Professional Documents
Culture Documents
On
PREPARED BY
PGPM
The requirements of
(PGPM )at
NEW DELHI
1
Declaration.
Batch 18
PGPM (International)
(Signed) ___________________________
2
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank one and all who have taken time
off their busy schedule to help in pursuing my Project and
without whose help it would not have been possible for me to
prepare this project report. I would like to thank them for their
advice and aids in numerous ways and their unending support
right from the stage the idea for this project was conceived.
3
INDEX
Sr.no Chapters Page no.
1 Chapter -I
1.1 Introduction 8
1.2 Grapes 10
1.3 Market Scenario 11
1.4 Period of price fluctuation 11
2 Chapter - II
2.1 Export Of Grapes 15
2.2 Export Specification 16
2.3 Export Specification Of Different 19
Country
3 Chapter III
3.1 Weight Of The Bunch 22
3.2 Average Size Of The Grapes 23
3.3 Average Brix Of The Grapes 24
3.4 Price Paid To The Farmer During The Season 25
4 Chapter IV
Chain of events in Grapes export
4.1. Residue Analysis 28
4.2. Harvesting 28
4.3 Knitting and Sorting/ Grading 28
4.4 Weighing and Packing 29
4.6 Palletization 30
4
4.8 Loading of container 32
5 Chapter V
Conclusion 37
5
Executive Summary
On the basic of internal data study of the company it can be said that quality
6
For Thompson Seedless.
Average price paid to farmers for this variety of grapes around Rs 35.00 Average
weight of bunch recorded is 225 gm and the brix content is around is18.00%Size
of the berry was 16.35 and the diseased produce received at the pack house is less
than 1%.
7
CHAPTER – I
8
INTRODUCTION,
MARKET SCENARIO,
PRICE FLUCTUATION,
EXPORT SPECIFICATION
OF GRAPES.
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Today India is the second largest producer of the fruits (45.5 Million tons)
and Vegetables (90.8 Million tons ) in the world ,contributing 10.23%and
14.45%of the total world production of fruits and vegetables respectively .India
has made a fairly good progress on horticulture Map of world with total annual
production of The horticulture crops touching over 149 million tons India has
been bestowed with wide range of climate and physio-geographical conditions and
9
as such is most suitable for growing various kinds of horticultural crops such as
fruits, vegetables, flowers , nuts , spices and plantation crops.
With the focused attention given to horticulture, there has been spectacular
change in terms of adoption of new technologies, production and availability of
horticulture products. Fruits and vegetables constitute around 10 per cent of the
total agriculture production of the country. This sector offers enormous potential
for export.
Highly perishable nature of his fruits and vegetable make their marketing
system more costly and complex. Timely and procurement of fruits and
10
vegetable in bulk is of immense importance for exporters. Transportation
plays an important role in fruits and vegetable marketing.
• .Other exports from Nashik District are Pomegranate, Onion, and Banana etc.
1.2 Grapes
Maharashtra is a leading state in production of Grapes in whole country. In regards
to agriculture land under grapes cultivation & grapes production, Nasik & Sangli
districts are at forefront in the state. Apart from these, grapes are also grown in the
districts of Ahmednagar, Pune , Satara , Solapur and Osmanabad. Now a day’s
11
grapes are produced in Latur district of Marathwada. However, Nasik and Sangli
districts are ahead in the production of grapes in a scientific manner.
Figure
12
Area under grapes in Maharashtra is 35236 hectare (ha), out of which Nasik and
Sangli districts contribute 24174 ha and 8255 ha respectively. Maharashtra
produces around 988722 MT of grapes annually, in which Nasik and Sangli
districts contribution is 500406 MT and 231635 MT. Total exports of Grapes from
from India is 26793.83 MT valuing 105.89 crores out of which nearly 80 % is
exported from Maharashtra. The Varieties grown in Maharashtra are Thompson
seedless, Tas-e-Ganesh, Sharad seedless, Flame seedless and Sonaka.
Export of grapes from nasik stands at 7613.63 MT during 2003-04. Usually very
little quantity of export quality grapes comes to APMCs. Export grapes are usually
Procured at the fare gate. Traders and exports go directly to farms 20-25 days
before harvest and they fix a procurement price based on the grade.
Low price: Nov to Dec with the average price around Rs.7 to 9/kg
In this market some variety always fetch good price. A general price for varieties
can be given below:
13
Variety Price Rs/kg
Sonaka 25-30
Tas-e-Ganesh 10-15
Sharad seedless 25-35
Thompson seedless 15-20
Flame seedless 25-28
Sangli:
It is second largest grapes growing and exporting district in Maharastra. Export
quality grapes won’t come to here. So exporters and traders go directly to farmer’s
orchard. The important growing regions are Malegaon, Miraj, Nimni, Savlaj and
Tasgaon. Nearly 250-300 containers of grapes will be exported this year from
Sangli district alone. During last year (2008-09) the farm gate procurement price of
export quality grapes fluctuated with the time like this.
March15-30: Rs 50 / kg
Solapur Market:
Solapur is also very big market for grapes .Grapes arrival is from Solapur, Sangli,
and Baramati and from regions of Kolhapur surrounding Sangli. Distribution is
mainly to Bihar, Bengal, Orisa, and Southern Indian states. There are many Bihar
and Bengal traders operating in this market. In this market grape price depends on
variety of grape. The prices of some important varieties are given below. Nearly
80% of the production is Thompson seedless and 10-15% is Sharad and flame
seedless. Rest is from other varieties.
14
Variety Price Rs/kg
Sonaka 25-30
Tas-e-Ganesh 10-15
Sharad seedless 25-35
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CHAPTER-II
EXPORT OF GRAPES
16
2.1 EXPORT OF GRAPES
Varieties in Demand:
Clone and Tash-e-Ganesh are also having demand to some extend in Dubai and
Middle East.Thompson seedless constitutes nearly 95% of grapes export to Europe
and UK, but for Dubai and Middle East market ,along with Thompson seedless
,Sharad seedless, Sonaka, 2-A clone and Tas-e –Ganesh are preferred.
17
2.2 EXPORT SPECIFICATION (HOLLAND)
18
Berries-General
6 Appearance with 8 % Free from sunburn.
tolerance
Berries-General
7 Appearance with 10 % Free from dry stems and dirt.
tolerance
Tolerances in % refers to the amount of examined fruit ( not cluster ) out of a
representative quantity taken on an random basis out of the entire delivery
All Quality defects in the above mentioned, may not exceed 5 % provided that the
individual deviations are within their stipulated limits
Evenly colored skin should be free from pest
damage or physical damage. No bruising, hail
8 Skin Blemish
marks, splits, cracks, open cuts or rots, sunburn,
sulphur bleaching
Stems and pedicles fresh and green, not dry and
9 Vine Condition
brown.
Bunch - shape typical of variety; not straggly or
10 Shape/Dimensions over tight;- round or slightly oval, not excessively
elongated.
Organoleptic
Sweet and refreshing flavor balanced by a hint of
11 Flavor
acidity.
12 Texture/Consistency Juicy, with tender skin and crisp, crunchy flesh.
13 Aroma None, free from any foreign odour
Physical
14 Sugar Content Minimum - 16 degree Brix. Max 20 Brix
15 Sugar/Acid Ratio 18:1 minimum, Target 20 : 1
Minimum 15 mm, as Regular, Large 16- 18 mm,
Berry Size, printed on
16 Extra Large 18-20 mm. XXL.20 mm and up. Target
the Label
average16 - 18 mm.
Minimal dropped berries (shatter) in packaging:
17 Dropped Berries
tolerance up to 4 % by weight, Target zero.
9 Pouches of min 510 gms. (By packing) per 4.5
kg carton. Preference of 1 bunch
18 Pouch weight per bag, with a tolerance for 2 bunches of
even weight in 1 bag, No single bunch to weigh less
than 200gms.
19
10 punnets of min 520 gms (by packing) per 5 kg
carton. Max three bunches per punnet with a
19 Punnet weight
minimum weight allowed to about 50gms for third
bunch for adjustment of weight purposes.
No insects, spiders or mites to be present in the
20 Insects, Spiders
product or packaging.
Additional All produce supplied to this specification must
21
Information have been grown in
compliance with the APEDA NRC document
and relevant GlobalGap
Protocol.
22 Pesticide residues As per European MRL's limits of 1-9-2008.
The APEDA authorized Laboratory are ISO
17.025 certified pesticide
Residue field tests report codes are traceable via
the packing list.
20
EXPORT SPECIFICATION OF DIFFERENT COUNTRY
21
CHAPTER-III
22
Three major quality parameters for export of the berries at
post harvesting are-
1. Size of the grapes
Thompson seedless contributed nearly 90%of the total exported the European
Union and UK while Shared Seedless was the major variety that was exported
to Middle East.
Ll. Quality of Thompson variety of seed with respect to the period of the
procurement is shown in the graphs below.
23
Total 40.05 296.78 16.01 18.01 Less than 1
%
24
3.2 AVERAGE SIZE OF THE GRAPES
From the table 2.2 it can be established that the size of the produce is less in the
start of the season as compared to the mid and the end of the season. From the
below graph it is easily seen that the size of the fruit is height at end of the season
which implies a better quality according to UK and EU Standards
25
3.3 AVERAGE BRIX OF THE GRAPES
From the table 2.3 it can be clearly seen that there is not much variation in the brix
of the fruit during the whole season. Brix of the fruit also depend on the irrigation
26
of the field .if there is rain or the just irrigated then the average brix in the grapes
will increase and make it unsuitable for the grape export. More brix means more
sugar content in the grapes which increase its chance contamination during
transportation of grapes
27
3.4 PRICE PAID TO THE FARMER DURING THE
SEASON.
Observation: From the table 2.4 it can be seen that the farmer are getting the lower
price at the start of the season and price go high as the season comes to end. The
price of the grapes depends mostly on the size of the grapes the demand and supply
of grapes in the market.
Inference: it can be inferred from the table 2.4 that the size of produce is giving
better returns to the farmer at the end of season. It can also be inferred that in the
late season due to the constant demand and decreased supply from the domestic
market the price of grapes are going on the higher side.
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Thus it can be seen that the quality norms are very stringent for the export to the
countries of European Union and UK. The processing cost for the exports to these
countries is very high and the risk of rejection is also very high so it is very risky
business to exports to these countries. It is very high best on the part of field fresh
that there procurement procedure is very good that the diseased material reaching
the pack house is always less than 1% which symbolizes good procurement
practices and good logistics operation at Field Fresh Foods.
29
Chapter IV
CHAIN OF EVENTS IN GRAPES EXPORT
30
CHAIN OF EVENTS IN GRAPES EXPORT
The Varity of grapes that is exported from the Nasik region mostly this time
is Sharad Seedless and Thompson Seedless .Out of the to varieties Sharad is the
black variety and Thompson Seedless is green variety of table grapes .Sharad takes
100-110 days to harvest after the flowering stage so the yield starts from the month
of late December. It is mostly exported to ME as the quality assurance parameters
are less binding on the Middle East than to the European Union.
Sampling of grapes for residue analysis is usually done 10-20 days before
harvest .5 kg sample is taken randomly from each farm, in which 3 kg is crushed
for testing immediately and 2 kg sample is kept in cold storage foe 45 days till the
consignment reach destination without any hindrance. There are eight authorized
institutions throughout India that can conduct residue analysis test .The list of these
authorized residue testing institutions are given in the annexure. For this test, they
charge Rs.300/ sample for one pesticide and Rs 7500/ sample for all 87 chemicals.
APEDA will give 50% subsidy foe reside analysis. This year National Horticulture
Mission (NHM) has given 100% subsidy for residue analysis test of all
horticultural produce. Residue analysis report will be given to farmers within 6-8
days. The residue analysis test is done for 92 chemical.
4.2. Harvesting:
4.3 Knitting and Sorting/ Grading: Afterwards knitting of non uniform and
water berries is done followed by sorting and weighing as per importers
requirement.Usally Export specification will be as follows.
31
4.4 Weighing and Packing
Grapes are usually packed in three types of Cardboard boxes for export each
box will have to be packed with grape guard, tear off liner and bubble sheets
for Europe. For Middle East, each box has to be packed with paper cuttings,
along with grape guard tape to hold two boxes.
32
Tear off Liner @ 1.95 5655
39 /kg
4.5 Pre cooling and Cold Storage: Pre –cooling is done at 0-9 C for 6-
8hours.Usually cold stored for 5-8 days depending on export suitability. For
storing the produce for 6-8 days, Rs 5 kg is charged.
4.6 Palletization: Wooden pellets are used to keep card boxes with in the
containers. Grapes are exported in 40 ft container. Each container can hold 20
pallets and carries 14.5 MT of grapes.
33
be issued by Private certified Pest control agency or pellet supplier
fumigation charge is Rs 20-25 / pallet. So for a 40 ft container containing
20 pallets, this charge may end up at Rs 400-500.
1. Application
4. Performa invoice
12. Self-
certified copy of the certificate of AGMARK Grading (CAG) ISSUED
BY the concerned Office of Marketing and Inspection.
34
13.A Challan of prescribed fess paid for inspection.
4.8 Loading of container: Refer container usually comes from JNPT to the
farm gate. While loading the grape to container, Central excise officer will
inspect the commodity as per the purchase order and seal the container. Once
the container is sealed, it cannot be opened by anybody till it reaches its
destination.
35
Transportation Charge to carry a 40 ft refer container to
JNPT, Mumbai.
Sr. No From Transportation cost
1 Nasik Rs 20000/ container
2 Pune Rs 18000/ container
3 Sangli/ Tasgaon Rs 25000 / container
- Invoice
- Certificate of origin.
For agro exports, excise duty is not applicable. Customs Duty @ 1% with
respect to the cost of the invoice is charged while processing the documents.
36
- Terminal Handling charges for 40 ft container is Rs.15000
4.10 Post Landing Cost: Post landing cost includes unloading, cold storage,
transportation, import duty and importers commission for the year 2008-09.
Country Rs/kg
UK 28.22
European Union 26.20
Dubai 12.06
Importers commission
- EU -8 %
Residue Analysis test in the importing country costs around 25000/ sample
This test is done only in UK and European country. If rejected the labour
charge and dumping costs should be paid by the exporter.
Mode of Payment:
Normally in the trade of agro exports (expect onion, rice and other cereals
mango pulp) importer never provides Letter of credit (L/C) Such export is
done on consignment basis (payment as per actual sales) Exports get the
payment after deducting port charge, transportation and commission etc .of
the importing country .In certain country export is undertaken on the fixed
rates. Market Credit of the importer should be checked before entering into
37
the trade. Importer’s credit can be checked by international credit
organizations like Dun and Bradstreet. Export Credit Guarantee Corporation
of India (E C G C) also undertakes such type of credit certification work.
Sales proceed gets deposited in the bank in foreign currency. Export
documents including Export Promotion (E P) copy should be retained by
exporter.
The grapes are generally exported in 40 ft. container which can hold 20 pallets.
The total capacity of 40 ft container is 14500 kg of Grapes.
38
Days to Dubai.
39
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
40
The advent of new varieties having high consumer preference and technical
advancement in cultivation has made this crop more popular.
Thomson seedless and sharad seedless variety is best suited for cultivation in
the tropical areas. This variety is one of the best varieties suitable for export
purpose and it is gaining popularity among consumers.
Most of the Grapes produced is consumed locally and about 1 per cent is
exported. The exports have not been substantial since the international
standards were not known.
Of late, Indian grapes have penetrated into the European Union since
suitable varieties conforming to international standards are being produced.
Karnataka has exported about 2000 MT to other countries during the last
few years. There is potential for export to the United State of America also.
Diseases such as Powdary mildew, Downy Mildew, etc., have created
problems in obtaining economic yields.
In this background, India can definitely make a dent in grapes trade in the
world market.
41