part 3：

　§001「不用
…」，「顯而易見的道理」
　It goes without saying that +子句
　=（It is）needless to say （that）＋子句
　=It is obvious that +子句
　=Obviously,S+V
　
　§002「據
…」，「聽
」
　It is said tha t+ S + V
　=People/They say that +S+V
　=S + be said to + V
　
　§003「俗

…」，「諺
」，「格言」，「常言道」
　There is a saying that “~”
　=As the saying puts it, “~”
　=As the saying goes, “~”
　=Well goes the saying, “~”
　=An old saying goes, “~”
　
　
　§004「某人突然想到」
　It occurs to sb that…
　=It strikes sb that…
　=Sb hit on/upon it that…
　
　§005「該是…的時候了」
　1.It is time to V / for N 「~的時間到了」
　2.It is time that +S+ Ved / S+should + V 「該是…的時候了」
　
§006 【should可省略】
It is +adj. + that +S （should）+原V
Ex.：It is necessary that S （should） V 「~是必要的」
Adj.=important, essential , proper, urgent
§007「沒有必要」
1.There is no need to V 「沒有必要做」
2.There is no doubt that + S + V 「無疑地」
=There is no benying that + S + V 「不可否認的」
§008「據我看來，…」
1.In my opinion, …
=To my mind, ….
=As far as I am concerned, …
2.According to my （personal）experience, …「根據我的（個人）經驗，…」
= Based on my （personal）experience, …
§009「在…的年代」
1.In the course of my schooling, …「在我求學過程中，…」
2.When I studied at senior high school, …「當我在高中時，…」
3.In the age of information and communication, …「在資訊傳播的年代裡，…」
4.In today’s society, … 「在今日的社會中，…」
§010「隨著，…」
With N.~ , S + have + Vpp
With + N.所形成的子句是附加
態，後接「現在完成式」
Ex.：With the increase of the population, a lot of social problems have occurred
.
§011「
當，…」
Whenever …, S + V
=Every time …, S + V
§012 「等到…的時候」
by the time + S + V
【通常用過去完成式，也可用未來完成式】
§013「既然…」
Now that S + V , S + V
【使用現在式或現在完成式】
§014「事實上，…」
1.In fact, ….
=As a matter of fact, ….
2.To tell the truth, … 「
實話，…」
=To be frank, …
=Frankly speaking, ….
§015 「由於…」
due to …
=owing to
=because of
=on account of
=as a result of
§016「原因是…」
1. The reason why … is that S + V
2.An advantage of …is that S + V 「… 的優點是…」
§017 「不只…，也…」
not only … but （also）…
=not only …but …as well.
§018「一…就…」,「當…的那一
那間，…」
1.As soon as S + V…, S +V..
=The moment/instant/minute （when） S+V…, S+ V…
=Once S+ V…, S + V…
2.As soon as + 子句=Upon/On + Ving
§019「雖然…」
1.Although（=Though） S + V .., S + V….
=S + V…, but S + V
2.even if =even though =although 「即使」
3.In spite of N 「儘管」
=In spite of Ving
=Despite of N
=Despite of Ving
§020「成千的…」
thousands of …
數量詞s ＋ of….
§021「幾倍的」
1.twice as adj./adv. As 「兩倍」
2.三倍以上：
數字 + times + as + adj. /adv. +as~
=數字+times +adj.er +than~
=數字+times+ the + N +of~
§022「和N一樣的adj.」
as adj. as N
§023「盡可能地…」
as +adj./adv. +as one can
=as + adj/adv. +as possible
§024「越來越…」
ex：The more , the better.
The more she eats , the fatter she becomes.
The park is becoming, more and mor beautiful.
1.The + adj.er/adv.er , the +adj.er/adv.er
2.The adj.er + S + V, the adj.er +S+ V
3.比較級+比較級
§025「沒有什麼比：更好/糟了」
1.（There is） nothing better/worse than Ving
=（There is ）nothing as good/bad as Ving
2.Nothing in the world is … 「世界上沒有什麼…。」
§026「雖然…」
adj. + as +S +be , S + V~
=Although S +be +adj.
§027「全力以赴/竭盡全力」
do one’s best/do one’s utmost
do one’s possible
§028「而不是…」rather than…
1.S1 rather than S2 + V1 ….
Ex：He rather than I is handsome.
2.would rather 原Va than 原Vb 「與其B ，寧可A」
=would rathe /sooner A than B
=would V1 rather than V2
=prefer N/Ving to N/Ving
=prefer to + V1 rather than V2
3.prefer+to 與prefer+Ving 用法不同
（1）prefer to +V1 +rather than +V2 「比較喜歡V1…而不願V2…」
=prefer to +V 1+instead of +V2ing
（2）prefer +V1ing/N +to +V2ing/N 「比較喜歡V1…而不喜歡V2…」
§029「舉例而言，…」
such as
=for example
=for instance
§030「換句話
，…」
in other words
=to put it differently
=that is （to say ）
=namely
§031「然而，…」
1.adv.→however=nevertheless
=but（conj.）
2.instead 「相反地」
=on the contrary
3.on the other hand 「另一方面」
§032「除此之外，…」
1.besides=in addition
2.What is more serious/important is that… 「更嚴重/重要的是…」
§033「不然的話…」，「否則」
adv.→otherwise=or（else）【conj.】
§034「如此一來…」，「為了」，「以便於~」
so that…
=in order that
=in order to
句型：S + V + so that + S + V
=in order that S + V
=in order to + V
=so as to + V
=for the purpose of + N
=with a view to V
§035 「令某人覺得…」
to one’s +情
N.
N.=surprisse, sadness, amazement, anger, excitement, relief
§036 Ving/To V is….
§037 【need】
S + need/require + Ving = S +need/require + to be Vpp
（看起來主動，其實是被動的意思）
§038 【It is freezing cold.】
§039「忍不住…」，「禁不起…」
could not but + 原V
=could not help but +原V
=could not help +Ving
§040「某人必須要做的是…」
All/what sb （should/have to） do/did beV （to） +V….
Ex：all you want to do
The only thing he did
§041 「那些…的人」
Those 【who +V ….】+V….
Ex：Those who want to improve English can read this book.
§042
With + N, S +V….
有adv.的作用
ex：With courage, she climbed the Himalayas.
=She climbed the Himalayas courageously.
§043
with + O + OC 表「附帶的
況」，有四種形式：
1.S + V + with + N +adj.
2.S + V + with + N +介系詞片語
3.S + V + with + N + Ving（主動）
4.S + V + with + N + Vpp（被動）
§044「一個…，另一個…」
1.兩個時：One…; the other …..
2.三個時：One …; another….; the other …..
3.兩群：Some….. （the）others…..
§045 「有些…其他…」
1.非限定的兩群：some ….some/others….
2.非限定的三群：some ….others….still others…
3.限定的兩群：明確數字/some +….the other/rest… 「有些…其他/其餘的…」
§046「彷彿；好像」
as if/though + 假設語
§047 有「感嘆」之意
if only + 過去式/過去完成式 →感嘆句，強烈願望
ex：If only I could meet you earlier. 但願我能早日遇見你。
§048「無論…」
1.Whatever + S + V, S + V…
=No matter what + S + V, S + V…
2.However + adj./adv. + S + V, S + V….
= No matter how + adj./adv. + S + V, S + V….
§049
句型：Conj. + S + V/Ved…, S + V…
→（Conj.）Ving/Vpp…., S + V….
1.使用於表時間、原因、理由、條件、誏
、附帶
況等附屬子句
2.BeV →改為being或having been
3.S不同時保留
§050 倒裝
§051「直到某時才~」
1.Until …., S + not + V…「直到…，S都不…」
=S + not + V … until …
=It is/was not until ….that + S + V…「沒有到…，S才…」
=After/When S+ V…, S + V…「在…之後，S就…」
§052「沒有…不…」，「所有的…都…」
no/not/never…without + Ving/N
=no/not/never…but +V
§053「尤其是…」
most of all,…
=above all,…
§054「如此一來，…」
in this way,…
§055「最後，但並非最不重要的是…」
Last but not least,….
§056「總之，…」
To sum up, ….
=in conclusion
=in a word
§057「因此，…」
As a result, …
=consequently,
=in consequence,
=therefore
Chapter 1 單字記憶六大法
（1）刪除規則
無聲子音：p / t / k / f / / s / / / h
有聲子音：b / d / g / v / / z / / m / n / / l / r / / w / j
一、ex變e刪規則
ex-後接「無聲子音」和「母音」時，ex-的x保留。
Ex：excting, expansion
二、s刪除規則
當s在字根的前端力，若前面字首為ex時，則把s刪除。
Ex：ex + spend = expend
三、D刪除規則
當d在動詞尾端時，後面若接s造成名詞化時，則將d刪除，通常是lude加sion時，會
生這
個情況。
Ex: delude + sion = delusion
四、N刪除規則
當字首an後面接以子音為首的字，則刪除an的n，字首an-的意思有「沒有；否…；極端；不
是」等含意。
Ex : an + mend = amend
五、母音加c刪除規則
當母音和c或g並排時，若後面接字尾y，則把母音和c，g都刪除。
Ex : satis + fic + y =satisfy
六、E刪除規則
當字首的末尾為er或是or時，若後面接的是母音，則er或是or要變成r，亦即刪除了e或是o
ex : waiter + ess = waitress
七、syn 變sy 刪除規則
當syn後接st時，則變成sy，n省略。
Ex : syn + st + em = system
八、con變 co刪除規則
當con後面接母音a 和e時，或是v , h , gn時, con變co，意即去掉了n！
ex : con + gnizable = cognizable
（2）同化現象
一、當con後面若接b , p ,m 時，則con 變成com
【亦即con後面不能接有b, p , m出現的單字】
con + b, p , m = comb, comp, comm.
口訣：con接爸爸（pp），媽媽（mm），拜拜（byebye）
ex：computer, communication, combustion,
二、syn後面若接b, p , m時，則syn變成sym
【亦即syn後面不能接有b, p , m出現的單字】
syn + b, p , m = symb, symp, symm
ex:symbiosis, symmetry, symptom
三、當in-和en-後面若接b, p , m時，
則in變成im, 而en會變成em
【亦即in-, en-後面不能接有b, p , m出現的單字】
→in + b, p , m = imb- , imp- , imm-
→en + b, p , m = emb- , emp- , emm-
ex:imbalanced, important, immediately
四、 當dis-後面接 f時，dis變成dif
【亦即dis-後面不能接有f出現的單字】
dis + f =diff
ex:differentiability, diffident
五、若ex後面接f的話，則變成ef
ex + f = eff
【亦即ex後面不能接有f出現的單字】
ex:effect, effort
六、當ob後面接c , f , p 時，則變為oc , of , op
口訣：富有的嬉皮→富嬉皮→fcp
ob + f , c , p= off , occ, opp
ex:office , occasional, opposite
七、當sub後面接c , f, g , p , r 時，則變為suc, suf, sug, sup , sur
sub + c , f , g , p , r =succ- , suff- , sugg- , supp- , surr-
ex:successful, sufficent , suggestive, support, surrounding
八、若con, in後面接l, r 時，則變為col, cor ,及il, ir
con, in +l, r =coll, corr及ill, irr
ex:colleague, corrector, illegitimacy, irregular
九、當字根volv或-solv後面接tion或t-, 轉成名詞時，詞尾的v變成u，即volv→volu
ex:solution, revolution
（2）字首、字根法
1.anti-表示against之意
2.auto-表示「自己的；自動的」之意
3.ex-有「out, outside」之意
4.anim=life生命
5.act, ag = action 行動
6.cad, cas, cid , cay = fall 降落
7.cede, ceed, cess= walk 走
8.cid, cis =cut 切
9.clud, clus = close
10.voc, vok, vow, vou= call
11.dict = speak
12.duc, duct =lead
13.it= walk
14.locu, loqu, logy, logi = speak
15.ceiv, cept, cap, cipi, cipa = Take
16.luc, lus, lumen= light
17.miss, mit= send
18.vig, vit, viv= energy, life
19.spir =breathe
20.theo = god
21.gam= marriage
22.neo = new
（3）心像想像大法
（4）聲音聯想法
（5）分辨法【易混淆單字】
ex:hanger（掛鉤）, hunger（飢餓）

Chapte2
（1）「起」承轉合
1.一般而言；一般
來
As a rule
=at large
=by and large
=generally
=generally speaking
=roughly speaking
=vaguely speaking
=loosely speaking
=broadly speaking
=as a practice
=As a general ting, S + V

2.大體而言，總的
來
On the whole
=On the average
=in the main
=for the most part
=overall
=altogether
=all in all

3.就我所知
As far as I know,
=to the best of my knowledge,
=for all I know,

4.就我而言
As far as I am concerned,
5.套句古人的話
，如同諺語所言
As a proverb runs/ says/ goes
=As the saying is
=As an old saying goes/ runs/ says
=Well goes an old saying, “…”（倒裝句）
=It’s an old saying that…
=To cite an old saying,

6.就如人們常言道
As people go,
7.藉由…方法（手段）
By means of
=by virtue of
=by dint of
=via
=by
=through
8.盡其所能地做
be all for + Ving =try one’s best to V
9.和…同樣
Be akin to
=be tantamount to
=be equivalent to
=be analogous to
=be similar to
=be identical to

10.不會再…；從此不再/沒有…
never + to V
11.竟然…；卻…
only（merely/ simply/ just） to V
12.以某種方法；不管怎樣；不管用什麼方法
One way or another
=in some way
=by hook or by crook

13.
來奇怪
Curiously speaking
=Curious to speak
=Strange to say,
=oddly enough
=curiously
=strangely
=mysteriously
=oddly

14.坦白

Frankly speaking
=frankly
=to be honest

15.在這裡請注意
Here let it be noted that
16.我認為；我的看法是
In my （personal） opinion
=I am of the opinion that

17.不用

It goes without saying that
=Needless to say, …..
18.以免…；以防
lest…（should）…
=for fear （that）...should
19.幸虧

Thankfully
20.幸運的是
Lucky to say,
=Fortunately,
=fortuitously,
=As good luck would have it, S+ V

21.如果幸運的話；如果運氣好的話
With luck, +主要子句
22.最好；好妨；乾脆
may as well + V
23.乾脆…而不要；寧願…也不要；與其…還不如
may/ might as well + V1 + as + V2
24.A之於B就像X之Z
A is to B what X is to Z
=A is to B as X is to Z
=As X is to Z, so is A to B
=What X is to Z, that is A to B

25.不…也不…；S1不是/會/能…正如S2…不是/會/能…一樣
No more …than….
26…和…一樣
no less…than….
27.甚至都不
助動詞 + not so much as….
..cannot so much as + V （甚至…都不能）
…do not so much as + V （甚至…都不）
…have not so much as +Vpp （甚至…都沒有）
28.與其
是…倒不如
是
Not so much …as…
29.不可否認的是
No one can deny that
=There is no denying
=It is impossible to deny
=admittedly
=unquestionably
=without a doubt
=undeniably
=no doubt
=without a doubt
=beyond doubt
=undeniably
=indisputably
=certainly

30.
來遺憾
Regretful to say
=regrettably

31.傳言
；據

Rumor has it that
32.
來可悲
Sad to say
=sadly
=to one’s sadness

33.幾乎不；簡直不
Seldom or never….
=little or nothing

34.很少, 即使曾經有
Seldom, if ever
Ex:This incident occurs sedom, if ever.
35.嚴格來講
Strictly speaking,
36.這件事表明了/
明了…
The fact that S + V demonstrates that S + V
37.其中A跟B的（明顯；顯著）差異在於…
The （sharp/ stark） contrast / difference / clash / distinction between A and B
is that…/ lies in the fact that
38.事實上；實際上
To tell the truth
=in fact
=in effect
=in practice
=in reality
=in truth
=as a matter of fact
=As it is
=actually
=in actuality
=virtually
=for （all） practical purposes
39.首先
To begin with
=to start with
=initially
=in the first place
=for a start
=in the beginning
=at the start
=For openers（as a beginning or first part of a process）
（2）起「承」轉合
1.根據；按照；依照
According as+ 子句=according to + N
2.像…一樣
as much so as + N
3.如此…以致於…
so much so that
4.對…是常有的事 / 家常便飯
As is often the case with N,
5.關於；就…而言
About
=on N
=as regards + N
=in/ with relation to
=in/ with respect to
=in / with regard to
=in/ with reference to + N
=concerning
=considering （this）
=regarding
=respecting
=on the subject of
=as for
=as to
=given
註：given當prep.→given+（that）表示考慮到

6.根據目前情勢/ 情況
As thing are/ go,
7.只因為…並不代表
Just because S + V … doesn’t mean +that S + V
8.舉個例來
；例如
For example
=e.g.
=for instance
=to illustrate
=as an illustration
=to demonstrate
=For starters

9.在這個例子上來
；既然這樣
In this instance
=in this case

10.就這一點而言
in this Regards
11.在一些例子/ 事例上
in some instances/ cases
12.首先；一則
For one thing
13.為了…的目的
For the purpose of
=for the sake of
=for the benefit of
=with a view to + Ving
=with an eye to Ving
=with the aim of

14.為了這個目的
For this purpose
=to that end
=to this end

15.從那/ 這一刻起
From the moment that S1 + V1 , S2 + V2
16.或不
or otherwise
17.凡是…的人
Those who V1…, V2….
=He who..
=People who…
=They who…

18.更不用

Let alone
=not to mention
=not to speak of
=to say nothing of

19.認為A是B
look upon A as B
=think of A as B
=refer to A as B
=speak of A as B
=regard A as B

20.聽

I hear that
=it is said that
=people hear that
21.似乎
It seems/ looks as if….
22.將…視為理所當然
take it for granted that….
23.去做…是我們的責任
It is incumbent upon/ on us to + V
=It is our duty to + V
24.將…列入考慮
Take + N. into account
=take +N. into consideration
=take account of
=bear….in mind
=make allowance for
=allow for
=make allowances for

25.根據
In accordance with + N.
=according to + N.
=according as S + V

26.再一次地
Again,
27.此外
In addition
=besides
=further
=Also
=Furthermore
=additionally
=moreover
=what is more
=what’s more
=further

28.以防、以免（=for fear that=lest）；如果（=if）

In case + S + V
29.十之八九；極有可能
In all likelihood
=in nine cases out of ten,
=Ten to nine
=There is every likelihood that S + V
30.又名；又稱（是also known as 的縮寫）
a.k.a
31.換句話
；意即；也就是

In other words
=that is （to say）
=to change another words
=to put it another way
=to put it differently
=（to） put （it） another way
=Or, to putit another way
=i.e.
=namely
=viz.
=to clarify
=to rephrase it

32.回顧以往；事後來看
In retrospect
=on reflection
=in hindsight
=with hidsight

33.偶然地
Incidentally
=by chance
=by accident
=by coincidence
註：incidentally也可做「順便一提」
34.很多
《Much/ not a little/ no little/ quite a little/ a great deal of/ a great amount
of 》 + 不可數N.
《Many/ Not a few/ no few/ quite a few/ a great number of 》+ 可數N.
35.實質上
Substantially
=In substance
=essentially
註：substantially也可做「相當多地」
36.由於；因為
Thanks to N.
=Owing to N.
=On （the） ground（s） of
=Due to N.
=Because of N.
=As a result of N.
=As a consequence of N.
=on account of N.
=in view of N.
=given that S + V
=inasmuch as +子句
=forasmuch as + 子句
=because of the fact that
=because + 子句
=as + 子句

37.接著
Subsequently
=then
=afterward（s）

38.簡單地

simply put
=in simpler terms

39.即使是…也會…→It is …that never…

即使是…也不會…→it is … that ….
40.
…並不過分；
…並不為過
It is not too much to say that…
41.大意是

（It is）to the effect that…
42.一定…；認為有必要…
make a point of +Ving
=make it a point/ rule + to V

43.部分因為…部分因為…
Partly because…, and partly because….,
44.部分由於…，部分由於…
Partly with…, and partly with,
=What with N., and （what with ）+ N.
45.部分藉著，部分藉著
Partly by…and partly by…,
=What by…and what by…,

46.部分是因…，部分是因…，但主要原因是…
It is partly because…and partly because …, but mainly because…
47.事實上
In all intents and purposes,
=To all intents and purposes

48.姑且一
/ 姑且先這樣
/ 先這樣
…已足
了

suffice it （to say）
=suffice it that

49.令不驚訝的是
To one’s astonishment
=to one’s surprise
=to one’s amazement
=to one’s astoundment

50.令人高興的是
To one’s delight
=To one’s joy
=to one’s exultation
=to one’s jubilation

51.令人失望是是
To one’s excitement
52.令人興奮的
To one’s excitement
53.令人後悔的是
To one’s regret
54.一談到…
when it comes to + N/ Ving
55.我必須強調的是
What I must （or have to）emphasize/ stress/ underscore/ put emphasis on/ put st
ress on is +that +子句
56.所謂的
what we call
=so-called
=what is called

（3）起承「轉」合
1.相較之下
In comparison with
=Compared with
=by contrast with
=In contrast
=by comparison
2.和相較下；和…相反
be up against + N.
=be balanced against + N.
=be vis-?-vis
=be pitted against + N.
=be opposite to
=be diametrically
=opposite to +N.
註：vis-?-vis 作prep.，相當於face to face with 或是against
3.乍看之下；表面看來；表面上
At fist appearance
=at first glimpse
=on its face
=on the fact of it
=on the surface
=to all appearances
=at first glance
=at first sight
=at first blush

4.從壞處想
at the worst
5.順便一提
By the way
=incidentally
=…, I might add.

6.問題在於
The crux is that
=the problem is that

7.任何時候
At any one time
8.從現在開始
From now on
=henceforth

9.然而；儘管如此（若插入句子中間）
However
=Still
=Nevertheless
=nonetheless
=In spite of this
=but at the same time
10.然而；儘管…
Despite N.
=notwithstanding N.
=For all that S + V
=With all/ for all N.
=notwithstanding that
=despite the fact that
=whereas + 句子

11.萬一
If by any chance S + V, S V
12.即使如此
Even so
13.即使
Even if / though
14.若非（跟過去相反）
If it had not been for N.,
=Had it not been for
=But for

15.若非（跟現在相反）
If it were not for N.
=Were it not for N.
=but for N.

16.如果；假如
If + 句子
=provided/ providing that
=supposed/ supposing that
=in the event that

17.同時
in the meantime
=at the same time
=meanwhile

18.如此地…以致於（用來強調）
So much so that
19.同樣地
In the similar way
=be analogous to N.
=by the same token
=in like manner
=in like fashion
=in the same way
=in similar fashion
=similarly
=likewise
=it is also true that + 句子
=it also holds true that + 句子
=it is also true of + N.

20.如此一來
In this manner
=in this way
=in so doing

21.現在正是…的時機
It is high time that S + Ved
=It is high time that 人+ should
=It is high time to + V

22.過了一會
After a while
=by and by

23.是理所當然的
It stands to reason that…
24.既然
Since
=now that
=seeing that

25.經過三思後
On second thought（s）
26.相反地
On the contrary
=conversely
=Rather
=instead
=conversely speaking

27.另一方面；相反地
On the other （hand）
=on the other side

28.主要的原因是…
The main/ chief/ principal reason why S + V is that
29.對…公平而論
To do one’s justice,
30.保守地
；委婉地講
to say the least of it,
31.更糟的是
What’s worse
=worse still
=worse yet
=even worse
=worse still
=To make matters worse

32.立刻
right now
=right off
=right away
=in a jiffy
=in an instant
=in no time
=at once
=straightaway
=without delay
=immediately
=at the drop of a hat

33.在藉口之下
Under the pretext of
=under the disguise of

34.你認為…如何？
What do you say to Ving
35.即使不是全部
If no all
36.如果/ 即使有（區別或是…）的話/ 假使有所不同的話
If anything
37.即使有的話
If any

（4）起承轉「合」
1.最重要的是
Above all
=Most important of all
=most importantly

2.更重要的是
More important
=more important still
=more importantly

3.所有都列了考慮之後；總的來講
All things considered
4.因此
As a result
=As a consequence
=in consequence
=therefore
=hence
=thus
=accordingly
=consequently
=wherefore（conj）
=thereupon
=so that
=so much （so）that

5.就因為這樣；事實上；就如同目前的
況一樣
As the case stands,
6.視情況而定
As the case may be
=whatever the case might be

7.根據上述來看
According to the aforementioned/ above-mentioned,
8.無論如何；不管怎樣
At any rate
=at any cost
=at any price
=in any event
=in all events
=by all means
=at all costs
=in any case
=under any circumstances
9.從那時起
From then on
=from that day onwards

10.從現在開始；從今以後
From now on
=henceforward
=henceforth
=hereafter
=subsequently

11.基於此因
For this reason,
=On this ground（s）

12.綜上述來看
In view of the above-mentioned facts
13.簡而言之；一言以蔽之；簡言地

In brief
=in short
=to be brief
=to be short
=in a word
=in a nushell
=simply put
=（to）put it briefly
=briefly speaking
=（to）put it simply
=to put it plainly
=to make a long story short
=to cut a long story short
14.從以上來判斷
Judging from/ by （the above）
15.最後
In the end
=in the long run
=finally
=At last
=eventually
=ultimately
=at length
=lastly
=in the event

16.總之；總而言之；結論是…
In sum
=in summary
=to sum up
=to summarize
=in conclusion
=to conclude
=all in all
=lastly

17.最後一件重要的事是
Last but not least,
18.整體而論；總的
來
On the whole
=overall
=altogether
=all in all
=The long and the short of it, S + V
19.上面所
的
what is said above
20.言歸正傳
return to the subject
21.從前述來看
as was previously stated
=as has been mentioned
=as has been noted

（5）其它「沒有特別限定」
1.使A和B不同/有區別的是
What differentiate A from B is
2.最重要的論點是
The most important part of the argument is
3.在消極面來看；就缺點面來看
On the down side
=on the negative side

4.就樂觀面來看；就優點來看
On the up side
=on the positive side

5.就實際應用來看
On the practical side
6.就理論上來看
On the theoretical side
7.就私人方面；就私生活面來看
On the personal side
8.從…的立場/ 觀點來看
From the viewpoint of
9.有可能，但不太可能
It is possible, but unlikely
10.表面上似乎是；但是事實是
It seems to be , but the reality is that
11.表面上看來的（其實）是
What seems to be …is
12.隨著時間
加而變得更加明顯的是
What become increasingly clear over time is that…
13.其中之一理由是
One reason for ….is that
14.同樣地；出於同樣的原因
For the same reason
15.從現在起的十年後
A decade from now
16.二週後
The week after next
17.在你注意/意識到以前
Before you know/ are aware of it,
18.長期上來看
In the long run
19.短期來看
In the short run
20.A 和B有某些共同的特色
A shares certain features with B
21.比較不相干、不同性質的事物
Be like comparing apples and oranges
22.不能相提並論的東西
Different animals
23.對…有很大的優勢
That’s a great advantage over
24…..是常有的事
It is often the case that…
25.包含了但不只限於…
Including but not limited to
26.剩下的
For the rest of
27.大部分
For the most part
28.假設
Assuming that
29.假設
Suppose that
30.在極端的例子上
In extreme cases
31.就某種意義上來

In a sense
32.個別來看
On a case-by-case basis
33.在這個場合/ 事例並不成立
Does not hold in this case
34.落入其中一種形式
Fall into one of …patterns
35.就我的經驗
In my experience
36….的方有兩個層面
The way to …is really two fold.
37.A是一體兩面
A is like the two faces of a coin.
=On the one side,…On the other side…These two aspects.
38.你儘管去試；雖然你可以去試，但…
Try as you may（might）…
39.表明了…
The fact S + V demonstrates that…
40.就理論而言…，就實際而言…
In theory…but in reality…
41.唯有當…才會
It is only as S + V that…
42.越是…越是…
The more…, the more…
43.不但…而且…
not only…but also…
=not only …but…
=not only …as well
44.接二連三的
a barrage of

Chapter 3
（1）因果關係
1.由於；起因於…；因為
thanks to
=owing to
=due to
=on （the）ground（s）of
=by virtue of
=in virtue of
=by reason of
=in view of
=in （the）light of
=because of
=as a result of
=as a consequence of
=on account of
=in view of
=given that + S + V
=inasmuch as +子句
=forasmuch as +子句
=as +子句
=because of the fact that
=because

2.既然
since
=now that
=seeing that

3.因此
as a result
=as a consequence
=in consequence
=therefore
=hence
=thus
=accordingly
=consequently
=wherefore
=thereupon
=so that
=so much （so ） that
4.造成；引發；導致
cause
=lead to
=contribute to
=result in
=give rise to
=bring about
=incur
=generate
=be responsible for
=cause
=beget
=breed
=induce
=produce
=engender
=court
=touch off
=tigger
=originate
=develop

5.把A（的原因）歸為B
attribute A to B
=ascribe A to B
=impute A to B

6.起因於；由於；由…而起
arise from
=derive from
=stem from
=result from
=spring from
=proceed from
=follow on

7.可見；由此可見；就可以
；…是必然的
it follows that
8.不見得；未必
it does not follow that
（2）附加、除外
1.除了【有包括在
之意】
besides
=along with
=as well as
=in addition to
=plus
=apart
=aside
=aside from
=apart from
=on top of
=together with
=coupled with
=including
=inclusive of
=combined with
=…included
=with the addition of
2. 除了【有扣除不算之意】
beyond
=except
=except for
=but
=save
=aside from
=apart from
=other than
=bar
=baring
=exclusive of
=excluding
=with the exception of
=to the exclusion of

3.不考慮【有扣除不算之意】
leave aside
4.也；並且；再加上【有包括在
之意】
as well
=too
=to boot
=at that
=for good measure
=also

（3）引用例子
1.舉個例來

for example
=e.g.
=for instance
=say
=citing as an example
=to illustrate
=as an illustration
=to demonstrate
=to take one example
=to take just a few example
=take
=take N, as an example
=take N. ,for example
=say
=let’s say （that）

2.在這個例子上來

in this instance
=in this case

3.等等…；諸如此類
and so on
=and so forth
=and the like
=and such like
=such as
=you name it
=and what not
=and what have you
=et cetera
=etc.
=and so on and so forth
=to name（but/ just）a few
=to mention（but/ just） a few
4.如同…所示
As indicated by
=as witnessed by
=as demonstrated by
=as evidenced by

（4）逆接
1.相較之下
compared with/ to
=by contrast with
=in contrast
=by comparison
=up against
=balanced against
=as opposed to
=as compared with
=as contrasted with
=as distinct from
=contrary to
=unlike
=be pitted against
=in sharp contrast to
=be diametrically opposite to
=in sharp contrast with
= in comparison/ contrast with /to
2.乍看之下；表面上
at first appearance
=at first glimpse
=on its face
=on the fact of it
=on the surface
=to all appearances
=at first glance
=at first sight
=at first blush

3.然而；儘管如此；雖然
however
=still
=nevertheless
=nonetheless
=in spite of this
=despite + N.
=notwithstanding+N.
=regardless of N.
=irrespective of N.
=in the teeth of N.
=with regard/ respect to N.
=for all that S + V
=with all/ for all N.
=notwithstanding that
=despite the fact that
=having said that
=despite what I have just said
=whereas + 句子
=at the same time
=just the same
=all the same
=althougt

4.相反地；反之；正好相反
on the contrary
=conversely
=rather
=instead
=conversely speaking
=otherwise
=on the other hand

5.不是…（而是）
instead fo +N.
=far from +N.

6.即使
even though+句子
=even if+句子

7.更確切地

or rather
8.另一方面；另一種可能性
alternatively
9.另一方面
on the other hand
（5）
法用語
1.姑且一
/姑且先這樣
/先這樣
…已足
了
suffice it （to say）that
=Suffice it that
=it is sufficient to say that
2.簡單地

simply put
=in simpler terms
=to put it simply
=to put it briefly
=put simply
=put briefly
=briefly speaking
=simply put
=simply stated
=to cut a long story short
3.
…並不過分
It is not too much to say that
4.大意是

It is to the effect that
5.根本上
basically
=in essence
=essentially
=fundamentally
=radically

6.雪上加霜；尤有甚者
to add insult to injury
7.保守地
；婉轉地

to say the least of it
8.與…成比例；與…相稱
in proportion to N.
=in proportion to as +句子
9.不成比例；不相稱
out of proportion to
10.盲目相信；上當
swallowing N. hook , line and sinker
11.完全地
lock, stock, and barrel
12.唯有當…只要…
only insofar as
（6）排序
1.首先

To begin with
=to start with
=initially
=in the first place
=for a start
=first
=first of all
=in the first place
=first and foremost
=at the start
=For openers
=from/ in the beginning
2.其次；再來；此外
second
=secondly
=in the second place
=besides
=next
=further
=also
=furthermore
=additionally
=moreover
=then
=on top of thist
=on top of that
=what is more
=in addition
=again
=what’s more

3.最後；最終
last
=last but not least
=in the end
=in the long run
=finally
=at last
=eventually
=ultimately
=at length
=lastly
=last and most important
4.更糢的是
what’s worse
=to make matters worse
=to top it off

5.最慘的是；最糟的是
worst of all
=to crown it all
=to cap it all
=to top it all

　　
　　
　　
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