Presented by

Morales, Ma. Theresa V.

Gan, Jun Patrick G.
Endaya, Andrei P.

SEPTEMBER 06, 2010

Design of Two-Way Floor Slab
System
DIRECT DESIGN METHOD
 Lecture Goals

• Direct Design Method

• Example of DDM
 Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Method of dividing total static moment Mo into
positive and negative moments.

Limitations on use of Direct Design method

1. Minimum of 3 continuous spans in each direction.

(3 x 3 panel)
2. Rectangular panels with long span/short span  2
Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Limitations on use of Direct Design method
3. Successive span in each direction shall not differ by
more than 1/3 the longer span.
4. Columns may be offset from
the basic rectangular grid of
the building by up to 0.1
times the span parallel to the
offset.
Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Limitations on use of Direct Design method
5. All loads must be due to gravity only (N/A to
unbraced laterally loaded frames, from mats or
pre-stressed slabs)
6. Service (unfactored) live load  2 service dead
load
 Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Limitations on use of Direct Design method
7. For panels with beams between supports on all
sides, relative stiffness of the beams in the 2
perpendicular directions.
l 2
1 2

l2 1
2

Shall not be less than 0.2 nor greater than 5.0

 Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Limitations on use of Direct Design method
8. Moment redistribution as permitted by Section
408.4 (Method of Analysis; NSCP) shall not
be applied for slab systems designed by the
Direct Design Method.
9. Variations from the Limitations of Section
413.7.1 shall be permitted if demonstrated by
analysis as long as requirements of Section
413.6.1 are satisfied.
 Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Limitations on use of Direct Design method
SECTION 413.6.1

A slab system shall be distinguished by

procedure satisfying conditions of
equilibrium and geometric compatibility, if
shown that the design strength at every
section is at least equal to the required
strength set forth in section 409.3 (Required
Strength) and 409.4 (Design Strength)
 Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Limitations on use of Direct Design method
SECTION 413.6.1

and that all serviceability conditions, including

limits of deflections are met.
Definition of Beam-to-Slab Stiffness Ratio, 

Accounts for stiffness effect of beams located along

slab edge reduces deflections of panel
adjacent to beams.

flexural stiffness of beam


flexural stiffness of slab
Definition of Beam-to-Slab Stiffness Ratio, m
4E cb I b / l 4E cb I b
 
4E cs I s / l 4E cs I s
E cb  Modulus of elasticity of beam concrete
E sb  Modulus of elasticity of slab concrete
I b  Moment of inertia of uncracked beam
I s  Moment of inertia of uncracked slab

With width bounded laterally by centerline of adjacent panels on

each side of the beam.

m  mean of all stiffness ratio used

Definition of Beam-to-Slab Stiffness Ratio
CASE 1:
 m  0.2
t min  125mm without drop panels
t min  100mm with drop panels

drop panels
Definition of Beam-to-Slab Stiffness Ratio
for monolithic :
bf
tf

hw

bw

b flange  bw  2hw
b flange  bw  8tf
* choose whichever is the smallest
Definition of Beam-to-Slab Stiffness Ratio
CASE 2:
0.2  m  2
Ln[0.8  (fy/1500)]
t min 
36  5 m  0.2)
where :
Ln
 
Sn
Ln  long clear span
Sn  short clear span
Definition of Beam-to-Slab Stiffness Ratio
CASE 3:
m  2
Ln[0.8  (fy/1500)]
t min 
36  9 
where :
Ln
 
Sn
Ln  long clear span
Sn  short clear span
 Two-Way Slab Design
Static Equilibrium of Two-Way Slabs

Analogy of two-way slab to plank and beam floor

Section A-A:
wl12
Moment per ft width in planks M  k - ft/ft
l12 8
Total Moment  M f   wl2  k - ft
8
 Distribution of Moments
Slab is considered to be a series of frames in two
directions:
 Distribution of Moments
Slab is considered to be a series of frames in two
directions:
 Design Problem
An interior panel 5.5m x 7.3m center-to-center is
monolithically supported on beams on each side. The columns
are 400mm x 400mm and the supporting beams are 300mm x
500mm. The floor live load is 5.25kPa in addition to the slab
weight. f’c=27.6MPa and fy=415MPa. Using Direct Design
Method:
1. Compute the thickness of the slab
2. Compute the total factored static moment in
the long direction of the interior panel
3. Compute the total factored static moment in
the short direction of the interior panel