The Case Study Company: Wal-Mart

The Case Study Company –Analyzing Wal-Mart Inc

Contents
Executive Summary..................................................................................................................................1
1.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Objectives..........................................................................................................................................4
1.3 Scope.................................................................................................................................................4
1.4 Limitations.........................................................................................................................................4
1.5 Wal-Mart At A Glance........................................................................................................................4
2.0 Wal-Mart’s Business Model and Strategy.......................................................................................6
3.0 Analyzing People, Organization and Technology- Success Factor & Current Issue................7
3.1 Inspirational Leader...........................................................................................................................7
3.2 Issues in Wal-Mart’s Human Resource Management........................................................................8
3.3 Retention Policy.................................................................................................................................9
3.4 RFID in Supply Chain Management....................................................................................................9
4.0 Chain Model-Understanding the Process.....................................................................................10
4.1 Upstream –Procurement, Logistics and Distribution.......................................................................11
4.2 Mid and Down Stream: Outlet/ Stores Inventory Management and RFID.......................................12
5.0 RFID System in Wal-Mart Value Chain- Implementation and Risks.........................................13
6.0 Recommendation.............................................................................................................................15
7.0 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................15
Reference List.........................................................................................................................................16
Appendix

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 The Case Study Company –Analyzing Wal-Mart Inc

Executive Summary

The report analyzes Wal-Mart Inc Stores on its business environments and
operations specifically in United States. Firstly, is to understand the history and its
current market position. Wal-Mart is a giant retailer in the United States worth billions of
dollars that sells general merchandise. It was founded by Sam Walton after World War
2 in Arkansas. Currently they are the number one corporation in the world.

Wal-Mart business model is everyday low price, which conduct business to

consumer (B2C), business to business (B2B) and online model. They serve customer
from all segments, from everyday consumer to small business owners. Their undisputed
everyday low price had made them the leader in the retail industry with stores over 3800
in US.

The third section is to analyze the people organization and technology issues.
Inspirational leader such as Sam Walton understands the concept of human behavior
which turns out to be the core foundation of Wal-Mart corporate culture. Despite
criticism and allegation regarding low wages, non unionized and poor health care plans,
Wal-Mart has a good retention policy to keep and grow good employees. Wal-Mart often
uses and promote new technology such as RFID.

Wal-Mart Value Chain is a demand based model that places the consumer in-
front forefront. Wal-Mart deals with their supplier and has an excellent replenishment of
inventory. With the use of RFID, managers and can track inventory inside or outside the
stores. Therefore, inventories are kept based on demand and not the traditional
production capacity. RFID has significantly improved the operations in Wal-Mart and will
be a practice in the near future by other organizations.

A recommendation is provided at the end of the report which proposed the

concern on sustainability and improvement on low wages issues.

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 The Case Study Company –Analyzing Wal-Mart Inc

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this report is to conduct a critical analysis of Wal-Mart Stores Inc of
its business environments and its operation in United States.

1.2 Objectives

The objective is to understand how Wal-Mart business runs by exploring the

fundamental concepts of an organization by in depth analyzing people, organization
and technology. To be able to identify the current issues and to come up with
possible solutions

1.3 Scope

In this report, secondary data will be used such as journal articles, websites, text
books, theories and other electronic sources.

1.4 Limitations

The sources that are used are prone to inaccuracy. Personal opinions by
observation will be applied through certain parts of the report which might lead to
biasness.

1.5 Wal-Mart At A Glance

Wal-Mart Stores Inc is an American well known discount store in the retail industry
that operates worldwide. Almost everything can be found in Wal-Mart stores and it has
everything a homemaker can ever think of. It is arguably the largest retail chain that
deals with millions of product ranging from furniture’s, clothes, groceries, books, movies,
electronic, jewelries, baby products and much more. Affordable price range coupled

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 The Case Study Company –Analyzing Wal-Mart Inc

with aggressive brick and click strategy has lead to wide acceptance for Wal-Mart in
towns and cities alike. In 2008, Fortune 500 announced that Wal-Mart is the world
largest corporation with revenue exceeding USD 378.9 million leaving its direct
competitors like Target, Costco, Best-Buy, Albertsons and Sears far behind [ CITATION
CNN08 \l 1033 ]. In 2010, this mega retailer retains the world number one corporation
knocking out Exxon Mobil with revenue over USD 408.1 million [ CITATION CNN10 \l 1033 ].

The establishment of Wal-Mart took place in a small town of Rogers, Arkansas in

early 1940’s. The founder Sam Walton named his family business as Walton Fives and
Dimed than later change to Wal-Mart. By 1962, the Walton’s has already owned eleven
stores and in 1967 they have 24 stores across the state of Arkansas. In 1968, Walton
decided to expand outside of Arkansas and the number of stores grew ever since. Sam
Walton understood how a retailer can change a life of consumers. The commitment he
delivered to customers to provide everyday low price has improved millions of
customer’s life in United States.

Wal-Mart is currently led by three key people, the CEO; Mike Duke, Executive
Chairman; H. Lee Scott and Chairman; S. Robson Walton. They have over 2 million
workers operating in 6500 stores worldwide. In United States alone, it has 3800 stores
with each store as close as sixty kilometers each [ CITATION Zoo06 \l 1033 ] . Wal-Mart
Stores consists of three different traditional retail formats, Supercenters, Discount
Stores (SAM’s Club), and Neighborhood Markets, all of which operate in the U.S, and
its online retail format, Walmart.com.

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 The Case Study Company –Analyzing Wal-Mart Inc

2.0 Wal-Mart’s Business Model and Strategy

“Save Money Live Better”. “Always Low Price, Always”

A business model is an essential for an organizations success. It describes “how

a company produces, delivers and sells a product or service to create wealth” [ CITATION
Lau10 \l 1033 ]. Since in its early establishment, Wal-Mart has already been improving its
business models to suit the organization, customer and supplier to maintain a
competitive advantage and organizational survival. Meeting this requirement had made
Wal-Mart to become the market leader in United States over the years. According to
Cascio (2006) Wal-Mart business model is basically their obsessive focus on the single
core value that is “Always Low Price, Always” for their customers. In addition the author
argued that the business model was a brilliant idea where Wal-Mart sells common
items; for a little cheaper price than everyone else and in result encourages repeat
purchases [ CITATION Cas06 \l 1033 ]. This undisputed leader gives price match guarantee
which they publicly challenge all other stores to offer lower price and agrees to pay back
their customers if there is any difference. With everyday low pricing strategy, they had
builds & maintain customers trust.

Recent development in information technology made Wal-Mart to adapt the

current environment by combining traditional and online world. It is known as brick and
click or Business to Consumer (B2C) E-Retailing. In 1996, Wal-Mart launched
WALMART.COM an interactive online website where consumers can virtually shop at
any time anywhere to make purchases, bookings and browsing thru the online
catalogue. It allows customers to compare which retailers who actually offer the lowest
prices with the best value. Using e-business model, Wal-Mart can reach customers by
using e-marketing tools to make personalize and customize messages, update on latest
promotions and gather information thru crowd sourcing with lower cost than traditional
methods.

As mentioned above, Wal-Mart has segmented their market by providing Sam’s

Club a Business to Business (B2B) Model. It is a chain of warehouse that was created
to support small businesses owners whereby they sell general merchandise in bulks

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 The Case Study Company –Analyzing Wal-Mart Inc

and pallets[ CITATION Wal09 \l 1033 ] . It gives special-members price where the main focus
is to create a network of distributors and partners to coordinate supply chains and high
value merchandise[ CITATION Wal09 \l 1033 ] . However, Cascio (2006) discovered that,
Wal-Mart has the power to squeeze its supplier which is willing to provide high value
and low cost merchandise. Therefore, members are able to make huge savings and
provide opportunities to improve their business profitability. For small business, every
penny counts, Sam’s Club continues to indulge members by working closely with their
suppliers

The models above reflect their business to fulfill the needs of the organization,
enhanced relations with customers and end users in achieving success.

3.0 Analyzing People, Organization and Technology- Success Factor & Current Issue

3.1 Inspirational Leader

Having the right people to lead an organization is a key strategic asset that can
make a company successful. Their vision, style and commitment are the very basis that
shapes an organization culture. Sam Walton philosophies which had became Wal-
Mart’s core foundation value to respect individuals, striving for excellence and customer
is king are the recipe for success in retail business. Bergdhal (2005) describes this as
‘Walmartarianism’ the Sam Walton’s way, where employee partnership, workforce
flexibility and respect to people are embedded in the corporate culture. Sam Walton
emphasize in having open door policy in communication by directly talking to his
employees on their problems, concerns and issues without 3 rd party involvement. He
refers employees as ‘associate’ to the company and believes that “if you take care of
your people, they will take care of your customers, and your business will take care of
itself”[ CITATION Wal92 \l 1033 ].

Sam Walton was described as a servant leader, which he entrust his

management team to use his ten golden rules in dealing with employees and
customers. One of the most powerful rules that Walton believes is in sharing profits with
associates and treating them as partners. Bergdhal (2005) argued that Wal-Mart’s
partnership with their own employees is one of the company’s most important

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 The Case Study Company –Analyzing Wal-Mart Inc

competitive advantages in the marketplace by them offering discounted stocks. This

links with rule number 3; to motivate your partners. According to Bergdhal (2005)
despite giving stocks, no less than 75% of the company managers were promoted from
within which offer them unlimited career potential. Thus it motivates employees to strive
in excellence and do whatever it takes to serve the customers.

3.2 Issues in Wal-Mart’s Human Resource Management

Despite its fantastic corporate culture, Wal-Mart had been labeled as anti labor
union, low wages, poor health care plans and gender discrimination. Wal-Mart has been
in various lawsuits involving employment-related issues and in result to out of court
settlement. “Wal-Mart’s average wage in United States is USD11.75/hour and the
average wage for a retails store person is USD12.04/hour, below average [ CITATION
Bur08 \l 1033 ]. In 2008, they made 63 out-of-court settlement wage and hour class action
that was against them which they have to pay between USD352 million and USD640
million. “Wal-Mart than has agree to use various electronic systems designed to
maintain compliance with its wage and hour policy applicable by law to overcome this
issues”[ CITATION Sla08 \l 1033 ].

Wal-Mart states that there is no “Wal-Mart union” due to familiar, special

relationship between Wal-Mart associates and their managers. A report from Business
Week discovered that Wal-Mart’s tactics to eliminate union are either by eliminating the
department or to close-down the store [ CITATION Bia06 \l 1033 ]. The author discovered that
ten butchers Wal-Mart Supercentre in Jackson was eliminated after they voted to join a
union by switching to pre-packed meats [ CITATION Bia06 \l 1033 ] . Bergdhal (2006) believes
that Wal-Mart wouldn’t be the largest retailer if wasn’t for their low cost philosophy;
including labor cost. He added that if there is such union there will be no such thing as
low price[ CITATION Ber09 \l 1033 ]. However, Wal-Mart’s human resource should
reconsider to balance the issues in low wage and anti union policy to avoid negative
reputation in the future.

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 The Case Study Company –Analyzing Wal-Mart Inc

3.3 Retention Policy

Despite the criticism Wal-Mart face, the HR department goal is to incorporate

Walton’s culture to ‘keep and grow’ good people. Peterson (2005) stresses that Wal-
Mart’s success is due to its ability to retain its employee by using their retention plan.
They obtain high quality people that have the potential to stay by doing extensive
background check and asking employees their requirements from the job such as job
position and schedule. Secondly, Wal-Mart practices its open door policy which is
practice by managers to show a sense of care towards their associates. This can be
simply done by asking them about their current state or anything that is relevant.
Peterson (2005) described this as mandatory participation which will shape employee’s
citizenship behavior. In result, employees stay longer, reduce shrinkage issues(product
damage, spillover, theft etc) and increase in productivity.

3.4 RFID in Supply Chain Management

Wal-Mart is well known to adopt IT infrastructure since 1974 began using

computers for inventory control. In2003, Wal-Mart is one of the major drivers behind the
RFID early adoption and implementation was “they announced a three year
technological compliance plan for its top 300 suppliers” [ CITATION Spi04 \l 1033 ] . They are
able to provide all these services due to their “legendary” supply chain management
which is their key success factor (KSF) in the retail business [ CITATION ASA09 \l 1033 ].
Therefore adopting RFID technology will significantly improve control over the supply
chain management to meet customer demands.

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4.0 Chain Model-Understanding the Process

Figure 1: Wal-Mart Value Chain based on Smith (2005)

Porter (1985) described value chain analysis as “firm collection of activities that
are performed to design, produce, and market to deliver its product” [ CITATION Sha07 \l
1033 ]. Wal-Mart focuses on the lowest cost imperative to maintain lower price align with
goals of SCM to “increase throughput while simultaneously reducing both inventory and
operating expenses”[ CITATION Bla08 \l 1033 ]. The primary activity includes procurement,
distribution, logistics and inventory management. They use their customer

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as the forefront - a pull strategy which the demand from customers is the basis
for production by Wal-Mart suppliers. Thus they don’t produce based on the traditional
production capacity but determined by accurate short term forecasts of customers
demand. This method is similar to Li & Fung & Dell Computers models as they
manufacture based on demands. It reduces the marketing expenditure of advertising
and promoting if products are overstock.

4.1 Upstream –Procurement, Logistics and Distribution

Wal-Mart’s purchases all the goods right from the supplier without 3 rd party
involvement. Bases on figure 1, the suppliers will either send directly to Wal-Mart
centralize distribution centers or to individual stores if they are nearby with the outlet.
Wal-Mart has distribution centers in different parts of United States. “Each centre serves
approximately 150 stores and supplies 80% of the inventory to individual
stores”[ CITATION Bla08 \l 1033 ]. To enhance significant control during delivery, Wal-Mart
uses their own private truck to the distribution centers. “Wal-Mart uses fast and reliable
transportation system by outsourcing more than 7000 truck companies” [ CITATION Bla08 \l
1033 ]. The drivers hired are all very experienced and product tracking can be done to
monitor the movements and make prediction of arrival using RFID system.

Once the product arrives to these centers, they are processed through practice
called cross docking. Here, they are processed and then loaded onto trucks to be
shipped directly and immediately to stores. “The distribution centers do not operate as
warehouses; no product inventory is stored at these facilities” [ CITATION Bla08 \l 1033 ].
Thus they are used to ensure a consistent readiness of stocks and safety stocks. This
system reduces handling & storage of finished goods, to eliminate the role of distribution
centers & stores. Cross-docking the system shifted from “supply chain” to “demand
chain” where explains the pull supply chain. These centers are uses RFID technology to
segregate products, update information, identifying pallets that can be access by most
employees by their mobile system also known as Texlons / Magic Wands. Wal-Mart
tries to minimize their inventory level through Just-In-Time activities to avoid stock-outs.
The outlets are than able to operate on a continuous replenishment with shorter lead

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times and accurate forecast[ CITATION Bla08 \l 1033 ] . These best practices have improved
level of efficiency and able to satisfy customer needs.

4.2 Mid and Down Stream: Outlet/ Stores Inventory Management and RFID

Once the products arrive at individual stores, it will be stored and display at the
shelf area. It’s stored above shelf area where it will be retrieve if products on shelf run
out. When a product is purchased by a customer, the RFID reader at check-out
counters will read the purchase and be sent to the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
System called Retail Link[ CITATION Bla08 \l 1033 ]. The information will be passed to the
suppliers, accounting information system, Texlons Devices and CRM information
system. “Wal-Mart shares real time information with suppliers for better ordering
accuracy, and transparency throughout the supply chain, particularly inventory visibility
and for invoicing and payments” [ CITATION Bla08 \l 1033 ]

Data’s that are sent to the Customer Relationship Management will be used for
data mining to make forecast. Marketing managers in Wal-Mart used data-mine
technology to develop replenishment plans for their suppliers and adjust the
composition of market baskets in individual stores [ CITATION Sha07 \l 1033 ] . They also can
learn about the behavior of their customers of their purchase decision and sending
pattern. Therefore they can plan for peak seasons, to ensure that the right materials,
supplies and personnel are in the right place at the right time. This statement suggest a
range of metrics that might be used “to track customer service by a supplier, including
percentage on-time deliveries, percentage of complete deliveries and percentage of
deliveries with acceptable qualities”[ CITATION Sha07 \l 1033 ].

If a product is low in stock, the EDI system will alert the store manager to make
purchases through Texlons device. At the same time, the data will be sent to suppliers
to alert them to start production. Simultaneously, the data also is sent to the accounting
system will than make confirmation for the request purchase. Once the request has
been approved, supplier can start to distribute. To improve the time of product arrival,
passive RFID that are place can transmit the current location to Wal-Mart’s EDI system.

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This bring great comfort to managers to exactly know where the product whereabouts
and able to inform the customers the actual date the product will be available.

5.0 RFID System in Wal-Mart Value Chain- Implementation and Risks

RFID is a method to capture data about a single object without using human to
read the data. The implementation of RFID tags at pallet and case level, Wal-Mart is
able to “identify and track the products as it arrives at their warehouses until shelving at
the giant retailer”[ CITATION RFI05 \l 1033 ]. Wal-Mart believed that it will be a common
technology in the next decade, like the barcode as it was popularized by them in the
early 80’s[ CITATION Smi05 \l 1033 ]. However, there are not many business are willing to
switch from the existing barcode system due to the cost which may disrupt Wal-Mart
implementations. Generally, barcode is imbedded with the product packaging or
designs are relatively free. Although Wal-Mart is leading the future of this technology, it
is forcing suppliers to burden much of the cost.

There are several key benefits that Wal-Mart and the suppliers can obtain. RFID
can reduce out-of-stocks; make automated order fulfillment, improved inventory, product
tracking, reduce shrinkage and improve product delivery time by providing visibility into
the location of goods with RFID tags. It is all about “tracking” whether it inside or outside
of Wal-Mart, the need to know the product whereabouts is important. Smith (2005)
describe that this as a smart technology because it allows management to program the
device to watch out for theft. For example if a large amount of product moving out the
shelf, it will send a signal to a nearby camera to alert security to ensure these items are
not stolen. According to Wal-Mart’s CIO Linda Dillman, RFID has increase the efficiency
in the supply chain where they have been able to restock RFID-tagged items three
times as fast as non-tagged items[ CITATION RFI03 \l 1033 ].

Wal-Mart is now able to improve their sustainability program to encourage

recycle by using RFID. This is due to the read, write and storage capacity; recycling
companies can use this RFID to sort out the materials that can be recycled more
effectively and efficiently. This recycling company’s can ship out the material back to the

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manufacturers which reduce the utilization of new material. Therefore Wal-Mart is not
only focusing on financial benefits but the ecosystem as well.

It is more expensive to gain new customer than retaining current

customers[ CITATION Ort04 \l 1033 ]. The use of RFID in Wal-Mart have the upmost
strategically important in dealing with customer satisfaction. Smith (2005) discovered
that Wal-Mart has improve their customer experience and loyalty by being able to track
consumers behavior and buying patterns; to keep products and deliveries on shelf in a
timely fashion. It also helps consumers in the speed of purchase whereby a customer’s
check-out as simple as walking out the store. As customer pass by the self service
check-out counter, the reader receives the data from the product and charge the
customer credit card. Using two different systems, it has reduced queue time of the
consumer. Thus Wal-Mart combining its RFID technology with the CRM package can
enhance customer service.

There also some risk associate implementing RFID technology, mainly privacy
issues and cyber terror. It is possible for competitors to steal information regarding
shipments, logistics companies, cost & sensitive information etc. Since the power
source comes from the reader not the tag, hackers can easily infiltrate sensitive
information through this passive tags. According to Smith (2005), Wal-Mart has made
their tag with limited range to read and write capability for security purpose. Privacy
issues in United States are taken very seriously by consumer advocacy groups. Their
concerns were that once the consumer leaves the store, that the tag can still be
monitored. They believe it will be an invasion of privacy as large corporation can
monitor their activity. According to Smith (2005) there are researches done to create
blocker tag at consumer level, but the result is still unknown. Therefore, Wal-Mart
should revise these factors before any further allegations in the future.

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6.0 Recommendation

Supply chains have huge potential to improve sustainable business practices.

Firstly with smart technology such as RFID, Wal-Mart could reduce their carbon
emission to improve the environment. This can be done thru their logistic activities that
directly contribute to environmental degradation. It can improve their corporate
reputation as well as further improving operational efficiency and lowering cost. RFID
tracking functions can reduce unnecessary truck deliveries and reduce customers visit
to the store for out-of-stock items. Imagine millions of shoppers visit Wal-Mart every
day; a few hundred thousand trips that can be saved will save tons of gallons of carbon
emission. Even within its store, the forklifts that run around can locate the product with
100% accuracy reducing carbon emission.

With huge savings on fuel emissions, Wal-Mart and suppliers are able to cut
more cost. This is an opportunity for Wal-Mart to improve the wages system and health
care benefits of their employee. Instead of paying millions of dollars in law suit and out-
of-court settlement, they can pay extra to their employees. This can motivate employees
and in return they can give extra service to the customers. By doing this, in the long run,
it will become a win-win situation for both parties.

7.0 Conclusion

In conclusion, to understand a company, it is important to analyze its

environment and operation. Therefore understanding the business model, the people,
organization and technology in Wal-Mart provides an overview of its operation.
Inspirational leaders, open door policy culture and using advance technology have
made Wal-Mart the number 1 corporation in the world. Wal-Mart supply chain is a
legendary which is the company key success factor. Accompanied with RFID
technology in place, it is near to perfection. No organization is perfect thus Wal-Mart can
improve by becoming a more sustainable and green organization. Further exploitation
the RFID technology can create a better living which lies in their current slogan:

“Save Money. Live Better”.

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Reference List

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Bergdahl, M. (2009). Antidiestablishmentwalmatarianism: The battle for the hearts of and minds of Wal-
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Bianco, A. (2006). No union, please, we’re Wal-Mart. Journal of Labor & Employement Law , 78-81.

Blanchard, C., & Comm, C. (2008). Adding value to service roviders: benchmarking Wal-Mart.
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Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2008). National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates. Retrieved
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Cascio, W. (2006). Decency Means More than “Always Low Prices”:A Comparison of Costco to Wal-
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Fifer, M. (2009). Walmart Using RFID Tags to Improve Logistics. Retrieved March 26, 2010, from Ezine
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Laudon, K., & Laudon, J. (2010). Management Information System: Managing the Digital Firm. Global
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Slater, D. (2008). The Wal-Mart Labor Settlement: A Preemptive Strike against Unionization? Journal of
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Appendix

Source : Zhu, T., Singh, V. & Manuzak, D. (2009) Market Structure and Competition in the Retain
Industry. Journal of Marketing Research. 453-466.

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 The Case Study Company –Analyzing Wal-Mart Inc

Wal-Mart Discount Stores: 51000 to 224,000sqf Wal-Mart Super Centre:  98,000 to 261,000sqf

Sam’s Club: Small Business and Big Buyers Segments

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Changes of logo’s since 1962 to 2009

List of Cases against Wal-Mart

1. Adcox v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 04-00633, United States District Court for the Southern
District of Texas, filed 11/09/04
2. Armijo v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 00-01540, 1st Judicial District Court for the State of
New
Mexico, filed 09/18/00
3. Bailey v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. 00-01398, Marion County Superior Court for the State of
Indiana, filed 08/17/00
4. Barnett v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. 01-2-24553-8, King County Superior Court for the State of
Washington, filed 09/10/01
5. Basco v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. 00-03184, United States District Court for the District of
Louisiana, filed 09/05/00
6. Bayardo v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 07-00349, United States District Court for the District
of Nevada, filed 03/19/07
7. Brogan, Pam, et al. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 07-00214, United States District Court for
the Southern District of West Virginia, filed 04/03/07
8. Brogan, Tammy, et al. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-C-0047, Strafford County Superior
Court for the State of New Hampshire, filed 02/17/05
9. Brown, Lisa v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. 05-L-85, 14th Judicial Circuit Court for the State of
Illinois, filed 06/20/01
10. Brown, Shanaia v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 07-010417, United States District Court for
the Eastern District of New York, filed 04/05/07
11. Campbell v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 06-01172, United States District Court for the
District of Nevada, filed 09/20/06
12. Carter v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 02-CP-15-626, Court of Common Pleas for the State
of South Carolina, filed 07/31/02
13. Cole v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 06-00003, United States District Court for the District of
Montana, filed 01/13/06
14. Connatser v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 07-02239, United States District Court for the
Western District of Tennessee, filed 04/04/07
15. Curless v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-00277, United States District Court for the District
of Wyoming, filed 10/26/05
16. Deas v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 06-00052, United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, filed 04/03/06
17. Evans v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 07-00074, United States District Court for the District
of South Carolina, filed 01/09/07
18. Faverty v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. 02-08-4704, Court of Common Pleas for the State of Ohio,
filed 08/02/02
19. Gilles, et al. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 06-00519, United States District Court for the
District of Indiana, filed 03/31/06
20. Grey v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 06-02293, United States District Court for the District of
Kansas, filed 07/14/06
21. Gross v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 04-01029, Commonwealth of Kentucky Circuit Court
for the State of Kentucky, filed 09/24/04
22. Hale v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. 01-218710, Circuit Court of Jackson County, Missouri, filed
08/15/01
23. Hall, Nancy v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-01099, United States District Court for the
District of Nevada, filed 08/12/05
24. Henderson v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 06-01569, United States District Court for the

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District of Nevada, filed 12/06/06

25. Hicks v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 07-00051, United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Texas, filed 04/03/07
26. Holcomb v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. 00-0633G, State Court of Chatham County, Georgia, filed
03/28/00
27. Husidic v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 06-00441, United States District Court for the
Southern District of Iowa, filed 09/14/06
28. Iliadis v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 549802, Middlesex County Superior Court for the
State of New Jersey, filed 05/30/02
29. Jackson, Dora v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-00269, United States District Court for the
District of Delaware, filed 04/04/05
30. Jackson, Reginald v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-00424, United States District Court for
the District of Idaho, filed 02/03/06
31. Jackson, f/k/a Scott v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. 01-40751-5, Circuit Court of Saginaw County,
Michigan, filed 09/26/01
32. King v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 07-01486, United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania, filed 04/13/07
33. Kraemer v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. 06-00098, United States District Court for the District of
North Dakota, filed 11/15/06
34. Kuhlman v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 01-08080, Circuit Court of Milwaukee County,
Wisconsin, filed 08/30/01
35. Lerma v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 01-01395, District Court of Cleveland County,
Oklahoma, filed 08/31/01
36. Lopez v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 00-12326, 23rd Judicial District Court for the State of
Texas, filed 06/23/00

37. Luce v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-01019, United States District Court for the District of
South Dakota, filed 05/11/05
38. Mathies, et al. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 07-00483, United States District Court for the
District of Oregon, filed 03/30/07
39. McFarlin v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-00094, United States District Court for the
District of Alaska, filed 04/07/05
40. Montgomery v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 03-00537, United States District Court for the
District of Mississippi, filed 12/30/02
41. Mussman v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 01-27486, District Court of Clinton County, Iowa,
filed 06/05/01
42. Nagy v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 01-00854, Circuit Court of Boyd County, Kentucky,
filed 08/29/01
43. Nolan, et al. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 06-00777, United States District Court for the
Northern District of Ohio, filed 04/04/06
44. Olinger v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 06-14055, United States District Court for the
Eastern District of Michigan, filed 09/14/06
45. Parrish v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-00236, State Court of Chatham County, Georgia,
filed 02/17/05
46. Pedro, et al. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 07-10638, United States District Court for the
District of Massachusetts, filed 04/04/07
47. Penn v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 06-06045, United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Louisiana, filed 09/15/06
48. Phelps v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 07-00243, United States District Court for the
Southern District of Illinois, filed 04/04/07
49. Pickett v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 03-05945, 13th Judicial District Court for the State of
Tennessee, filed 10/22/03
50. Poha v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-00697, United States District Court for the District
of Hawaii, filed 11/01/05

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