Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SHEET No.2
PART 1
1. Two forms of carbon are graphite, the soft, black, slippery material used in “lead”
pencils and a lubricant for locks, and diamond, the brilliant, hard, gemstone. Using
the enthalpies of combustion for graphite (-394 KJ/mol) and diamond (-396
KJ/mol), Calculate Δ H for the conversion of graphite to diamond:
Given that
To solve this problem we simply switch the direction of the 2nd reaction (the
diamond reaction) and add the two reactions together. That is,
2. Methanol (CH3OH) is often used as a fuel in high performance engines in race cars.
Compare the standard enthalpy of combustion per gram of methanol with that per
gram of gasoline. A gasoline is actually a mixture of compounds, but assumes for
this problem that gasoline is a pure liquid octane (C8H18). (Standard enthalpies of
formation of CH3OH , C8H18 , CO2(g) and H2O(L) are
-239, -269, -394, and -286 KJ/mol respectively )
standard enthalpy of combustion per gram of octane > standard enthalpy of combustion
per gram of methanol
3. Compare that energy available from the combustion of a given volume of methane
and the same volume of hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure. (standard
enthalpy of formation of methane is -75 KJ/mol )
Since, they (methane and hydrogen) have the same volume and operated at same
temperature and pressure, So that they have the same No. of moles.
4. Assuming that the combustion of hydrogen gas provide three times as much energy
per gram as gasoline, calculate the volume of liquid H2 (Density = 0.0710 g/mL )
required to furnish the energy contained in 80.0 L of gasoline ( Density = 0.740
g/mL ). Calculate also the volume that this hydrogen would occupy as a gas at 1.00
atm and 25𝑜 C.
1 mole 890 KJ
I have to get the new no. of moles that burned to get the amount of energy released
No. of mole = Mass / M.Wt
= 5.8 / (12+4)
= 0.3625 mole
1 mole 890 KJ
0.3625 mole ???? KJ
0.3625 ∗890
??? KJ = = 322.625 KJ
1
a- I have to get the no. of moles that burned to get the amount of energy released
b- I have to get the no. of moles that burned to get the amount of energy released
P V = N R T
𝑎𝑡𝑚 .𝑙𝑖𝑡
( atm ) ( Lit ) = ( g mole ) (𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 . 𝑘
) ( oK )
PV=NRT
𝑎𝑡𝑚 .𝑙𝑖𝑡
( 0.9736 atm ) ( 1,000 L ) = ( ?? g mole ) ( 0.082𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 . 𝑘
)( 298 oK )
( ?? g mole ) = (973.6)/(298*0.082)
( ?? g mole ) = (973.6)/(24.436)
( ?? g mole ) = 39.84
1
C (s) + O2 (g) CO (g) Δ H1 =????? KJ/mole { Find }
2
1
CO(s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) Δ H2 = -283.3 KJ/mole { Given }
2
_______________________________________ ________________________________________
Δ H3 = Δ H1 + Δ H2
-393.7 = Δ H1 + ( -283.3 )
Δ H1 = -393.7 + 283.3
Δ H1 = -110.4 KJ/mole
so that
1
C (s) + O2(g) CO (g) Δ H1 = -110.4 KJ/mole { I proved }
2
But I need
2C (s) + O2 2 CO (g) Δ H = 2* -110.4 KJ/mole
Δ H = - 220.8 KJ /mole
8. Ethanol (C2H5OH) has been proposed as an alternative fuel. Calculate the standard
of enthalpy of combustion per gram of liquid ethanol. Knowing that the standard
enthalpy of formation of ethanol (liquid) = -278 KJ/mole.
9. Some automobiles and buses have been equipped to burn propane (C3H8). Compare
the amounts of energy that can be obtained per gram of (C3H8 (g)) and per gram of
gasoline, assuming that gasoline is pure octane, (C8H18 (L)). Look up the boiling
point of propane. What disadvantages are there to using propane instead of
gasoline as fuel? (Standard enthalpies of formation of C3H8(g) and C8H18(L) are -104
and -269 KJ/mole respectively )
10. Assume that -4.19*106 KJ of energy is needed to heat a home. If this energy is
derived from the combustion of methane (CH4), what volume of methane,
measured at STP must be burned? (Δ𝐻 𝑜 combustion for CH4= -891 KJ/mole)
1 mole - 891 KJ
??? Mole - 4.19*106 KJ
(− 4.19∗10 6 )∗1
??? mole = − 891
= 4,702.581 mole
PV= NRT
𝑎𝑡𝑚 .𝑙𝑖𝑡
(atm ) ( Lit ) = ( g mole ) (𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 . 𝑘
)( oK )
𝑎𝑡𝑚 .𝑙𝑖𝑡
(1 atm ) ( ?? Lit) = (4,702.581 g mole) (0.082 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 . 𝑘
) (273 oK)
4,702.581∗0.082∗273
(?? Lit ) = 1
= 105,271.97 lit
11. At 298 K, the standard enthalpies of formation for C2H2 (g) and C6H6 (L) are 227
KJ/mole and 49 KJ/mole, respectively.
a- Calculate ΔHo for C6H6 (L) 3 C2H2 (g)
b- Both acetylene (C2H2) and benzene (C6H6) can be used as fuel. Which compound
will liberate more energy per gram when combusted in air?
b- Both acetylene (C2H2) and benzene (C6H6) can be used as fuel. Which compound will
liberate more energy per gram when combusted in air?
Which compound will liberate more energy per gram when combusted in air?
(C2H2)
12. Combustion of table sugar produces CO2 (g) and H2O (L).
a- Assuming that sugar is pure sucrose, C12H22O11(S), write the balanced equation for
the combustion reaction.
b- Calculated ΔH in KJ/mole C12H22O11(S) for the combustion reaction of sucrose.
( Standard enthalpy of formation of C12H22O11(S) is 2244 KJ/mole)
b- Calculated ΔH
C12H22O11(S) + 12 O2 12 CO2 + 11 H2O (g)
Δ HC C12H22O11(S) = ( 12 * Δ HF CO2 ) + ( 11 * Δ HF H20 ) + (-1 * Δ HF C2H2 ) + (- 12 * Δ HF O2 )
Δ HC C12H22O11(S) = ( 12 * -394 ) + ( 11 * -286 ) + (-1 * 2244) + (- 12 * 0 )
Δ HC C12H22O11(S) = ( - 4,728 ) + ( - 3,146 ) + ( -2244) + ( 0 ) = - 10,118 KJ/mole