‫‪......................................‬‬
‫‪O‬‬
‫‪H3C CH2CH2C OH‬‬
‫‪.........................................‬‬ ‫‪-2‬ﻤﻴﺜﻴل ﺒﻨﺘﺎﻨﺎل‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪5/...‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺘﺄﻤل ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺠﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫‪ 28‬ـ ﺍﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪............................‬‬
‫‪ 29‬ـ ﺃﻋﻁ‪ ‬ﻤﺜﺎﻻﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪......................‬‬
‫‪30‬ـ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ )ﺃ( ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺒﺭﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ؟‪...................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ 31 :‬ـ ﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻀﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪2--‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪3+‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪Cr2O7 +I‬‬ ‫‪Cr + I2‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
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‫‪...............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪6/...‬‬
‫‪ -32‬ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﺒﻭﺘﻴﻥ ﻻ ﺘﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻭﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺨﺒﺭﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺍﻟﻬﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ( ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺍﻟﻬﻜﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ(‪ .‬ﻭﻀﺢ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﻡ؟‬
‫ﻤﺒﺭﺭﺍﹰ ﺇﺠﺎﺒﺘﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪..........‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................‬‬
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‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪) :‬ﺃ( ﺇﻗﺘﺭﺡ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ ﻟﻜلٍ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ 33‬ـ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﻟﻸﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (+2‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺏ ‪ OF2‬؟‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
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‫‪ 34‬ـ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺯﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫)‪NH3(g) + H2O(l‬‬ ‫)‪NH4 (aq)+OH (aq‬‬
‫ﺘﻘل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (pH‬ﺒﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﺢ ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻨﻴﻭﻡ )‪.(NH4Cl‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ 35‬ـ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﻓﻴﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﻴﺎﻜل ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ 36‬ـ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﻏﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻭﻻﺕ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺴﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺠﺯﻴﺌﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫)ﺏ( ‪ 37‬ـ ﺍﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺠﻬﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻭﻭﺠﻬﻲ ﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺼﻴﻥ ـ ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺼﻴﻥ ـ ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪ 1‬ـ ‪............................‬‬ ‫‪............................. - 1‬‬

‫‪ 1‬ـ ‪........................‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ـ ‪........................‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬ـ ‪..............................‬‬
‫‪2‬ـ ‪..............................‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪7/...‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫) ﺃﻭﻻﹰ (‪ 38‬ـ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﻀﻡ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺘﻴﻥ‪ ) :‬ﺃ ( ﺘﻀﻡ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ) ﺏ ( ﺘﻀﻡ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻜﺘﺏ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻜل ﻤﺭﻜﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻥ )ﺃ ( ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ) ﺏ ( ‪:‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫)ب(‬ ‫)أ(‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت ﺑﻮﻟﻲ اﯾﺰوﺑﺮﯾﻦ وذرات اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﻧﻮﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن ﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﺎط اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎﻟﺪھﯿﺪ‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ أداء اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ رﺑﺎﻋﻲ إﯾﺜﯿﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﯾﻮﻻﯾﺖ‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻤﺬﯾﺐ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺰﯾﻦ ﻷﻧﮫ أﻗﻞ ﺳﻤﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫أﯾﺰو ﺑﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻼﺻﻘﺔ وﻃﻼء اﻷﻗﻤﺸﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪MTBE‬‬
‫ﯾﺬاب ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﮭﻮره اﻟﺒﻮﻛﺴﯿﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﻼص اﻷﻟﻮﻣﻮﻧﯿﻮم ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﯿﺔ ) ھﻮل ـ ھﯿﺮوﻟﯿﺖ (‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ راﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ اﻟﺴﺘﺮات اﻟﻮاﻗﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪) :‬ﺃ( ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺭﺴﻤﺎﹰ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺎﹰ ﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻜﻬﺭﻭﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻟﻺﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻭﻟﺕ )‪(E°‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪3+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪+3e‬‬ ‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪1.66‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.80‬‬
‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫‪+e‬‬ ‫‪Ag‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪0.40‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪Cd‬‬ ‫‪+2e‬‬ ‫‪Cd‬‬
‫‪3+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪+3e‬‬ ‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪ 39‬ـ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻁﺒﻲ )ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻡ ‪ ( Cr‬ﻭ)ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ‪ .(Cd‬ﻓﻤﺎﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ؟‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫‪...............‬‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫‪............‬‬
‫‪ -40‬ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ )‪ (A‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ؟‪.....................‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ؟‪..................................‬‬ ‫‪ -41‬ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ]‪ [D‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل‬
‫‪ -42‬ﺃﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (E°‬ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ؟‪...................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪8 /...‬‬
‫)ﺏ( ﻟﺩﻴﻙ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻋﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯل‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻁﻼﺌﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ 43‬ـ ﺼ‪‬ﻑ ﻜﻴﻑ ﺴﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻭﺼل ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻋﻕ ﻭﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻁﺎﺏ؟‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ 44‬ـ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل؟‬

‫‪................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ 45‬ـ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﻜﻼﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ‪.............................................................................................................................. :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ‪............................................................................................................................. :‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪ 46 :‬ـ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ )‪ (C5H12‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻴﺯﻭﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﺇﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪H 3C‬‬
‫‪H3C C CH3‬‬ ‫‪H3C CH2 CH2 CH2CH3‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪47‬ـ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻷﻴﺯﻭﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل؟‬
‫‪ 48‬ـ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻏﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻴﺯﻭﻤﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ)‪ (1‬ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻏﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻴﺯﻭﻤﺭ )‪ .(2‬ﻓﺴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ؟‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻰ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ )ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ( ﻟﻠﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜلٍ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪Cr2O7-2‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻫﻭ‪:‬‬
‫‪+3‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪+ Cr‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫" ‪MnO2‬‬ ‫‪MnO4-2‬‬ ‫‪+ Mn+2‬‬
‫ﺏـ‪A‬ﻭ‪C‬‬ ‫ﺃـ‪A‬ﻭ‪B‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪H2O 2 " H2O + OH-‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪FeO‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪Fe2O3 + Fe‬‬ ‫ﺩـ‪B‬ﻭ‪D‬‬ ‫ﺝـ‪B‬ﻭ‪C‬‬
‫)‪NH3(aq) + H2O(l) D NH4(aq) + OH-(aq‬‬
‫ب‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻵﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﺰن وﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ وﻋﺎء ﺣﺠﻤﮫ ﻟﺘﺮ واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ )‪ ،(CH4‬ﻣﺎذا ﯾﺤﺪث ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻻﺗﺰان )‪ (K‬واﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ ﻟـ)‪(CH4‬؟‬
‫ب‪ [CH4] .‬ﯾﺰداد ‪ K‬ﺗﺰداد‪.‬‬ ‫أ‪ [CH4] .‬ﯾﻘﻞ ‪ K‬ﺗﺰداد ‪.‬‬
‫د‪ [CH4] .‬ﯾﺰداد ‪ K‬ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ [CH4] .‬ﯾﻘﻞ ‪ K‬ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﻴﺘﻔﻜﻙ ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ )‪ (CaO‬ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ )‪.(CaO‬‬
‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫أ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ب‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ج‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪2/...‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫د‪.‬‬


‫ﺏ‪(CH3)3CH .‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪CH3(CH2)2CH3 .‬‬
‫ﺏ‪CH3CH=CCl2 .‬‬ ‫‪H3C C CH‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪3.0× 10‬‬ ‫‪1.4 × 10‬‬ ‫‪1 × 10‬‬ ‫‪1.8 ×10‬‬
‫‪NH3‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪NO2 .‬‬ ‫‪Fe2+‬‬ ‫‪Fe3+‬‬ ‫ج‪.‬‬
‫‪Cr2O72-‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪Cr3+ .‬‬ ‫‪H2 S‬‬ ‫د‪SO42- .‬‬

‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪3/...‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪10‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺘﺭﻤﻴﺯ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺘﺭﻤﻴﺯ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪C3H6‬‬ ‫‪C 3 H8‬‬ ‫‪C5H10‬‬ ‫‪C4H8‬‬ ‫‪-17‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪ :‬ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﻜﻴﻨﺎﺕ ) ﺃﻭ ﺃﻟﻜﻠﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﻠﻘﻴﺔ ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪HSO3--‬‬ ‫‪H2 SO4‬‬ ‫‪SO3‬‬ ‫‪SO42--‬‬ ‫‪-18‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺃﻜﺴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ = ‪ + 4‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ‪.+ 6‬‬
‫‪Na2CO3‬‬ ‫‪KNO 3‬‬ ‫‪NaCl‬‬ ‫‪K2SO4‬‬ ‫‪-19‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺃﻤﻼﺡ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪( pH =7‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪ :‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﻤﻠﺢ ﻗﻠﻭﻱ ) ‪( pH > 7‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Cu(s) + Pb‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Cu‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫)‪+ Pb(s‬‬ ‫‪- 0.48‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‪Ni(s) + Zn2+(aq‬‬ ‫)‪Zn(s) + Ni2+(aq‬‬ ‫‪- 0.53‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Ni(s) + Cu‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Cu(s) + Ni‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.57‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Mg(s)+ Ni‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Ni(s) + Mg‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪+ 2.14‬‬
‫‪20‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻜﺴﺩ ﺍﻷﻗﻭﻯ ‪( Cu+2 ).......‬‬
‫‪21‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺯل ﺍﻷﻀﻌﻑ‪( Cu ) .......‬‬
‫‪22‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺘﻴﺔ؟‪ ( 1 ) ...........‬ﻭ ) ‪( 2‬‬
‫‪23‬ـ ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﻓﻠﺯﺍﹰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜل)‪ (Ni2+‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺒﺄﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ)‪( Zn ) ....(Mg2+‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻜﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﺨﺘﺯل ﺃﻀﻌﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻥ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﺯل ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪4/...‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪11‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪-8‬‬

‫)‪AgIO3( s‬‬ ‫)‪Ag+ (aq) + IO3- (aq‬‬
‫]‪KSP = [Ag+] . [IO3-‬‬
‫ﺑﻔﺮض أن اﻟﺬوﺑﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪ X‬ﻣﻮل ‪ /‬ﻟﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫‪3.3X10-8 = [ X] . [ X] = X2‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺢ = ‪1‬‬ ‫‪X = 1.8 X10-4‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
‫‪[ Ag+] = 1 X1.8X10-4 M‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪CH3 – CH – CH – CH3‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺒﺭﻭﻤﻭ‪ -3-‬ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻭﺒﻴﻭﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫‪Br‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻨﻴل ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ) ﺃﻨﻴﻠﻴﻥ(‬
‫‪CH3 – CH- CH- CH2- CH2- CH 3‬‬

‫‪ -3 ، 2‬ﻫﻜﺴﺎﻨﺩﻴﻭل‬
‫‪OH OH‬‬
‫ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺘﺎﻨﻭﻴﻙ‬
‫‪O‬‬
‫‪CH3-CH2-CH2-CH-CHO‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﻤﻴﺜﻴل ﺒﻨﺘﺎﻨﺎل‬
‫‪CH3‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪5/...‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪12‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫‪ 28‬ـ ﺍﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ) ........‬ﺝ (‬
‫‪ 29‬ـ ﺃﻋﻁ‪ ‬ﻤﺜﺎﻻﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ) .....‬ﺒﻭﻟﻲ ﺇﻴﺜﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻜﻲ (‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺠﺯﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﺹ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺠﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﻭﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺼﻠﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺼﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫‪2--‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪3+‬‬
‫‪Cr2O7 +I‬‬ ‫‪Cr + I2‬‬
‫‪6e- + 14H+ + Cr2O7-2‬‬ ‫‪2 Cr+3 + 7H2O‬‬ ‫‪X 1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2 I-‬‬ ‫‪I2 +2 e-‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪6e- + 14H+ + Cr2O7-2‬‬ ‫‪2 Cr+3 + 7H2O‬‬
‫‪6I-‬‬ ‫‪3I2 + 6e-‬‬
‫‪14 H+ + Cr2O7-2 + 6I-‬‬ ‫‪2Cr+3 + 3I2 + 7H2O‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪6/...‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪13‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﻡ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜلٍ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺯﺍل ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﻡ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻜﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼل ﻫﻭ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Br‬‬ ‫‪Br‬‬
‫‪+ Br2‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ) ﻟﻭﻥ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﻡ ( ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻀﻪ ﻟﻠﻀﻭﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺤﻠﻘﻲ ﻷﻨﻪ‬
‫‪Br‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل‪.‬‬
‫‪+ Br2‬‬ ‫‪+ HBr‬‬

‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻠﻭﺭ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩﻩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﺎﻟﺏ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎﹰ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻭﺭ ‪ -1‬ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺍﻷﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ‪+2‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫)‪NH3(g) + H2O(l‬‬ ‫)‪NH4 (aq)+OH (aq‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺢ ﻴﺤﻭﻱ ﺃﻴﻭﻥ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ‪ NH4+‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﻓﻴﻨﺯﺍﺡ ﺍﻻﺘﺯﺍﻥ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻟﻭﺸﺎﺘﻠﻴﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲ ﻓﻴﻘل ]‪ [OH-‬ﻴﻘل ﻤﻌﻪ ‪ pH‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﺼﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻭﺍﻗل ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪ OH‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻭل ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﺯﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻭل )ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ( ﻓﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻏﻠﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ـ ﻻ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ ﺴﺎﻕ ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪ – 1‬ﺘﺤﻭﻱ ﺴﺎﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬

‫‪ 1‬ـ ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ـ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺕ ﻋﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﺭﻁﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫‪ 2‬ـ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺕ ‪KOH‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ـ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼﻴﻥ‬
‫‪+ MnO2+ NH4Cl +‬ﺠﺭﺍﻓﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪7/...‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪14‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫)ب(‬ ‫)أ(‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت ﺑﻮﻟﻲ اﯾﺰوﺑﺮﯾﻦ وذرات اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﻧﻮﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن ﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﺎط اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎﻟﺪھﯿﺪ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ أداء اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ رﺑﺎﻋﻲ إﯾﺜﯿﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﯾﻮﻻﯾﺖ‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺎً ﻛﻤﺬﯾﺐ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺰﯾﻦ ﻷﻧﮫ اﻗﻞ ﺳﻤﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫أﯾﺰو ﺑﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻼﺻﻘﺔ وﻃﻼء اﻷﻗﻤﺸﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪MTBE‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪3+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪+3e‬‬ ‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪1.66‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.80‬‬
‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫‪+e‬‬ ‫‪Ag‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪0.40‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪Cd‬‬ ‫‪+2e‬‬ ‫‪Cd‬‬
‫‪3+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪+3e‬‬ ‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ) ‪( Cd+2‬‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻡ ) ‪( Cr+3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ ) ﻗﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ (‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ) ﻗﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻡ (‬
‫‪ -40‬ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ )‪ (A‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ؟ ) ﺘﻘل(‬
‫‪ -41‬ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ]‪ [D‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ؟ ) ﻴﻘل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻩ (‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫= ‪Eº‬‬ ‫‪Eº‬ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ ‪ Eº -‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪ -42‬ﺃﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (E°‬ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ؟‬
‫‪E º = - 0.40 – ( - 0. 74 ) = + 0.34 V‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪8 /...‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪15‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ـ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ ) ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺏ ( ‪ :‬ﻤﻠﻌﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻭﻤﻭﻨﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫‪ 2‬ـ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ ) ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺏ ( ‪ :‬ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 47‬ـ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل؟ ) ‪(Ag+‬‬

‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫‪Ag+ + e-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ag+ + e-‬‬ ‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪H 3C‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪47‬ـ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻷﻴﺯﻭﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل؟‬
‫‪H3C-CH-CH2-CH3‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻴﺯﻭﻤﻴﺭ ) ‪ ( 2‬ﻤﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻗل ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺫﺏ ) ﻗﻭﻯ ﺘﺸﺘﺕ ﻟﻨﺩﻥ (‬
‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻀﻌﻑ ﻓﺘﻘل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻏﻠﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪16‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻰ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ )ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ( ﻟﻠﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜلٍ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Cr2O7-2‬‬ ‫‪CrO4-2 + Cr+3‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻫﻭ‪:‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪MnO2‬‬ ‫‪MnO4-2 + Mn+2‬‬ ‫ﺏـ‪A‬ﻭ‪C‬‬ ‫ﺃـ‪A‬ﻭ‪B‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪H2O 2‬‬ ‫‪H2O + OH-‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪FeO‬‬ ‫‪Fe2O3 + Fe‬‬ ‫ﺩـ‪B‬ﻭ‪D‬‬ ‫ﺝـ‪B‬ﻭ‪C‬‬

‫ﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﻤﺘﺯﻥ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻋﺎﺀ ﺤﺠﻤﻪ ﻟﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻨﺩ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ )‪ ،(CH4‬ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺯﺍﻥ )‪ (K‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻟـ)‪(CH4‬؟‬
‫ﺏ‪ [CH4] .‬ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ‪ K‬ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ [CH4] .‬ﻴﻘل ‪ K‬ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ [CH4] .‬ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ‪ K‬ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪ [CH4] .‬ﻴﻘل ‪ K‬ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﻴﺘﻔﻜﻙ ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ )‪ (CaO‬ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ )‪.(CaO‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪2/...‬‬


‫ﺏ‪(CH3)3CH .‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪CH3(CH2)2CH3 .‬‬
‫ﺏ‪CH3CH=CCl2 .‬‬ ‫‪H3C C CH‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪1 × 10 .‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪3.0× 10‬‬ ‫‪1.4 × 10‬‬ ‫‪1.8 ×10‬‬
‫‪NH3‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪NO2 .‬‬ ‫‪Fe2+‬‬ ‫‪Fe3+‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cr2O72-‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪Cr3+ .‬‬ ‫‪H2 S‬‬ ‫ب‪SO42- .‬‬

‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪3/...‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪..........................................................................................................................................:‬‬
‫‪C3H6‬‬ ‫‪C3H8‬‬ ‫‪C5H10‬‬ ‫‪C4H8‬‬ ‫‪-17‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪...........................................................................................................................................:‬‬
‫‪HSO3--‬‬ ‫‪H2 SO4‬‬ ‫‪SO3‬‬ ‫‪SO42--‬‬ ‫‪-18‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪...........................................................................................................................................:‬‬
‫‪Na2CO3‬‬ ‫‪KNO 3‬‬ ‫‪NaCl‬‬ ‫‪K2SO4‬‬ ‫‪-19‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪...........................................................................................................................................:‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Cu(s) + Pb‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Cu‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫)‪+ Pb(s‬‬ ‫‪- 0.48‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‪Ni(s) + Zn2+(aq‬‬ ‫)‪Zn(s) + Ni2+(aq‬‬ ‫‪- 0.53‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Ni(s) + Cu‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Cu(s) + Ni‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.57‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Mg(s)+ Ni‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Ni(s) + Mg‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪+ 2.14‬‬
‫‪20‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻜﺴﺩ ﺍﻷﻗﻭﻯ‪........................................................‬‬
‫‪21‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺯل ﺍﻷﻀﻌﻑ‪................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬ ‫‪22‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺘﻴﺔ؟‪ ......................................‬ﻭ‬

‫‪23‬ـ ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﻓﻠﺯﺍﹰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜل) ‪ (Ni‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺒﺄﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ) ‪........................(Mg‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪4/...‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪-8‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺝ‬
‫‪..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺒﺭﻭﻤﻭ‪ -3-‬ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻭﺒﻴﻭﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫‪.......................................‬‬
‫‪..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -3 ، 2‬ﻫﻜﺴﺎﻨﺩﻴﻭل‬
‫‪......................................‬‬
‫‪O‬‬
‫‪.........................................‬‬ ‫‪-2‬ﻤﻴﺜﻴل ﺒﻨﺘﺎﻨﺎل‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪5/...‬‬
‫‪25‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫‪ 28‬ـ ﺍﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪............................‬‬
‫‪ 29‬ـ ﺃﻋﻁ‪ ‬ﻤﺜﺎﻻﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪......................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪2--‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪3+‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪Cr2O7 +I‬‬ ‫‪Cr + I2‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪6/...‬‬
‫‪..........‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫)‪NH3(g) + H2O(l‬‬ ‫)‪NH4 (aq)+OH (aq‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ـ ‪............................‬‬ ‫‪............................. - 1‬‬

‫‪ 1‬ـ ‪........................‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ـ ‪........................‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬ـ ‪..............................‬‬
‫‪2‬ـ ‪..............................‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪7/...‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫)ب(‬ ‫)أ(‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت ﺑﻮﻟﻲ اﯾﺰوﺑﺮﯾﻦ وذرات اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﻧﻮﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن ﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﺎط اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎﻟﺪھﯿﺪ‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ أداء اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ رﺑﺎﻋﻲ إﯾﺜﯿﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﯾﻮﻻﯾﺖ‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻤﺬﯾﺐ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺰﯾﻦ ﻷﻧﮫ أﻗﻞ ﺳﻤﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫أﯾﺰو ﺑﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻼﺻﻘﺔ وﻃﻼء اﻷﻗﻤﺸﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪MTBE‬‬

‫‪3+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪+3e‬‬ ‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪1.66‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.80‬‬
‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫‪+e‬‬ ‫‪Ag‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪0.40‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪Cd‬‬ ‫‪+2e‬‬ ‫‪Cd‬‬
‫‪3+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪+3e‬‬ ‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫‪...............‬‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫‪............‬‬
‫‪ -40‬ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ )‪ (A‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ؟‪.....................‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ؟‪..................................‬‬ ‫‪ -41‬ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ]‪ [D‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل‬
‫‪ -42‬ﺃﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (E°‬ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ؟‪...................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪8 /...‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ 44‬ـ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل؟‬

‫‪................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ‪.............................................................................................................................. :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ‪............................................................................................................................. :‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪H 3C‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪47‬ـ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻷﻴﺯﻭﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل؟‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻰ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ )ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ( ﻟﻠﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜلٍ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪Cr2O7-2‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪CrO4-2‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻫﻭ‪:‬‬
‫‪+3‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪+ Cr‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫" ‪MnO2‬‬ ‫‪MnO4-2‬‬ ‫‪+ Mn+2‬‬
‫ﺏـ‪A‬ﻭ‪C‬‬ ‫ﺃـ‪A‬ﻭ‪B‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪H2O 2 " H2O + OH-‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪FeO‬‬ ‫"‬ ‫‪Fe2O3 + Fe‬‬ ‫ﺩـ‪B‬ﻭ‪D‬‬ ‫ﺝـ‪B‬ﻭ‪C‬‬
‫)‪NH3(aq) + H2O(l) D NH4(aq) + OH-(aq‬‬
‫ب‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻵﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﺰن وﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ وﻋﺎء ﺣﺠﻤﮫ ﻟﺘﺮ واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ )‪ ،(CH4‬ﻣﺎذا ﯾﺤﺪث ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻻﺗﺰان )‪ (K‬واﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ ﻟـ)‪(CH4‬؟‬
‫ب‪ [CH4] .‬ﯾﺰداد ‪ K‬ﺗﺰداد‪.‬‬ ‫أ‪ [CH4] .‬ﯾﻘﻞ ‪ K‬ﺗﺰداد ‪.‬‬
‫د‪ [CH4] .‬ﯾﺰداد ‪ K‬ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ [CH4] .‬ﯾﻘﻞ ‪ K‬ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﻴﺘﻔﻜﻙ ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ )‪ (CaO‬ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ )‪.(CaO‬‬
‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫أ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ب‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ج‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪2/...‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫د‪.‬‬


‫ﺏ‪(CH3)3CH .‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪CH3(CH2)2CH3 .‬‬
‫ﺏ‪CH3CH=CCl2 .‬‬ ‫‪H3C C CH‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪3.0× 10‬‬ ‫‪1.4 × 10‬‬ ‫‪1 × 10‬‬ ‫‪1.8 ×10‬‬
‫‪NH3‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪NO2 .‬‬ ‫‪Fe2+‬‬ ‫‪Fe3+‬‬ ‫ج‪.‬‬
‫‪Cr2O72-‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪Cr3+ .‬‬ ‫‪H2 S‬‬ ‫د‪SO42- .‬‬

‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪3/...‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪10‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺘﺭﻤﻴﺯ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺘﺭﻤﻴﺯ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪C3H6‬‬ ‫‪C 3 H8‬‬ ‫‪C5H10‬‬ ‫‪C4H8‬‬ ‫‪-17‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪ :‬ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﻜﻴﻨﺎﺕ ) ﺃﻭ ﺃﻟﻜﻠﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﻠﻘﻴﺔ ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪HSO3--‬‬ ‫‪H2 SO4‬‬ ‫‪SO3‬‬ ‫‪SO42--‬‬ ‫‪-18‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺃﻜﺴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ = ‪ + 4‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ‪.+ 6‬‬
‫‪Na2CO3‬‬ ‫‪KNO 3‬‬ ‫‪NaCl‬‬ ‫‪K2SO4‬‬ ‫‪-19‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‪...................................:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺃﻤﻼﺡ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪( pH =7‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭ‪ :‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﻤﻠﺢ ﻗﻠﻭﻱ ) ‪( pH > 7‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Cu(s) + Pb‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Cu‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫)‪+ Pb(s‬‬ ‫‪- 0.48‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‪Ni(s) + Zn2+(aq‬‬ ‫)‪Zn(s) + Ni2+(aq‬‬ ‫‪- 0.53‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Ni(s) + Cu‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Cu(s) + Ni‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.57‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Mg(s)+ Ni‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪Ni(s) + Mg‬‬ ‫)‪(aq‬‬ ‫‪+ 2.14‬‬
‫‪20‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻜﺴﺩ ﺍﻷﻗﻭﻯ ‪( Cu+2 ).......‬‬
‫‪21‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺯل ﺍﻷﻀﻌﻑ‪( Cu ) .......‬‬
‫‪22‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺘﻴﺔ؟‪ ( 1 ) ...........‬ﻭ ) ‪( 2‬‬
‫‪23‬ـ ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﻓﻠﺯﺍﹰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜل)‪ (Ni2+‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺒﺄﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ)‪( Zn ) ....(Mg2+‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻜﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﺨﺘﺯل ﺃﻀﻌﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻥ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﺯل ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪4/...‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪11‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪-8‬‬

‫)‪AgIO3( s‬‬ ‫)‪Ag+ (aq) + IO3- (aq‬‬
‫]‪KSP = [Ag+] . [IO3-‬‬
‫ﺑﻔﺮض أن اﻟﺬوﺑﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪ X‬ﻣﻮل ‪ /‬ﻟﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫‪3.3X10-8 = [ X] . [ X] = X2‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺢ = ‪1‬‬ ‫‪X = 1.8 X10-4‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
‫‪[ Ag+] = 1 X1.8X10-4 M‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪CH3 – CH – CH – CH3‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺒﺭﻭﻤﻭ‪ -3-‬ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻭﺒﻴﻭﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫‪Br‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻨﻴل ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ) ﺃﻨﻴﻠﻴﻥ(‬
‫‪CH3 – CH- CH- CH2- CH2- CH 3‬‬

‫‪ -3 ، 2‬ﻫﻜﺴﺎﻨﺩﻴﻭل‬
‫‪OH OH‬‬
‫ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺘﺎﻨﻭﻴﻙ‬
‫‪O‬‬
‫‪CH3-CH2-CH2-CH-CHO‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﻤﻴﺜﻴل ﺒﻨﺘﺎﻨﺎل‬
‫‪CH3‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪5/...‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪12‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫‪ 28‬ـ ﺍﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ) ........‬ﺝ (‬
‫‪ 29‬ـ ﺃﻋﻁ‪ ‬ﻤﺜﺎﻻﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ) .....‬ﺒﻭﻟﻲ ﺇﻴﺜﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻜﻲ (‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺠﺯﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﺹ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺠﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﻭﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺼﻠﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺼﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫‪2--‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪3+‬‬
‫‪Cr2O7 +I‬‬ ‫‪Cr + I2‬‬
‫‪6e- + 14H+ + Cr2O7-2‬‬ ‫‪2 Cr+3 + 7H2O‬‬ ‫‪X 1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2 I-‬‬ ‫‪I2 +2 e-‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪6e- + 14H+ + Cr2O7-2‬‬ ‫‪2 Cr+3 + 7H2O‬‬
‫‪6I-‬‬ ‫‪3I2 + 6e-‬‬
‫‪14 H+ + Cr2O7-2 + 6I-‬‬ ‫‪2Cr+3 + 3I2 + 7H2O‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪6/...‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪13‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﻡ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜلٍ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺯﺍل ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﻡ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻜﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼل ﻫﻭ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Br‬‬ ‫‪Br‬‬
‫‪+ Br2‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ) ﻟﻭﻥ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﻡ ( ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻀﻪ ﻟﻠﻀﻭﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺤﻠﻘﻲ ﻷﻨﻪ‬
‫‪Br‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل‪.‬‬
‫‪+ Br2‬‬ ‫‪+ HBr‬‬

‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻠﻭﺭ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩﻩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﺎﻟﺏ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎﹰ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻭﺭ ‪ -1‬ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﺍﻷﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ‪+2‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫)‪NH3(g) + H2O(l‬‬ ‫)‪NH4 (aq)+OH (aq‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺢ ﻴﺤﻭﻱ ﺃﻴﻭﻥ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ‪ NH4+‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﻓﻴﻨﺯﺍﺡ ﺍﻻﺘﺯﺍﻥ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻟﻭﺸﺎﺘﻠﻴﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲ ﻓﻴﻘل ]‪ [OH-‬ﻴﻘل ﻤﻌﻪ ‪ pH‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﺼﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻭﺍﻗل ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪ OH‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻭل ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﺯﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻭل )ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ( ﻓﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻏﻠﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ـ ﻻ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ ﺴﺎﻕ ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪ – 1‬ﺘﺤﻭﻱ ﺴﺎﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬

‫‪ 1‬ـ ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ـ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺕ ﻋﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﺭﻁﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫‪ 2‬ـ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺕ ‪KOH‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ـ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼﻴﻥ‬
‫‪+ MnO2+ NH4Cl +‬ﺠﺭﺍﻓﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪7/...‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪14‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫)ب(‬ ‫)أ(‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت ﺑﻮﻟﻲ اﯾﺰوﺑﺮﯾﻦ وذرات اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﻧﻮﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن ﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﺎط اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎﻟﺪھﯿﺪ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ أداء اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ رﺑﺎﻋﻲ إﯾﺜﯿﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﯾﻮﻻﯾﺖ‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺎً ﻛﻤﺬﯾﺐ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺰﯾﻦ ﻷﻧﮫ اﻗﻞ ﺳﻤﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫أﯾﺰو ﺑﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻼﺻﻘﺔ وﻃﻼء اﻷﻗﻤﺸﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪MTBE‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪3+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪+3e‬‬ ‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪1.66‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.80‬‬
‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫‪+e‬‬ ‫‪Ag‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪0.40‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪Cd‬‬ ‫‪+2e‬‬ ‫‪Cd‬‬
‫‪3+‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪+3e‬‬ ‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ) ‪( Cd+2‬‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻡ ) ‪( Cr+3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ ) ﻗﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ (‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ) ﻗﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻡ (‬
‫‪ -40‬ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ )‪ (A‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ؟ ) ﺘﻘل(‬
‫‪ -41‬ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ]‪ [D‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ؟ ) ﻴﻘل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻩ (‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫= ‪Eº‬‬ ‫‪Eº‬ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ ‪ Eº -‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪ -42‬ﺃﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (E°‬ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ؟‬
‫‪E º = - 0.40 – ( - 0. 74 ) = + 0.34 V‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪8 /...‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪15‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ـ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ ) ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺏ ( ‪ :‬ﻤﻠﻌﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻭﻤﻭﻨﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫‪ 2‬ـ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ ) ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺏ ( ‪ :‬ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 47‬ـ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل؟ ) ‪(Ag+‬‬

‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫‪Ag+ + e-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ag+ + e-‬‬ ‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪H 3C‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪47‬ـ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻷﻴﺯﻭﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل؟‬
‫‪H3C-CH-CH2-CH3‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻴﺯﻭﻤﻴﺭ ) ‪ ( 2‬ﻤﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻗل ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺫﺏ ) ﻗﻭﻯ ﺘﺸﺘﺕ ﻟﻨﺩﻥ (‬
‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻀﻌﻑ ﻓﺘﻘل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻏﻠﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪16‬‬

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‫اﻟﻤـــﺎدة ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎء‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻋﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ‪ 2010 / 2009‬ﻡ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜلٍ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪H2O 2‬‬ ‫‪H2O + OH-‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺯﺍﻥ )‪ (K‬ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﻤﺘﺯﻥ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻋﺎﺀ ﺤﺠﻤﻪ ﻟﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬

‫)‪H2(g) + I2(g‬‬ ‫)‪2HI(g‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (Kc‬ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬

‫? ﺒﻠﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫? ﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ‬ ‫? ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫? ﺤﺫﻑ‬

‫‪Cr2O72-‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪Cr3+ .‬‬ ‫‪H2 S‬‬ ‫ب‪SO42- .‬‬

‫‪20‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻜﺴﺩ ﺍﻷﻗﻭﻯ‪........................................................‬‬

‫‪21‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺯل ﺍﻷﻀﻌﻑ‪................................................................‬‬

‫‪................................‬‬ ‫‪22‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺘﻴﺔ؟‪ ......................................‬ﻭ‬

‫‪24‬ـ ﻓﺴﺭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻑ؟‪..........................................................‬‬

‫‪ 25‬ـ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺫﻭﺒﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 26‬ـ ﺃﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺏ‬

‫‪..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺒﺭﻭﻤﻭ‪ -3-‬ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻭﺒﻴﻭﺘﺎﻥ‬

‫‪.........................................‬‬ ‫‪-2‬ﻤﻴﺜﻴل ﺒﻨﺘﺎﻨﺎل‬

‫ﻭﺃﺠﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬

‫‪ 28‬ـ ﺍﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪............................‬‬

‫‪ 29‬ـ ﺃﻋﻁ‪ ‬ﻤﺜﺎﻻﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪......................‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ 31 :‬ـ ﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻀﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪) :‬ﺃ( ﺇﻗﺘﺭﺡ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ ﻟﻜلٍ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ 33‬ـ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺴﺩ ﻟﻸﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (+2‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺏ ‪ OF2‬؟‬

‫‪ 34‬ـ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺯﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺼﻴﻥ ـ ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫‪ 1‬ـ ‪............................‬‬ ‫‪............................. - 1‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ )ﺃ ( ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ) ﺏ ( ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﻧﻮﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن ﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﺎط اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎﻟﺪھﯿﺪ‬

‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ راﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ اﻟﺴﺘﺮات اﻟﻮاﻗﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻭﻟﺕ )‪(E°‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬

‫‪ 44‬ـ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل؟‬

‫‪47‬ـ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻷﻴﺯﻭﻤﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل؟‬

‫اﻟﻤـــﺎدة ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎء‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻵﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﺰن وﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ وﻋﺎء ﺣﺠﻤﮫ ﻟﺘﺮ واﺣﺪ‬

‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬

‫)‪H2(g) + I2(g‬‬ ‫)‪2HI(g‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (Kc‬ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬

‫? ﺒﻠﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫? ﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ‬ ‫? ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫? ﺤﺫﻑ‬

‫‪Cr2O72-‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪Cr3+ .‬‬ ‫‪H2 S‬‬ ‫د‪SO42- .‬‬

‫‪21‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺯل ﺍﻷﻀﻌﻑ‪( Cu ) .......‬‬

‫‪22‬ـ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻟﻴﺘﻴﺔ؟‪ ( 1 ) ...........‬ﻭ ) ‪( 2‬‬

‫‪24‬ـ ﻓﺴﺭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻑ؟‪..........................................................‬‬

‫‪ 25‬ـ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺫﻭﺒﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 26‬ـ ﺃﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‪.‬‬

‫]‪KSP = [Ag+] . [IO3-‬‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫‪3.3X10-8 = [ X] . [ X] = X2‬‬

‫‪[ Ag+] = 1 X1.8X10-4 M‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﻨﻴل ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ) ﺃﻨﻴﻠﻴﻥ(‬

‫‪CH3 – CH- CH- CH2- CH2- CH 3‬‬

‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪5/...‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪12‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﺠﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬

‫‪ 28‬ـ ﺍﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺒﻭﻟﻴﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ) ........‬ﺝ (‬

‫‪6e- + 14H+ + Cr2O7-2‬‬ ‫‪2 Cr+3 + 7H2O‬‬ ‫‪X 1‬‬

‫‪6e- + 14H+ + Cr2O7-2‬‬ ‫‪2 Cr+3 + 7H2O‬‬

‫‪6I-‬‬ ‫‪3I2 + 6e-‬‬

‫‪14 H+ + Cr2O7-2 + 6I-‬‬ ‫‪2Cr+3 + 3I2 + 7H2O‬‬