Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Licenciatura em Matemática
Álgebra Linear I
Aula 10.3
Distância
Entre pontos
z
•
d
B
•
A
A( x1 , y1 , z1 ) B( x2 , y2 , z2 )
uuur r r r
AB = ( x2 − x1 ) i + ( y2 − y1 ) j + ( z2 − z1 ) k
uuur
d = d ( A, B) = AB
d = ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 + ( z2 − z1 )2
Aplicação
Calcular a distância entre os pontos A(3, 0 , − 2 ) e
B (2 , − 4 , 2) .
Solução
A(3, 0 , − 2 ) B (2 , − 4 , 2)
uuur
AB
uuur
d = AB
uuur
AB = ( −1, − 4, 4 )
d = ( − 1) 2 + (−4) 2 + 42 = 33
Aplicação
Mostrar que o ponto P (2, 2,3) é eqüidistante dos postos
A(1, 4, −2) e B (3, 7,5) .
2
Solução
B
P •
A •
•
uuur uur
u
d ( A, P) = d ( P, B) ⇔ AP = PB
Aplicação
Seja o triângulo ABC de vértices A(−3,1, 4), B ( −3,1, 2) e
C (2,1, 6) .Determine o perímetro deste triângulo.
Solução
2 p = AB + BC + AC
A
•
uuur
AB = AB
uuur B
AC = AC
•
uuur
• BC = BC
C
A(−3,1, 4) B ( −3,1, 2) C (2,1, 6)
uuur
AB = B − A = (−3,1, 2) − (−3,1, 4) = ( 0, 0, −2)
3
uuur
AB = ( 0, 0, −2) = 2
uuur
BC = C − B = (2,1, 6) − (−3,1, 2) = ( 5, 0, 4)
uuur
BC = ( 5, 0, 4) = 52 + 42 = 41
uuur
AC = C − A = (2,1, 6) − (−3,1, 4) = (5, 0, 2)
uuur
AC = (5, 2, 2) = 52 + 22 = 29
2 p = AB + BC + AC
uuur
AB = AB = 2
uuur
BC = BC = 41
uuur
AC = AC = 29
2 p = AB + BC + AC = 2 + 41 + 29
Distância
Ponto e reta
r
r : X = P + λ vr
z
r
IR 3
P
•
uur
vr
Distância
Ponto e reta
1° caso P∈ r
z
r
•
P
•
A
y
x
d =0
4
Distância
Ponto e reta
2° caso P∉ r
P
•
uur
vr
d( P,r )
S área do paralelogramo
PABC
P
• C
.
•
H r
A rB
uur vr
S = vr . d .
uur uuur
S = vr × AP
uur uuur
uur uur uuur vr × AP
vr . d = vr × AP ⇒ d= uur
vr
uur uuur
vr × AP
d= uur
vr
Aplicação
Calcule a distância entre o ponto P ( 2 ,1, − 1) e a reta s de
equação dada por:
⎧x = 2 − λ
⎪
s : ⎨ y = 3λ , λ ∈ IR
⎪z = 1− λ
⎩
Solução
uur uuur
vr × AP
d= uur
vr
5
uur
A( 2 , 0 ,1) P ( 2 ,1, − 1) vr = ( − 1,3, − 1)
uuur uur uuur
AP = ? vr × AP = ?
uuur
AP = P − A = ( 0 ,1, − 2 )
uur uuur
vr × AP = ( − 5, − 2, − 1)
uur uuur
vr × AP ( − 5, − 2, − 1)
d= uur =
vr ( −1,3, − 1)
30 330
d= =
11 11
330
d= .
11
Aplicação
Calcule a distância entre o ponto P ( 2 ,1, − 1) e a reta s de
equação dada por:
⎧x = 2 − λ
⎪
s : ⎨ y = 3λ , λ ∈ IR
⎪z = 1− λ
⎩
Solução
uur uuur
vr × AP
d= uur
vr
uuur uur
Q ∈ r / PQ . vr = 0
•P
.
• uur
vr r
Q
uuur
d ( P, r ) = d ( P , q) = PQ
uur
Q ( a , b, c ) P (2,1, −1) vr = (−1,3, −1)
6
uuur
PQ = ( a − 2, b − 1, c + 1)
uuur uur
PQ . vr = −(a − 2) + 3(b − 1) − (c + 1) = 0
− a + 3b − c − 2 = 0
Aplicando Q em s temos:
a = 2 − λ , b = 3λ , c = 1 − λ .
a = 2 − λ , b = 3λ , c = 1 − λ em − a + 3b − c − 2 = 0
5
λ=
11
17 15 6
Q( , , ) .
11 11 11
uuur 5 4 17
PQ = ( − , , )
11 11 11
uuur 330
d ( P, r ) = d ( P , q) = PQ = .
11
⎧x = β ⎧x = 2 − λ
⎪ ⎪
r : ⎨ y = β , β ∈ IR e s : ⎨ y = 4 + λ , λ ∈ IR
⎪z = 1+ β ⎪z = 5 + λ
⎩ ⎩