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6.013/ESD.013J Electromagnetics and Applications, Fall 2005

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 6.013, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion
Prof. Markus Zahn, Sept. 13, 2005
Lecture 2: Electromagnetic Field Boundary Conditions

I. Boundary Conditions

1. Gauss’ Continuity Condition

Zahn, Markus. Figs. 1.13-1.1.17, 1.19 (a) and (b), 1.23, 1.20, 2.19, 3.12 (a).
Electromagnetic Field Theory: A Problem Solving Approach. Robert E. Krieger
Publishing Company, Florida, 1987. Used with permission.

∫ ε E i da = ∫ σ dS ⇒ ε (E
S
0
S
s 0 2n - E1n ) dS = σ sdS

ε0 (E2n - E1n ) = σ s ⇒ n i ⎡⎣ε0 (E2 - E1 ) ⎤⎦ = σ s

2. Continuity of Tangential E

Zahn, Markus. Figs. 1.13-1.1.17, 1.19 (a) and (b), 1.23, 1.20, 2.19, 3.12 (a).
Electromagnetic Field Theory: A Problem Solving Approach. Robert E. Krieger
Publishing Company, Florida, 1987. Used with permission.

∫ E i ds = (E
C
1t - E2t ) dl = 0 ⇒ E1t - E2t = 0

(
n× E1 - E2 = 0)
Equivalent to Φ1 = Φ2 along boundary
6.013, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Lecture 2
Prof. Markus Zahn Page 1 of 8
 3. Normal H

∫µ
S
0 H i da = 0

µ 0 (H an - Hbn ) A = 0

H an = Hbn

n i ⎡⎣H a - H b ⎤⎦ = 0

4. Tangential H

d
∫ H i ds = ∫ J i da + dt ∫ ε E i da
C S S
0

Hbt ds - H at ds = Kds

Hbt - H at = K

n × ⎡⎣H a - H b ⎤⎦ = K

5. Conservation of Charge Boundary Condition

d
∫ J i da + dt ∫ ρdV = 0
S V

∂
n i ⎡⎣ J a - J b ⎤⎦+ σs = 0
∂t

6.013, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Lecture 2

Prof. Markus Zahn Page 2 of 8
 II. Boundary Condition Problems

1. Electric Field from a Sheet of Surface Charge

a. Electric Field from a Line Charge

6.013, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Lecture 2

Prof. Markus Zahn Page 3 of 8

 dq λ0rdz
dEr = cos θ =
(
4πε0 r + z 2 2
) (
4πε0 r2 + z2
3
) 2

+∞ +∞
λ r dz
Er = ∫ dEr = 0
4πε0 ∫ 3
z = −∞ z = −∞ (r 2
+ z2 ) 2

+∞

λ0r z
=
4πε0 1
(
r2 z2 + r2 ) 2
z = −∞

λ0
=
2πε0r

Another way: Gauss’ Law

∫ ε E i da = ε E 2πrL = λ L
S
0 0 r 0

λ0
Er =
2π ε0 r

6.013, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Lecture 2

Prof. Markus Zahn Page 4 of 8
 b. Electric Field from a Sheet Charge

dλ σ0 ydx
dEy = cos θ =
(
2πε0 x2 + y2 )
1
2 (
2πε0 x2 + y2 )
+∞ +∞
σ0 y dx
Ey = ∫
x = −∞
dEy =
2πε0 ∫
x = −∞
x + y2
2

+∞
σ0 y 1 x
= tan−1
2πε0 y y −∞

⎧ σ0
⎪ y>0
⎪ 2ε0
=⎨
⎪− σ0 y<0
⎪ 2ε0
⎩

6.013, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Lecture 2

Prof. Markus Zahn Page 5 of 8
 Checking Boundary condition at y=0

σ0
Ey ( y = 0+
) − Ey ( y = 0− ) =
ε0

σ0 ⎛ σ ⎞ σ0
− ⎜⎜ − 0 ⎟⎟ =
2ε0 ⎝ 2ε0 ⎠ ε0

c. Two sheets of Surface Charge (Capacitor)

⎧ σ0 _ ⎧ σ0 _
⎪ iy y > −a ⎪− iy y>a
⎪ 2ε0 ⎪ 2ε0
E1 = ⎨ , E2 = ⎨
⎪− σ0 i y ⎪ σ0 i y
_ _
y < −a y<a
⎪ 2ε ⎪ 2ε
⎩ 0 ⎩ 0

σ0 _
E = E1 + E2 = iy y <a
ε0
0 y >a

6.013, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Lecture 2

Prof. Markus Zahn Page 6 of 8
 2. Magnetic Field from a Sheet of Surface Current

From a line current I

I
Hφ =
2πr

_ _ _
i φ = − sin φ i x + cos φ i y

Thus from 2 symmetrically located line currents

dI
dHx = 1
( − sin φ )
(
2π x + y2 2
) 2

6.013, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Lecture 2

Prof. Markus Zahn Page 7 of 8
 K dx y
= − 0

2π x2 + y2

+∞
K0 dx
Hx = −
2π
y ∫
x = −∞
x + y2
2

+∞

K0 y 1 x

=− tan−1

2π y y
x = −∞

⎧ K0
⎪⎪− 2 y>0
= ⎨

⎪ + K0 y < 0

⎪⎩ 2

Check boundary condition at y=0:

Hx ( y = 0 + ) − Hx ( y = 0 − ) = −K 0

K 0 ⎛ K 0 ⎞
− −⎜ ⎟ = −K 0
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠

6.013, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Lecture 2

Prof. Markus Zahn Page 8 of 8