DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

PRIMARY FUNCTION
 To break down food particles into the molecular form for
digestion
 To absorb into the bloodstream the small molecules
produced by digestion
 To eliminate undigested and unabsorbed foodstuffs and
other waste products for the body
CHEWING AND SWALLOWING
 Chewing- Foods is broken down and mixed with
enzymes.
 Saliva- first secretion in contact with food

- lubricate food and facilitate swallowing

 Swallowing – propels bolus toward the stomach
GASTRIC FUNCTION
Stomach
 Stores and mixes food with secretions

 Secretes acidic fluid (HCl)

Function of Gastric Secretions:

o Breakdown food in more absorbable components

o To aid in the destruction of ingested bacteria

Small Intestine
1. duodenum- digestion continues, secretions comes from
accessory organs:
 Pancreas – alkaline Ph (bicarbonate)

 Liver - bile

 Gallbladder – store bile

Intestine secretes:
o Mucus

o Hormones, neuroregulator, local regulator

Two types of contraction:
o Segmentation

o Intestinal peristalsis

 villi – small projection

 Iron and calcium
2. jejunum- absorption begins by active transport and diffussion
- fats, protein, carbohydrate, sodium and chloride

3. Ileum – vitamin B12, bile salt is absorb

COLONIC FUNCTION
 Ileolocal valve- close to help prevent colonic contents
from refluxing into small intestine
 Bacteria- assist in breakdown of materials

 Reabsorption of water, and electrolytes

Two types of Colonic Secretions:

o Electrolyte solution - bicarbonate

o mucus
ASSESSMENT
 Pain
 Indigestion

 Intestinal Gas

 Nausea and Vomiting

 Change in Bowel Habit and Stool Characteristics

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISORDER
Teeth
 Dental Plaque

 Dental Caries

 Dentoalveolar abscess

 Malocclusion
Jaw
 Tempomandibular
o Myofascial pain

o Internal derangement of

joints
o Degenerative joint

disease
Salivary Glands
 Parotitis

 Sialadenitis

 Salivary Calculus
Esophagus
 Dysphagia

 Achalasia

 Hiatal Hernia

 Diverticulum

 Gastroesophageal Reflux

 Barrett’s
Stomach
 Gastritis

 Gastric and Duodenal

Ulcer
 Constipation
 Diarrhea

 Fecal incontinence
 Appendicitis
 peritonitis