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A
Study of Working
Capital Management of
Food Corporation of India
Faculty Guide:
Company Guide:
Dr.Bhunesh Vyas Mr.
R.N.Mittal
Submitted By:
Rajesh Kumar
kumar.rajesh129@gmail.com
08OSB622
A
Study of Working
Capital Management of
Food Corporation of India
Submitted By:
Rajesh Kumar
kumar.rajesh129@gmail.com
08OSB622
AT
FCI
2
A REPORT
ON
A
Study of Working
Capital Management of
Food Corporation of India
Submitted By:
Rajesh Kumar
kumar.rajesh129@gmail.com
08OSB622
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of
MBA Program
Submitted to the
DR.J.M.OVASDI
Principal
Omegan School of Business
JAIPUR
3
CERTIFICATE
Dr.Bhun
esh Vyas
(Faculty
Guide)
4
DECLARATION
Rajesh Kumar
(Student of OSB,
Jaipur)
5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
RAJESH KUMAR
Jaipur MBA (IIIrd SEM)
Date: - 27 /06 /2009
6
PREFACE
In this study, a sincere attempt has been made to analyze the working of FCI by
making use of different financial appraisal techniques like ratio analysis, trend
analysis, common-size analysis etc. The period of study was 3 year from 2005-
06 to 2007-08. The data for the studies were obtained form the published
annual reports of the company.
An effort has been made to appraise the overall financial performance and
efficiency of management, but the scope and depth of study remained limited
due to the limiting factors of time, and resources. However, it is expected that
the study will provide useful information for better and easier understanding of
the financial results of the company.
This study has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter has been
devoted to the introduction and last to the summary of conclusion and
suggestion. The second chapter deals with the objectives. Third chapter takes
care of introduction to financial analysis. In addition to this fourth chapter deals
with significance of working capital, whereas fifth chapter deals with the
analysis aspects of working capital. The main source of data has been the
annual reports of the company.
7
CONTENTS
1. Company Profile:-
References
Glossary
8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
Preface
Abstract
Chapterisation
1. Introduction
9
4. Significance of the Working Capital
References
Glossary
10
11
Food Corporation of India (Hindi: भारतीय खाग िनगम) was setup on 14th January 1965 under Food
Corporation Act 1964 with authorised capital of almost $600 million to implement the national
policy for price support operations, procurement, storage, preservation, inter-state movement and
distribution operations.
It operates through 5 zonal offices and 26 regional offices. Each year, the Food Corporation
purchases roughly 15-20 per cent of India's wheat output and 12-15 per cent of its rice output. The
losses suffered by FCI are reimbursed by the Union government, to avoid capital erosion, and thus
declared as a subsidy in the annual budget. In 2007, such food subsidies were met by government
The Food Corporation of India was setup under the Food Corporation Act 1964, in order
to fulfill following objectives of the Food Policy :
In its 45 years of service to the nation, FCI has played a significant role in India 's success
in transforming the crisis management oriented food security into a stable security system.
FCI's Objectives are:
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• To make food grains available at reasonable prices, particularly to vulnerable
13
14
• ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
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Food Corporation of India
Headquarters:New Delhi
Quality Control and Scientific Preservation
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QUALITY POLICY
FCI, as the country�s nodal organization for implementing the National Food Policy, is
committed to provide credible, customer focused services, for efficient and effective food
security management in the country. Our focus shall be:
QUALITY OBJECTIVES
• Fulfillment of all the targets set as per Govt. of India Food Policy from time to
time.
• Monitoring of Quality in all major transactions, processes leading to improved
customer satisfaction level
• Accountability for efficiency, responsiveness, performance and minimization of all
losses & Wastes
• Need based up gradation of infrastructure and work environment
• Need based enhancement of available knowledge & skills.
• Transparency in decision making, effective communication leading to harmonious
employee relations
• Establishing, maintaining and improving ISO 9001:2000 based Quality
Management Systems covering all areas of activity.
18
DR.BHUNESH VYAS
(Faculty Guide)
19
OBJECTIVES
FACTUAL :-( Analysis of facts (results) derived from the financial technique
Ltd
The short-term liquidity and long-term solvency.
The financial stability of a business.
To analyze different ratios so to judge the availability and
effective usage of working capital.
20
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
21
1 FORMULATING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
This is the first step under which the problem is stated in general way and then
ambiguities i.e. understanding and rephrasing the problem thoroughly and
rephrasing the same into a meaningful terms from an analysis point of view.
The research problem under the present project was to study data of various
funds. For this research process was to be formulated and the execution of
which would result in the desired data.
Research Design
• Type of research
• Sample design
22
TYPE OF RESEARCH
• The type of research under present is an analytical research. In analytical
research; we use tact's or information already available, and analyze these to
make a critical evaluation of the material. Hence the same would be done.
SAMPLE DESIGN
A sample design is a definite plan determined before any data is actually
collected for obtaining a sample. Researcher must select a sample design,
which should be reliable and appropriate for his report.
• Primary data
• Secondary Data
23
Primary data
Primary data are the data that are collected afresh and for the first time. Thus
happens to be in character. Primary data are collected by the following ways:-
a) Observation
b) Interview
c) Schedule
d) Questionnaire
Secondary Data
Secondary data are the data that are already collected and are only
analyzed by different sources these sources are as follows:-
• Corporate magazine
• Employment exchange
24
25
Introduction to financial analysis
FININACIAL ANALYSIS
PRELUDE:-
Financial accounting involves recording transaction and preparing
report and financial statement that can be used by management, owners,
creditor, government agencies and other to understand what is happening in the
business or nonprofit organization. “Accounting” is the process of identifying,
measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed
judgment and decision by users of the information.
26
Financial statement are major means employed by firm to
present their financial situation to stock holders creditors and the public a
financial statement is a collection of data organized accounting to logical and
consistent accounting procedure. Its purpose is to convey an understanding of
some financial aspects of a business firm. The and product of financial
accounting is financial statement consisting of the balance sheet, profit and loss
accounting and statement changes in financial position.
27
(A) The Balance Sheet:-
*Assets: -
Assets are valuable resources owned by a business, which are
acquired at a measurable money cost these are economic resources of a firm
which provide economic benefits to the company.
Liabilities:-
Liabilities are claim of creditors against the enterprises arising
out of past activities that are to be satisfied by the disbursement of utilization of
corporate resources. They are economic obligation of the firm.
*Owner’s equity:-
28
The owner’s equity is the owner’s current investment in the
assets of company.
The entire system of recording business transaction is based on
accounting equation. The accounting equation is an accounting formula
expressing equivalence of the two expressions of assets and liabilities.
ACCOUNTING EQUATION
OR
OR
29
An income statement is a financial statement summarizing the result of a
company’s income (profit) making activities for a specific time period. It
summarizes revenues and expenses in a manner that discloses whether a
company’s activates in a particular fiscal period have resulted in profit or a
loss. The income statement is a scoreboard of the firm’s performance during a
particular period of time. “The profit and loss account is the condensed and
classified record of the gains losses posing change in the owner’s interest in the
business for a period of time.”
The income statement or the profit and loss account presents the summary of
revenues, expenses and net income (or net loss) of a firm for a period of time.
Thus, it serves as measure of the firm’s profit ability. It’s systematic array of
the data of the revenues, revenues deduction (expenses, revenues, revenue
deductions, expenses, losses, taxes etc.)
Net income and distribution or assignment of the net income to creditors and
property investors of a particular period.
PARTIES INTERESTED
30
According to the American institute of certified public accountants, financial
statement reflects, a combination a recorded facts, accounting convention and
personal judgments and the judgments and conventions applied, affect them
materially.
Credit, suppliers and others are having business with the company.
Debenture holders.
Credit institutions and banks.
Potential lenders and investors.
Trade unions and employees.
Important customers wishing to make a long standing with the company.
Economist and analyst.
Members of parliament, the public committee in respect in government
companies.
Taxation authorities.
Other departments dealing with the industry in which the company
engaged cooperative.
The company law board.
31
FINANCIAL APPRAISAL
But the numerical data in the financial statement are quit calm. They cannot
speak. Analytical data are not ending in themselves, but they are meant to an
end. Financial appraisal is an attempt to determine the significance, and
meaning of the financial statement data so that forecast may be made of the
prospects for future earnings, ability to pay interest, debt maturities both
current as well as long term profitability of a sound dividend policy. Financial
appraisal involves the assessment of firm’s past, present and anticipated future
financial condition.
Financial appraisal is a scientific evaluation if the profitability and financial
strength of a business concern. In fact financial appraisal and analysis of
financial statement have nearly the same meaning. Financial statement analysis
is used for the purpose of financial appraisal. Financial appraisal is the process
of making a scientific proper, critical and comparative evaluation of the
profitability and financial health of given concern through the application of
32
financial statement analysis. Financial statement analysis is a preliminary step
towards the evaluation of result dawn by the analysis or management
accountant. Appraisal or evaluation of such results is made thereafter. Financial
appraisal begins where financial analysis ends, and financial analysis starts
where the summarization of financial data in the form of profit and loss
account and balance sheet ends, in the words of Kenney and mecmillan,
“financial statement analysis attempts to unveil the meaning and significance of
the items composed in profit and loss account and balance sheet so as to assist
the management in the formation of sound operating financial policies. The
appraisal or analysis of financial statement spotlights the significant facts and
relationship concerning managerial performance, corporate efficiency, financial
strength or weakness and credit worthiness, that would have otherwise been
buries in the maze of details.”
Appraisal of financial statement alone can answer such queries. Its true that
statement analysis merely reveals what has taken place in the past, but past
events given some indication of what may be expected in future unless some
drastic changes take place in business it. Will continue to move in the same
direction in the past.
Roy .A. Faulke is very correct to say “if a train is moving forward at a known
rate of speed, it is reasonable to assume that it will continue to move at
33
approximately the same rate unless some obstacle interrupts its progress
abruptly or the motive power is increased or decreased.” Similarly it is a
reasonable to assume that unless some realistic change take places in the places
in the business, it will continue to move in the same general direction as
indicated by its comparative trends.
34
35
SIGNIFICANCE OF WORKIG CAPITAL
Introduction:-
36
CONCEPTS OF WORKING CAPITAL
37
Depending upon the changes in production and sales, the need for working
capital, over and above permanent working capital, will fluctuate. For
example extra inventory of finished goods will have to be minted to support
the peak period of sale, and investment in debtors (receivable) may also
increase during such periods. On the other hand, investment in raw material,
work in process and finished goods will fall if the market is slack.
Temporary or
Amount of
Fluctuating
working
capital (Rs)
Time
38
activities of the firm. Both kinds of working capital –permanent or
fluctuating (temporary)-are necessary-to facilitate production and sales
through the operating cycle. But the firm to meet liquidity requirements that
will last only temporary working capital. In figure illustrates differences
between permanent and temporary working capital. It is shown that
permanent working capital is stable over time, while temporary working
capital is fluctuating – some times increasing and sometimes decreasing.
However, the permanent working capital need not be horizontal if the firm’s
requirement for permanent capital is increasing (or decreasing) over a period
Temporary or
Fluctuating
Amount of Permanent
working
capital (Rs)
Time
The gross working capital concept focuses attention on two aspects of current
assets management:
1. How to optimize investment in current assets?
39
2. How should current assets be financed?
The consideration of the level of investment in current assets should
avoid two danger points- excessive or inadequate investment in current assets.
Investment in current assets should be just adequate to the needs of the
business firm. Excessive investment in current assets should be avoided
because it impairs the firm’s profitability, as idle investment earns nothing. On
the other hand, inadequate amount of working capital can threaten solvency of
the firms because of its inability to meet its current obligations. It should be
released that the working capital needs of the firm may be fluctuating with
changing business activity. This may cause excess or shortage of working
capital frequently. The management should be prompt to initiate an action and
correct imbalances.
Another aspect of the gross working capital point to the need of
arranging funds to finance current assets. Whenever a need for working capital
funds arises due to the increasing level of business activity or for any other
reason. Financing arrangement should be made quickly. Similarly, if suddenly,
some surplus funds arise they should not be allowed to remain idle, but should
be invested in short- term securities. Thus, the financial manager should have
knowledge of the sources of working capital funds as well as investment
avenues where idle funds may be temporarily invested.
40
in determining the level of current assets vis – a – vis current liabilities. A weak
liquidity position poses a threat to the solvency of the company and makes it
unsafe and unsound. A negative working capital means a negative liquidity,
and may prove to be harmful for the company’s reputation excessive liquidity
is also bad. it may be due to mismanagement of current assets. There for,
prompt and timely action should be taken by management to improve and
correct the imbalances in the liquidity position of the firm.
Networking capital concept also covers the equation of judicious mix of long
term and short term funds for financing current assets. For every firm, there is a
minimum amount of net working capital which is permanent. Therefore, a
portion of the working capital should be financed with the permanent sources
of funds such as equity share capital, debentures, long term debt, performance
share capital or retained earnings. Management must, therefore, decide the
extent to which current assets should be financed with equity capital and/or
borrowed capital.
In summary, it may be emphasized that both gross and net concepts of working
capital are equally important for the efficient management of working capital.
There is no precise way to determine the exact amount of gross or net working
capital for any firm. The data and problems of each company should be
analyzed to determine the amount of working capital. There is no specific rule
as to how current assets should be financed. It is not feasible in practice to
finance current assets by short – term sources only. Keeping in view the
constraints of the individual company, a judicious mix of long and short term
finances should be invested in current assets. Since current assets involve cost
of funds, they should be put to productive use.
41
We know that a firm should aim at maximizing the wealth of its shareholders. In its
Endeavour to do so, a firm should earn sufficient return from its operations. Earning
a steady amount of profit requires successful sells activities. The firm has to invest
enough funds in current assets for generating sales. Currents assets are needed
because sales do not convert into cash instantaneously. There is always an operating
cycle involved in the conversion of sales into case.
42
Purchase Payment Credit Sale Collection
RMCP+WIPCP+FGCP
43
obtained in order to carry out firm’s operations. The firm has to negotiate
working capital from sources such as commercial banks. The negotiated
sources of working capital financing are called non-spontaneous sources. If net
operating cycle of a firm increases, it means further need for negotiated
working capital.
Let us illustrate the computation of the length of operating cycle. Consider the
statement of cost of sales for a firm given in below-
Statement of Cost of Sales
( Rs in lakh)
The firm's data for sales and debtors and creditors are given below
44
Sales (Credit) X Y
Opening balance of debtors X. Y.
Closing balance of debtors .. ..
opening balance of creditors .. ..
closing balance of creditors X. ..
45
calculations can be made for other inventories, debtors and creditors. The
following formula can be used:
Raw material
Raw material Inventory
Conversion =
Period [ Rawmaterial
consumption]/360
RMC RMC*360
RMCP = RMI ÷ = ……(3)
360 RMC
Work-in-process
Work-in-process Inventory
Conversion =
Period [Cost of production]/360
46
Finished goods conversion period
(FGCP) is the average time taken to sell the finished goods. FGCP can be
calculated as follows:
Finished goods
Finished goods Inventory
Conversion =
Period [Cost of goods sold]/360
CGI FGI*360
FGCP = FGI ÷ = ……..(5)
360 CGS
47
Cash Conversion or Net Operating Cycle
Net operating cycle (NOC) is the difference
between gross operating cycle and payables deferral period.
Gross Creditors
Net operating = Operating = deferral
Cycle Cycle period
Net operating cycle is also referred to as cash conversion cycle. Some people
argue that depreciation and profit should be excluded in the computation of
cash conversion cycle since the firm’s concern is with cash flow associated
with conversion at contrary view is that a firm has to ultimately recover total
costs should include depreciation, and even the profits. Also, in using the
above-mentioned formulae, average figures for the period may be used.
For example, Table shows detained calculations of the components of a
firm’s operating cycle. Table provides the summary of calculations.
During 20X1 the daily raw material consumption was Rs 12.1 lakh and the
company held an ending raw material inventory of Rs827 lakh. If we assume
that this is the average inventory held by the company, the raw material
consumption the projected raw material conversion period is 60 days. This has
happened because both consumption (Rs 16.5 lakh per day) and level of
inventory (Rs 986 lakh) have increased, but the consumption rate has
increased) by 36.4 percent). Thus, the raw material conversion period has
declined by 8 days. Raw materials are the result of daily raw material
consumption and total raw material consumption and total raw material
consumption and total raw material consumption during a period given the
company’s production targets. Thus, raw material inventory is controlled
through control over purchases and production. We can similarly interpret
other calculations in table below
48
Table:-Operating Cycle Calculation (Hypothetical Example)
( Rs. In lakh)
Actual Projected
Item 19X1 19X2
1 Raw Materials Conversion Period
(a) Raw material consumption 4,349 5,932
(b) Raw material consumption per day 12.1 16.5
(c) raw material inventory 827 986
68
(d) Raw material inventory holding days d 60d
2 Work-in-process Conversion Period
(a)cost of production* 5,212 7,051
(b)cost of production per day 14.5 19.6
(c)work-in-process inventory 325 498
(d) Work-in-process inventory holding
days 22d 25d
3 Finished Goods Conversion Period
(a) Cost of goods sold* 5,003 6,582
(b) Cost of goods sold per day 13.9 18.3
(c) Finished goods inventory 526 995
(d)Finished goods inventory holding 38
days d 54d
4 Collection period
(a) Credit sales (at cost)** 6,087 8,006
(b) sales per day 16.9 22.2
(c) debtor 735 1,040
43
(d) debtors outstanding days d 47d
5 Creditors Deferral Period
(a) Credit purchases 4,653 6,091
(b) purchase per day 12.9 16.9
(c) creditors 454 642
35
(d) Creditors outstanding day d 38d
*Depreciation is including.
**All sales are assumed on credit.
49
Table :-Summery of Operating Cycle Calculations
(Number of Days)
Actual Projected
GROSS OPERATING CYCLE
1 Inventory Conversion Period
(i) Raw material 68 60
(ii) Work- in- process 22 25
(iii) Finished goods 38 128 54 139
2 Debtors Conversion Period 43 47
3 Gross operating cycle (1 + 2) 171 186
4 Payment Deferral period 35 38
NET OPERAING CYCLE (3-4) 136 148
We note a significant change in the company’s policy for 20X2 with regard
to finished goods inventory. It is expected to increase to 54 days holding from
38 days in the previous year. One reason could be a conscious policy decision
to avoid stock out situations and carry more finished goods inventory to expand
sales. But this policy has a cost; the company, in the absence of a significant
increase in payables (creditors) deferral period, will have to negotiate higher
working capital funds, In the case of the firm in our example, its net operating
cycle is expected to increase from 136 days to 148 days How does a company
manage its inventories, debtors and suppliers’ credit? How can it reduce its
operating cycle?
The operating cycle concept as shown in Figure relates to a manufacturing
firm. Non-manufacturing firms such as wholesalers and retailers will not have
the manufacturing phase. They will acquire stock of finished goods and convert
them into debtors (receivable) and debtors into cash. Further, service and
financial enterprises will not have inventory of goods (cash will be their
inventory). Their operating cycles will be the shortest. They need to acquire
cash, then lend (create debtors) and again convert lending into cash.
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ANALYSIS OF WORKING CAPITAL
51
Analysis of working capital is an essential part of financial
management. If there is an adequate amount of working capital and it is utilized
in the right manner, it is a great achievement for the business. The excess of
working capital causes financial stringency and brings the business to a
standstill.
In the present study the analysis of working capital of FCI ltd. Has been made
by two techniques vis., trend analysis and ratio analysis.
52
The working capital trend analysis represents a
picture of variation in current assets, current liabilities and working capital over
a period of time. Such an analysis enables us to study upward and downward
trend in current liabilities and its effect on the working capital position. The
trend analysis is a tool of financial appraisal where the changes in the factors
are compared with the base year assuming the base year as 100.
In the present study a statement – showing trend of working capital as well as
its structure has been made. It is it scientific and important study because each
component of working capital has got the relationship of causes and effects.
Following table below shows the structure and trend of working capital of FCI
ltd.during the period under review.
Inference
• Current Assets increase to 20.59% in the year of 2007-2008 as
53
Compare to in the year 2005-2006.
Current ratio
Quick ratio
Absolute ratio
Stock or inventory ratio
Working capital turnover ratio
CURRENTRATIO
54
Current ratio is one of the important ratios used in testing liquidity of a
concern. this is a good measure of the ability of company to maintain solvency
over a short run. This is computed by dividing the total current assets by the
total current liabilities and is expressed as:
With the help of this ratio the analyst can review the extent to which the
company can covert such liabilities with current assets. The current ratio gives
the analyst a general picture of the adequacy of the working capital of a
company and ability of the company to meet its day-to-day payment obligation.
“it likewise measures the margin of safety provided for paying current debts in
the event of a reduction in the values of current assets.”
The current ratio is very useful as a measure of short terms debt prying ability
but it is tricky to interpret this ratio. Experts are of the view that the value of
current assets should be at least double the amount if current liabilities.
Walker and Bough have the same view when they ay “a good current ratio may
mean a good umbrella for creditors against the rainy days.”But to the
management it reflects bad financial planning or presence of idle assets or over
capitalization”
55
If this ratio is higher than standards than it is assumed
Very good short –term liquidity/solvency.
Under trading
Over trading
INFERENCE:-
This table reveals that current ratio has increased that is
making improvements in its short term solvency. It is because of increase in
current assets as compared to current liabilities. Still this is lower than standard
current assets ratio that shows a little bit unsatisfactory liquidity position of the
company.
The Current Ratio for the year 2007-2008 has taken the Value of 2.01:1, which
is very satisfactory and as per the standard required (2:1).The current ratio of
2.01:1 indicates, that for every Rs 1 of current liability the company Rs 2 of
current assets, which indicates more liquidity and hence more amount of
working capital.
QUICK RATIO
56
The solvency of a company is batter indicated by quick
Rato.the fundamental this Ratio is to enable the financial management of a
company to ascertain that would happen
If current creditors press for immediate payment and either not
Possible to push up the sales of closing or it id sold, a heavy loss is likely to be
suffered. This problem arises because closing stock is two steps away from the
cash and their price more or less uncertain according to market demand.
The term quick assets include all current assets except inventories and prepaid
expenses. It shows the relationship of quick assets and current liabilities. The
Ratio is calculated as following:
57
INFERENCE:-
The term liquid assets include cash bank balance and marketable securities, if
current liabilities are to pay at once, only balance of Cash and marketable
securities will be utilized. Therefore, to measure the absolute liquidity of a
business, this ratio is calculated.
58
The idea behind the norm id that if all creditors for demand for payment, at
least 50% of their claim should be satisfied at once.
The table shown on the next page reflects the absolute liquidity ratio FCI Ltd.
INFERENCE
59
it is express in number of time . Stock turnover ratio or inventory turn over
ratio indicates the no. of times the stock has been turned over during the period
and evaluates the efficiency with which a firm a able to manage its inventory.
This ratio indicates whether investment in stock is with in proper limit or not.
The ration is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold by the amount of
average stock at cost.
60
the stock are sold, the lesser amount of money is required to finance the
inventory. Low inventory turn over ration indicate inefficient management of
inventory. in low inventory turn over implies over investment in inventories,
the business, poor quality of goods, stock accumulation, accumulation of
absolute and slow moving good and low profit as compared to total investment
the inventory turn over ratio is also an index profitability where a high ratio
signifies more profit ‘a low ratio signifies low profit some time a high
inventories.
INFERENCE:-
61
A company uses working capital (current assets - current liabilities) to fund
operations and purchase inventory. These operations and inventory are then
converted into sales revenue for the company. The working capital turnover
ratio is used to analyze the relationship between the money used to fund
operations and the sales generated from these operations. In a general sense, the
higher the working capital turnover, the better because it means that the
company is generating a lot of sales compared to the money it uses to fund the
sales.
INFERENCE:
In spite of an increase in Net Working Capital, the Working
capital turnover ratio of FCI got reduced to 10.8 times in the year 2006- 2007,
as compared to the year 2005-07. Similarly, in the year 2007-08, the working
capital turnover ratio further reduced to 8.8 times as compared to 13.24 times
in the year 2005-06. The reduction in working capital turnover ratio is on
account of massive growth in net working capital as compared to a slight
growth in the sales of the company.
62
63
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
64
PROFITABILITY
65
• Dairy has to pay large fix interest charged. Hence long term borrowing
should be reduced so that the earning are satisfactorily earmarked with
them.
Working capital
• The Current Ratio for the year 2007-2008 has taken the Value of 2.01:1,
which is very satisfactory and as per the standard required (2:1).The
current ratio of 2.01:1 indicates, that for every Rs 1 of current liability the
company Rs 2 of current assets, which indicates more liquidity and
hence more amount of working capital. The company need to further
enhance the value of ratio.
• Quick ratio for the year 2008-09 is above the ideal standard (1:1). It is
1.04:1, which indicates that for every Re1 of current liability the
company has Rs 1.04 of current assets, hence the company is in sound
position in terms of working capital position. It would be better for the
66
company if in near future it could further enhance the value of the
ratio
• Absolute quick ratio for the years right from 2005 up to 2008 are close to
the standard. For year 2007-08, the ratio is well above the standard
(0.5:1), which indicates the healthy picture of the company in terms of
availability of working capital (quick assets) in order to meet current
liabilities. The same position should be sustained in near future too.
67
ratio could be better in near future , if the growth in sales matches
with the growth in net working capital.
REFRENCES
Financial statement for the year ended 2007-08 as obtained from FCI
Annual-Report 2006-07 of FCI
Study module on financial management
Financial dailies.
Economic Times
Business Standard
Business Magazines
Business India
68
Business World
Internet Portals:
www.fciweb.nic.in
www.wikipedia.com
GLOSSARY
HACCP: HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points.
control system that identifies where hazards might occur in the food production
process and puts into place stringent actions to take to prevent the hazards from
occurring. By strictly monitoring and controlling each step of the process, there
industry can better assure consumers that its products are as safe as good
science and technology allows. By reducing food borne hazards, public health
protection is strengthened.
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