Formulas from Calculus

Derivatives
d d d
dx [xn ] = nxn−1 dx [ex ] = ex dx [sin x] = cos x
d d d
dx [c] = 0 dx [bx ] = bx ln b dx [cos x] = − sin x
d d 1 d
dx [x] = 1 dx [ln x] = x dx [tan x] = sec2 x
h i
d 1
dx x = − x12 d
dx [logb x] = 1
x ln b
d
dx [sec x] = tan x sec x
h i
d 1
dx x2
= − x23 d
dx [sinh x] = cosh x d
dx [arcsin x] = √ 1
1−x2
d √ 1 d d 1
dx [ x] = √
2 x dx [cosh x] = sinh x dx [arctan x] = 1+x2
h i
d
dx
√1
x
= − 2x1√x d
dx [tanh x] = sech 2 x
d √ 1
dx [arcsinh x] = 1+x2
d 1
dx [arctanh x] = 1−x2

Product Rule: d
dx [f (x)g(x)] = f 0 (x)g(x) + f (x)g 0 (x)

d f (x) g(x)f 0 (x) − f (x)g 0 (x)

 
Quotient Rule: =
dx g(x) g(x)2
d dy dy du
Chain Rule: [f (g(x))] = f 0 (g(x))g 0 (x) or =
dx dx du dx

Special Cases
d
[f (x)n ] = nf (x)n−1 f 0 (x)
dx

d 1 −g 0 (x)
 
=
dx g(x) g(x)2

d f 0 (x)
[ln |f (x)|] =
dx f (x)
d h f (x) i
e = f 0 (x)ef (x)
dx
Integrals

Z Z
n
x dx = 1
n+1 x
n+1 +C ex dx = ex + C
1
Z Z
dx = ln |x| + C bx dx = 1 x
ln b b
Z x Z
c dx = cx + C sinh x dx = cosh x + C
Z Z
1 2 cosh x dx = sinh x + C
x dx = 2x +C
Z Z
x2 dx = 1 3
3x +C sin x dx = − cos x + C
Z
1 1
Z
dx = − +C cos x dx = sin x + C
2
Z x x
√ √
Z
x dx = 23 x x + C tan x dx = ln | sec x| + C
Z
1 √
Z
√ dx = 2 x+C sec x dx = ln | tan x + sec x| + C
x Z
1
Z
dx = arctan x + C sin2 x dx = 1
2 (x − sin x cos x) + C
1 + x2 Z
1
Z
√ dx = arcsin x + C cos2 x dx = 1
2 (x + sin x cos x) + C
Z 1 − x2 Z
ln x dx = x ln x − x + C tan2 x dx = tan x − x + C
Z Z
n
x ln x dx = xn+1
ln x − xn+1
+C sec2 x dx = tan x + C
n+1 (n+1)2
Z Z
0
Substitution f (g(x))g (x) dx = f (u) du = F (u) + C = F (g(x)) + C

Z b Z g(b)
0
f (g(x))g (x) dx = f (u) du
a g(a)

f 0 (x)
Z
Special cases dx = ln |f (x)| + C
f (x)
Z
ef (x) f 0 (x) dx = ef (x) + C
Z Z
By parts u dv = uv − v du

Z b Z b
u dv = uv]ba − v du
a a
Z Z
0
or f (x)g (x)dx = f (x)g(x) − g(x)f 0 (x) dx

Z b Z b
0
f (x)g (x)dx = f (x)g(x)]ba − g(x)f 0 (x) dx
a a