Chapter 5

Energy and States of Matter

5.8 Heating and Cooling Curves

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 Heating Curve
 A heating curve
illustrates the changes of
state as a solid is heated.
 Sloped lines indicate an
increase in temperature.
 Plateaus (flat lines)
indicate a change of
state.

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 Learning Check
A. A flat line on a heating curve represents
1) a temperature change
2) a constant temperature
3) a change of state
B. A sloped line on a heating curve represents
1) a temperature change
2) a constant temperature
3) a change of state
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 Solution
A. A flat line on a heating curve represents
2) a constant temperature
3) a change of state

B. A sloped line on a heating curve represents

1) a temperature change

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 Cooling Curve
 A cooling curve illustrates
the changes of state as a
gas is cooled.
 Sloped lines indicate a
decrease in temperature.
 This cooling curve for
water begins at 140°C
and ends at -30°C.

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 Learning Check
Use the cooling curve for water to answer each.
A. Water condenses at a temperature of
1) 0°C 2) 50°C 3) 100°C
B. At a temperature of 0°C, water
1) freezes 2) melts 3) changes to a gas
C. At 40 °C, water is a
1) solid 2) liquid 3) gas
D. When water freezes, heat is
1) removed 2) added
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 Solution
Use the cooling curve for water to answer each.
A. Water condenses at a temperature of
3) 100°C
B. At a temperature of 0°C, water
1) freezes
C. At 40 °C, water is a
2) liquid
D. When water freezes, heat is
1) removed
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 Combined Heat Calculations
To reduce a fever, an infant is packed in 250 g of
ice. If the ice at 0°C melts and warms to body
temperature (37.0°C), how many calories are
removed from the body?
Step 1: Diagram the changes.
37°C
T = 37.0°C – 0°C =
37.0°C
0°C S L

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 Combined Heat Calculations
(continued)
Step 2: Calculate the heat to melt ice (fusion)
250 g ice x 80. cal = 20 000 cal
1 g ice
Step 3: Calculate the heat to warm the water from
0°C to 37.0°C
250 g x 37.0°C x 1.00 cal = 9250 cal
g °C
Total: Step 2 + Step 3 = 29 250 cal
Final answer = 29 000 cal

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 Learning Check
When a volcano erupts, 150 g of steam at 100°C is
released. How many kilocalories are lost when the
steam condenses and cools to 15°C?
1) 81 kcal
2) 13 kcal
3) 94 kcal

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 Solution
3) 94 kcal
Condense: 150 g x 540 cal x 1 kcal = 81 kcal
1g 1000 cal
Cool: 150 g x 85°C x 1 cal x 1 kcal = 13 kcal
g °C 1000 cal
Total: 81 kcal + 13 kcal = 94 kcal

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