-Shailendra Yadav

EE-42(0705420096)
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 INTRODUCTION OF
SUBSTATION
It is situated at 26°34’2’’N & 80°32’57’’E coordinates
in Dahi Chowki 6.64 km far from Unnao railway station.

Constructed during 1994-98 by CGL.

The whole substation is divided in three parts:

132kv switchyard
400/220kv switchyard
765kv switchyard (Under construction)

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 INCOMING & OUTGOING LINE OF
SUBSTATION
•Unnao to Lucknow (400KV & 220KV both separate)
•Unnao to Bareily-1 (400KV)
•Unnao to Bareily-2 (400KV)
•Unnao to Agara (400KV)
•Unnao to Panki Kanpur(400KV & 220KV both separate)
•Unnao to Anpara (400KV)
•Unnao to PGCIL Lucknow-1 (400KV)
•Unnao to PGCIL Lucknow-2 (400KV)
•One bus bar for 400/220KV 315MVA ICT-1 & ICT-2 line.

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OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT USED IN
SUBSTATION
 Two 100MVA 220/132KV transformer
 Two 315MVA 400/220KV transformer
 Shunt reactor
 Capacitor bank
 SF6 circuit breaker
 Isolators
 Lightning arresters
 Current transformer
 Capacitor voltage transformer
 Wave trap
 Isolators

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ConservaterTank
Transformer H.V. side
bushing CT

COOLING SYSTEM
(ONAN)

L.V. side bushing

CTs
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 Radiator plates
Oil pump is
used for
circulating oil
forcelly.

Radiator
plates are
used for
increasing
surface area
for natural air
cooling.

Oil pump Earthing

plate 6
 COOLING FANS

 we use Cooling fans for

forced air cooling of
transformer . Total six fans
are used for each 100MVA
and eight fans are used for
each 315 MVA transformer.
But all fans never start at
same time . It start in pairs .

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 Tertiary
terminal

Tertiary terminal mostly

opened.

The output voltage of

tertiary terminal is 11KV in
100MVA transformer and
33KV in 315 MVA
transformer
OLTC Pressure
chamber relief valve
box

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TERMINALS ON TANK COVER

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In these photos we can see fogging near transformer due to
operation fire protection system.

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 BUCHHOLZ RELAY
Buchholz relay is a safety device mounted on some oil-filled power
transformers and reactors. It is used as a protective device sensitive to
the effects of dielectric failure inside the equipment.

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 OTI & WTI
OTI panel
WTI panel

OTI –oil temp. indicator

measure temp. of oil filled
in transformer. In OTI has
two mercury bulb.

WTI- winding temp.

indicator measure winding
temp of transformer. It has
four mercury bulb.

mercury
bulb

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 CURRENT TRANSFORMER

In electrical engineering, a current

transformer (CT) is used for
measurement of electric currents.
Current transformers, together
with voltage transformers (VT)
(potential transformers (PT)), are
known as instrument transformers.
When current in a circuit is too high
to directly apply to measuring
instruments, a current transformer
produces a reduced current accurately
proportional to the current in the
circuit, which can be conveniently
connected to measuring and
recording instruments.

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PROTECTION DIAGRAM

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 CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
A capacitor voltage transformer
(CVT) is a transformer used in
power systems to step-down extra
high voltage signals and provide
low voltage signals either for
measurement or to operate a
protective relay.
The device has at least four
terminals, a high-voltage terminal a
ground terminal and at least one set
of secondary terminals.
CVTs are typically single-phase
devices

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 Cross sectional view of CVT
1 - Primary terminal
2 - Cast aluminum bellow housing
3 - Stainless steel expansion bellow
4 - Compression spring
5 - Insulated voltage connection
6 - Capacitor elements
7 - Insulator (porcelain or composite)
8 - Voltage divider tap connection
9 - Cast-epoxy bushing
10 - HF terminal connection
11 - Ferro-resonance suppression
device
12 - Secondary terminals
13 - Oil level sight-glass
14 - Aluminum terminal box
15 - Intermediate transformer
16 - Oil/air block
17 - Oil sampling device
18 - Compensating reactor
19 - Aluminum cover plate
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PRINCIPLE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF
CVT
1. High Voltage terminal
2. Compensation reactor
3. Intermediate voltage
transformer
4. Ground terminal
5. Ferro-resonance
suppression device
6. Damping resistor
7. Carrier (HF) terminal
(optional)
8. Overvoltage protective
device
9. Secondary terminals
10. Link, to be opened for
test purposes

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 CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker is an
automatically-operated
electrical switch
designed to protect an
electrical circuit from
damage caused by
overload or short circuit.
In this image we can
see a SF6 circuit breaker
with double break
system.

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 ISOLATORS
Isolating rod
An isolators switch are
used to completely de-
energized an electrical Earth link rod
circuit. High-voltage
isolation switches are used
in electrical substations to
allow isolation of apparatus
such as circuit breakers and
transformers, and
transmission lines, for
maintenance.

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PANTOGRAPH ISOLATORS

In open state In close state

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Central rotating double
break isolator

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 Wave trap

 Wave trap are used in

power system for carrier
communication.
 It trap the higher
frequency above 50Hz.
 It is the effort to utilize
the same transmission line
between two substation for
the purpose of
communications

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23
 LIGHTNING ARRESTOR

The overvoltage protection

is obtained by the use of
lightning / surge arresters.
Lightning Arresters or
Surge Arresters are always
connected in Shunt to the
equipment to be protected,
they provide a low
impedance path for the
surge current to the ground.
Mostly in present days
zinc oxide (ZnO) gapless
arresters are in use.
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 INTERPOSING C.T.

The interposing CTs are used

for Power transformer
Differential Protection
circuit. In a delta/Star Power
transformer, the cts will be
connected star and delta
formation, for eliminating
Zero sequence current on star
side. There will be mismatch
of secondary current , to
maintain equilibrium,
interposing Cts will be
connected to Delta formed
CTs.
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 RELAYS

Differential
RES E/F +O/L
relay
Protection relay
O/F protection +FFR

Group A trip relay

Breaker failure
relay CB trouble relay

O/C protection Group B trip relay

relays

DR earth switch
relay

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 Relay conti….

A outer view of Relay Relay testing box

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 SHUNT REACTOR

 Shunt Reactor is a thyristor controlled high impedance

transformer.
A stable bus
voltage can be
maintained by
providing
variable reactive
power based on
the bus voltage
deviations due
to the load
variations.

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 SHUNT CAPACITOR
BANK
Shunt capacitor banks
are used to improve the
quality of the electrical
supply.
provide capacitive
reactive compensation.
Power factor correction.

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