INTRODUCTION OF REPORT

OBJECTIVITY

Purpose of the Internship Experience

Internships provide an opportunity for students to link theory with practice and
further serve as a temporary labor pool for those agencies that have committed to
participate in the internship program. The internship help fulfill its mission of preparing
students for significant professional and managerial positions in the public sector.

Interns are expected to exhibit professionalism at all times during the experience. This
professionalism should be evident in their interactions with clients, co-workers, and
supervisors. Interns are expected to apply their knowledge, skills, and abilities in the
performance of all duties, to behave ethically, and to follow all rules and policies of the
site. It is a requirement for graduation.

Internship at PAK ELEKTRON LTD

1. Provided me with a practical real world experience in the public or

nonprofit sector.

2. Enabled me to develop important public administration skills which

cannot be taught in the classroom. These experiences vary from working
on special projects for the interning agency to learning about the human
motivation process in a complex organization
.
3. Enabled me to compare theoretical ideas learned in the classroom
within the world of work regarding public administration experiences.

4. Provided me with experience in an actual public or nonprofit agency

before entering the job market. Such experience not only increases
my job prospects, but also teaches what is expected in terms of

1
 professional behavior.

5. Permitted me, a student to apply the technical skills learned in the classroom to real
world public administrative problems.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Finance Department Operations

Awareness of working environment its pros and cons

Conduct SWOT analysis

Significance of human resource policies and their implementation

2
 INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY

Pak Elektron Limited (PEL) was in corporated in Pakistan on march 03,1956 as a public
limited company under the companies Act, 1913 (replaced by companies ordinance
1984). Registered office of the company is situated at 17 Aziz Avenue, canal bank
Gulberg_ V Lahore. The company is currently listed on all three stock exchange of
Pakistan. The principal activity of the company is manufacturing and sales of electrical
capital goods and domestic appliances.

These activities are organized under following divisions.

Power division: manufacture of switchgear, energy meter, and transformers.

Appliances division: manufacture and assembling of refrigerators, air conditioner,

microwave oven, television and washing machine.

BRIEF HISTORY

PAK ELEKTRON LIMITED was set up in 1956 as a joint venture with one of the largest
and renowned manufacturers of electrical equipment Messrs. AEG of West Germany for
manufacturing Transformers, Switchgears and Electric Motors etc. The entire job of
machinery requirements and layout of the factory building was planned and implemented
by AEG who produced very well balanced facility for the design and manufacture of the
above equipment and the commercial production was commenced on 22 November 1956.

Up to 1962, when AEG finally phased out, the designing and manufacturing of all
equipment was carried out jointly by AEG experts and PEL personnel. PEL staff, in the
meantime, had received specialized training in USA and West Germany which enabled
PEL to establish itself as the leading manufacturers of electrical equipment in the country
with an excellent reputation for high quality and thus PEL came to be known as "THE
QUALITY CONSCIOUS COMPANY".

3
After conclusion of agreement with AEG, total share holding of AEG was purchased by
the then sponsors - Malik Brothers. The production continued with AEG designs with
much greater emphasis on the quality and reliability of the products which earned unique
distinction of supplying electrical equipment to projects of paramount national
importance like Mangla Dam and Tarbela Dam Projects. PEL equipment was approved
by consultants of international repute including Preece Cardew & Rider (England),
Binnie & Partners (England), Harza Engineering International (USA) and Miner & Miner
International Inc. (USA).

The majority shares were acquired from Malik Brothers by Saigol Group on 11 October
1978 and immediately on takeover the new management chalked out both long term and
short term plans to put the company back on the path of progress. As a part of first phase
of its BMR Programmer the new management injected the additional working capital of
Rupees 8.98 million and Bridge Loan of Rupees 7.50 million (against the public issue of
its shares) was provided by the ICP-led Consortium. As a part of long term plans, the
manufacturing of window type Air conditioners was taken up in 1981 and was
immediately established for quality.

The company launched the second phase of its BMR and expansion of the existing
product line in the year 1987 and imported machinery for the manufacture of
Refrigerators and Deep-freezers for a total value of Rupees 22.11 million. For the project
National Bank of Pakistan - the leading bank of the company provided the financing.
Like Airconditioners these products have also been well received by the local market,
which speaks highly of the confidence, the consumer has developed in the quality
products manufactured by the company?

During the year 1990 the company has signed an agreement with Messrs HITACHI of
Japan for the manufacture of Vacuum Circuit Breakers.

The company has entered into an agreement with Pakistan Industrial Credit and
Investment Corporation (PICIC) for a foreign currency as well as local currency loan of
Rupees 25 million for the expansion, balancing, modernization and replacement of the

4
existing plant. The machinery has come into operation in October 1991 and with the
balancing, modernization and replacement of machinery, the production capacity of
Refrigerator Section will reach a level of 252,450 cubic feet.

The management of the Company decided to further expand its operation by establishing
a plant for the manufacture of compressors for refrigerators and deep freezers. The
technical know-how agreement has been signed with M/S NECCHI Compressori, Italy
for the assembly and progressive manufacturing of compressors for refrigerators and
deep freezers.

Group Profile

In 1948, the Saigols migrated from Calcutta and initiated their business in Lyallpur (later
named to as Faisalabad), the textile city of Pakistan, under the banner of Kohinoor
Industries Limited.

Kohinoor Textile Mills

The Saigols set up the first major textile unit - The Kohinoor Textile Mills under the
umbrella of Kohinoor Industries Limited. The Kohinoor Textile Mill has state-of-the-art
quality control from raw material to finished product manufacturing. Its laboratory is top
rated amongst the best laboratories in Pakistan for testing of textile raw materials, other
inputs and yarn.

• Initial Capacity:25,000 spindles

• Current Capacity: 71,648 spindles

Pak Elektron Limited (PEL)

In 1978, the Saigol Group of Companies purchased major shares of Pak Elektron
Limited. At that juncture, the company was only manufacturing transformers and
switchgears. With the Saigols in management, PEL started expanding its product range
by entering into Air Conditioner manufacturing.

5
Saritow Spinning Mills & Azam Textile Mills

In 1987, the Saritow Spinning Mills and Azam Textile Mills were established under the
banner of Saigol Group of Companies. Saritow Spinning Mills is a spinning unit with
25,440 spindles capacity. Facilitated with the most modern and efficient Japanese and
European machinery, its knitted yarn is renowned in the Far East and Europe for its fine
quality. Azam Textile Mills is reputed for its carded and combed yarn, which is quite
popular for premier knitting and weaving.

Kohinoor Power Company Limited

In 1991, the first power unit commissioned in Pakistan, in the Private sector, was
Kohinoor Power Company Limited. Its present production capacity is 15 MW.

Kohinoor Energy Limited

1995, another power unit, Kohinoor Energy Limited, was established. Kohinoor Power
Limited is a 120 MW power plant located on the outskirts of the city of Lahore. This
project has an annual turnover of $80 million.

6
 VISION STATEMENT

To excel in providing engineering goods and services through continuous improvement.

MISSION STATEMENT

o To provide quality products & services to the complete satisfaction of our

customers and maximize returns for all stakeholders through optimal use of
resources.
o To focus on personal development of our employees to meet future challenges.
o To promote good governance, corporate values and a safe working environment
with a strong sense of social responsibility.

7
MANAGEMENT PROFILE

A committed team of highly qualified, experienced professionals, financially sound and

reputed sponsors manages the Company. Through sheer dedication, diligence and the
Almighty’s Beneficence the management team at Pak Elektron Limited have earned
reputation for excellence in manufacturing of electrical as well as home appliances and
their marketing.

COMPANY HIERACHY

C h a irm a n

M a n a g in g D ir e c t o r

G M M a n u f a c t u r inG gM M a r k e t in g
G M F in a n c e G M M a n u f a c t u r inGgM M a r k e t in g
(A p p lia n c e s (A p p lia n c e s
(P o w e r D )iv is o n (P o w e r D )iv is o n
D iv is )io n D iv is )io n

S .rM a n a g e r S .r M a n a g e. r M k t S .r M a n a g e. r Q C
S .rM a n a g e r S .r M a n a g e. r M k t S .r M a n a g e r S .rM a n a g e r
(F o r e ig n (A p p lia n c e s (A p p lia n&c e s
F in a n c e (P o w e r D )iv is io n H R&A H IA
P r o c u r e) m e n t D iv s iio
) n P o w)e r

M anager
C o m m e r c ia l

CENTRALIZATION
In PEL decision making or centralization of power is kept at the top level. The important
decision like establishing goals, hiring employees, choosing contracts are made at the top
level, therefore in PEL Centralization is “High”.

8
Corporate Information

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Mr. M. Naseem Saigol Chairman / Chief Executive Officer

Mr. M. Azam Saigol
Mr. M. Murad Saigol
Mr. Muhammad Zeid Yousaf Saigol
Mr. Haroon Ahmad Khan Managing Director
Mr. Muhammad Rafi Khan
Ms. Neelofer Hameed NIT Nominee
Mr. Syed Hasan Irtaza NBP Nominee U/S 182 of the Ordinance
Mr. Wajahat A. Baqai NBP Nominee U/S 182 of the Ordinance
Mr. Rizwan Hameed NBP Nominee U/S 182 of the Ordinance

AUDIT COMMITTEE
Mr. Azam Saigol Chairman/Member
Mr. Wajahat A. Baqai Member
Mr. Rizwan Hameed Member
Mr. Haroon Ahmad Khan Member

COMPANY SECRETARY
Mr. M. Omar Farooq

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

Syed Manzar Hasan FCA

AUDITORS
M/s Yousaf Adil Saleem & Co. (A member firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu)
Chartered Accountants

LEGAL ADVISORS'
M/s Hassan & Hassan Advocates
REGISTERED OFFICE
17-Aziz Avenue, Canal Bank,
Gulberg-V, Lahore.

9
Tel: 042-35718274-5, 35717364-5
Fax: 042-35715105
E-mail: shares@saigols.com
SHARES REGISTRAR ISLAMABAD
Corplink (Pvt) Limited Room # 1404, 14th Floor
Wings Arcade, 1-K Commercial Green Trust Tower, Blue Area, Islamabad
Model Town, Lahore Tel: 051-2824543, 2828941
Tel: 042-35839182, 35887262, 35916719 Fax: 051-2273858
Fax: 042-35869037
KARACHI CHINA
Kohinoor Building 910, No. 1007, Zhong Shan Naun Er Road
25-West Wharf Road, Karachi Shanghai, china
Tel: 021-32200951-4 Tel: 86-21-64567533
Fax: 021-32310330 Fax: 86-21-54109971
WORKS UNIT II
14Km, Ferozepur Road, 34Km, Ferozepur Road,
Lahore Keath Village
Tel: 042-35811951-7 (7 Lines) Tel: 042-35935151-2
Website: www.pel.com.pk Website: www.pel.com.pk
BANKERS
Bank Alfalah Limited
Bank of Khyber
Bank of Punjab
Deutsche Bank
Faysal Bank Limited
KASB Bank Limited
Meezan Bank Limited
My Bank Limited
National Bank of Pakistan
NIB Bank Limited

10
Royal Bank of Scotland Limited
Saudi Pak Commercial Bank
Soneri Bank Limited
Standard Chartered Bank

FIELDS OF ACTIVITIES

MAJOR DEPARTMENTS IN PEL

In PEL Industries Following Major Departments are,

 Production Department
 Accounts Departments
 Finance Department
 Admin. & H.R Department
 Marketing Department
 Sales Department
 Quality Control Department
 Quality Assurance Department
 Maintenance Department
 Stores

11
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

PEL has divided the production department into two further departments.

1- Power Division
2- Appliance Division

MAJOR DEPARTMENTS AT PEL

PRODUCT HIERACHY

12
 Divisions of PEL

Appliances division Power division

POWER DIVISION

PEL’s Power Division manufactures transformers, switchgear, energy meters, kiosks,

compact stations, shunt capacitor banks etc. All the power equipment is assembled under
strict quality control and in accordance with international standards.
PEL is a major power equipment supplier to Water and Power Development Authority
(WAPDA) and Karachi Electrical Supply Corporation (KESC).

Over the years, PEL’s power equipment has been used in numerous power projects of
national importance. Most of these are tailor made to buyer’s specifications. Due to strict
quality standards, PEL has been able to prevent Chinese manufacturers from gaining any
market share. However, new entrants represent a threat and the Company is responding
by introducing innovations to its existing products. One such innovation is digitization of
its electrical meters which is in the development stage.

13
In-spite stiff competition from emerging local and multinational brands, PEL’s
appliances and power equipments have consistently gained marked share due to constant
innovation and high quality standards. Strategic partnerships with Copeland, Danfoss,
Samsung and others have enabled the Company to incorporate new technologies into
existing product ranges, thus introducing new product features.

During the year 2006, PEL retained its market leadership in the Power Equipment
market, increasing its market share from 33% in 2005 to 36% in 2006 in the switchgear
market and also maintained share of 35% in 2006 as well in the energy meters market.
PEL’s leadership in the Power Equipment market is largely due to its strong Research
and Development knowledge and high product quality.

Power Division accounted for 47% of the Net Sales of the Company as of June 30th
2006. The sales and profit participation by the Division is high due to high quality
standards and future growth opportunities.
The Power Division comprises of three departments;

1- Manufacturing and Quality Control

2- Design and Development
3- Marketing

PRODUCTS POWER DIVISION

1. ENERGY METERS
2. TRANSFORMERS
3. SWITCH GEAR
4. GENERATORS

TRANSFORMERS
PEL has vast experience in design and manufacturing of standard and special purpose
transformers. New technical designs for improved efficiency and quality against special

14
orders of non-standard transformers are continuously being explored. These transformers
are available for various applications.

i) Distribution Transformers
ii) Auto Transformers
iii) Furnace Transformers
iv) Welding Transformers

PEL transformers have been successfully type tested for impulse voltage and short circuit
tests by KEMA Laboratories of Holland. Customized transformers, in accordance with
domestic and international client’s specifications have also been manufactured for use
within and outside Pakistan. Transformers are normally supplied in a period of 3 – 4
months after the receipt of orders from respective distribution companies of WAPDA and
varied supply time for private customers. The Company provides one year after sales
service warranty to WAPDA, KESC and private sector customers. Main Competitors are
Siemens, Transfopower, Elmetec and Climax, while PEL having a market share of 38 %.

ENERGY METERS

following types of meters are manufactured:

Electro mechanical
• Single phase
• Three phase_ Direct connected
• Three phase _CT operated

Static/Digital

• Single Phase
• Three Phase Directed connected
• Three Phase_CT operated
• Three Phase_TOU

15
PEL manufactures three types of energy meters; Single Phase and Poly Phase. The
electro-mechanical energy meters are manufactured under license from ABB of USA.
The quality of PEL meters has been certified by KEMA Laboratories of Holland. PEL
meters are superior to others due to their ability to lower revenue losses through accurate
& precise operation and reduction of maintenance expenses.

Single Phase energy meters provide maintenance-free operations over a long period and
accurate measurement of electrical energy. Poly Phase energy meters improve load
performance and precision accuracy. The meters require minimum maintenance and can
withstand abuse from surges and magnetic tampering. Three phase digital electronic
meter with dual tariff capability recently launched and supplies to WAPDA has begun
this year.

Energy meter orders from WAPDA are received annually and their supply period is 9 -10
months. Energy meters to KESC are supplied in a period of 3 - 4 months. The Company
provides one year after sales service warranty to WAPDA, KESC and other customers. In
the supply of Energy Meters PEL share accounts for 35 % of the total supplies while the
rest is shared by Syed Bhais, Escort and Telephone Industries.

SWITCHGEARS

Switchgears are one of the highly technical and specialized power products of PEL. They
are produced for indoor and outdoor installations complying with international
installation standards. A major customer for this product is WAPDA. The Company
provides one year after sales service warranty to WAPDA, KESC and other customers. In
Switchgear, PEL enjoys market share of 33 % while competitors are Alstom, Siemens
and Fico.

POWER TRANSFORMERS

16
owing to massive growth in power sector, demand for power transformers is also growing
proportionately for all ratings from 66KV to500 KV. PEL has stepped into this activity
by starting the manufacturing of 132 KV transformers, being the most demanded rating,
and for this purposes has formed a strategies partnership by signing the two agreement.
Based on the demand forecast of Power Transformers for WAPDA, KESC and other
projects, PEL’s market share is initially targeted to be 20%, growing in five years.

APPLIANCES DIVISION

The Appliances Division of PEL is the pioneer manufacturer of electrical goods in

Pakistan. The Division’s product portfolio comprises of air-conditioners, refrigerators,
televisions, microwave ovens, and split air-conditions. PEL is one of the three leading
players in the home appliances market.

The Company is engaged in the manufacturing and/or marketing of the following home
appliances. The Company’s Appliances Division contributed significantly to its sales in
2005-06. The main reasons for this growth are increase in market sizes along with PEL’s
strong brand image accompanied with its extensive dealership network spread nationwide
with over one thousand outlets and an after sales service network with over 100
workshops.

Another major reason for the increasing growth in the home appliances market is the easy
availability of consumer financing at lower interest rates. PEL itself is involved in selling
its products through a marketing wing for sales against consumer financing.

17
Availability of Chinese products at very competitive prices has not proven to be that big a
threat to the local industry. This is because of the improved quality of the local products
and cost efficiencies due to economies in product and raw material purchases hence
making the local products competitive with the Chinese imports.

In 2005-06, the Appliances Division contributed around 53%to the Company’s sales
whereas the Power Division made up the remaining 47%. Refrigerators and Split air
conditioners were the main source of revenue in the Appliances Division, whereas
transformers and energy meters are the main revenue drivers in the Power Division.
The Appliance Division accounted for 53% of the Net Sales as of June 30th 2006. The
Appliances division comprises of four departments;

1. Manufacturing and Quality Control

2. Research and Development
3. Marketing
4. Consumer Finance

PRODUCTS APPLAINCES DIVISION

1) REFRIGERATORS
2) DEEP-FREEZERS
SPLIT AIR CONDITIONERS.
WINDOW TYPE AIR CONDITIONERS.
MICROWAVE OVENS.
3) TELEVISION SETS.

PEL Air Conditioners

PEL window-type air conditioners were introduced in 1981 in technical collaboration

18
with General Corporation of Japan. Ever since their launch, PEL air conditioners have a
leading position in the market. PEL air conditioners cooling performance has been tested
and approved by Copeland and ITS USA. With the shift of users preference from window
type to split type air conditioners, PEL has started manufacturing split type air
conditioners.

PEL Refrigerators

The manufacturing of refrigerators started in 1986-87 in technical collaboration with M/s

IAR-SILTAL of Italy. Like the air conditioner, PEL's refrigerators are also in great
demand. Today, PEL Crystal has 30% market share. Its cooling performance is tested and
approved by Danfoss, Germany and its manufacturing facility is ISO 9002 certified by
SGS Switzerland.

PEL Deep Freezers

PEL deep freezers were introduced in 1987 in technical collaboration with M/s Ariston of
Italy. Because of durability and high quality, PEL deep freezers are the preferred choice
of companies like Unilever.

Competitor of PEL Appliances

Air Conditioners:

1. General
2. Daiken,
3. Waves ,
4. National,
5. Dawlence,
6. Sharp ,
7. LG

Refrigerator:

19
 1. Dawlence,
2. Phillips,
3. Sharp,
4. Samsung,
5. LG

Deep Freezer

1. Waves,
2. Candy,
3. Dawlance

Television:

1. Sony,
2. Phillips,
3. Panasonic

Compressors:

1. Dawlance,
2. Tecusah,
3. Embraco,
4. National

LG PRODUCTS

LG has entered in a strategic partnership with PEL. According to this agreement PEL has
become the official distributor of LG products in PAKISTAN from June 2009.
LG products in Pakistan are:
• Refrigerator

20
 • Split air conditioner

• Washing machine

• Microwave oven

ISO 9001 Certification

PEL was 16th Company in Pakistan which got ISO 9002 Certification in 1997,
since then PEL Management is applying this International Standard Practices for
Effectively Managing Quality of Products and Services that Company Offers. The
International Standard Practices in PEL have been Upgraded as per the Revised ISO
9001 Standards and its Scope of Application is expanding ever since and Top
Management is Committed to make PEL a Total Quality Management (TQM)
Company.

21
 Company Quality is the Subject of Management at all Levels. The focus is on
continuous improvement in Systems thus establishing Good Management Practices,
are committed to and making continuous efforts in developing and strengthening internal
and external customers and suppliers. Employees training & development and their
participation are the KEY forces which are increasing Organization's Capabilities thus
making it more competitive and fast growing Company.

Top management is not only tremendously improving Working Environment but

also investing in Improving internal Communication Network for better Teamwork.
Continuous Up-gradation in production facility/equipment in the pursuit of State-of-
the-art production technology reflects management Vision and commitment for
Quality. Over fifty years of manufacturing experience with cooperative and dedicated
employees coupled with performance based system and Data Analysis enable
management to take Preventive Actions before things really go wrong.

One of the Mission of organization to promote good governance and corporate

values with a strong sense of social responsibility.

EPC Contracting

Power Projects PD is a new addition to PEL with a purpose to establish a national

source of catering specialized jobs of execution of turnkey and EPC electrical projects. At
an age of just three years, Power Projects PD has recognized its presence in the market by

22
undertaking 132kV substations and industrial and residential societies electrifications
turnkey projects against multinational companies. Pakistan Engineering Council has
granted it licence in C-1 (No limit) category.

PEL, a strong base of manufacturing of power transformer, distribution

transformers, MV/LV switchgears, energy meters, control and relay panels give
confidence Power Projects PD to install these equipment for its projects. In addition, it
has established technical association with GANZ, (Hungry), SEL (USA) and RMS
(Australia).

AWARDS IN EXCELLENCE AND RECOGNITION

PEL Awarded 6th Annual Environment Excellence Award-2009

Mr. Yaqub Tabasum (Project Manager Unit-II) Receiving the award

from Mr. Hameed Ullah Jan Afridi (Federal Minister for Environment)

23
Annual Environment Excellence Awards are instituted jointly by National Forum for
Environment and Health (NFEH), United Nations Environment Program (UNEP),
Ministry of Environment, Government of Pakistan and the Federation of Pakistan
Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FPCCI). Annual Environment Excellence Awards
are designed to recognize and promote the organizations which make an outstanding
contribution to sustainable development. They aim to highlight policies, practices,
processes and products from all sectors of business in the country, which help to achieve
economic and social development without detriment to the environment and natural
resources.

Pak Elektron Limited (PEL) was awarded 6th Annual Environment Excellence Award for
best Health, Safety and Environment performance. The Award was presented to Pak
Elektron Limited in a graceful ceremony; held on July 09, 2009 at Hotel Sheraton,
Karachi. Mr. Hameed Ullah Jan Afridi, Federal Minister for Environment, honored the
ceremony by as chief guest whereas Mr. Askri Taqvi, Minister for Environment, Sindh
presided over. Javed jabber (Global Vice President IUCN), Dr. Kaiser Waheed
(Chairman NFEH) and Naeem Qureshi (President NFEH) were also present on the
occasion. Mr. Yaqub Tabasum (Project Manager Unit-II) received the Environment
Excellence Award on behalf of PEL.

PEL Awarded 4th CSR National Excellence Award 2009

Mr. Yaqub Tabasum (Project Manager Unit-II) Receiving the ‘CSR Award’ from
Mr. Khawaja Izhar Ul Hassan (Advisor to Chief Minister Sindh)

These awards are instituted jointly by Help International Welfare Trust and CSR
Association of Pakistan, and means to recognize and appreciate the efforts made by

24
corporations within scope of Corporate Social Responsibility. Pak Elektron Limited
(PEL) has been awarded for the second time with ‘4th CSR National Excellence Award
2009’ for best efforts within the multi-dimensional scope of CSR and a special award for
‘Best Information Material On CSR’. The Award was presented to Pak Elektron Limited
in a ceremony; held in Karachi on 21st January, 2010 at Avari Hotel & Towers, Karachi.
Mr. Pir Mazhar-ul-Haq (Provincial Minister Education and Literacy), Mr. Sheikh
Muhammad Afzal Alias (Provincial Minister for Environment & Alternate Energy
Government of Sindh) and Mr. Khawaja Izhar Ul Hassan (Advisor to Chief Minister
Sindh) honored the ceremony as chief guest. Mr. Yaqub Tabasum (Project Manager
Transformer Unit-II) received the CSR National Excellence Award on behalf of PEL.

FINANCE DEPARTMENT
DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS

25
FINANCE

Finance can be defined as

1. The commercial activity of providing funds and capital.

2. the branch of economics that deals with the management of money and other
assets.
3. the management of money, credit, banking and investments.

This department deals with the acquisition and management of finance.

JOBS ASSIGNMENTS IN FINANCE DEPARTMENT

General Manager Finance “A person who takes the major financial

decisions”

26
Manager Finance
 Rate negotiations
 Handling cash inflow & outflow
 Bank relations
 Handling short term and long term funds requirements

Asst. Manager Finance

 Reports to manager finance

 Arranging funds for production
 Preparation of Budget

Couriers
 Documents correspondence
 Dealing with other departments to avail the documents required
 Reporting to all the manager of finance department

OBJECTIVE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Finance people concentrate on following points for accomplishment
of their tasks
• Try to raise maximum funds
• Make arrangement for allocation of funds appropriately
• Doing above mentioned activities by controlling cost

HOW THEY MAKE PLANS

Planning is an important aspect for achieving objectives ahead. So

while making plans manager foresee the situations in advance and

27
take decisions. It is true in case of finance department. Finance
department have to do advance Planning for different tasks about
production and utilization of loans appropriately in advance.

HOW THEY TAKE DECISIONS

The only thing that is considered at the time of taking decisions

regarding fund raising is lower markup rates down because this is what
makes loans feasible or otherwise.

FINANCE DEPARTMENT SECTIONS

28
 Finance
Department

Material
Corporate Budgeting Treasury
Management
Finance Finance Finance
Finance

Arrangement Bank
Leasing
of Loans Guarantee

MATERIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCE/LOGISTICS

The logistics department comprises a part of the finance department. It is headed by

Mr.M. Hanif and further consist of a senior accounts officer, two junior executives and
two accountants. The basic task carried out by the persons working in the logistics
section are:

• daily check on production

• daily check on stock (materials and finished goods)
• controlling the production plan for the future
• control on orders in hand

Materials imported by PEL basically remains in bank custody. The bank makes payments
for these materials to the foreign suppliers and releases them to PEL as per payments by
them. The bank further higher mucaddam companies/clearing agents to watch over and
monitor these materials. The materials are generally store in PEL premises. Material
requirement for appliances and power good manufacturing are different hence their

29
requisition are also different. PEL uses cash financing and various other credit facility
provided by the bank.
The basic cycle as follows:
Raw materials are imported using the different financing facilities. Materials are then use
to make finished goods. The materials when enter the production cycle aa term as work-
in-process (WIP). WIP is hypothecated and loans taken against it. Then a portion of
finished goods produced are further pledged and payments for raw materials is made
through it.
The whole procedure must be carried out in a timely way with correct information
reaching at the right time from factory to material section, so that materials may be
requested and obtained at the right time without delay.

The main documents included are:

• sales tax invoice
• pledge letter
• bill of export
• release document

SALES TAX INVOICE

The invoice document consist of particulars of buyer and supplier ie; name, address,
phone number, net tax inclusive value, lastly the person purchasing the materials required
to sign and specify his name and designation.

PLEDGE LETTER
Pledge letter , this document is used to pledge material with the bank. Material when
imported deposited at the bank. The pledge letter clarifies that goods are unencumbered
property of the company. Detail of the goods ie; number of packages, type of commodity,
packing, rate and value are specified on this document.

30
BILL OF EXPORT
This is a transshipment permit also. The particulars included are consignor and consignee
name and address, the additional document attached. Mode of transport and of discharge,
number of packages, description of goods, per unit value and a number of other details.
The total detail add up to 66 for which separate sections are made on this document.

RELEASE DOCUMENT

This document is basically a formal request to the bank to release goods that have been
store by them. It contains the following particulars: materials, quantity, rate and value.
Release may be of finished goods or raw-materials as per situation.

CORPORATE FINANCE

31
 Mr Nadeem
Asghar

Mr Asad Mr Tahir Mr Tayyab Mr Umer

Ullah Mehmood Sharif Zahid

BRIDGE FINANCE
ASSISTANT LOAN LEASE ASSET
TRUST RECEIPT CASH FINANCE LIABILITY
MANAGER ACCOUNTS MANAGEMENT
COMPARISONS

BANK
GUARANTEE

BANK GUARANTEE

PEL has guarantee dealings with a number of banks. Parties to a guarantee are as follows:
• principal debtor
• creditor (employer)
• bank (guarantor)

the guarantee procedure is basically for big projects under taken by PEL for other
companies. The guarantee is necessitated because the customer ie; other company feel
more secure if a schedule bank intervenes in the dealing of these two parties and provides
additional surety of contract fulfillment. The period of validity of the guarantee is until
the contract is fulfilled satisfactorily by PEL. It then expires. There is facility of date
extension in a guarantee also. The bank may not only extend the date up to which the
guarantee is under taken, but also ‘enhancement facility is provided whereby the bank
increases the amount up to which the guarantee is taken. Bank charges commission for
these services which is 0.4% of the contract amount. Federal excise duty (FED) is charge
by bank which is essentially government income. The margin amount of 5% is refunded
to PEL if the guarantee expires without use. Guarantee may be of the following types:
• tender bond

32
 • performance bond
• advance payment
• balance of payment
• retention money

TENDER BOND
Tender bond is taken by the company when it is placing a bid or proposal for a particular
project. During the bidding process the contract is made. If PEL wins the contract the
tender bond automatically becomes performance bond. In case of rejection of proposal
the margin is return to PEL.

PERFORMANCE BOND
This bond is created by conversion of tender bond. It remains valid until the project is
being work upon by the party. When the project is completed by the party, who won the
proposals the may acquire their margin from the bank and the bond automatically expire.

RETENTION MONEY
In this case a percentage of the cost of the total project is retained by the bank as a
security for the customer. On completion of work by the contractor, the money is
returned to him. In case of failure to complete work the money is credited to customer
account.

COUNTER GUARANTEE

33
Counter guarantee is used in case of dealings with a foreign party. When a local supplier
contracts to supply goods abroad he is required to provide security to a scheduled bank
abroad who is in business with the foreign party. This is done via a local scheduled bank.
The local bank on behalf of the supplier provides assurance to the bank abroad that the
work shall be completed. Once satisfied, the foreign bank assures the customer or
provides a guarantee on behalf of the local bank.
Suppose PEL has a contract with a company in Saudi Arabia. The foreign company
wants to get a guarantee of quality performance from PEL. PEL will get a local bank e.g
National Bank to give a counter guarantee to a local scheduled bank of Saudi Arabia
which will further give guarantee to the foreign company. In completion of contract, the
procedure is similar to guarantee. The major portion of the payment is returnable to the
company ie; PEL. The FED is government income which is forwarded to it. The
commission is the bank income. The margin infect is returned to the supplier company.

BUDGETING

Mr Amir Sattar
ASSISTANT FINANCE
EXECUTIVE

Mr Amir Khawaja Mr Zaigham Ali

SENIOR EXECUTIVE JUNIOR EXECUTIVE

BUDGET PREPARATION METHOD AND APPROACH:

34
In the global corporate vibe the preparation of forecasted budget carries a unique
importance. The forecasting of future cash flows, profit margins, sales turnover and
projections for the future assets and liabilities position is a practice exercised by all
growing and prospering businesses. Normally businesses works on two methods for
projecting their future outcomes.these are:

• Percentage of sales Method (Short Term)

• Trend Forecast (Long Term)

The budgeting procedure for PEL is dependent on calculated assumptions vary and hence
a set of statements is produced. These are called as Sensitive Analysis. These future
projections and calculations are primarily based on quantity of sales in the preceding
year. As all projections are sales driven therefore they depend upon,

• Feedback from sales/Marketing Department

• Power Division Sales (keeping in view the anticipated WAPDA demand)

The formulation of budget is a task that cannot be accomplished by the efforts of the
budgeting department merely but it contains the combined expertise of Sales, Marketing,
and production departments of Appliances and Power Division, Accounts & Finance
departments accompanied with the cooperation of all the relatives departments for the
preparation of budget.

The foundation of budget for PEL is laid not only by cautious calculation but meetings
and discussions are held on regular intervals, these discussions involve the GM Finance,
manager budgets, assistant manager budgets. The higher management in the consultation
with the finance executive budgeting personnel’s devices plans for the calculative
approach to the formulation of budgets. This customary process of caring meeting does

35
not end with the completion of budget is carried further for reviews and for the
monitoring of Actual vs. Forecasted budget on monthly, quarterly, semi annually and at
the end of budgeting period.

The trading business is centralized and the budgeting, sales and pricing is done centrally
except generators, and a different team handles the generator business with the same
approach as the other team caters the rest of Trading Business e.g. pricing, budgeting and
sales.

BUDGET DEVELOPMENT:
The process of budget includes following steps.

• BUDGET CALL:

The budgeting department requests the other departments to compose their own
projections for the future demand and expenses keeping in view their current
monetary position. In turn, the respective departments analyze their growth for
expenses and demand for funds. Proper calculation of each item for which
expense has been booked is to be mentioned in the projected fund requirement
detail. The need for help of supplementary departments operating in the company
arises as the budgeting department solely may not be able to identify the monetary
requirements of these departments. The precision in these calculations is
dependent on the exact or near true projection for the allocation of resources for
various functions of each department in the company.

• DATA COLLECTION:

36
 The budgeting department then receives the detail of projected expenses from the
supplementary departments operating in the PEL. As soon as the Budgeting
Section receives the forecasted budget proposal of each department, the process of
data collection is deemed complete hitherto. This data is taken to further course of
action.

• DATA SUPERVISION:

The data provided by the relative departments is then put forth for scrutinizing.
This scrutiny of proposed expenses and requirement of funds is one of the most
important steps for the preparation of budget for the imminent financial year.
Meeting and discussions are held to identify the areas where the necessity of
funds is imperative. These meetings include the general managers of the
respective departments and heads of treasury and finance. As these areas are
identified, concentration of the budget is hence focus to the efficiently effective
aspects.

• AMENDMENTS:

The projection for allocation of resources must be made by vigilantly analyzing

the growth of fund requirements. The projections made by each department
regarding the allotment of funds are through a careful review of the past year
requirement trends. The requirements trends are under consideration of budgeting
department as being formerly exposed to the development of budget. The
budgeting department reviews the proposals for fund allocation by each
department and takes into notice the newly added expenses. The budgeting
department also observes the comparative increase in the fund requirement and
then puts forward its own assumptions for the projected expenses. The budget
proposal is then sent back to the respective departments for amendments in their
proposal.

37
 As the budget is sent to these relative departments necessary suggestions also sent
along with it, for the departments to study and amend their own requirements in
accordance to the proposition presented in their service. The departments study
the proposals as provided by the Budgeting Section and in the response either
amends their proposal or have to justify their allocation of funds.

• DATA RECOLLECTION:

The data as sent back to the respective departments is amended and consequently
sent back to the budgeting section for further review. The data is then recollected
by the Budgeting Section and is again put under review. The recollection of data
is made under only from those departments where the section deems the projected
figures non realistic.

• RECTIFICATION OF ERRORS:

The data when received back from the respective departments is then scrutinized
for errors. This inspection is necessary as the data sent back may contain
miscalculations or misallocation of funds. These may include wrongly projected
expenses or delivery costs. The respective departments that develop the
projections for the coming year might have not calculated the employee turnover
exactly and according to the latest ratio. The likelihood of projected salaries may
be anticipated lessees and in addition to this the projection of the seasonally hire
workers may potentially differ from the actual ones. The expenses may have been
wrongly projected, it is also possible that some exceptions from the last year have
been added to the projections and some new cost center might have been omitted.

The errors in the projections are not considered harmful as these leads to careful
estimation for the development of budget. These errors are rectified and

38
 consultation with the relevant department for which the budgeting projections are
considered non appropriate. The budget to be developed under sound estimations
must have to be properly and carefully discussed for the near to actual expenses
and fund requirement. it is however not possible for any organization to come up
exactly with the same figures as mentioned in the forecasted budget. Deviation
from the projections is a common happening but this should be as low as possible.

• DATA COMPILATION:

The budgeting department after scrutinizing the forecasted budget then performs
the duty of the compilation of the budget received from various departments of
the company. This is a gigantic responsibility on the part of the budgeting
department. The forecasted budget for PEL is compiled with great care and for
this purpose meetings are held among the budgeting personnel and the senior
management. The data received to be compiled contains each and every cost and
expense that is expected to take place in the succeeding year.

• BUDGET REVIEW:

The data compilation is a very time consuming task and due to the carefulness
with which it has to be done prolongs the time for the completing of the budget
development the budget is then sent to all the departments of the company for its
review and to approve their respective budget in the complete budget document
for the following fiscal year. Each department of the company reviews its budget
and gives its opinion, suggestion and approval for the budget to be launched. This
budget document is also sent to the higher management to review its sections and
give their suggestions regarding the development of the forecasted budget.

In event of any accuracy in the compilation of the budget the respective

department can inform the budgeting department for correction. This budget
reviews help in the sound preparation of the annual budget as the relevant

39
 departments have the complete knowledge of the projected budget before its
finalization.

• MONITORING:

The budgeting department keeps a close eye on the comparison between the
actual and forecasted budget and at the end of each month the department makes a
summary for the Actual vs. Forecasted. This summary gives an idea about the
performance of the department in terms of the usage of the available funds. This
comparison is then presented to the higher management along with necessary
suggestions. These suggestions help the higher management to influence the
performance of the respective departments in a more effective manner.

The budgeting department not only monitors the usage of allocated funds but also
monitors the sales of the products. As there is a possibility that sales are not
according to the projections as put forth by the department itself, the budgeting
Department in addition reports to the senior management regarding the difference
between the actual and projected sales.

The monthly reports of the Actual vs. Forecasted is also used as a tool to keep a
check on the departments, as maximization of output from limited resources helps
in greater productivity and profitability. This responsibility of the budgeting
department is full time job and requires a close look on the monthly output of the
department. The significance of the budgeting department can be visualized by
the fact that the budgeting department has the maximum number of meetings with
the higher management than any of other section of the Finance Department.

SALIENT FEATURE OF MONITORING ARE:

o Comparison of Sales, Materials, pricing, Costing Schedule, Monthly Expenses,
o Production Capacity, Workers Strength, Borrowings, Financial Charges, etc.

40
 o Business Plans
o Meetings with Senior Executives
o Recommendations
o Difference of the Actual vs. Forecasted Figures.

BUDGET CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:

Income statement, cash-flow statement, monthly sales quantities, sales value, material
cost, sales and material values, conversion costs, debtors/debt balances, inventories and
trade creditors are accounted for in each product.
Separate sheets are formed for each and every product and each and every expense.

• Income statement reveals the profit before tax

• Cash-flow statements the cash generated each month
• Sales quantity sheet gives you the total sales per month of the different types of a
particular product i.e. versions. ‘spill over’ refers to the order of last year that are
yet to be fulfilled and ‘expected order’ are those orders which are to be received
in the future.
• Sales and materials have private values i.e those sold to other than WAPDA and
those of WAPDA. Both of these areas are totaled to get final values.
• Conversion costs include raw materials, wages and all those costs, which come
under the head of FOH.
• Debtor sheets give details of opening balances of debtors, those received after 1
and 2 months respectively and the closing balances also.

Cash flow statement is a very important part of the budget prepared. A cash flow
statement focuses on three main areas namely:
• Financing activities

41
• Operating activities
• Investing activities

Financing activities include all expenditures related to the different types of loans and
credit facilities taken by the concern. It includes three main costs i.e. stocks, trade debts
and creditors. Markups paid on the facilities, the return of principal amounts and all other
expenses related to financing activities are accounted for.

Investing activities include all money invested by the concern on a venture, the profits
earned by them and their startup expenses.

Operating activities include all conversion costs required to change raw materials into
finished goods. The expenditures and incomes of this activity are evaluated.

Cash inflows typically include sales collections, bank loans, sponsor given money, and
company issue of right shares.

Cash outflows include material costs, working capital, payment against stock, payment to
creditors, bankers’ taxes, long term debt repayment and capital expenditure. Cash flow
basically monitors the movement of stocks from stores in raw form to the line (i.e.
factory) in work-in-process form and to the go-down in the finished-goods form.

BUDGET FEATURES:
The Budgeting Department of PEL is a very efficient department, as not many of the
companies have a budgeting department on such sound grounds. In most of the

42
companies the budget is made by accounts and finance department committees which
give their budget suggestions in view of the past expenditures, these committees may not
as well follow the lines as the Budgeting Department of PEL practices. The budget of the
most of the manufacturing sector companies as a common practice is based on the
percentage of the sales method.

The Budgeting department of PEL in consent with the rest of the departments working in
the company develops a mutually agreed budget. The preparation of the budget of PEL is
task assigned to a team dedicated for the said purpose.

The most important aspect of the Budgeting Department is the monitoring of the
expenses and the summary for the actual vs. projected expenses for every department.
The monitoring not only delegates some part of the responsibility for the screening of the
department but also helps the management to find ways to curtail surplus expenses
causing hindrance in greater profitability.

According to my observations the Budgeting Department of PEL is a providing praise

worthy services for the company and performing its operations with due diligence and
conscientiousness.

TREASURY

The treasury section consists of a total of 5 persons. 1 of them is in the bank on a

permanent basis, the bank being National Bank Of Pakistan (NBP). Each bank is given a
code, the code for NBP being 02.
Work in the treasury department consists of two fundamental tasks:
o Collections
o Receipts
The ‘Cheque Management’ portion of PEL’s software is used for this purpose. The basic
tasks carried out are as follows:
• Bank dealings
• Funds payment

43
 • Updating banks
• Foreign payments
• Export transactions

The collections of Appliances division and Power division are recorded separately
month-wise, year-wise and day-wise also. Payments are basically routed from the
accounts department. Cheques from separate departments are also tracked in this system.
All information is directed to finance department via the accounts department. Recording
takes place in Accounts whereas payments take place in Finance. The system is updated
everyday.
Everyday all the balances of PEL in any account are tracked and sent to the bank account
where money is required. Generally all payments are made through NBP so money is
required here. Payment of various cheques, expenses and cost of financial facilities and
service charges of the bank are also paid on a regular basis. Monthly batches are made
and are given one serial number.
All activities of the day are summarized in a ‘Treasury Report’ that is made on a daily
basis. Apart from the recordings in the software of the receipts and collections in the
software, this information is also maintained upon Microsoft Excel. Tentative cash flows
for the next ten days are also made and comparisons made, later on, of the actual
expenses with those of standard/recorded ones.
Bank accounts reconciliation is done on a monthly basis, which is as follows; the
documents required are bank statement, statement of General Ledger and the break-up of
(L/C) facility availed from the bank. The entries that have not been added are so added in
pencil and the sheet completed.
The bank reconciliation statement consists of balances with the bank. The credits, which
may consist of un-presented cheques are added and the debits are deducted to reach the
reconciled balance, which is what is recorded in the company’s own books also. If a
cheque is dishonored for any reason, it comes back to the Finance department. Finance
makes a voucher and sends it to the Accounts department and the concerned department
who had made the sales/transaction to tell both departments that the money was actually
received. In addition to the voucher a memo is also sent to the concerned department,

44
which consists of reasons why the cheque was dishonored. A number of reasons are
printed upon the memo. The appropriate reason is ticked or if the reason is not included
in the list given, it is added in writing on the blank space given below on the memo.
Sales tax rebates are also dealt with in this section. A list of documents is attached to the
import documents to get sales tax waived off.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE SECTION

The task for the Account Receivable section is to manage the receivable generated
through the sales of Power Division, the receivable for the power section. This section
keeps the track of the customers for in time receipts.

The marketing department for Power Division is related to very large extent to the
Accounts Receivable section. The bidding and tendering procedure is the responsibility
of the marketing department for the power division. The tasks for the account receivable
start where the tender is approved by the tender issuing company.

This section makes all necessary arrangements for the correct documentation of the
contract between PEL and the tender issuing company. It is responsibility of the accounts
receivable section to study all the clauses laid down in the letter of intent provided by the
tender issuing company.

Tendering Procedure

The sales for power division are not similar to the sales by the Appliances Division. The
sales procedure for Appliances Division is rather simple as the finished products are
provided to the dealers and other sources for sales.

The tendering procedure and formalities related to Accounts Receivable section and
Marketing Department can be given as:

• Tender
• Bidding

45
 • Acceptance
• Intimation Letter
• Company Correspondence
• Purchase Order and Conditions
• Letter of Credit
• Clearance Certificate
• Warranty Certificate
• Offer of Inspection
• Inspection
• Inspection Certificate
• Invoice
• Delivery order
• Dispatch
• GRN

Tender

The notice of tender is published by the company in newspapers. The tender is then
notified to the concerned department for it. This department then studies the tender
information thoroughly as provided in the newspaper. A copy of detailed tender notice
which is in form of a booklet is then obtained by the concerned department. The tender
book is studied comprehensively and following requirements are noted,

• Material Requirement
• Delivery Requirement
• Availability of Raw Material
• Availability of Resources

Biding

46
The biding process then takes place where several bidders bid for the same tender. A
manufacturing company cannot participate in the bidding process until the following
documents are not provided

• Tender Form
• Bid Guarantee (2% of total Value)
• Literature for Product

Acceptance

The acceptance of Bid depends on the following things:

• Unit Price
• Technical Qualification

Letter of Intent

As soon as the letter of Intent is received by the company the task for the Account
Receivable section start. This section makes the necessary arrangements in compliance
with the conditions provided in the Letter of Intent. As soon as the Letter of Intent is
received the correspondence between the buyer and the PEL starts.

Correspondence:

The correspondence of the buyer and PEL starts effectively with receiving Letter of
Intent. In this correspondence the buyer demands the performance bond from PEL (10%
of the amount of contract).

Purchase Order & Conditions:

47
The purchase order is the document soul of contract. This purchase order maintains the
total detail of conditions in the contract. The purchase order has following aspects,

• Distribution of stores
• Special conditions
• Specification
• Terms of delivery
• Inspection
• Payment
• Consignee
• Sales tax and other Govt. duties
• Warrantee
• Failure and termination
• Inspection & Rejection
• Packing
• Acknowledgement Receipt

Letter of Credit

Payment terms are made clear to the buyer, for the payment is to be made through Letter
of Credit.

Clearance Certificate

A clearance Certificate from the Excise and Taxation office is provided to the buyer.

Warrantee Certificate

A certificate of warrantee is provided to the buyer. This certificate is valid up till 18-24
months from the date of Goods Received Note and in case of transformers 18 month from
the date of installation.

Offer for Inspection

48
The Accounts Receivable section has to make necessary arrangements for the inspection
offer. This inspection is necessary for the goods to be deemed satisfactory by the buyer to
use. The offer for inspection is made by the Accounts Receivable Section.

Inspection & Certificate

Subsequent to the offer of inspection the inspection is made by the inspection team of the
buyer (WAPDA). The inspection team inspects the product and approves it and issues an
Inspection Certificate.

Delivery Order

The Inspection Certificate is then taken as a token for the approval for dispatch of goods.
The goods are dispatched along with delivery order. Freight charges for delivery are
already agreed between the buyer and PEL in the contract.

Goods Received Note

The last document is the most important document for the claim for sales revenue. As the
goods reach their destination the buyer and seller after satisfaction with the condition of
goods, issue goods receive note in favor of PEL which is received by the Accounts
Receivable Section. This is commonly known as GRN. The GRN is the strongest
document to claim money from the LC issuing bank.

Aging of Receivables

A very important function of the Accounts Receivable section is to record the aging of
receivables. A record of the total receivables generated by sales of Power Division is
maintained. This process is similar to summaries maintained by the rest of the sections in
the Finance Department.

PROVIDENT FUND

49
Provident Fund is the 10% amount deducted from the basic salary of the employees. The
employees receive double the amount deducted for provident fund. E.g. When an
employee leaves the job and his Provident fund is Rs. 100000, he will receive Rs.
200000. This 100000 is contributed by the company.

PEL invests this deduction and contribution and earns interest which is also added to the
provident fund account of the employee. Those who do not want to earn interest, their
interest profits are also distributed amongst those who are interested in taking interest.
PEL do not earn any profits itself, it goes to the employee provident fund account.

TYPES OF PROVIDENT FUND

There are two types of Provident Fund

1. Refundable

In this case the employee can take money as loan from its provident fund account but he
is charged interest +1%, which means when the loan is recovered 1 more installment is
paid by the employee.

2. Non-refundable

In this case once the loan is taken by the employee, there is no need to repay it. This
amount is deducted from the provident fund account.

Zakat

The Government of Pakistan announces each year the amount of earning on which zakat
has to be paid. The amount for this year (2008-2009) is Rs. 20000. Zakat of 2.5% is
deducted from the provident fund of employee’s basic salary deduction or share not from
the contribution by PEL and it is non-refundable. It is upon the employee’s choice

50
whether to get the zakat deducted from it Provident fund or he can pay the zakat himself,
do not get it deducted and can receive the full amount.

Provident Fund Account

In order to get the account opened these are a few steps through which the employee has
to go through but they are different for the executive level employees and managerial
level employees:

Application form  Provident Fund GM Industrial Relation & administration 

Approval 

51
52
TASKS ASSIGNED AND PERFORMED

SWOT ANALYSIS OF PEL

The following is an assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to

PEL:
Strengths
 ISO Certification

 Brand Name

 Strong Dealer Network

 Free After Sales Services

 Market Leader in WRAC (Window Room Air Conditioner)

 Second Most Sold Refrigerator

 Quality Products

 Research and Development Department

Weaknessses
 High Variable Cost

 Lack Of Advertisement and Marketing Strategies

 Inefficient Use Of Capacity

Opportunities
 Exploration Of Market in Pakistan

 Foreign Markets

 Increase In Product Range

53
  Increase In Production Capacity

Threats
 Energy Crisis
 Price War
 Political Instability
 Smuggled Goods Market
 Good Performance Of Competitors

DILEMMA FACED BY ORGANIZATION

o They have raised very expensive loans so they should retire their expensive loans.
o They should carefully study their competitors.
o Their operating cost is very high so they should control their operating expenses.
o When supervisor provide negative feedback he/she should immediately
counterbalance it with positive statement for the purpose of encouragement in
that situation.
o There should be a continuous monitoring of performance. When performance
deviates from plans one does not have to wait for the next periodic review to
correct it. The supervisor and subordinate should discuss the situation
immediately so the corrective actions can be taken at once in order to avoid the
major disasters.
o Whether performance appraisal discussions are held monthly, quarterly, annually
appraise should be clear about what he/she is doing right and wrong ,and how
he/she can overcome there deficiencies for the future appraisal.
o Performance appraisal should be conducted in a way that employee should
not perceive it as a fatigue or threat for there job but it should take it as an
opportunity to add or contribute more value in work of there organization
o In terms of power division the market is a monopsony - a market in which there
are many suppliers and one buyer, in this case the buyer being WAPDA therefore
the condition it sets with PEL are binding for it.

54
 o Their capital structure is mostly constituted of debt, which decreases the risk but it
also decrease profits as they are more liabilities.
o PEL needs to strengthen its advertising policy as its competitors are mainly
focusing on their marketing to attract customers.
o Company’s liquidity position is dismal. So they need to pay off their short term
loans.

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

o Although they do recruit many internees but they are not able to manage such a
large number as the internees do not have many tasks to perform. They are not
provided with PC’s to better understand their system.
o The managers are very cooperative but the behavior of executives especially
towards female employees or internees is discriminatory. The environment is
hostile and male oriented.
o The mess area needs to be more hygienic and the food available is the same
everyday. There needs to be more variety on the menu so that employees actually
appreciate the food they get.
o Separate washrooms and prayer room for females are not available.
o Recruiting and hiring of females for finance and accounts department.
o They need to work on their marketing strategy as their brand name is gradually
deteriorating; their alliance with LG has only increased the sales of LG products
as people are more aware of their brand.

55