VoL 98-.

2

--

IN TIllS ISSUE

Edilw's Cf.)I~!'1'ln 3

Plfl~-co(lh:~Flm~e ftrtoriol ,j

1e-ar ;WOO. Is Yc-ur 1'.(;

PHlp;Jrt";i;i ()

MJnagern~n I CClI'ne! '3

Co fIlrllri.::l'fl Metrologist , "7 Tne Me,l R{,nrn .. I I ~AOD Ilo!!.pll.ilrly Su'!e : I The lea," i Il~l Curve.. .. "'2 5.,1 ~cI~;ll/liim [iF/llill,lef<

.&~O F"IiIW/ .,':,

en II tLJ! P;l p!?r~ . _... 16

NHJT New!;; _ 16

A2'LA ;\Jews 19

rill? Sral1daros Scene ::W

COFPQ~a~(;l M easu reman I {) nd C rlUclil, S~(iG8SS

FOf:tors ,,_ .. _ 22

I inp,r(lve ¥o,ur Measu re merns WI~h Control

C'nmls , 25

Me.a Sl~nl m'el'll lRel Lability;

j!., Tuttni<ll , .. " _ 31

M~5tilr.:re5 irn Das~gf'l and ~l'Iterp~ela non Qf Exp:(llj·

I"r,gnts , _ .. ,. :~4

MOD CO~i n Gil Mint I res . ];,

Me rnl)l?r~hl p Hepn r'l :f/

,\~QD C)'IIJt~r~ .. 38

fieg ioo al CnI.,JIli~tI~11 ~ .. 39

C:hec lit 'll!I'tth e

N1 UD we:bsite at: 'www.metrO:IIJgy~lrgl

Spring I9l)S

A Message From the Chair II

•

•

much fun ut can be.I always ,Jearn a lou Ih(:TC. and 1 expect eV(,I'y{lnc eI~~ l[Ol':- OIS we li. Til all ks to MlrL"ll r-J e>i her,i Iilgton, ~tevc Phlege r.and Eo~(;'rl-lickey fQr J great conference. The il)ivi,siu'l1, ~pmlNot<'·d <I ""half[' track rhts year, and several speak(·F.jo beside )iour~ truly were provided. sncluding the fin,l~ session sr{~'ike"., ),ack. Wt'st Jack is rhechmr of tile US deleg~1!IJQI1 to "[CI76, the ('(lilks who hrnugju you ~SO 90U(~, ~l[~d 11e g:lVe :it wondcril'ul presenrauon ,IDota! till: h~H~ft: 01"9000.

Our w~bsn.(", www .. me!.rol.ugy.org, will have a bookstore S()()~1. \Ve have <!fr:mgeJ with one of Ilw prcmi;o[, on-lint: booksellers Ui) mairH,uil.l ~I list oaseol on our Divis iori'x published ljibling!·;trFl~" You will be able to jUltf"Hp there from rhe web:.ilt· or search to it directly, ctfld you will' ht: ahk 10 buv any of the books, li,,'fe(j, d irectly from ure Internet. 01 COlHSe C,:>mili[), Press .b(mks may be

r·QrllmneJ 111; P<fl[l ~

Upcoming Conferences, etc.

MOD Conference is, Scheduled f·.;lr' B,osb)n

OUf annual conference will Ihe hdd at the Volpe Trans po r ta tion Center in Cambridge.

(mUll") ucd 1m pag(' ! 4

Me,asur~ment Qua11ity Divisi,on CiQuncil Meeting

-fhe V!ext l'vIQO Council. f!}eeti..tlg.is scheduled during the Annu,il Quality Conference a! 6:00 PM on Monday, May 4, 1998 in Room 306 of the Philadelphia Convention Oen~t'.:.r; -to

1~

Well, iL'S def1~.lite. (h,r 1')98 M(i~~~,]rerw'::II'In QU;jIi~l C:()nl'cIT:m:~·, the annual CUnrf'fCnCC Ihl' our Di,v~$'lon. will br held tit the Volpe Franspo:rn~inn 'Center in ClinbricJ~v.::. MA, I1I::M 'rio&ron The nne ofthe conterence Is Nkastm:::merH ~d,C'nce~.nd :;"'lca~ureI1Jot"If1II; Practrce, and there wil] be OIl!:· track wi(hl seven 1, '). hour sessions, The d;~[e~ fur U,t conj·e,"('nn· iJr~' ~cru::ruber I'j, ;md 16, 1 99B, :11"1 Ii J 01: C:.t.li ~'i!.n o. our Regi.on I councilor. is srt:arhe;~dil1g the pfoje~·'l

In ;ldJiHo,n;,\.VooL!Y !:id,,(' and I wltl be: teucbinf: an alhbr Ui'IOrilt~ all Uncertainty em :Sepiernber :14, [he day before 'the conference There's full tnfnnnation atllu a call for papn:'> elsewhere iin [his i,~tK'.1)k·a5e plan to be there.

u's been a busy couple of mont I·~~. A~rmg with several other present :nul pa!'l\ oflkef1', I rcprescrued [[he Division co-sponsoring the a.ll.Lltial M~~a~llr,elllent Science Conference in Pasadena, Those ot you who arc reglilars at this wonderful gea-togerher know just how

AGC 1.0 ,be he! d ~n P'il iii a.dephi a

MQD will partlciparc ill the .;,\QC:; ,)2ml Allnunl QUl:ahty Congress and Exposrtion Oil May 4 -6, ] 998 at the Pennsylvania Convenrion Center in Philadcphia.The [heme of the COIlgress is AdapNi'1:g Me{;horU tJnd Processes jar tbe }ou."ney totb~ Fufflt'{!.

This is a conference you shouk' attend because we've got: a great session scheduled for Tuesday morning, May 5th .The title of the session isl1ffIN:tit;,f!' Perj'ormnnce Metl~tmenl:

Focused.; . .I:ntegra.terJ anti. Pre.ci5l!. It is M;:gnaged hy Michael Ross our Region 25 ,COUtlcilor and moderated hy philip Stein, our Chair.

'Pla,n to attend the MQD's Conference in Boston on Sept. 15-116, 1998, and don't forget, we ,still need papers!

Page 2

Spring 199b ~

'rihe STAN.DARD

Publication Staff

Execotiv« Editor DcWa'{flo~ a. SlTerp. RE. 2""~Q 1\A.3laga OJ IVP..

Sa n Jose. Ca [J"5126.-5f13a let 1;1081 26~- I t\ ,~

f(l X' (4(N3.I 2\55~1J4~.a

.Email .j~ ...... aynQ(.i!.biTI n-n or dbah ~rpl'l'nI B~I(;lIDgV erg

Associate Editor ElIlro·pe .B,nd Asia John Shade

GIJ"~',1 O':~J~r(l.<1 L IlJ DuniBrmllrk! ~Yl1 .~EF. ~Dtl~mi

r,'lt. H4 I ~19:l- t ~lb~J F~" +Jl4 lJ~ 13)!;~ E-ma.1 r~@gfll cn.uk

Associate Editor U.S and Canada Hanlt: Vo~n.1

~i"1 LualEi Prp.s~, I.Ii:V IJI~~ Dr"'l~.

COI:Qr1;JI Cr.~k. FI. 33066 19f,~) ~n-J(l12

I it:, 19'1~1 g,7B-OGJI.2

t rnvu] !''10"llj@OI)I COITI

Advertising Manager WllllJm ,[)iIH Dixon

10124 T!tllr;.~'Wa!J1:l1l C!r~jEl'!E Th~ WIloO,11I!Jfltl~_ rx ]"1'380 I-IDIlloB ~281) 367 -GlIl%l ! \I r Fl (allJ B"77<IJ72l

I'e" r~t.l118' I flat;) I

E .m.t\J1I h«h~j)n@!}~lll~"'r{1

Publications Chair J. L, Miii:lrigal

B·rlgh~Fn YQunQ. lInl¥(iI~.I!y Dep! 01 SI·5~i$Ucs. BY!) 2.22 fMCB

P([}VCl. ~T M602

l801l 373- 1357

f~~ !801 i ·~?g.~U2

E -rnait maoirigltl@t:l"1I1I ~du

;

The STANDARD

'The Journal of the Measurement 'QuaHty Division

Adverti~si n9

Submit your draft copy to Bill Dixon. the Advertising Ma:ollger, with a request for a quotation. Indicate size desired. Specify whether you win provide camera-ready copy or desire that we produce final copy.

The following rates are for the space only.

Copy preparation and typesetting will be exrra, if provided by The STANDARD.

£l,usi ness ca rei size _.. ..!P 00

1!8 page ' _._ .. _......... . $15'0

1/4 p3gltl " .. _ .. ' .. '_' $200

1 /3 p~ge ' $250

112 page ,........... '" $300

Fun pa g,e . . . . . . . . . . . . $550

Advertisements will be accepted on a .. per issuebasls only.no long term contracts will be avaltablc :H present.

Adverttsing must be clearly distinguished as an ad.Ads must be related [0 measurement quality, quality of measurement, or a related l[ ualiry field .Ads must not imply endorsement by the Measurement Quality Division or ASQ.

[Letters t() "title Ediitolr

The STANDARD welcomes ietrers from members and subscribers. We offer the following guidelines Letters should clearly state whe thcr the a utb o r is expressing opinion Or p resenting facts with supporting information. Commend;)tion,encour.Jgement,constl"Llctive critique. suggestions, arid alternative appreaches are accepted. Berating is not approp"'iate. ~f the content is more than 200 words, We" m,fflY delete portions to hold tha t limit. We reserve the right [Q ecll.t!eners. and papers.

Information tor AmhlO's

The STANDARD publishes papers on the qualiry of measurements and the measurement of quality at all levels ranging from relatively simple tutorial material to cutting edge or state of the arc exposition.

We particularly encourage thoughtful papers from engineers, users, regulators, aU levels of management, and others, The SrANDARD welcomes controversy and reasoned polemic, but does not permit rannng and ravuig.

Papers published in The STANDARD are not refereed in the usual sense, except to ascertain that facts arc correctly stared and to assure that opinion and fact are clearly distingu ished one frc1m another. The fditor rcserves the right to edit any paper. and will usually exercise that right.

Enclose a short letter sayi'l'lg what the manuscript is and send it to the appropriarc Assoctate Editor with your manuscript Explicitly show your address (both mail and emaff) for correspondence.

Pl!Jbllicatilon. Inform,8tion

The STANDARD IS publishe;-l qU<lrterly by the MeaslIrem,ellt Qualfty Divisioll 01 ASO and its doodllnes are on Merch 15. June 15. Sepl,~bei 1~ & D>ocel11ber 1 Abverli.sl'ng deadIjne5 ere ~Vl11rcl1 1. .June 1, Se-plern ber 1, 5 November 1 5. Inpu1 for texr 1l1o":1lerial on .3 W' diskette in Wmd PmfnCI tDOS or Wi n claws) D. ASCII form~~ would be I1I"lJpful ahhougll many other formats ca II be used arso If il is no~ f€'.{lsible W s€lF!d text in eh:lctromc form, clean PI'liU1ted rexr ~;Ilrll be "scenoec" ill using <IF! OCA pro!;jri:lm to convert Ih~ text W Ihl.'.! [OITnallleeded_ Gfaphies or il.lll'£tT.!'Ittc,n material C'"",n be sent In nearly any PC vee tor graphics lO,ml';ll iEPS. CGM. WMF. WPG etc.). Photographs of MOD acuvlnes or peop~e would !Jeespeu~ltv apprectated.

fHbllcation or articles. product releases. OIdvsrrlsernents CI·~ l.echniCdl informal Inn does not imply E!lrl(jorsemer'lt 11Y The 6ifA'NOARD or I he Me(lsu rOITI.t:) rn Ouahty D ivi sion 0 f ASQ. W!'lile 1The"5"TANOA:lW rnEi~e5 l:We,piel ron to ensu rs tile 3'Cc:U rilGy -oJ articles> "he IjJlIJbk.atiDn disclaims responsibility Jm statements u'j fact or opinion m~de by the authors or ctner eontnauters.

MaiBri.:'! I In:Hl1The 5 ifANtJA1<!D may not be repn)d~H;~ci W1lho!J~. permissio!1, CopVrighl's, in the United St'.l~~S ann all other countries <lFe reserved.

F'uhlica[iorL address is;i'ne Shape of Things, 2590 Malaga Drive. Si:1n Jose. CA 9::.125· ~838. 'I""h13 e.d i t-or may be reached at ~ ~{)13 t 264-'/ 5 ~9 or by Iax a~ (408) 265--8446 T11~ e-mail address ls: dhs hawp@metmlogy,org_

© f99B ASO, MOD, A~I rights reserved.

I Spdng 1998

~

The 6'TANDARD

A

'Plea s e .ulle that yo II r editorh as: a new fax number. It is: now (40,8) 265~B446.

S0!11cthingnCCUlcr-e'cl W. me. th. \; mll,e. r (.l·a.y which made me realize rhat We' go iln great extremes to .;N0L(i. conununlcanng din:c!1y with people torlay. Ii you've he-con I't:jjld,· i'n~ my cO~'LImn for any kl1glh ur ume. ).'(}U know [hat tile subjecil of hO\.\1 LO cumoHmi· C~'Ht Il,l~ been .~. ~'ecllrr'ing theme over rime :1I1.d YI:''l it now appears tl~~·lt there LS 5[tH m.OfJ'e CO "ny on the ~llJL)J,(:,Cl

I really can't believe rbwi we re becornmg more ami~ol.iJ', hut have you rhougjrr annUl to \.vlh;u Il:ng[hf> we g.o l~) ;1void 11:tvhif:t to actuallv talk rc son reoner Someone (me" g;wc me J. wOJilderFul ("ompJ.illlc.nIL by cal.li.ng me ,. ~Hlliabk." That compliment made rne red wonderful. because I stncereiv try H) be Jfrie'IHJly., even with Mranger~. OIrr'IJJ nave I~mnd lr mnk.e-s my dav mud! more pleasarn.

YLiU HJ.i.gh' Hke wiry au inII"Ft"M1ng expertm~!1I , WI he n ~o me nne I ~l! d~ a is ,I su pe rma rk er dlt:ckom clerk. rnurindy J~k~,"hLJW Jre ym.1 llld:~y~"ynLl mighl ~.Il' l"espondiliiS with ""fllcL1' clUr~\r"wonl..ll;'rt"ul~and ~'I.:(' wl-mt r",,{elinl"! yW.J get. ~~.:rei sume nr the reaction b men:.I~ ~urplll~f::.'i hiLIl .. om.~ of it COJm!:!' from lilt' hf'ef!lking down 'Of,1 hurieL',\Whcn pet)pli: routlncty 'l~k, "how are lOU.' "'rhe~' d011l'1: I"t.:rltlr expect ,I MH' cereunswer, Wurst' yet.they OflCI1 don'. even j:l~n: ~I damn now yo~ feel, The} are nmd[· tioucd In cu.peq :I rouune. "fine," which doesn't re:lJl) mean :JJ.iI)rchi.ng, H is just the' nor[lMLI. " I;(:spuns-e. Yo l~ aren: tap t I o SillY, ~ tOI·!"Y'-· j f that ',~ Hw W~lj" you really re,eI, nlthougn [hal mighn be fun HH).

Here's ancrncr experimcur yOU! !]night llke l,t) l ry wh ill" yvu are OlU .~ho"phll!;.. '(hull nonee lh~lr !i11'1.ilIY stores ~upp]~' thei,' clerks with name 'I ~tg~ rile ne};:I: time: you h,n't" the Oppnr·· Luotty to speak U) OI,e (J[ rhose annnymous folks, who serve rO't! ina stOI'l:'~, IfycalJing ahem hy name andw.nch t!J~ erntle Ih,n dt'V'(;'lops. Even better wnrch the bHrti.ef~ C:OITle JC)WIl, Nuw; you are .1 person (0 rhern.

ComJ1lul'IIic[ltlng {"H1 be fun ;~lld productive. iJU[ nave '\'(JU rC:<4.hl,cd ~'10W hltn:i we orren work 10, avoid I!lCL.WltUy [alkin~ to someone these days~Why drop by somcones office-when YOli can p11l.lI)c? Why ~"Llk 1"0 :;:O!11eune On the phone when 'fUll can leave voice m:LriI~ W"ll}' leav(' vo~C!:" Il~ClU when ~'Oll can st:nd a fax or

c-ruail me~'i;-lgl?W~at i~ ~l about people that make them clislikc conWCf ... vHh others so much>

I actIirlUy gJO[ a phone G~H theether night in which the GIHer s,aitl, "Oh, DcWJynel r didnr rcalJ:~' want w talk to you] ILisl wanted 10 teave a [1'1 CS:5<l g,e on ym.H' a 11 swe ri I~ rn acll,ine: w teli you about the commuree meeting." He ,;V;lS ;Kitu;dly J1U5U~IfCI.I. and hall a hard time giving line the intonuauon.

,\$ T .nc'tUl a lot L)[ computer 'rt'lated pL.ihi!~ GUioni'! these days. 1 ll,ftcn Ilnd ~.haL ~uJ11r 1)[ th,drl:olumni.~'L~ nurror thlnas IhJt ["ve been thi[,.Ung about cmn' such column (b) Btl! Mmch moe in lhe Ft:b rua I"y 1'0, l093 issu ~ 0 f PC: M,~g:;1Z.ffWl 11:1<1:1 the rnUt)1i;v~n!:"\ rm.r<tg:rupit which ~e'ems approprIate 1[11 tlte poiru I'm rryin"" !n make:

in a sunder vetn, look et the uemen dOLlS busi» ess dons in C&t;;J/og shop· pmg and direct merketmt). OnC8 upon Of rime, the Seers catalog was a way to b, inq a tnJge '<;[01'&, tuft of !iO()ri:<;~ 10 the tronue), to me pretne, to the backwoods Then, fI beceme a wisll boo« for subinbernte«, !orllh to fifE! UfO the. ramify C(I( »nrt rirtve dowl1m-wn It? the ere betore slmpping in m~115. Than. PiJPfH got too Ox·, pensive and nn era ended, Today. the economtcs of duect rnatkering dietstes £hF.lt cma/c.g reuulers be hrr;hty terqeted specIalIsts, not generalisrs, But the Internet has chenqed all that, and tite big cal-alr)~JS- ltt'e (:ammg tJack-{(] a world where there S no p8pf3r and no o ost.)ge

E::..IeClwHic cnrnrrrorce !Isn't bc!n~ dr.in:~."J. lrv cunvenicnce. bUI by tear of socral truereonrse.Thtnk abmH One particular resource i hat b II.Va lla ble on ll~1: lnte rne l. It L~ • amaz .. ou .cnrn," orherwtse known a:; !Ilt: "worlli\ l .. rgeS"~ book,stun: with over t"".'lJ ,~nd " h)!l[ I1ti.lDiol1 vu.tt:I.m~s iM stock." The rerm "on-Hm:, hoob::!jitoi"i~" i.s almostan oxymoren. isn't in' One. or the g;L'COlI rl~,a~u!"'C~ in life fur me ~.5brow51ng I.dsLln::.iy l~lfQugh 1)[1.:: ():f rhe hig bookstores that dot om landscape Illow 'i'VOn:c1e1if'L'll to 5e1(: ;.111 those gre;u ~ j tles CI lsplayed so cntlcinglr on. ~:.he shelves Il i:sqLli'~'I. and. pleasant l here. The :>111.1 a L·t Moret; even provtdecomfortable ch~lir.5 :md someumes "coffee or espresso bar to lure you into :,,11I\,-

CJ.)~~ti:n1j L'-a ~m p,jgr 4

Spring 1998 t

The STANDARD

ClJrlliJfued (rotll/~.ll/' J Edito,r

C nmmu;;(/ J'"vm p,r:l',p .r Chairman's Message

Phil'ip Stcilllt OUII" mv~siol tChahr has been e:le!ctedi t!l the A.SQ. IBoard If l)'ireclo:rs.

% at

.". -

ill~ Inngn. 011.e uf my frlVmlle pl;JH'S irt the world when I W.iS a bit younger Wl;j;~ ,j musty hook. _~hnl' where yfm could read ""Va.r ,1I~(1 Peace" W~'thOUl buying il. if you had she p .. - rience. !L W"lIS ;1 de ldghl (lI.tl pla<:e where ;:;C>11- versutron ~;V~IS welcumc :inJ a Ft'(;ling of fll"i.:;mlline5~· Vi<<I-~ ever pft"5CIDI .. Sig/:J •...

Of course, the computer 1-1:18 also ermb~,~d ,ul~ to ~oml d~t~p CIll()no:l1;~lt arraelrmems w people we will, in ;.1.I llkcllhood. never meet face It)·frtt"e .The gentle art of (:lJn'\~'$pomJ('J"I(:e h:l.~ been usurped br in~mm rn!:'S~.:Jgil1g ::til(j cn.a'l ~e'r'Vke-1i 111~lt nuUf.. dozcu .... -per]1.;1pl> hunclrcdx=-of pcqph.: \vhen you're oil-line ;,m~1 rf-;Id)f fa ~!;u'l hJ:I~~ iL1A r~11t:'5~~ilgL~ h:Jck :lIlt! fOrTI,.

!Ev£:'n In the !l,tl(l-denrunic ;lIlc:n:~ 'i ... eve sue-

curnbed m tlrls element of·h<Uj.d~ off" or impersonal comnnmtcation now many-anm.m,l holidav Ieue .. s" did yOL'! gel fhi;~ vear~ Where has the old-tasluoned an of lellerwri.'lil'lg '~,on(:"~

While I'm. as e.xi:H.ed about all thjs uc'""", ~e~hnology 3iS anybody, J would be a io'[ lupp:i.er if it were ouitlLdin.g. b.rld8e.s~d .nOJrw;ll~:I;,Afe we so shorn: of tim.e dlat we don 'r lnl'v·e rtrne eo be nioe ro each athcrr?

Ifyou d liJ.;,~· to talk ahout tl,,~s or ,lilY otuer subject. please J:e.·d I'ret> U1 t::On~ml~J#CQte with me any tim;;;' . l'HII can send me an eIll;\l'l message W <::(_II'l~hatp'@mdml()g)',ufg> or you can GLU ,I[ (-lOS·)' l(yj·l ') 1') Or Iii'" IlU: ;1[ ( 'I rJti) 26;; ."'I~[ i(\

De Wayne Sharp, FA SQ. ee

bought: on-HIlt: IlrWl! Ww"\V\;Ji~.q,or_g, or hy tetepilOnc rrorn lie,) at T-HUll-:N8-]9'.:i6. but QP 01'111y pllhii.'\h~~ ;1 tew !llcn'OJo~y titles, Our bookstore wi~1 huvc nmn~: ,]1101l'l!~. cl11;lnk.s to LrlflT Rol)t"1<lit' lmu mu C~U f(Jr rna klng th i:; pos~ible, and to Dt>\'.V;lyne- -"harp awJ WQ'I)d~ EUl'kl' !itl .. working up the hnnkli:'ii HI be r)laCiCd on hue

[ il.ll!'>l HI"!ished iJl1,llp.il,g 'tIw m;;;mher ~mvcj from 11K' !:l,~l i~~Mjt' ofThe Suindard 111;tt !'I1,Jn\' prrm~ .m!>w.t[cd ;Hll.1 ~ent h<l:ck.lll'f'OC ~;-, Ol whole MOl of [l~Mogrnru_~ ~]ju::r in this ~$SlK ;,() that r0"~~ can ~c tile answers For )'our~~.!f, hut 11 c:rc':; what I got {rom ~t; Ynn'f{' verv ha ppy :lOOlU the newsletter ;md rhe webaite, ~nd voted to have mu!,e coverage 'Of eV~fy topic w~ asked JllnUl.TIH:: conference w.rHm't poorly :m:endcd be:IC:UI<'i~ of P00("DT lare pubhcUy Or :1 il un in (etesri.n~ program, h lit uverwhdlm i 11'P::~~" Iwcauls~' your ('mplfJy~l"~ have proVjt1ed f~HJ lim il[:or::J u f 11C) 0PPQrt.lI rllty rnr ~:nn f"t! renee :Htend:me·C' ,lH ~nwt;l. (\Xit· think. [1"1:11'" pre1.ly

short-siahted otrnerm.Tne conference itself was not !oo rvcnmc ... 1 [or 11wsL but had 100 mUlch ,u~mUl sr,~,m!:JII'(.b ad i\litil.-:4. lntercsringlj, ['hOlIHll you would ltke 10 have more ahnLll ;o;tand;mh l'1 UII..: newsletter. C,,,,rlifi(,,,llkm Oinked ,t~"f")i \l~,gi1 on IIw imel'e~,t s.c.lIe'_<lS ~J id eth.lC;Hi~l!i. The erul LUN,i;JSlll for mOR abom hU~jrlt:~ me .• I'~\lr~mt:iJ'IL~· WlLS kind t;fW~HI.;, but m,uty wrim':lfI ('ommcn:l.sOIl;knl!i.)r n.

A.lIWJ'!,:etilrr; this will ~nd=d hdp us with 01.11" ri;.limln~, ,111<.1 V!.'1C hope to U~I.: It to rlTl:lik.~' the Oivl~iol"1 even more useful to )'nu in the futlJre .111 :-l!]k~(lg<ll n tor yo ur re~pml.~t:'s.

~~--

Phi.! ~lein can b,C': reached .H~ P[C1iHp (, Sllt"in COflSUU;JIHS,. 400 Oak Srreer .. Penninp:ton .. New j.er:scl' 08')3<1, lin!; phone number is (609)757-914" and hls ft~:l{ rnirnher i:i (609)'7.>,1'·9'11 I. The hc~~ way to reach him I:;; ,1<1 his e-m'i~.~ addr(·.~~ on the Internet p:-;tl::i'n.@ml.:~asurt:me,,! .com. (0

Uncertainty, Treceabilitv, and ISOI Standards

IIJ'str:ucto.rs: Phil Stein B'nd Woody Eiclle

On St:ptel~Jbcr· 14, 19Y8,ir!jl(,' A..'<;Q Mcasuremear Qua.lifY Di.vis~on will sponsor a fIJl]'(I:J.y tutorial: C1ncerla,:nty, Traceab.tlUy, an a ISO .5,t(l,ntltn'lt/s.

Th it; prcsenmHOlliH1mcdia rety precedes the Divisiun'" Annual conference September

15 and 1,6, and will be held at tile Bos'lo~ Marrsort-c-Cambrtdge. r~ght [[ems" the street from the conference si~t', The uuoria! and the conference .;;rrfC open to the rmhhc ,Hid art: not rest rictcd tn A'SQ members.

Cmumued {UP pJ.lg: 5

Spring 199B

The S,"[AND,ARD

"Measuliemeni1:, Icalcul,atil!!lnr and statement of uncertainty is on everyonels mInd."

Mt' .... ~'lIn:L11Cnr, caiculatlnn, and statement of un,'el·taim1t~i" i~ O!lt::l-·e.ryune's IninJ,\'IIorbik ~JJj.. hrauon lahs .1I,nd mctrotoglsrs have always cited I nctr re,~~llI~ wnh some estunare f1~ measuremern error, rue i"urmai reports of uncer[;Ii Ill" ;J (.(. be Iflg required more und more In-qucntly ilt COm11lef"CC. 'fi li1f~ workshop will [ ~tlch wh;1Il is required by varrous standards :mJ ~~':'iIt:.I]l'i,.arrwacll·s 10 me(l~milr}g, ·;Llcu· lm.mg , ~lIH..I repnrlil'lJ,!: un·i..'l·!"I1'1illlk:-; In a couforrnunt W:1l}', .md hn,,' to rnnke ~m[1 U!oE error hudgt:l!. to determine fOllr un{.;crl:Jillty

F:Jcul,[)' tor rhe ~!Ih)fi"d [nclude \1J:"no(ilwarc1

C. Eiclo.e an~1 Pllmp ~tCIll, Hoth instructors are

IQrmer J\mrr Int'trnl()gi~r.'i now ill Jliiv:He omM Ilri ng p r.1C ~j(e.

Fecsjor the rurorial have npl' yn been detcrrruncd, bur Prt'"ViOlIS uuormls have been in tnt: $ilm-~.~Olj r .. mgt, .H1d will inctudc mareriats. wnrkbook.nnd LwO coffee 1':In::tks.

Rt'gistJlllioo mrormauon. ex:! I prices, ami <.I, Jel;Jilc(1 nullint: of [he materiel lo t c covered will be sell! ".'!th [he cl)i1'(l:h::'nc~ anIlIJlilWt:ffll:Qi and will. arrt"::lr ill the next ism: II.fTI1(' St'lI1ti.:,LJ"(:1 For further information at thls l~mt', COHHln PhI! ~Il"in. H~~ l~{jtln:~ .. , phune. ;111c'! e-mall Olppt';lr on ~h~ prevlrrus page ; 111 d 111 I he h;Ld, of l h is i.,~sue .• :.

Year 2000: Is Your PC Prepared?

theve,itr1'968 w,ns stored as '68' ami not as '1'960:"

There's been ~~o much publiSlu.:'l1 about the - V lK Problem." ll.WL [ was¥i't sure J OUj'!.I'It h) ;!~d rmylhung more n'p rhe UHTt'i!1l ofwords rhnt have been wrh [.t'ri ,lLlUUI [n]" n:xillg pmbi'nn, Um, W'll't1 I ;I~kcd ~onu .. · friends ,lbm:H IL, lilt, II ni'l'(;f""I answer ~c:: mcd to he "go 1111' iL ... ) here goes

For Iho ... !.~ Olt ycw whove heca liVing in a vacuum t.lJI.~ p<l;;.1 )'t':lt or L .. \1(') , ] SllOllhJ Ihrid'jy ck:scu"ih<: the problem hel'nn-: g,ll'lng ~my Iur[11\'1'. 11 seems '11alU wuv hac kin .. me ien t rl rues (I:he i 960" ;md 7H'~) ",arne n,f .my tdlow com pL.l.e~· I'blh w{"rt' worried Hholll ~lJt: size of n:co nl!> i 11 J.It.l bases ant! SO]I W;U"l,", i\l1.C"f ,I ~l Uwy were u!o<cd IU punched cards \~ tncn couul onlv hei,lu lin f:h:l(';lC"I:r~.

R member, \;,,:;(~' hack lhul, nu-rnory urul Sil),r:I!rW were expensive.I mean incn:ulLllr t" x - pcmive .. -;()O Kll of random-access memory 1'0 I' ;'j m,l i 111"rj me- .;1 ~m PUI(;' r cns:~ ,1 III i llmn llul· 1!Rr~ and ,\ (-,0 IlrHI disk ddve "'O"l ,$ HI,Ono ;1 me~ah~'u:.Tbd;~~', ~)Otl (';111 j-,uy .1 di,~k Llrih'c fur ,Lbw Tli '0.0;; per megahyre. an d \Vi.l1duw~ nt::::cdi<i ;t1. 1t:~lbol Ie) i\,i1B oj' memory 10 run well 'Vu I h ccsts I i k(: l hey \,,'C: rc, it was i rnportnn t U.(.l sav . rnoi ,e\' ;'0, 10 ~,!Ve J kw bucks [I.u~r 1'I8t"d il 1 dig i l ) CJ r date 5111.K:l un; :111(1 ad(1 ;xl [h ," I4r in froul 0'1 u.only wnen l''Jrinting il UlII.Thm;, [111: \'GI r 1l)(iH W:IS ,~wrt'd a~ "6S ,Ind not a:. -I :)6H,"TkLi \\",l~ fine ~H the urnc. bUL when tllt: p::.n 2000 wB:'> around, those cf')mrllU:::r~ wllt rhlnk [ll,H rhe y~.cllr is I ~I"lO and not loon,

Some wdl think 11 l~ J 00 year's :I.HO .ind oihers '\iviU ]',-'I'l:U IU (!)sn orsome other date and chaos 'could wdl result When irr.tlus(rr firs~ reillil.l;:rlllw exuru nl rIlL' fHw .. "mial probk-rn. it W:j$ :IS~lJIm 'd [!,Ul h would (J!1lr .. neel 'lltt"!Jig COI11PU!(,no' li!-:(' inll:'lli::' IINnl or »mks. insur; on;' cornpantes and the lik!:: .. b jn C!l11 imagine, programruers ·wh.;,.i ccnrkl wrltc codc ill t ~Ofl.{)j wen; iill hig lk:m;lnd.

linforll,lm.'t,t_·iy.til(;· pruhleru l';>;:ifolS ~.ll your pCJ;'.'H).I:\OlI ~JC :in ) nul' ruocess aurornauon com pli C(;",I"S; i L1 prn~nlrrul III hk' J of.! k en ntroilen;; (PLC~1: 111 lh~ ccrnrotter I~)I' your itJOJ1H' air condhroncr, :1.11(1. pruhnbl,) in [1 Le t"ull1· purer ill ~"Ollr automobile. II is 1101 lri\ 1:11 :11]di it ~'Im not ~t) :l"~'II} simply he cnuse ...... e. ""'i:.h it would, nor are !hc-\'" g jng to nx II. The "ltN::'}' who .~hm.ld hI,: \vnrri('d ablllil tilt:' I n"hk m :1I1thJI! ~onU' 1 h i 11~ a b( IUl il'.' ,11"(;' yu~ I and me. Tilt'!' ,. je; h:~~ than !\,! ~ YeH rs H, the vear 2WlU J [ you haveil '{ MOIrI!.c'd a (.J~'lilil~;·d cc m1pI1;HlC'~ a~!;;cs."nH:1H of .cvcrything I h~ll[ has a CPll Qr mlcruprocesscr 111 ir, youmigbt want [0 hurry.

The hi~ corporuuons, bunks. andillSUI'ancc comparnes are '~JKn(ni1g 11UW~ ;;urns oj ruonev (hllmlr<:d .. or millhHl~ (Ii dol ,.h) to :Idl.lr-t'.~s these i:<;. ... UCSUI.·, Lh.cirruall1framl:"s and rht, upper-level l)ll~illt'~S s.\·sh'm~. Hut what ;Ilx.Hll LIK planl flo(}r~\'\ldl,~\ml knn .. w :IS t\,'l'J( ;!~ I.. that in many \}r~;mi7.~'l'Liu'I,1S, Un: l"n~im{'r-

Cfj~<tmietr WI {1'(1';(' 10

I Page 6

""

The6TANDA'RD

_ Sprin.g f998 ~

%%%

== * ¥¥

g

(The Management (orner)

Jack RIte)'; ASO F,eltow

Is Bigger Better?

A most severe lest of a manager's sk ill and objecrivky is to judge whether to enlarge or exparid his. business, when the economy lOl)ks Ibr1glu. One need only look around at the empty stor("~, [11 5tdp and major millis LO realize that this decision i.s nOI, always well made \Vilen demand is high, Llilt" urge to expnnd h) i(lC~'e:i1~~:I"('vel1u{:" rml'1t and marker share i's most ,<[Hr:.!ctiv('.

Some 30 yea rS ago rhe head of rn~ HamId (.eenPL encouraged the; concept that acquisi [;i.Qn~ and mergers be lI~e\.~ m mcrease revenue and Mock VlI)t,I'{-_ Though not a new idea. his Hgf!.res.sive- ddvt:: W ~ved companies wiilll dirff!.:rcrH products. markets. services .md rcch L1Iolog~e~, other rhan his o rigj,I.HI I' comrnuntcaI"ion:; companies, turned imo a dis.~$rcr. He hought bakeries, insurance cornpantes or any o.lrg:UlJlzaTion whose :H:;.qubh~olT! would d,dvc up the stock p-ricf', 'rtvmiably in th~ near rerm. Hisconcern prulU:lrU}' With tbe numbers (he was an uccouru.mr) and the' short term returns Wil rpea hts goud sense His '" n umbers" ,u·,t' < mtmbe rs: ,. and intrrcnrc f1n;!IlciJI-~"t.'yilCw process. ignQI:ing many ]}(;niH)ent, difficuIT-[DqtQ;tmi'l'y f~t'~·IOrti, wluch havl< tlri\'eI.11,1Ii:lny goocl people OUi~ oJ [ile merp.ed LU111p;.mic~: [U lbt: rl:'pliicC'rj bel- rhe ubiquitous M13A·S. who know Lime ahom fnartUf;Lctut"illg, qU:IIHy, or Ihe runrung of a (actor}'. But. [1.'"1<"'" :l[vpcarcd 'ill be g.tn.in,~ hig~CI' and ricl.lt'l"~ r~gln~ hl the near term, the Creed a/Greed diu lncrcase V".1hIC, bur Iefl ;lmc_~" fm Geneen's successor. who iL,l.LI tu ]:i,el1 off mally of Ihl" "GO-GO" acqnislrion:; W ~,iH; uJ'H:: COTHmtlllkarions glan~ Thc higge.'<il joke u~ aJI i~ tl'lat re:~~'s !;ue"r, Geneen wrote a book C!!,1Hionblg Directors oj Corporanons not to i"lt: forced by ag~L1:'::;.s.iVC:" CE<)'s l,rUo ;~L'~inns Irl'lJ.'lpmpri'1(C W tltt: C(IJ,TlP;~IlJY'·~ tutnre he;lhh: In other woras h~; s;1,icl, '-DOI.,l'l do w l1:11 j did:'

AU around 1I~ today wesee M,cga-Mel"f~-ers rdleC1Ei1!J: a s:umHar In:nd, 'i.'vith one exception. i'liO:5l uf l.od:ty·s mergers are wrth cornpanles h,.1I'il* common rOOb such ;l~ baulk$, rdct:om-

munlcations, tr;ul .. porUt'lon,.('h.:.Th.i".~hoLltd help, bl!! slirely we will overstep in l:tl<lUY Ci!.I.S.c:"" Zl'i1,CJ h,lVt: W lmlol;L(jpo()rly~thnugllilr-ollt or managed acquisirlotls.

Alut':riclll$ love big, ,,"hit1~s;jl1J.d eXj.l~~n~Ion, often neglecting to ohj'()'l;.'t,ivdv asse-s lht· fac-[s. \"0'11 ich may be 's1p;naHng, fl,o slow, Ilonk deeper, For example. tilt present tJenLiand. now '501i, of venicte s:lJes, fur Sport Utility Vehjdl~!j:. (pickup truck» with van type sentlng am,:1 four wheel drive) io; ~m example of bl~Aer btu not nccessaruv bctnr In ril,:!;:" Inn!,":€' r term. TI1t:.'it: rr uc 1,<'5 ;H1" ad01 it Lf;d " g,i'I~ guzzl('rs" whiclr wi,l! so dtsrort tne ~O'1en,~· mcnt-mandared m~ik""S per gallon gpab. a~ ,1:'0 :;.non require ;l new rU'LmJ or i)'c'F:Oli'i~h:m acCOllip~iniel~ by rue usual threats ,,_ne! intrruidation Rom both ~;,idle~,

~n n nor her- eX;lmptc" 010);[ ·of tl'~ have SC'E'n the new super srretchcd Uf-Wtu;eI, I mit~r:s which have (d~fn,,~ull[r rl(:.gtoli.:llinp: .... hal·ll~ rurnx on normal two-Ianc m;als. Rel:I:L'1L1ly, W{:" w~l[cl"leci one of these behemoths gn Iwng up leav~ng a strip t1};lLi,,1 anel rcC]llul'ing three tries In ~e( out inUJ 01 four-bile highw;!y: m.t:'Jllwhil~l!', hohlinlolUp truffle in hoth cUrCTli.on~_

Grow W(;" must. bur leu; r'hjnk a hij~ ~~I'H.Jl,H where III is is going, ,lru;J f(::;'lli~[iiGI.L!), what "",'(m,nl' p:l}' fill" n1i~ apprn,:lcb in ~ht" fuwreTht: suvs, Super "iu"('"[ch ~ ~-'WliwdLr'i, Cmh(:' ShipS (.1'10\V appm:lClling 11'1.H!IO tnm:) twice rhe ~i.7.c of lilt: QE I I. incapab!e uf ifansi.til'l'g the Panama <.;.uml, !i"l:11I overwbetrn small CarlbbeHO Towns \:l, r ith people when t~H.:-r Jr,011 anchor for a half day vi_~lt_ Rcrnernber.a Manager's te~ponS"ilb]lHy ls L1:0l just [0 look good in lhl! near term, but li) mar!;!!¥, tile' ccmpany's :~s.<ll'<ls so that growth em ht' mainIrljnl'U and be proftrahn, II yuur HO<Lrd ul' Diseciors doesn't ;Lt;rt'e, l :<mg_p,L~( HliH !'I!U, ;O;\lH.l"PC'1l YUl.If resume ... ~ It! I'ifj,:JY need It.

Ji3t;fc Rittty is Q Fow1ding Memofl'f (Jf l'hfJ' "Mf'Hl$(JUN"IUtN Qua/lf,,/" and "HUman' D.el,l·elopm,EI'{11 and .Leadership" fJlI.ri:m:ms af ASG.

Spring 1998

.Page 71

1ihe S,..ANDARD

"'Uncertainty' rare~y Ileads off the II'! OlnV6!fS iii B tien."

Contraria'n

by Philip Stein

A:- mall)' of YOLI know, I watch several Interncr mailing I t!'i [::; , includjng rille one snaimaincd by our li)ivi:!;iOll. Recently, there's been ;1Il i111- ieresring t:Kch;tn~(,! on the IS025 list, rnodcra t ed by the cver-paaie ru Grt:g C'ogHt:;:;. r thought you'd be particularly interested ir1 th'IS topic so I've excerpted and reprinted several of the 'po~ts' here, WiL h perm ission of lileir authors Of CfJlill".'i.L ihat In~ve1> me an opportunity to add my own cOlltv;J:[lian comments ar the end.

The discussion was initiated by Ted Doiron of NISr f-Ie said.'

I have rrouotc ur)dCl·~,t:tncli.ng why anyone would !>crill gafl,C:sw a catlab ihat doesn't have the CQrJl,pek'l[Ce ~o make a valid unccrtai nrv estlll1arc. How do you jud8E' the ~p:uil.lity of their ~'vork' Costr Turnaround' Cute husincss clrd~' II.(Jw do you make decisions which rcqulre 4: ~, 10; I, Of .in gCIlCLll, choose measuremeru ;,.wml;Jrd~ which an.: at'lcqu:llt' lu !f~l rile toh:'r:H1ce in question

All rnanufactu ref:> use uncer t.rin t)" ever}' d:'lj' Ii might not he torrnnlizcd ln documents, h~n sorneunehas tu choose rne;I..5L1rLnli: merhoosinat Jlii"(;'''good (;ilO1.lgh-.tlfl some sense. You can't srav in bUlii.U1eS$ st::~llnr. ga!l!C blocks if ),oUlr inspection [s ;1 '!I~: rruer c;alipt;r_ ~() NOlle\.!::one is makJng decisions, proba~)l~' based on cxperie nee. In m051 (';I scs. ex perlt"nu:: i~ gaitlt,d lhrollgh failure , Chou:-iinp, suppliers and mC'3 • .,.urerlJ.em methods by i!lC1TJ"!w'n(~.1 !'ailm'c is not rcullv !:l,oocl 'U1llJt,,~h for modern irli]riu)UlhIC['Llrilnp;. IS~) 9wm dernand-, thnr },'OH don't i~!.<;! g,,,r :"lruff From you r ';:l:1PI~lkJ;''', but you ~d usd.:u~ MHIl'l'rDm yn\Jr .'iI!rplkrco;.A c"Hihratlon whhour an uncertainty i~ LJr hrnirc.d usefulness. If yO~i don'l b,LV'~ personnl t"_' .. :pt:I:i. ence whl't L1lJe lab over i1 period of rlme so you can judge the uncertainty from y~)U1r nwn ~kSl hand koowkd.gc ofthdr performance the c:d is [lfObM~l.)1 worthless.

IFra.nkly, uucertauuy IJlidgCf$ar':::n'lIJ~:U bar(ll l (1 make. After you've seen 21. fc\v it is, farrly e~sy to pauern yours after the t.1i~umpks .. 11 admit the Guide to 'Unccn a iLlt")' isa very rnathcmat]C;I~ document. hut the e:xm:npit:"s aren't so CO~HrIlClit~(LC~U .m,mnl!, N'\fIAP and AllA wnukl

Metrologist

be good starts, and ask. \'I·h;)l; other people ,11'\:"' dni[lg,. I( NV1AP :JIlU .1\2L.'\ \-,'ani. unccruuruy, and it ~:-, ;1,Jr'l~ad} in C uide ,2') and NeSt. Z540·j_ tilley ought to hI!.:' able to help you figureit out

A cnlibrorion wirhouta valkl nnccrtainry s~a.[l'mc.w h jluSl exercise .'.nle l;e_~1 ~II :11:' propnty (~)::~H'('.s$fd ij n calories.

Jack Gale responded;

T was warned by my friend;; .ibour this, ..... ,tV something about "lm!k:en:limy' in room Iull of me tro lo gi xts i,_s hke yelling "ffR~~~ in crowded movie [JlCf.,[("r,

lhave 'heen accu::ed of bf"l!~g:J tI"U(;I"Ir.IIU.I stand up comtc, but I W3t> ~el<iUll:i ,abour the topic In n;:II lift: I'm tile quah~y manager of a commercial cal lalb tlnu serves almost 12no m()~ltl) s:Jt,isficd CLl:-;romcrs. These custorners build surgrcal lasers. ;_H"lC)f.ici<l1 hearts, nuctearcomponcnrs, a\~~omoth'e cornponcnts <IIHJ nuur, other products, \Ve ch:::hVtT what U\t::y warn and [hey cm.m.:' hack yearatter-ycar. Thev come in dcm;mding GJsl,;;er vic e. recb nical L()I11peteIH:~. quiC'1k. rurn ;m:nlf.ul and dean certs.: ~ lncertainry" rmdy ~e;id~ off the couversanon The W( If1.1 ~ .. .mc'"r· [:;JJinry" is UM~!Hy preceded by 'the words "my ;ilW:!itotS3)'$ I ueed..:'.

l em number tJrl rnr h:md_~ the 1T'm]H~er uf CUM~Or(!en; ihm COIlH: in to la.11k about their unrvrtaintv bu~I~c:r_~: ITn~lyhc twice 1.1 ~IU 11IU[l1~ her know GUM and COLri.d begin 10 USL' i[ This fOrltm, the huger p;Jn of NCSl.lIuJ the pm"!.IClpanlS in IS02,)!i'NU\JYiI..2I.A , ,-vc all UV~, u\T nru;1 IJRENnlf [Ht'"lrol.p'm, If you e:l.iminau:· lh,ese pcuple rrurn Ill.t: di.~UII'>~i,(m. you ,Uti Jenwirh !he: Iho~Is.,.'i.nd~ufu!lllll'l11~rll users that W'H1.l suumJ equipment :IIU.I, M pOl~~ a n ;"Illd~l_1111!'i m~l}' mU be ac HddlHGlllr .1 p. pealtng. but ill ts the suue 0'1 business rn rhe lJ~ [oda;y. rd like tr~ say that we would he more j n ii ne with lilt: rest q f the ..... orkl, b ru J. don'T believe il Di\i[)'[ somcbodv ~ a y we woujd b c III erne by IlLl'S,V'

l1u::n:: h not a Inl'ge cry ~1(Jr uncertaiuries o ]Jl"'SI 1)[ or the ~J.abnllioJ.:1 imJ U;\iI ty I've show!"! cusromers NC<;L rf)~,ition stL1R'menl Cr:mhm,icd rm {"1st.!!.

Page 8

z: 199B ,~

TI1e6TANDARD

Commlh'd_ii'l)1U Jt,I,~._',7 The c,ontrarja1n

., ... kln)w~ed,ge of mea s ura m'e It ulllcedainty is a p:rim a ry requ leemeat 'f,gr a C,811i-, braliolil o,rganiz,anan. and lis Hot a secondary frill added because customers ,ask. fer it."

w~~ I on r~ts:r numners :md lilt:)' as!.. 'whu i~ uus {"),gani7;;nioll to lleny rhem ~Ju: numbers. l'vc vfkn.'d CLl.~,Wnn·'[s ;1 spr~;ld~he(~'t to cal- 0:11:111.· ll&1R so il!1q m:l} understand their l't~ ul pment ;'i(,!C'c~ ion. MUSl 1i"'U I! L1.~l'i r ep"-~ a I[ Lbt, IhLJll~hl 01 (,iOI!1g;1I1 n&lt r dif_l 1~.&Rs in tht:" "HUll lndLi~Lry .unl tht'y :In' ri.l,;i.lH belnnd r,IrJ't' c;!I1aJ~ [or fun, hi I L tIlt:')- gu ii JO'llg \V .. ~' InW:Lrdc. ~dt·t.::tirlig I]U: ng.llI eqllipm~l1LWt1tk LOI lug and cahbrauon ';Ib~ need h.l work wuh ul'K(~ll\u~nlil>:-, ,I lar~t:: FlJIr~.lLln 01" rill· reM of Ihe ,vudd c~n't 011i"ford to care Plemit:. no more W:IHIIHlg1' ;Ihollt gojng oiLII ~lf I)U5·ilH.'s.."i; U~:lI1y ~hrhLII~ 1 H~~;m':-;~"l~S gel <LIon!! line wnhout I( ,j iJ",'1 :m{1 ,,,,111 nmrmue 10 do so,

En{HJp,i'l ,:::kl.1:JI(: on Who i~ tigl'll ~H Wl"("~'lf!.

Why don't Wt:' en I bm.cC' I he j I i ~'C r$il) 1)1" l1oC'('lJ ~ far callhrnl iml ::IuLlIH .. <;,[illlt>t· !>i':lIubnl:; Illla~ we n ll L';m I rtlt: with, S('vetoll rnnnufac: I! I'"t'·~~, Ii~ m.~aMJfJn~ t"4uJI)lUt"nt ufil.'r i lifr~rclH levels OJ' e,11 i hl.';;lIl i~ ~I' (\J r u i rrl' Will p rlcl' s. N niT ! rsu ~'a L"'Iit:' wirb du [;1 \\ I full-hlown ~l1ln,-I,lil1rks 0:1.11 j'l"lt:" W;]) Llm'I.'1T 10 .'llmple L~l1.ifk;H~~ ul C(JlUpLi .;1111·,·,.1 1"1 WLI1Hcl JLlr mn,~( everyun~'s p~~-d (Ex.m~plt': ()I\1I:)I,;I. nIL.l.log., Vol 19 , p.:i\g~!\'.!'.1).{ lft<::r \';Ii"y~ng tCY!l'·b Jm.ll(:'L the m:ukt'fl'Jacc l,;I)Ok ~1l1d par I'm the it"l ... e~ ~~wy want.

Propes a I:

I_t;:vd ';: Nl~I' nr uuuonnl I;!t) .. all (.E:Il:·1 ,H1U un ccrlHLn.ues,1:'1.0 I. 7~ll"i

Level ~,_ N'VI/\.P/A..lLA w.ith a~1 lm(:tTi:l.il~l.k:-; PfO\1 idcd. N I ST [l~Kt';1 hie

Level 5: Mt't"t.'i pi,ln W!(J UJ Icen:d IlH~~. nWel;l: a nunimuru .i.JI IIt'aWIi.Y ratio. '~HST !r;I~(;;'at~l.(:

Lewl l~ Similar to un 011.1 IVUI.-51·[)t:t:rl l/:,,,,eI " eel·lineJR· of cmnpH:lrLU::

(h te nt 'Iu:,~t' Jn~'h cnullil he mudek::d such lh:u. J. :.pt;cilk level could :gei .~ rnutuai ITcog n ~t il ill al!~'cc:men ~ f hat we a ~J ell L~l.d Il ve wi til. I'm nOI ;Irg,uin~ ou behalf 01' level I or l type: ('("IL:I. ~']lI'I there art: h1:!'l'42fS Qm: lhen" t'-or them. r )\,'!inc wh,n thl!Y :In: :mtl uie hUYCJ'S ",,'HI :u teasr know WiMJ ! hey arc gctung.The P(:Opl.l' ul Wa1\1:'1 rt ,know thqr are 1lI0!i 11 N r CI1l;}11I1- M;ll"(,US. nut li1~y gc:nt;mllr come I)Ul Il;LPPY

Howard Castrupsdde'd:

~ lnti] f('f.'cml)" ISO::!'; ;u:cft"L.Hw:if~n~ have for..:1I.'>n!prim:'rily nn "~\.ifllinbLr1.via " ,,;;wrl' I h:u's mu ;~ Il th:u ,t: rlt iC1i I w~t h n~gtLnl LO ;]!;~~"~:Sj n~ whrlllC'f OJ c..:.i~ orgfLJ.l:i7.:J.~in'n'~ IHe"'.:lSLl:temcnts Gill hI::' Ifl!S{otxl, hur ~a~f to C"!leotl< ;mdeas.r w

n)mpi,}" wiJ1h_ Imdy, rlu: I~WLl). h,,;:; ~h'iftL:'diJ bi[ 10 dererrninlng \ .... hether nrg.antuH:io.u,:. lian' rlu::'ir llnL"C'f!:1! nrios LlURk'1r conlw,J_ .~ thm~, ~hr~ ~,~ J move ron the d~hl ditcc! [011.11 makes assessment and com pi i,1n U' nIO rc d.l ffL{uh, hm il a.lso IlMkl.:s tht:':'i~ aUI,vi! u:::" mnj't· "I't':II," t]C1"(,'~ w Ity. ..

J believe nt.'iI ki1owkdg~~ ul measurement uJlcenBinn is ,1 prmuuy f~·qlf~r't"(HCm fDr a (,;Ilibmrk'lll f)l"'gan i I.;! I iOII. I IO! ,L :;;,c_:col1ldan f.·111 ;Iddt~d 11C~;!WH_' CLil,,[(mu··t.s ,I,sk 'lor it. Jllt: criticaJ 'i~;~U(' i.o; nut th,H l'u .. rOllH.·rs l~ndl~I,·.\.t.mtl UnCl'I"I~I\fm:!'!au::rnt:''ilI .. hUI, nl~ he',. Lhm. !',!.H.:il :-,;,ah::nJt"11l1> a'IT m;I!..:(;~~al:y lor cvuluat inA a ca~ or;g;mizafiolli:;; "ul.Jl"I,11C"d[J~ '1" (IWlhlr"

Yilt:' hl:Sl wa~' rll t\';i,IL1~u~ ihis qll:lIiry is in rerrn .. of 1;11~c: <I(Cl;"pt risk. rf the peohallihrv lha~ an oq::aniIZ<llipn ~lt"lj\·,'~f~ non-conkarmiug items is lwid 1"0 .111 ~.t;cnHahlC" level. lht~ OfWI.nti,z"t'iCln's m(=:k5H.liem~!'11 qUl~lil'" i!' t'lmkr comroL ::;~IlCI::. It's nuL possHJk tn t'~Liril:lte ~~llst" .1CCCpl. ri;,ik wlrhout 11nvil]~ l!J",~tt':'i[i. malH.l unn"rm[nty .. he-JIlt' ,lhlc n ~ (_~ im.rre I.Int't'r ~ ulnrv .'s requ J fed ["or rna ~ i Ill( :1Il ;1"S:'j{':,,~nWIH ()f:.I11 mg~ni7.l[ioifl'~, nW:;;I"'W'eIfnentqU;llil y,

And Steve Ellison addressed not onlv {his nsrrow question but also the whole issue of uncertainty determination in practical sitoations-tiJfx/ whether they're really the ri:r;jht thing to do;'

The priiIt:lrr dncl.:lrnCl11 i:-; '.11t: ISO Cm'dc To '["I)[·1;'.xjJJ"c$siou UJ Um:ertaintl' li~ McasUfPmeUf (GUM), J"1. 1m:.; been ~uler..1Uy luJnpH:-d hr .rccrcdita UQl1 <lg,<.:nci ~s Wi ~r.l'tl w.i de, It is {_:IJI]:nprdlen~iv,~and p~'I!:I:III:11lil: If y~,'l~ kJlln~ enough about Ihe ;lUu:!r ~'II:r-C'"I1' of environrnern ,t:l~" .. But it i:;; ,'I!SO I'IrnhJt-n1.l1tc.

~ call i ~ ;1 'pmhlem' h~J;"<'!l!';1: ir'~ 1 he nnl~ rt~c(lgHb:t:l.l. document our Ihere ill prt.;;:'fIlL hut H unl}"' uescrlhes 0.111: W~[.Y 0]" ~etHng:.u ol'lOr,lll uncertu i nri i;"S, II h:" re '!> ~~)[ne fed i!1A that UI'~ noratweys ~J.~ !)C,,( 'W;IY fOI' ;"Ill circumsiances. Fur ~hc urnrunared. t.1M: GlIich:

Irnplcrncnrs the 1:11PM INC> IJ (~980)mcolJlmendauous, wmcn were wugl'lly;

I) Assume correcrion for all siglllfKam (~frt;!' .. r~.

Ii) (~ve eqmll w,~~j~~.ht to lUK~n;!!llty Jnforma[ion ObUlii1l(,1l hv diffCrel:1l me-"".i:l!> '(!;If1C'citiCmtrh~u.m (,Ill tt"'!'gl: ~

Spring: 1998

Page 9

The STANDARD

COl1wmL'dfnm.· piW;" B The Contrarian

"The preblsm ls 'that ~solme) assessors are expeeting formal 'unc,ertainty budgets' based on error propagation principles. "

C;.II'I\, ~1:111~~kal ;H':lly,~i~ ofrt::pr.::!1u:d e;-.;.pt:'d, IlH::1'U s. and '0[11 t: r ITI,~f~lU!J:;', such ;~I ~ re adl ng :l cern f1Clt1;:, derivmg a J'!'t:n~uuvily ~'ncrnncm nr' maklrig .. professionul intormcd estimate)

iiiHixpr{":s~ .• 111. conrrihurtons [IS variances and commne us.il1!o1: s.[aml:H,"lI rules !t.r conrbiuution of vurtan es. Ther 's ;, s~,b!;idi;II1' aS~lJm'llinn;lh:H we're talking about rnerhods ill control, ilL)1 [he normal use of "1Iwman c rrc}r I ike plInl ng the Jed mal ['oin! iJ1 the wrung place. Mo~t measureraenr proClCSI> I'lerform:mct' t11It_~~MII:t"1> lh~ the "'i'lnll'.

Nm .... , allose recornmendattons ;ut' prnl}' gen, eral. ~ hntrp,b ;1~!tI.H1H,:tI correction f()r kJ1U\'Vll hl,l~ 1 UIiII~ nul tv be a stlcky Ollt:! lor chenucal labs. '11, £.("lwrJ-J recurnrnendanons :lllow )'011. ill principk, ID :'i3r th:IL 'or~r:ltnr;' ·'101 ~: 'envi ronnu-nrat condinons' crc.ar 'jnflucncc I:U;, tors, ;lnd sllHj~ riu':m ll-"lIlF: methods 1 ike i rue r-la I ,uta LO q trlal, or iJ r :~i{: u~i uv i rr a l1alr~is, ,)D' br Jifkrenrlnliurl_ Rt:'pmtl.LI!.:ibiHt~ st~L[ldart! tI.~\'i;uIOll can tK ~'X.I'n:S:~t'd as;:J \'Jri:m~'l'_ fLJI' example. 1H1U represents JI] l'_~'LH:Il~Ht:' j if .:umhilied wrrlun- .ind b~[WN'II-l;lhLJr~w)r} \'.Ui;Hil ms. nut [hl-IH l (illide l;tuc,-o; ,I ~!I her "P.L.'·_ dfh.: rLJtllt', imr1ymg qLllIt: !'>1I'Hl1gl~ IIMt yon need 11 fi srrnn! mathemarlcal model, e: j1f,C~_"~in" your resutr I" Krill .. 01 :111 he 11";.lct:ablt mrermedtate rneasu ·cmel1[!i--lndm.ling all) exu.rnul influences like amhkru L{;:'ll1per;J.Hln::, dl,.'.Thi., 1~ then dinr-f\"mi,Hn:l to get scnstnv iLy cm.·mcicm~ if m::n:ss:lry, en route I~} quanrit-j 1I1.bl. each input uucerrarnrys etfecr on lhe b'{'~uIL Ali ~hi~, b} the ,V:IY, works vcrv wd! ill rldt:1~ hkt" ~I,C'elriGll measurerncn]. whcr till physk~ is wclt urutcrstood. nnd ':'111 the si,gllill. cam tnllucnccs can be (lllflnliJ"ied and .. XII, rectcd for, and mo~"t ! If wh.u \ Jeri i:; calibnuion UilL ,l'l.;l'inr~ \[~n. si.IH:i' yuu h.IV~ tu !'i.el lip flw l:iI(,IIIOllil)ll :lnrW;l~, me UIli.:l:fWllny cllnlJaI inn~ 1.'·af1 h-t· ~'u~ C~IS}' tLl do. In such ca~e~, \~PtT,lI nr isn'l re~I!IY.1 ft',II, . pariLll1t"W( nr ~l~\' J.dfknnl elTc.:u. li:J.i'l1paJceIJ w 'lhmg~ yuu cnn trace- to rundamcuuu ~U1it~

am there ;In:; some hdds where tlns :J.P, J11"wKil doesn't appir S(} well. in ,:m:uIYlical cnemisrrv, we orren (tlorl11aJiy') lil1 I mat utc thinlils l1nrmaji~, con--.:idercl.J ·lr;ICt"lbk' ;lOtl ind.LilJed lit OUr cqu,luiull-maSSl's., "OlLlll1l"~ C'IL-~.rt:' ulterly insl~ll'lificaut c.:onLr.lhmions W UIH_ert.lillLJ. '\~ hill ~m:-;s dfcl,lts, likt Url;:"L:HOr dJ'n'L ~,;LJl1ple marri,x c:"fkcl, ~nler-Ullur.Ll[[)ry ('ITl·C:I:~, .('m'[mnmI:Jll (.;1,.(". 1t:.uJ I~l ,ct mudl hijil,:-

#'[" spread of resuus.Pew 01. the turn ;Irc continuous :ful1ui(ll1s,~ wdifff;f't'rHi,llblc in ;my 'wa.y. )'i.nd since we r::,l,reiy ;Hl;ll)'z~ idl'11tiC •• 1 substances rwlce (L'XCC~ r 111 pn )C~s.~ cOIH rol). W(' arc r:IroC'ly In .1 positlon W lnvesrigrue the size oftl'jn~t' clfects.The nr.t{ll&ional :IPPI'H;ldl !'mctlloll \-;I!id;Jthm') I1;L'> :i!.:cljrdil1gJ~ hC(:1fI to conduct '<lr, fIJI )j,lut.lic.~ or [lIt" lIi("[IHI(b. climinare .. ~lalls[j'~I1~ ~i~nificall'l crtVl."t'i II) mOllifyIng i he !.l'r ,t.:C'dur'C' .• md subjec: LII~ 0'11- I irntzed n.ltthud m iHlt'dJI'~mHC;r} ~luLl~ tv 1t:=w.lbli~l1 fCpmt.hKihUlly·1 ~1~1 bn'l because du"mil~[~ :In:·I:li';}'·i!',~ ht;;L":lll_~c·~ht: error pmpagaLiml uppruach dHe.~n'l t'Hsilr lit the hill, Tli,ere",~ acruallv a spectrum of ~l[UaiIOll~ from 'Error/unccrraiun propaf,l;Hioillk;ui} arpllC'~ well' In 'whol~ 1llC."111mJ SlUt1r i." lilt: 0111\ I'H.u:nictlhk wav Iorward ' _'iIIVM ,illLlUOIlS :Irt o;;Ulllc\vhen:' III bet wevn: "l!l<ll~ tlcal u::~Li31_g turns om, often, Will.:' !u\,\.llr".b lilt.:

I;ULl-r end.

OhTht' prol"llt"w i~ that (~I mL") .1~~L~·~Or" :Wl" l';.;:Pt'(.'~i91g form;11 . unn-=naiillli hml);:Wh lM.~t:'(1 on t: rn ~r prnpag:l1. in! I P n Dle i, plt:'", It.'Min~ I;!h~ ,m: havlng H 11::;111) I1:Lrd Ilmt' ~:.n i~I'~' iug that. gi"cG1 ;t hhl(lrr bused 011 'wholr 11 Wlih(lcl' perform nnce _~ tud ks.

11'<; UOi dire. rd. In Lurope. ~lIc presen aCCTL''Lh\:LIiOIl po icy is ro unpterncru LHl(..'I."F' mim) reqntremems ~lC(·urt.hll~ to I]lt' tau, 01 I he ~11't in [11(.' Ikl,d or 11H-~ISUl"('Il1l'm C:LJIlcerncd. for a nal\'[it::[,] tt:'Ming, II,;I[ currcnrlv rncuns Gli-ryh'~ om, or h;~\'ill~ ill1(~rm:lliui1 un. the method \',IHdatiBn studles (IJ~:L~ anrl precisiu!! lWLIl ' II,}!." {WI! 1l1L~~l (fil ieal p~~ramUH~ 1 r '''~ ~I'ding ,lilY ~jgllifi'L.'-:Jlll unccrtnlnty :;1 i Lm':I:~ •• md. I 1 f ·11 L[!'''t: , 1.1: t: pi n j.i. Q and l..)(' gn.ing h) LkmOIlM rate lh.h lilt: metluul it, ~{:,Illl]ud~ 11~'rlurmin~ to 1l'liJ.' .,[allll..rd l' 'pected. (01 cmrrse. for c.I_hbrJ.liullt-i .. the lull mr nte ilr('1He~. r,,{) cnrnphrtnt mt~l~III'1."n1t:11l unccrtarnrv 11r 1,'I~4;'1 I.

A~~ fo r the ~'11 ture: nut sure }Tl \\:I't:: {;;LI LGL} have been 'work~l1].l; towards J. mel hndolop:} fur all ·1 N C- 1 (198m com pltnn t unceri a lru ~ t"~tim:w! hased 011 valldatlon slIJdy darn.That ,... ill (:'_.,; rend ro a considermton l,f the reln-;ml' and aprliel hiJil1 t~f rcprndllc-ibllil} dam. ~n prinCIple, gi.\ en t1t::Jlllm~l,whlr "m:lll hi:t,,,:1 nu ':~;lllrollJl P"t:c i~l(m, I Ihlllk)' HI C':111 .~l1PW i,II>l't reI' I'o(! IIcjhilii y i'.. ... 1 \ i;lhk ·~~lm.Ht \If me;I.~HI't·mf'm LU1Ct'TLllllll'~': bUL 11 he GI\T' at~ ;tIT' IIDI I riyi[ll, "in LI1t' juq b ... [111 1][11 .m

('.'rIIHr l:j~Jdi m~ IMJ(I) t ~

I P~!Je 1,0

eN

:

CUlllilmai fr~m pa:s~ <;I The ConI lI'ari,a n.

rm~wweJForlJ' fMf!P 5 V.2K IProldem

"Why not iust put the milssing tW'B d,igils liuu::k in?"

whethertwhole-mcthod studywill he ::n, acceprable approach, OClif own in-Iw[:l:<ie 'Pf<lgIn;;u..lc· approach Invotves the use of method vnlidi!!~ioll claw. nogetht:1' w~th H qmt:ILi'[nri~rC" a naly sis Qf the men S u relnC n t P r(H.:t'SS" invesnWHion q~ an)" s~gnmcant effects 1101 demonsuably covered hy the validatiou :,m.ld~l's_m.nd. ~I' ~ignirl\..-J1H. :lldc:1irio.nal cornblnauon or rhe t:Jfe~~t~ of calibratlon II nd other l1nCefW~tIlk:S. "till nor ·ili.~tam: but if doeS hdp,1 luI.

The Contrerien adds his bit:

InSTead nk h(;"ing co n t ra rtan this urne .. I'd Uke to try to (unls· the discussion on one cruel •• ,~ plll'l of me topic. Ted said th:n ISO requires you to gel ul~t'fu~ Muff from your ~i!1.pplier'S, ):Ick t1k'1'I trie(J to make') In'd', of definitions of ~"'han .m.ig.lH he nm!;idcred "lIS(;:[1Ji" l'!.i:ldk)' various clrnlffl1&wl'1cCS,

To me, the R:>:'iUe b that if vou're 11).aldrl,~ :1I1~ measurement whatever, don't you \l?A_N1" lt (0 follow I he ~sn 900x 'Il .1. 1 I, I cruerton ~hbpeu·i'm. measuring, and rest eqllipmenl shnl! be used in a manner which ensures that lite measurement t:~~Kerl'Hinry j" kr\pwn ;"m.l is consisrenr wuh the required rnensureruent G!pa'biJiry'" ~f (he uucerrainry is not cons!scuM wHh the .rt"'qu~rcd capab,jil.i:ry. ,vlly bother at all(! Uyou don't know rhc II.H1COt~1il1ity, you don't know if it w~lJ ruee] your needs.

Then II boils down 1/) \Vh;H we; mean by "know the uncertainty,' j:lck's 11v(' k'viEb. jrt"

dufferem wily.!l! to know the; unce:r'l~~imyj~umc or whirh WQHld be ~lpprfF.:l:d by V~l{'iot;_~ kinds or, a:5,~!::S5(J:f!$. 0,1 hers whii..'ll wouldn'l_ The daily calihr:nion kl1HJ of:J conH1H::r..:iill f\'l.b is fIJ11 of 'work where the :~Cctlr:lj('~' 1)::q~,li[(:;d by the customer rs nat R;.lHr dml demandsng. and [11;(;: customers dn~':;lI;Ii want UJ pny d0Hrly for hij:l.llpowercd results ~h;'ll rhev don![ need

Sv if yot I' rre a calibratiun ~ah or ,m indus· rria~ in-house lab, )'01,1 h~t('1 better kno'\\' yml'r own Lmcer{aintk~ verv WI.:) 1. Not jU:;l ,.Itt· 1.1.11- ('ert~f~nr1t;l>' of )'!mr wor)Jdng Or mf.L:>ler ",(;(11- dnn:j~, but of your calihr:.ltinn prxn::ed 'Li Hcf; {S~urDlg do~·t: en S(ev~"s '\o"l!o!c mClhnd' Im()wleJJ4cJJ,'~t'lt 'Way. iOU, ,nISlOIHH;T~ 'kJrmw that ~,llell you !:livt [hem :,1 report. H'lt:y can ~fU:'iI 'it to he correct u I tile lever t}l:n thfY r'(:'qL~in;> Jf~he}" don't require H:r} much. yn~~ can u~e ,lblDrt:vi,W?d procedures and charge kS!5, but. rut] kuow, rliuOtigh UllU'lrl:Iinl-y ,le·terrninarlons, whut um:k:nt(~jl.'1VC been made to save ti ItJ e and nw m.~y" If t Ius ;,1 H Se'I['ITl:;; too I1J rd, eS,Pt'ci;:illly the pari :r.hnul de'\'duping e: rror ~HHJJ!,el£ for yQ~H- b;,I,rgajl'l bas.rllw~ II. prod HC{~. c1n!l't rnrgu meusnremeut assurance aj I d i.:Or)UT)[ chartl>.Thq· Gill 111,1i<e ~l'<J.k[[JIi}: four I.iIl{'cr!.!illr~' vcr) ~imrk il1dL"t:d w~)ih::at the same Hm(.; you muinrain your ()V,'Tl coUfidefl:i':(:" in [he resutts ;Inti the trust of your customers,

ins staff bas bven cut to the bone in recent ye.'II'S so lhen- isn t el.l.~Ulgl.'l rwmpQwu' to go ;'1 rcwn(l but .J:tllliary I. 2000, ,l.snt a deadline that G4f11 ht: rn i'~l'ed ,V'U(ilOLIl clire consequences.

An), _~yMt:'1ll lIl<l~~S dare awarecan 1~ave (bi." problem.This ll'1e;II1S [i1;lt m;He:ri.JI nunage· mern ~;~'s((~rm;.: maintenance or callbnuion planrring or sch~dI.ilH~g SYM(''I\lS; automarcd W·ol cribs: l!nd producuun p recess ,mode'lii1g, tooss cspc{,:ijlly neec [0 he assessed. MOSJ .i!i,uy plant-floor process CCHlU'OI system will he date: a ware, ,mot! 1:1it:l1cc suojecr to 'this prob!em, unless it 11,LS been :':I)edJic .. lI~ adth,e:ssed and I'iixed

TIU; nhv~'~I.J~~ qlit.~t!(')n Tlcople' have as.k,ed 'is. "\'Vh) nor i.l~t put lJk' il'li~:<;ing rwo digits ~ad';.ln?" I 'l1i'orllJ,mlrdy. !hE prog-rr'illTmwr~ 1li~IV't p,lv,t'il u;;. :lIlmhcr pro~~lern, There we-re precinus rt:''<v' Jl:!,!1l'ing cHrlv('mif)!15 w:li.en wltUil'!g amJ documennng computer programs, sC~ it

,is VCI(Y d,itT~ctl!'~ m even find rhe- daresin lilt' S()['1\1"iil.N;· CI1;ll need fixing,

JClci.(.ic.!ltaUy. I ci'!t:c:kc:d rhe PC Din WIHdl I'm writing [his column: U]w mothcrhonrd: clodz linllv v arc: b.t05 :ntd 1110"" of nl~' snl.'rware are 2000-Cnll'lpli:,ml iKClHIHc [i'w cornperter is ~t~,~ than it year old and most of "'flpJicaliun sufLw,m:: ii' pn:·tty UJP-rtHJ,U~_ Un (ort\Hl;!l,[ el), I h~ ra nq' e leer n.'m i c l herrno;!;!';'Il Wilich courrols rhe rurnac!C' in IIlV house isnr compliant: Jnd nl have 10 r('r~an· il: [)dort:: the end of Ihe m/lleiHlili11l', EVen some 'Of rue sO('lw;m::- that will krinw [hat iil'l~ rnuture al:[Cf' inj{lnj~JH on [kc'embcT :1'~, ~99'J wtll be ml:O ~ .~ M ,J"m!"~f>' 1..2000 m;Jif /'l;l~e ;1 problem come Febrt1;],rr 29,2000 heC;l1!SC till' yeur 20l]Oi s .~ I'(";~ P yea r,

Tilt: rule is. that yc: .. rs dh'isibk I)~ .'. arc kilP Y("::1I"-," , but v'!::~w;divisjblc bv 1 00 .~n.:: nll~,

. , C{ll'w~~~!'d I,m p,jgt" Ii

CmHl~111 rd fro ~'Ij fl~~!f IV \'2:1:( Probleim

except for those divisible: ,hy cio~. Smne sonware and opc'lr"aL.illA systems vendors forp;nr (~US little rae," (it ("kJt:'~n' t happen very often ~CI Lhey eMI be excused), and when your computer gels [0 ]~ebru~lq' Z9, 2000 il will ihink t~l~'ll it is lVlarch 1,2000 Of .e:;ivc you some kind of ,(:'ITOl" message.

Ifyoll have access In Ilh~' internet there arc a couple oC\t?'eh pages, I woukl recommend rOll check out Computiel' .Qt~"e"·f£ maga- 7.111(" had J great ~lrl~clc cmit"lnl .. YWZI" 2000 - Is YOllr PC Prepuredi":« while hack and YU,I,,1 can check illtolIt at cwww.currems.ner/covr>. Look at the cover article for their February .1, 1998 issue. I[ bas a lor of good informatton "no! .lii~k5 so other resources lO ·du:ck, You might also want to check <j''e:n2000 .. com>. This 111~1.~) be the-Web sire whereall rhc hoopla oriAi!lJtC'd It is packed with articles and refe.roences W ye:n .1000 problems and solutions fOr mall) ~1'rK" of systems. Mfmy ma~()r vendors also have YGlr2000 pages on their Web :'iHe". One exa rnpk; (smce 'I'm sril] an ] FiN! loy~llil"n is <'wl;~'W.ibl1l.com/ihmfyc;af2000!;>.

If you've gnt a copv of the Februarv ibsue of Contro.l llngf.neerl.ng magazine around,

there >H .. t:' a coup~e D] ~Ot)d ;'l.nklC'~ in III also. Good luck w:i.tlryourY.2K p,rubicms! .:.

M:'QO Hospitality 51uite

The MCaSllll"f'mt::nt Qu,llity Division wilt h~ l1O"'tting 111 Hnsp:il.alit~ Room at the AQC in Philadelphia foUQ,Willg rhe diVISion telerunterence meeting on Monday, May -1, ~ 99;~.

It will !be .~OUi(C'CJ U!lI rOOiH 306 i n lhe Marriotr HQtd and wt'IJ he open from 7 - IO pm. Hors doeuvre s am! bever;l;ges ·'Nld! be served.

S~gnfi ·will b{· up .md reminders "rill he h(l"fldcd our at 1.11<.: [WQD display Hope (Osee you there I .:.

The Mail Roo

I have been looking for someone who can a,Ll,t;,Ver a quesuon for me and I hope you art the one. J I"ii;lve been [[151<1.':(1 to Implement a quality program here all Trir on and in Ihe [11'0- cess of creating procedures for i\lea~ilJremenr and lest equipment I noticed everyone [ have spoken ro uses Grmde 2, or better blocks for their m,a5(er set but ~he only reason they give for using the higher grade is

" ... i~ is written rhar way in their Qua lity I'vi:Hug,emcnt SY1jlcm."' ls rhcre any reason] coutdn't U:'-C i-I. Gr~ld¢ :3 set as ~L m.OlSlel' ;1:1; long as [hey were se~reg:mted and lit}' procedures sUpu1;;rted thnt g,J;Jdc ~ b~och WCf\C 1J5crj O!ll~r II S~~! as rh e "M llst e r S~'l.' r woul cI h1liv,r:- them callbrated at an omside source n,(,:lr U~ ill 0.dcr that the se'1 would be (~tceabl,e to NI~;T. We are ~, srnatlcompany and we have ... new ~c~ ol:gr.u:J.r. .j ,md r.c:illly (!In not WJnL I~n have lU spend .0"1011"(:' [l'lOlle"l fur;1 grade.2 set. lf pm

could respond to L~1.i~ i! would be gre,H~y 11;1> preciated and if you do nor J rha n.k-yO~l for your Lime.

David S. Emmons OA Manager Triton Industries, Inc 757-887-19568.\'t. 25

I..(lrn passed this letter along and I ,tboHght the topic was uorsh diSCUSS/IV!., so t'tv inctuaea if bere. DOflS anyonoetse hal'(! any ideas to help ttois member? Or uiouia anyone be interestod iH u;.rU.in:~ an article ahout this rnfJid

Editor

Spring 11998 r

9 tA

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The S"'A~NDA.R..ID

:

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Th.is is the eighteenth to a contiguous series of open letters to our beloved Boss, the t110S( illustrtous and omnipotent Executtve Editor-in-Ch ief of [he Measurement Quality Division's

Newsletter, The' S·TANDARD. Dear 1805:5.:

Phil Paine haud

"The problem with cnmmunlcaticns is the Illusion that it has belen acccmplished."

orko, when the OCUSton ;lrr:h'~:li (I) pwdw':t: a cohmrn in :J rimclv J~.shhmi Hf> j'(H.1 ;ds.(J know oniy [0.(;1 welL we colummsrs Me somerimes s.nrici.::en',:vill,1 i~ severe case or I~h.ill ur.t:ad alis{:a~e .•. \Il.ayta~- \'1/ash ill~·M.Jl.eh Lne-Manitis" (Tr<l~~s[;.l.t('d. "1 ha'lt'n'thc:lrll fmm a t.!inp;lc 1."t;!llJ,t:"r ~iL1LC the last i:o;suc_~~. L lou. W:I$ S(i strtcken. hut ;ti'i ~S·:lt L!mnl 1.0 sr.rrt w:ril:illJ.1,. withoUl a ~()li~;I~Y i(!j,c,,<l{ orwh:i(! [ ~"'I:'i ~oiL1~ 'to ,',11"'11'1: JhmIl, 1 rt'ce.ivc(1 an e- 1,..-----------------------. rna i I Jrorn OLl r reader C ~ny' Md{ibbe.n in iV!nrro'w, C~,\ .. takin£ me up on my oller to Fmn!<;h 1;1mUC dw.:.5 to dl,'locn:il)H of sorne Jiscoun~ 1;:ior)j,; de:lkrs. ~o ~ umenuptcdtbe nouung lhal ~ ,;l,1:.L .. dnil);!"- and scm her aJ.1 <e-mail hMlr!~ a few or on!" I.~Lvorites. GoO{,lltKk Chcryli

H" 1 do have aJ1~ sort of inspirarion tor rhts month's collIm11;, II comes from Y(Jur recent column in another rL~bHe;lliO.L1 in which YOLIIX:'fmed your readers (control :;y~.[ems engineers) for Lllt'lr cnllrctfve in;lbilirry [0 write cl e ;[I·~I}' and wish unarnhigll (ltli);(OI1!1 prehens: on, a~ well as comprehensiveness: withom whtch , as you quite correcrly ma.im.~in. there can be no lucid communtcanon.t WiT!:, taken With the paratlejism of your, (0!l[1"0'1 systems cngjnecrs deticlency with WITIal I have observedin marryother technical fi,elt'h, jnch.ld_i.llg. Met.rology,

Generally sp®aking. far too many tecnnic~1 people at best car/1,!,,!Qt write correctly. and at Worst C6l!1- not write irltalligendy enough klf unambiguous com m lJllic2I tion ~

And " ... here 111"(-: WI::' M~. rnlor';'l:-t~ (or' any mllel""l,!;;dlElical rypcs for ~hal m.men II W(:

Clnnm corumunirate 01111" f~ncli~ Ip:S t[ I those w1110 have need or mHO serVKCS. bur who dn not Irlcce.~Silldty undc rstan d ou Ii pMI. ku ~a r j~w· g('}ll (M.e! rlllog:k:1J.j ··p;ubbledy~ook'· ;.lS. I have he;mli! caU~d).

Many people :11"(.; .:lfclid or emb.irrnsscd to <lei mit [11<1.l the! do nul understand W!Ul ;1 l:cdUloJ.i..l·~i:,'i is lrying In tell them. and JUSt conunue to I'l~~d ,:1" ;1 tho' dl) comprehend. Re~Lllt:lh~rt'" is nflUl nu ~I )1- ir;lcurnpkl,~') (;PIn· numtcation.bnt t~lt.: cnitiil11mic;J~nr m.n 11m realize ,i t :t t Ihl:" U me h~t:rH::: ra lIy hecomes apparent later; when some "-"O.rI (;lor dlsaster occurs dL1C to this I.(Kk ul real commnnlca non iI" lhink I have uS!::d rile I'qllo",;~ng, quotnLion unce bt::J.o[e ~rl this cohmm-:l iormer hrn;iJ1l~_~"5 :bS;Oci.;,u.<, of mtnc IIl-Ied to rn"limain Imlld!y~

CONIPQUMS TO:

LU)I::,NO DI·'JOLWIIlLEV •. \ I~O 'x!m, '){IO:

rso lOIH:!-1 & :' !\N~r Lq~) I Q.s.9fJOI) il"i.OIH'mJIIJ'!;:"J.;;

CALIBRATION

Djmll.'!IIIs,i,p'~:IlI, Elcdrknlllf:tedrmli.(. TortlUe, f'on:c.

MllSl~., Pressure) TeJ!~,eif,:ltuli'~, OiPtk~'I, I ,~~~er (M.lu::I~ine T~t~~~J, S'IlIrfl!Jct Ptate$

nH'IIL C\UBlRi\'rlION j!I-[ANAGEM[N'1 -mACL;,,\ntF TO N~;ST 1)0C1UMt:NT~D GA(i[ R.fC.i-\Ll OONTRAClS '& QUi%N1nTY PRKINt~ !l'APIi:RIl..ESS CAMBRAT110NS CAunRATmN ;\"rVOUR ~'LI\!'!frSlmE

,h,e STANDA'RD'

"The problem with eemmumcencns ts t.~9 Illusion that ~t has been accom phshed".

U(,l,\V ln~e' Wi' :111. nt:t"d moee, arnl corninucd f:"~IUCalion, in r'ht: correct me or our Moth,t"f'lbngl IC- ,tl ~~ all wdl :1ll.d Roud [0 IUI"'t" acquired ~k.[jl~ in I.l)C'.' "Ll~{:. OJ':l number of fc~re.gn 1O'!llgU,1gCS, lllU, jf },Oll <.:.111110[ COf:n:CUY., Iw.:fdl). and umm\higuD\.!~tr Ll:;;~ yfl~lf fir:.;,1 lanl,!:U:il gi:W com mUIHGue ill ;, com pn::, he mi.! hJ!Ciu.lnnet, yl,HI ~rce llttle better rhan an jH~tt'l";lt!:.'"

I{t'mC:rIl hn, tlos:.~, the d [s{: ~I~~ i on we .b'Ld ... k'C'io' W{~'I.: .. ks ~.p:o on this rnauer A ruuruat friend of ours h:ld bee:n t;~ppe'l WFc\'it"Y:II number I..~f gradwHt:' rneses and graduar~~ k'i='t'l tlo'liU papers frorn ;1 promineut unhr{'r<;itr_ lf I. m:l.)' re-quote \\'~ml ~'Oll ~.J.id in your colnrnn <~bnut hb: f1 udi nR~:

" .. _bas,ad 011 these theses, none or the a LIth or-til could have passed @' properl'y ccnatltutac high school 'English Composition course .. ."

rln;'''tt ;mlhrlJ:'!' were ail GmdlJ'IH::'$ ror or Iud :Li.l'e.iLlly uchlcved M3ster'fi Level ac,l(l("mi";~lly,J\Jld il1l'}' wereall wnLingm-~ subjects in Of cJo~t:Jr allied to Merrology, Yen. what rhev were [i"Y.in~ 10 say wasotten ul1imd.l1.Gi:ibJ.c: .Hul ~l.rnhjgu{)u5'. j] 11,>1 totall\' iriCUH;;::CL Cumm.ll· nialt.i{n1, was Iosr. ~n our fri(:n(I'~; opil1ion1hc!:sl" !JlP~c.~ .. e-.lCh of which were UK Il't:sllir of ;';[;,\'. cral ye'Lr~ of h~~ rd work. wercjuxt cul kct im is oj" p.1 pc r [j r d LI hiU1J.~ \1,,"011, h .

I j.tll("$:- what I am lr}'iJ]~ ttl sar i~ lll.i~, H. I:; nut vous. nnr ohms. ncr Lt:"n[iJnt:'~t:: r ~_ ~'iu,r p;l.~· c:~r:'>, nor I' 'of-rnean-M1L.i!lLrt:s, Ilur <;1'lIhl;m-~ de~ti;ui.(}n:<.. nur luruerrs. nor I.k~H'l':', WI r v~'h ,( i tics. nor kHu~rJfiil~, nor .I1aJ:~~ct> tluu uMke our metn l]ngiL"'1:Li Ci Imrnnmlc~tij~n"~, N~1<V\· dnn 'i l'lr1 me W I'll I ~I-I ~ TI1-=:.;..e ilL rnx :.1 re v.i.~~.I!}" impnn;m! :II~ Ihn· an: whai tectuucat l~lmj parIicll~lrJf 11iCHoJO£LcaJ) comrnumcarlons.arc ali 'lhOl!~ The crucial racrors ut oUr (:QITH11lnti(;Hlions ,In; tile dktiolJl. (l:h,e woro choice): the semantrcs (r.ht' (:tlnlpar:l~ ive retauouslups berween those words dmscn); ~J1t:' Gram.m.ar rrhe fi..mmUhJJ1 qrH'1o .. ~~ dHJst:~ words into corI'!~LL ;:L!.l('1 inlclJiglh.le SCI1~nK't',~ l: lllt.: pUDClUilI.Uon UIn: LI~e oj" ~.LI'!'HjnnJi;>;ed mafh..s mul ~ymhlll~ ~.~) di,-IJe ~ IH)M~· chosen wnn.b into St: III t'"n (: ~~, P Ilr;L~(3, ;m tl d.L u::;e:t: h) u rllt:'r ttl d .. rifr nll":l11 ~nR): ;Llld the speUing (' tb~ orrhnAr,~lr)hK" or lilt· propel." s~·Jcqjon and

order oi I.he kLI.,!::.l'.~ t:~msLilLLlillig 1Iw~~ words choseu). It ~~ rlwst"" meters wluch IU:lkl" our c('nlm.'LInicllioll~ Irucllrgibleand hid!" U~ asSU I't: " rhu 1 ut !u.~ been ;Kcom p 1i~1 H:d "

IhJl Ih~~S,:'IS yULJ pO~nle~J out in pmr ;11"Ul'k ~n ~·Ilc: other pllhlicn:lrHl uhe UllK where yuu were rOil'l.ifk:Hil1g II ~<.:t)nl rnl .. y::,tem enAi neers) i1 b iI ~~) l1t:{_"t'1>~;lJll" W m ake tilt: rechnlcal dOC~im'~nt rqd:JI.,Il" a:- well a::. C{)rH::o, holth r'ffhi;1iv~nl:licilty ;md hl.t:~llly_ 1 hCH,; are many otherwise excelleu) ItchnlCli dorul'l1("OIS, so \ .... -rttre .. n, Lila r lew care 10 read, at IC11M read ail orrhe ""'"'1' through.I'lu .. isquite often due' In the .:;tyle of me aurhors presentauon: i[ i_~ lOO h,[)rirl!_plr il h trH} ponderous. or II has tOO many ulennjl1gk~'i,<; t'"(IUOHion:. nr nLlIl1-rd,Hru iIlL!~tl,~Ljnm" or rlu; "Yin .. s: b Lon .,1 wkw urd, Or Y'b U IJl.LlD.lE it. TiW"'I" :! II c. m t·1 111- .rihUh:' I.LJ' m;Jking. ,H I cuhcrwise pUU:::!llliaUr ,f' f(CC 11(:' Jl t tet hrucal doc ument I.C!',8 l h an f!! By nrul ~,,;,L~ilr re.ldilhk·. ¥nll polru ul.H ll.'l;H fil.r to,no rlcn tItt: I.W r hor '~T~H: S In en iM 11C c his nWIl (;:gu r,.Ufl(··r i han III comrnurucatc with I d~ reader, YUll made r(lllr pOiL11 quite {:h:',l'l" lor q uotjn g a lady w!: both know an d l"¢.'S ['Wei '

-"When ,0119 writes For others to f(:t~d, one must always consider the reader, s peci'f[cally in the IJSeS of proper gr.ammar and punctuation, in order wfacHIE<He reading and 'to rnatnrain ·re.8Jd~ng flow' witnout unnecessary interrupticns.'

Now rhls ct,Jumn,"ftiELE.A.RNJi\l(; Cl IllVE, :i:-; 51-lp]loscd to h<:: 'Ihollt Me[:i"01[JJi!."y ~;um~a· linn. ,~o whar b aU of Ihi~ "~'~l:.lr ho:xi~lg" ,[hou({ l,(}ihmlm~ca~h.m:s, ~.h~l1'_~ wh;l~ n b ;11'1 ubour. 1\11.J t,·ommLlnic:lth,m~ i::, wblt~ is ne.etLed tu be learned dl.lrfng' tne C~h,lIGI,tIOll rfocc..."s!Tn_'hnol.o~ists,I)~' 'lIH:y t'ngitl:H·1~~ or sclenusts (:11(1.(1 1\1,(;'nn,-,log:is(.~ are inclUded in me latter) [tile needed prin1!ir.ily tn conceive concepts: ILl otner WUE'd~ that's \10/11\' w,t Nk· 'Lmlogbls are here. BUl, no matter how rwr~ cie n: we m[LY be-corn, In gencnl'Ling conCt'pr:-., Ill;!! ab.iliL') Is V.';!.<;tL'I..I ifwt· l";L'!1'!"!Ot eemmunleaeeaccurareu, iolpit:Uy, cunlrleldy, :mLl utu:lert'I,IIl(.bhly .. That ~~ wi1:l1 t'dllC;;L[ion i~ .111 J1:In ut ,lh:".-dopi.n~ IJ1,nLhmt~, It) ,u::'(I'U i!'\~. Olml 1\7,(;' : 1'1"1 d ~Lpp Ir t~;Hn to ~o I vt' pwblems ;Jull qmcein:: ne\v ~-O'nccJ1rs,I\U 0.1 [~H;SC (anon. reguirr tilt: .. bihl~' 'to Ol!llmUnic;Hc jr~dy, tlu-

Cr.mlJIJ.'J.I..'l:i ~~J fygt' H

~14

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Spring 1998 h

&& _ II

=

Sf

The STANDA'RD

r

Cvmi;wrd {I'imt {M{l/ J Conferences to Attend

** =

ently, .aCcufrH("ly, and t:JJt·Oivel}' .. born during thcli.r ;lCqU[i~ill.ion as well as in thei.r tl.pplication L.I!~!;.r:

You .IIW dea!frt·:.~del·s, wlll notice thal 50 far I[ have o11Jy used the 'word "eduzution."] h~~\'t: nor l"lle.rni(Jjled ihe ward ··Ir:'!inin~."TFo:!if1ii1'lg, as we Ila'n' pointed out bd'nr.c.;. while no~ neee~'lril}' '1t~~~cr than t:duc"2ui(jn.i~ difJiFUli:L than ",duGI:tion. ~,[ IS di.l"t'c!cd towards C()LU:CIHr.~h.:d indocrrfnnrjon in the pertormance oJ ~pedfic tasks: tillCh as ~h.,; operation or the malmenance ofccrratn devices, tilt performance or ~'n;lOjpll.lari£)tI of <.::ert;lin {ed~I,.i,ques. For example: pi1nts ,L'IT rramed to fly aeroplanes bUl scleurtsts .mdlengincc:r-s are educated TO ("\)11- ('"ei"t· the ~,.cmct'il n:;Hni cs of;Jj rtd to d t~ign (I iosc

craft.And for .dl of om sakes, k:l us hope [he rr~II.Ol,S are no less :;k;i.IUIJ1J rhan tilt' ,tf'fodyul~i.m.i~ c:iISES wno conceived [he jctnntT we Ill,l)' be ndiug in eomorrow Of tile next dilY,

E"ULl':;~1, for now Bos!'> , next iS$uC we w~H cI iscuss other I1(mh~>(::hnl(::11 factors rhal should be incloded in ,[I rechrucal education. UTiUJ lllel.1. we wouhl surely tikcro h(":I[" FmIlI) 0101"<.:' readers and get t~'lcir rornmenrs.etc.

Phil Painc!nwd, TrW West Dorothy Drive, area, CA 92821 <lOT?

PhOfU!1: (714) 529-6804 FAX: (714) 529- r r 09 EMail: 72320.].34@cvmpl:Jserve.com (lprf!'i&'r that one) or if you must:

PhiflipaP@aol,com

l\i1LA If'I":;!.f" Boston ihls year. The [hIe of the Il.-:oni'cJ't' nee is: Meas,,'remen e Sden.t:e ,and Me~" sU:l'em,6r't Prm:#c,c.

lrliH: C:ollkn::ncl.:' l~ ... ht:(\~It'tl for Septcrnhcr ~~-J'6, 19C)e, am.l tllr['I;: wH~ be seven I." hour sessions ;in ;l !jingle U"<ic:k (julrfng 1 Ill' two d:i} ~ Joe C·,I!:.lf,ln!) our

Region [ Councslor ~$ll1I;~king all ~he iocali arrangemen ts :l 1.1. d i L. loo.k't> llik~ H win

he:: :I grt_'~H. confcr-·

Wh.en you get serious about calibr.ation

Get CAL LAB

The International Journal of Merrulugy Subscribe now 1'0'1" j[l~~

$45 [)S, $50 C.Lrntici~IMe~ieu, $6It' lnremarional -I: L S, Fllmb) for l y~rrr 111 hlml'I1IM~' l~~!!(!~ I

CAl, L ~I,! brin!Pl )"m Inc: Il~W.~, the n.::" l~tll1()ll~gy lind lh~ !'I~W rechrnques IIMI you need 10 ~Ia}' ;~i:le~(( $Enarl~.ly.

_j ~LtJrl my tllil~~II~IU nn II) C ,~ L \~I ~IIIJh i II me I,ncr _J Send me 11 lree s .. lmpk: i~~lIe

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l'il'll""Ll.l~ .

Sll"cc! A,"'II~~~ .

~ ·"t~

!).":-'I,I~''Z~I'I t ml", CI'IIHlry

C, Lw (;/.;r',\!H~lllfl (,tif1;-c' 111(/,~' ~~.[ 'i,,11 rN •. ~fI. L1')~I.!{J C:llljtdGI}1l'H.6HtD"jl"la\ (M9)UI~(,o2i'1) IllE't'! ~rjou~1

l'h.-um!. _

encc.

There wHl ;llso be :t ~re<cjnl one day ! .. tuer ial on " Uru;Etrtalnty· the: dav I")ejf:w;: the conference. The lnstructurs wll~ l('it: W'oody Ercke and Philip S~dtl. I'n, fl~nhcr inlornwHon .1.bom tile HI ~orl;! I cnm11C[ Ph ~ 1 SI'ei I'll .:H <r:<ileiiLiI@mt::~surerne nr.corn> ur caU hi.m at (60'» 7'\:;·9! ·i,j.

r){HI'! Io rtl.c't rl'"l.'1{ O!W Confer· encc i~ the o ne lime (-ad) } CiH

that youcau J1le~>1 anti I ntel-[:liCE \V~I Pi yOiH' [t:l~o.)\\.· t.liv~sion members. It is .rwondertul opportunity. Besides. BOO,~ml in tli1e e,.H"ly r .. H i~, l! IJ.Joe place to \"isit. So make plans to ~u· I,t"ntl [he Mei'!~I~~I]H~nl Vua~i:lY Di,vb;ioJ1'S Conkr(e:ncC'"in Cambridge 0:11 8eptt'fIllhr.:r !~- 16, ,1998, you'lt be gh1J(~ you l~i!,J"

NeSL 11998 W'orkshop and

Sympostum .

IWfl'trology, Why Not?!l

This yc~r's NC~L W'o.rk~hop wi~J he hdd fmm Juiy 19-1_~. & <)':)~ ar [he Cmn-e:ntioi") o(jeO!l;.T tn Alhuqw;::r(!LI<:, ,\Jew .""lcxi~o, N(,.;~L 'i~ ;1 nonprofit orgal'lz;I~.jon e:~mbhshn.l Lwei Ihirl.y. GYe vea r~. :'IJ2,O [0 pro rm) t e C{;( }pt:r:iH i vecl ~o I'~ ~ for ~olvill~ the conunOI1 prob~"T~~~ F:v,;ed LlY rn('~1$,Ure.!.ncnn31:iIl~ lr.ll'Ol"iC'~.

Topics to he coveted dl'lrjllf!, [he s"mpo-'Sill.rl1 ~m:ludt':AlLU"e dH;ltllJll,l"r,Ke:m.hillt), CIIibraunn. (~llallt}', UUlcc'n:limy. Tolerance and Al~~\ Hl1;-Hioll_AIl art! key .,;onccpts tt)r umkrstandlng ruet II 'l logy .~r!LI fOil lht: e(lw.::arirll~ l)f rhosewhu <Ire lnvnl~'f;'d In m~a~,urU.nllol

For n:gisU~!.[wn rnruf"l1mdtJrl. cnnl;KI the NC5L 11~~siru::i~ Ofth.:e ar (;~o.'\) ·1.- ... U.-.:l:,~JL) (If wrne W t ht, N:HiofJJI Conlercl1L't: iJI' !.ita ndards .L:.LIKIi'atorjC'·~. i WIO - 3l)[h Srf(·cl.Sliiu; 30'iB. Boulder, CO H(}:)(~ I-I nZ6,

Th'eBTANDARD

fagfJ 15 !

Sal Scilcchitani Joins Ranks of AS,Q F,ellows

"Weh:: 011111 61 to th,o ra nks of ASQ Fe 1- [lows, Sal".

Sal Scicch irani, our Division Hi~mria.ll and Past Cbairrn an was notified on Mi'Lrch ,ZOj 1198 that the Board ofDirei:tot's had.~h~'cre:dhim a. Pellow cf'ehe Sociery a e their- March Hi, 1998 meeting. The cirarion reads. as t":oUows:

FOI- demonstretinq commitment to people ena ro excetlence in a rare Mend of leadership that few possess, TflmugllrJffJrmation of people amj enr:Oi/ragemRnf of the« work he haS lUI,· thered the field of quality and ,weclli, cal,y merlOfogy toward tectmics! excettence. A mFf/or mitesione therden» onstretes his feadersrJJp is the estsi: tishmen: ot the Measurement GUiltity Divisior) on May r 9, 1987.

~;l.L!)c;ic~·hh;,mi Ii!; President and CEO DfGa:g~ L,h {~ori'0[.fllion, ,~, cdih,;llion

facility Inc;J(('(1 in Huntingdon V:dky.I'lenrt"ylv;'lnia.

H[S participation with ASQ

has come full circle, [rom the St:'nion level [0 Divison Ievel and within rile last year. 0[11 J national tevei. He joined ;\SQC in 19i1 and maintained an ac-

tive role with the Philadelphia

Sect jon .serving in ;III ~lle chairs.

He beGlll:u· [he '~eu~oD Chair-

man of tli'w P1hilat,lelphiJ Section

in 19HO .• \£; Section Chair. he

r eactivard the Ph i lad e lp hia Section's Board' of Directors which wascomposeo of of post-

chairs :dnu who om", serve as mentors. Under his ]cadershlp fOlU more qUJaJiry courses we,\'c aclde!_1 to the educatio.n pro-

gr:<~m.

With jM,a:x ULlj_~, he served on the M('tmlog~' l<-chnk:d Cornmitre e rising ro become [he Chair. ln 19H9, he set out to 1!":ln~hlrm a cemm,iUt:e of twenty-three members tu become a full scale diY'i1iOo. The

Measurernen] Qu.lhL)· Di'fi~iOrl W;t~ li~rnCJ.etl tn M'Iy ~ 99] and curremly 1151:,> .1 member S"hi,p 01' no rly 700U The fm'n(~Uinl1 of tilt' ni~ visiQlrl brought a closer working f{Jmiurl with NI~T and other i'll'asurement related organizauonsucn as the N:.Hinnal '(~Jnfercl1o; of ~mL1{i-<~rd Labs (NCSL) ,Uld the Measurement Science Conference (Jllt:iC). ASQ and the MQD now p:J:.ty a m()n; :U;UVC' rr1li~ in 11111":" Measurement Scicru::e Conference.He is [hI.: recipient' Df the M,IX .hl}" Uni~ Award which W;lS presented at the MQD conference ut M~"iT in OClnbu L99_'.1 k ~!"l .. e., Of} tnrernational Wrhin,g gfoup~ for rvk:tm~ogy rd,Heei standards, Ali p.re:St:nl he is th:t' Rt'g~un;11 Director fur Regio.1) :::; anti b a member of tilt DO:I fd uF Dir,fol'wS A~Q

\'&lI'd"':[)J;]Je W the rnnks LlfA~Q Fe llows.Sal.

NORTHW-EST CALl8RATION SYSTEIVIS, INC,.

CALIBRAHON TRAINING SEMINAR

MAY 15'FH & l6T .. E .nJL v 17TH & 18TH OCTOBER 231m & 24nJ 1.99~

ALL Cl-A5S~S }U;t~: fl~f.)i\1t ~:(JDA\I' TO ,4::.301'\1. 'FOU ~ W),WS !!'~I!lAY ,'>-!'!II) :s'ATIJI:tUAY~

No'MIIW~·iit Calihrntiou ~'i:y~!rms Dimcnslona] C~~ihn~'~mll I~!,borato,r~' 5100 6m ,\.-.::n~~ South. SUL[!: 1 n 1 Seal!le, WA ~B l(l:.l,

I'hm!;!: ]on- ]~2-~51 ~(~oo- 7I'1-!:lI: ~ Fn~ _ 2fit\- 7f;~-SSIj,I!

~-Mjl iI: t;minnmi@Ql'!ca' :IXIlIJ

JiIE.M~NA.IllI. Cltl RRIC"llUJMl

P,l1i!ll.up'l~ IJ r ,.ll j"b. ~ri!Jl! ui' r}UI~[U~ 'hi~riHi1~I~r~, Iii ~i[he ilm""1 II~'C'l '" deJ]1h In krnrneters, tl lal J1]rhL-..JJltl:l" Ji~1 [~S! iml it-d~Dn:, L~~hpml f '~i~.iu.I, &:Il ~ vermer], h.cillhl ~~!l~.~ (d ig'l~ II UlUI~ &. vermerj, Adju~i:Il1~A~'5 ~Qti mmor rep~ir of ~b0~e i1¢m" ""II 1 !J~ 1:'[IY~r~JL "~lii':-r"i1.i~)11 rr"(1~C'~Il~". ennrca I .I'n.:i 'f"~1 rpiJ-'c. wi EI !~ J'ieu,~_

rUi:MH;: C\U. KA,IVU fI.1rNAIHI ATI~m~i-77'!l"~~.15 O[~, 8'1 EMA ~ L. rou !\!IO RE I ['Ii J~ORM A"F InN

Page 16

The 'S-rANDARD

Spring 1991; t

}c.

Call for Papers

Philip Stein

!\.;':, [) If_~gr.J.m ct lOllr for I he Sc prem b c r ! "i- I (j ['!rUlC' in BH~llJt1. [i'!; time j;or me lu fiL1U .11 fnv more ~.I1l~lkcrs_\W'Hlld c.l,eh ol ) OLi p.lea",,, luuk :lJ'lHIlld H1 YOLIr 1;1:',,(15 ('Iii among . 'our CI1IIir,Il;(II!.·" and help fi~ur" our wit.! else we n:: g.nh'lj;: t o duo LU!1lact Philip Siein ,'it <pSh:::il.i.oIl'mt:a~urt:lil~nt_com> or l:JJI hlm ;11 (6{)9'J ,':n~)] -'I._j for you Jl;JJVC any ideas 101- .1 paper ur session r~)r he i\tc.JD COll"lkrcJ1c(:' in lio~[on in S(::pWmilccf

MANUFACTURING

NIST, CA'M~I Ch,aR Program of 'Lev,eraged'i Re!5earch

NI~Ts Maifluf.t'cwdng En~iJlcer,il1g Laborruorv and the 'Consortium for Advanced l'llhltl'llfaclurin~-lot(t"Ll.aH)n:lI. a Texas-based research orW:lni1::lIion with more than ·0 C J1l1l'1any members.have targeted si i pri )jccr~ for cJtl~er cLJllal;or;I'1 ion A parT.icllli,"l1r Ibc1..ls ot tllC""ie "leVel"ll,gt'll'· 1"t:~';H'ch P"oJl!,nlnl" will he technolnJ.ti~ a I'ltl :o.l:mGt.n,d;<:. SU l'l.r~ ,n.i nl:{ ~c;1IHhlC' !'I("XH1h! marnJfm:I.u,Fing~lh(: ilhiJicytl, rarid~' ~onfl":LIrt' I'fndllotlhm ;alll !1uppon ojlt:nLLiUlu L[) ;Iccorn rnodaie any manujaeturlng volurm- or W I1.:spend to ;my market opportuntty.

CAM,I recenrly launched ;l major SFM irnrlatlve. while N~ T,.; M.:r _ J1[1' stc;'ppcd up r-fforts ,Iumell ~H (. !1;1 biing greater int(,1'Oper:lbiHr~ among equipment, !>)'w::ms. clat~j bases and pUlcr clements of modern manufacturing opemthlllS_J\1 horh CAM-II and N1ST.efforls ndlIk~tt the needs of mdivldu .. 1 companjcs ~]rut the chaUt"ng{'~ lmmlv('d in llt1l .. .milJi:lg and coordinating mulucornpany nl.Jl'rrriSt. .. ~.

f\[, recent re .... it: ..... ' aue~ldcd hy ::I,., r p.r("o . l:I1Lalivcs of'the con 'inrhu IT!, IIV' MEL pf lie [~ were iet mific:d ;IS complementary W ihe gm.l:> of '';\I''t-I';.; SFM if'1ih:LLin~. These pr *~Cl::; ln-

lude work to ckn:hl]l prulutypc :t:md::mJs r or open arch [tectu re machl n e lOol co nt ro rIt rs and an ~uw,olng coiJ'allonHion that i.~ (,1 .. -

~Hilig an i.J)lt£;~r.:LtclllOt)l!kjt orsoftware uppllC~~I ions 10 support racWr .... layout dr-cis'ion); und uiher manufurturtng !·!lp.ilk,nillg func[joil~.

C '\1"'J-1 :Ibo ~'illg.lt"d mil N1sr ·effhrh I() ere;HC a nmmljlfft 1:11'~Llil.Ke Ii.n dcsc ribing rnunur.'(HII" ing procf"s~r~ ,I" HI .. c Iy loll benefit several oJ" iL). research progrmns. l!li ad(l,itiOIl. MEl. hal> ;Jlgri:eu to P;u;icl! ate in a CAM·I project to develop standards intt:'mle-d no improve the C;tl)'1bjlf[i,e~ or dirncnsumul measurcmcut sr~t~ms and r~, increase lilt' rcliab.iiiry 0[' inspect ion.

for more rnrormauon. u,nt;IJ('1 ;\l1:"lr~ I.ul:c.

NTST Ornl'e I,)r lVLulluhLuuring l'l'L)~i.HllS. (10 I) 9:,,"211 'i()..mfLl~k.lw:e@'·nls,-~ov or B~tikr SquIH.CAiVI-I.(817) 860- r6~·1. bsqulc .0clmLorg,

TIMIE

Satelilite Siglnah; lmprove CIOIC,k S·yncihroni1zat,io'n 1 OO~fQ'lci

Those who llJt'cxl to syncnronjzc ~vicJ(!jy . Cr']j;-:1lCCI clock systems rn beuer lfHU1 R hilhonth of;g St,tOIII I have )IllY:l rcw mernous :I\I;Ii!;!bl~, nut a rcchnlque bt!~r:lg dcvctoped ,n NIST'sTirm:' ,:md r;r,c:c Llr(J1CY Division (ltkf~· a new level of pre ision.

Tests between clocks scrarnrcu by up to 1,000 kilnm('ters have S!1DWIl [111m' uicv C:1I1 he synchronized with an ~1'IFnF ::IS srnll~~ ,lh the clod;~' own 'lit1lL''klCepIn~ errrrrs-Irt rhe l':l",,' of the be:'!l clocks, ,._~ luV(' .1S '10 I:!l HO picoseconds (one-I ri tliunrh of ,I ""~'flm11' WeT the nHln.(: ofa dol}' SI~Il'h rrcd$kB1 Is tlcl:ut't1 h}' sciUlti!>L~ ill rndio :1~ll'tlnnm}'. deep-space I r.u:klnA ;mJ Auld;'lllce { r ~p.tcC::CI."afl,. nul 111- ternarlcnal cnorcljn:uinn nHinKk(;cpinp; Sl"terns.

The new me I hod Ilsrg sigl'l~lls from G I (lbal Posinorung SySt-em satellite .... !11 ~l m .. nnn borroweu from lin: g.eoueli'L community (which is devoted to prcctse dlstancc m~aSUf"eJ1lenLS I<~[] E:1nl1Lrn$u:ad of In'ing b;i"nJ on rhe time cude wHismfw.:cJ hy the satelI ill::~, rhc technlqn Ll!'iC~ tin: currier frl'quenc I hy which tht: code i~ sent.Tl ~c currier frequertcy I. .... rbnut I,ono times higher lI'UIl I hat (~f I he Litm~ code: and tl tus can In: re MlJ~J up to j ,000 rlrnes hener in theory ~n f:l r, j n p racrtce • result S "1"40::' n f'1(1W ~ 1.10 urnes bette r than usj ng the rl me cod Land 5et:J'1.J W

'The S'-ANDARD

be limHnl by lht· ~~c,"U!i'~lcy of ~he !.:lo,e6,l. beln !'lulT1Jpm-ed.

Copl.e_~ c)f two r~per~ (nos. J D-9tlA ;1mJ 10- 98nJt1e~j,:ribh1B rhe work may I,c n;que.~ted Iml11 ~;]I ra beth Ha rris, Me· I 0 1-, N I:IT, Hou tder, n ~jo. j.:~030j·_:'I_",m, ('30j) 1I9!-.~2j-, sarabeth@l boulde r. n iM., WW

I HO-rm~~ N'IST S.;mdurcl Rdl;:'l'('!lo.' M;H~ri;lis C:U.a1'il'A ;it1Jcl lP rict: H~L plH leu:' (jO .~ ) Y7 ';.f;776. fax J r~'qut'SI to (,-101)'1) 9'iH .... H'lO Of ~ald~nl;1~,1 w ~rmillf()-@:m~L:g,uvJIlft)nU~.\I:l''.iin l1LH,lU~ NHl'r SRMs also iJ:i ;1lr;l.ilabie nn tilt \X'q,ld Wid~' \'!Vd. ,\r I1ttp:l/rs-rlist,~nvhrm,

STANDARDS

The New SRM CSibdogs Ar'le Illn~

Ma IllLf:lU LLi-~fS audun ;JJ},lic<1II:! ho",Wd:e~ in 1le-;lrJ} (;'y'Ur indl.L'" ri,ll '5t:cWr n::.lr on NI$T ~rarH:l~l1;l:1 Ih:~fere nee M.neri;1l,J.s ;1 S S pe~'l ;11 j ze d mea ~ urcrn en ~ UIO~~. S~~ _ for rna oy in I f_:S indusrrv, tl11C issuance of ;111 npd;;ltt"(i NJS'f SRJ'YI C;u.,.log, ~s ~ ~i:\~ninc<lm ~: vet li' til ai, fJ<l f'di 11"1!i~h e: eage.riy )l'iM'litc(1 «rnvat oLI Jep-.lttment S'/:Ul'l' eUI,alug hy ,I home :;;:huppt'r.Aflrr ;111, hOI h ure trusted sou,n,.:t':> ft~r [he I,urm~ that kt't:p ~~.ilf1~~ 1'1111nill~. sfllIml Illy

The 1u,"Wl· .. 1 edl rlo I:L or I he NlST S~U.I C~lLalog itldI.Hh:::> rt:n:m:ly Je\'d~) ptd rIl;1 [~ r i::lls-~ucl1 ;11:> .h05(' ch;'~lgncd rn \'.lnJ~Ut:' annlrtical measurement ""MIUS needed In ensure eomrliaI.1CC\"l.ilh If HI [rilion bLheHHg Ia:W$~:lS wei'l as i{ II 19.rc.Jkd-ll p em sra ndan..ls-fiuch a~ NISr.<; {~,~[ [roll SRM, which I'I,~ S dHl.ng(~(1 I it tit. srncc lilt' :;,gcm:y'~ rr(_'tkcc~5(n: Lilt:' '\I~II.i(Jnal Bureau 01 St;md:m_b, ~1.tl()PI'td it fl'um rhe Amt:fic,ln l:n~.ndrymt"ll'~ L\SS~;Kj_aUf,HJ i i1 ~ 9(}(j.

Each snM mcludes ;]I plr~'~ical ~;lmplt: that ha .. been well char~C't{:riz('d arul ;11Il;!i,Y-l.ul hr MS'T ,~c ten 11M ~ aru! a C~ r,j ifiUHt' LLLal givt:s llWtly n.i.ca ~ valuee, h andl i ng insT ructions ;Ind othcr deta ib ,I hn ~I'l I he M-tM. Un(:' exa III F~ I:e of an ever poptriar SRNi ~ s Upi(L~ i L"I Frozen ti uman S(' ru III (80ft M 1 ')'5l.a), which hdp~ mtdKal laborarortes rep iJn.,tu.: u U'i! te values tor ehnic:-.tt"r>tll tc~[~.

To IIl'llLlC~'l ;1 Cup1 {If m.e new

Measurement Uncertainty - Measurement Assurance IT

Se'L the Wime,j' 1 (}\l] j5SLJ~ of the STANDARO for an o~;ervjf'w (')rlll.~ course pl·~efl[u.l by Ro!fSdwtl1acher uICOA.~ I QUbll uv Controf Met!ologv Syslerr.s

1\ new IIHer Jl811·.;ml)1 stancard, 1::.0 1 Dr)' 2 pSrI!.. Cor-mol ot (he Mea~'Uri"i"!7i"nf 0'0035..'> .. has mr.',o!'7ell puuhshed. U~t! MI. Schumncbar has wrurnn lh~ fir~! drnh or thrs standard eud '8orked with the lSC group W I\S comptenon I. IS oa:.:;eiJ on r~18 methods IlrI,;,sonic-r1ln rrus 1.0i irs.:l

BaserJ on ~he'Nl1an'::; wor~ III th~' qUill, IV ~ m1Lrr:oI fli PI") o[ILICtIOn. process:e!;. I] lie aoproach of ; I-II 5 cour se to con!rQthng meesurernenr processes also 11S~S staHMIcal 1'00[,;. A prereqtnsne fOi 11,e course, tH)W'::lV~I·. I'~ {lnly iI 'NOT~lrlf:l ~,I'!Jwllau~~e 01 ElI~~8Ilr~1. ,Attendees of rile COLlrS9 will be fed 111rouyn practical examples 01 (;QnlrQiling rneasvrernent processes tro assIgn1nIJ "<'Ilw~:". e1nd un L61lalntll::lS I'u stillnd~n;ls rhlDllgr rnrnl1. ng rm]i!JSIII ,-rrler> I 'eSLill!> to till;! G11S\'.)mor arid mairnairunq the processes Measurement Assurance apprcacnes and methods can 'CIa, .. no :'lJf;I tieing applied 'Q any rneasurernern In the laboratorv In l/u.:ilily sssurauce, and Q;, Ih~~ procutrton llonr

The recuisue stfHlS{IG.S are an unporrnnt part or th3 CCfUUil,; Men::dnYIS!::i rlltted W ~ now rne {;{lnnltlon:; 1m U'Slnq sratistlcal louis arul Lhe:it !irnir03110IlS, BI!lld C(JL.}kbook methods leLlci to rmsapplrcancns ElIlO IIlV;;Illd HilSul!S 01 orhorwrse .... aud sratiatics.

Mi.'Ir,V perhaps most measu Elrn~rilS de 1101 iwpr! u ,e hrghp.M accuracies rnaue posstble bv tile full appltea iions or the Measurement Assurance methous But lhe rnetrnlouist rtH.1!H he' nW(lr{) of the Otlgln5 of <'II elements !;)j m~aslJreml:'lri\ uncurtain l'II~5 lhe iJn8S W~ krlO~'.1 01 anti the ones we mav not il!vefl suspecr=anc t'ow to Ql.ia.nl·ilv 1 hem rl <lmJ ' ...... n6n rElqLnr8cl TiltS cou rSEI shows hDW at1Yollit can do II.

Thn nf,t:q course will be heJd In AUJuQula1 que. NM. July 1 ~l '7, t ssa I he wee~ prier to tl',e199a NCSL WOI~shop an d 5yn Ipm,tu ITI Thl:lfe ElIH:1 I r1 An.9 heun, CA, FebrWH)' 1-5, 1999 f(.:!loWill(J tlu:, MlililSlll emeru SClf'!nC.f' COL..IJ se lfl~r:e. rhe course will cost .$975 PQr person Nith I.:hscounts for QrOUI)S Clnd s.ptlGiai rates I Dr m-heuse r.GurS~$.

rm mora inrarnl1ltiorl, COr:t;;lct COAST OUi:llit~' rv1eltrllogV Svstarus flt (714.~ '(['CJ2-6321 (VQ!CB or la:-H

rPaet1 18,

't

TheSTAND,ARD

:

c"mt[mmJ /mm fM~ Ii N~ST No,tes,

=

OPTOElEeT'RONICS:

IDoc'ument R:ecycies, Mult~mode o ptic,a I Fi b ers ,ExIP,e "Ii se

SiJ1;g]e-m4.)tl!t: OpliGI] fibc:r~·I1_a\'e heen preferred by the OPCiL'U_ C'nmm.uJ.lic-<LtinlJl~ indu~lry for some lime hn ,I Lise rh t·l r ",vidcr b,uuJ ""ielt h ca U Lrdl1smtt 1i.l.fmrm,ni.o'll fasrer MT~himodf, opti'cal 11 hr:: r:-;, h4JWC!{!;;'f an: l;taging ,1 Ct)meback, p\\niCLul:ldj' inlQGl! are" nel'~.I·}f!'S .;!,'iu::r(" theui .rim~ted l'C:ngxh-lxl'uclwidlh product i~, nor nee~*filiilr a drawback M~I.ny younger oplicnll'i.her engin~c rs 11JfI'VC;: spen l n Lost of U"il"'i: r careers dc:~Hng wilh sin,Ale·nlOdt> fibers ;u~ul are not <t~ f;tJDi_Hrlf with rnuhimode fibers.

To ~u:"~p r,erncdy th.ls siruation. NT'Ir ~l:9S pubhs,hcdl ,[ BlbHogrnp11\' of N l.IT PuhliC<l{il,)rl~~ un MlIJtimmLl-" Optic .. 1 Fibers. I~ is lmpcd 1'i1,~L tlle jluhlit:,HioJ] will fjrnil~ill'izl:' hHh!~ ':> t:llgii1,4;:'l"!"S with cartier NIS1" work nil (fu.~ m\;~trnr· Ilt:,) of mui!HmrH:le fih~r~ >lmi n::j:l{ccl componcms-muclt ufwhi.;;l1 WilE cnrrted out ill coHabunHion wlrh rhe Ek:C{ml1lc Iln~h~Ml'ie.~ A.s~KimloL1 and Us uff:;hoDt lh,e,o Ictecomrnuni .. dlirm:o [ndu-\:iI.TY Associatrou.

\1(.-11011 renders of the new hrhIiOIl.r:;.[phy wil] HnJ rs ~hal m:'IJlY or [he rneasurernent probIcm~ facil1g wcl;ry's users !,f lTIulrhm)~c nile,s are kit:mic;li to those encountered 20 }',;lI'S :l.flO

~or;1. Ct)py of t1~I.- bibli()graphy, c('nli'li.Kl :-;~l";1 Mt:lI.,MC S II 'i. N]S'[~ Fluul.clcTJ :~lln.80 ,~lj-;;'3lH, r 5n:"l)i9'7·~ U<l7. ~mc(l!l'J)hdltk1er.J1i~'!.l'Iu\'.

ADM'IN~STRAIION

Smith Named to Head Materi,;;ds Schme,e' and Engineering

La I:io,ratory

t~s:lk E-~nl it Ii-] , a m:;1 dy .:'rO-ye:l r vo..::tc,rcm of :...rISt has hl'!:1l ilPp~)illlled ,,-S ~Il(, director 01 ~hc ag~ncr's Miiu::ri:tb ~cicm.;c and Engillt.'t:r,jng UlborJwrr Irr !'JIsT Director R:,1\, !lCa01mer:

Dab;: Hall, ~t(;tinp: i\.ISH dire~tm siuce Mart:'h 19":1':", wili resume ms (I nUt's ~$ the lab's deputy d_l rec ror.

Sr:UI~Jl iJt'£ao wod; JI! [he N.1liollal Bureau of SwndanJs ~N]Srs predecessor urutt 19t18) J~ :~ summer studeru after high SC~H,l'QL He joined the .1St-nc}' m 1 ':).69 on a permanent hasi," as on pllysic<ll dwmi:5t and liMS S{'fV'f'G NIST in :,1 number (~f key rctesstnce 1i1{;I1. ThI.::M~ incllldt: chief of the P(),lymers Divisiun; dtrector uf the NI5T Prngt,1f1fi Office: aerinl':

;:JSSOC iii ee ~Ji.recW r o f N IS J ; ::Iud., ffi'IT,r f{~Cenl!Y; ii second tour as ehiel oj' 1111: POi'!tTll~I'S D.ivi, .~irm.

II;. rtarive of Nc,'!,' Yod,: eH},. Sndth earned his bachelor of science in dWillislQ !'rmll Lht: Case Instuutc of.llechtllolog) and his chcrorare in (:hUlIisl.lry [fuFB the Carlwlk Unlvl,~n;irj' of Americ;.!.

TII.ME

Seven lirap'ped ,t,Qns Make a Bettler CI'oc.k.

The k.e~! to innpt()vang aiouuc uruekeeptng j_~ the :thi,Hn' If) betrer dererrnine the- fn:" lj'ue.nc}' of the ¥C!-fHS. invorved Themore atorus that YOL1 have and rue longer you can observe IhCTII1.lhe nereer l~h.;H ;lbiHl"'l' pww~~, Currently, rhe be",I' ceslurn-bearn clocks :n',' lirnh:n1 by (he tlcl that mom .. s,p~t:d lhrnugll t!1C :lppar..lus::H 1'l\Jll!;t-IiJie n,llJdl!ts.l$iving the scic nL i S r OI\1~, a flee!li.lllf,. fl,I:1 Jlt.; c :11 t:.I·~:h one,A new tcclunoue 1.:.lIkd I Itt: .LBm,ic rUll!l' l:1~n ~t:[)t~f tn~)lt:5 the ,HI~m:; ~ll;.i.lolh[ up 'Jill! lets them ,1~1,1I huk lhrough UIt: mC;j~Unng ;~PJ1af':lIU~ 'n1i~ t'.)'>lt:ll(h lilt: nh,~t:"n~ninn rirue .l.nd !'l.l't:.Hiy trnprnvcs lilt: cluck's pertor- 11.l:l~ JL'~ .

N[Sr~ Time .H1J l-requeucv nid~i~)lI iii I)ouhh' r. ·Co-Io., i~ :;.mdyi.ng .. ('rmnhil1~ '11[~:fTHlth:c' fMppiOIfi, ~lk ,Il:nm~ ill :1 net of decrto;llHi:gneUl:.: \V3YC'~ ;lnd thr.'11 la$!:.·ll'cooHng them no 11(~11' lhs.qJ~,m; zero. 1, hiS would ~I!~ [ow the arorns I,~ he scruttnized fur milch i(mge.r penods than .~re currClIlly a~'hLt',/ah!c. ill addiri.nn, II",pp~ni! [End CI~oling 1111mr :11, oms ill.~~T;ull or JUI~[ n fe'"", wi.ll l;i.r~·alJy sl:~ng{hen ~.h(' ~iUllaJ.

NISl f1.'se;;ln::hc:r,~ lm~'(" ~lIcc{"edt'd in lrUP" pi.n1i!: seven mercury aWLHi~~ iOll,~ .mLJ exarninil1l(!: them tor up W IOU sceonu ... ;It a 1 irne. This a'!lo'>¥'S their ella r.lcleri,:Olic frt'tlur:nry to be detenniueo ~\·irh i;l.I"\. :I,ClI;.rlCY anl.::1 preci~tnn ~ hal ;~r pruaches U:)t: h('Sfi results yer obtained from awmr, rounralns, i Jopdully, ll'lt' k'clllniq~~,e Gm he extended 10 coUecrion!. of ~t:vrr-.111 dozen IO[l~," so that I he next g)t'Hcraucn mercury ton cl'()ck m3~1 surpasse ... ~1I'I [Itu: cesium tblJrH:lilll'~~ performance

A p:lpe-f, tlU_ IJ-98,descr.il'l:Ln_g Ll1l' won. is UV;! u}'l.bh:: I'w In Saruhe rh nUTis, M'C I (hi, N I ST. Bm'l~{!cr; Cuh Bh}l.n·:H28, 1:\.03) -1,9-·~2j--', S,Il!~l bLtl1'f'lb()I.lltfl.~r;n~"1 grw.

Spring 1998

The 6,TANDARD

Page 19

A2LA News Update

A2 LA Accred its 1000th La boratory

,4.ll.A recently accredu.ed M;Jn,el's Corporate Product IlHe';/!irl' L:,'1.h as the I Om)l!! neccredttcd lqbn~lr()ry. This is. a sigl1lUkalll milestone COl" A21. .. .-\, the narion's largest rnlliti-dhc.iplim:~, noCHI0ry accreduauoo svstcrn. The ussoclarton has expertenced s~gnifiGint .b\tFO\lII111 and conti nues to strive for wide n'cngni~~on o!"t\2L.&. accrcdih:d les~lng and calibration ~3i1horatol"1 zs;

A2lA Siqns APLAC MRA

,o\2L'\ recently hC'Gllne a signatory H) l.lu: ibia P;Jcific Lahoratory Ac .rcdn.uion Cooperation V.PLAC) ;\lllIt\l:11 RecoJ;l,niti011 Arrangerncn t (MltM. "he :Igreement p'1I"lfU"ftoincllldt: accredirarion bodiesin she l.l.S. ,'\usWII i;t!, I-long Kong, New i',calancl, Sigriapore and Chinese l'~lupei. Sign;llOr,ic's of the MRA ;:!j~re~ to re-cognize the techrucal equtvalence or test reports JILnd calibration certificates i;~~lJed b)' iabur:lsortes accredited by File agreement partners. Fo U.S, companies, rhis means they call look f )n''<lrd !O lower CoSIS by having their products tested onlv once (ill the f.f. [0 meet the other countries' [ sting requirernenrs.

NI'ST., National VOIUl1l.:'Lry LabnJ~tory Accrc~Htatiol1 Pru!':tam (NVLAP) also signed the MTr-L-\, M such,.NVI.AP andA.2Lr\ !lOW iGIHIlally recognize each others accr;~dil'~Luon programs

Status of ISO/~EC 'Gui de 25 Hevisi ons

The ISO (-:ASCO W'orking (~roup ]if) met ill (~ellt:v;l ;;wjt7, rland QI1 Februart 2()11l and lid" i 99H [0 address comments F<"Tt'it'td irom the CASCO membership on Dr:lfll ·"5 uf [SO 'Ciu ide 2:;, _\si.gllHk~lnr number of cornsncots were received so lile \'ii,"orkialg Group r-OCU~;j(.;'J on g;Vill~ ~t_lidallce' to rile Dr:lfihlg COfllmim.:c iii collli (Jg up with III IE nexl dr.t ft.

The UrHJ.1l.t:d draft will lJe suhmatcd 10 all (:A~CO members for it vote in April 11,>98. "1'1It' VUll11g pe r-ind l1> pI: .posed to be 'J months arnl comments will be accepted l)J:1C more time before the nn;J1 version i~ prep.qred jl"l-r the accept or reject vote The !Tvi ~ed Gutde 25 has been recJasf)1fjed ~L!) ;1 standnrd.ctestgntruxl a.~ TSO St:md;l1'(J 1702':1, and should be ;[V'lilo:.hlt: by the end of :1999,

A21A wil i t'xp ect laboratories t o demonstrate compliance with ISO 1702') <omenm alter the I;~~' standard is publici}' avafl;II1I,L'. The acts :11 iJ'll.plemcl'ltltion rimetramc i .. being debareo wirhln the accrcduation cornIlllilliry,-...h rhe goal Ln have aU accredhatlun bodies enforcmg the m:w requirvmems :11 the same rilli1e

~~(l£~

,Notes

INVLAP Revises Tr,ace;ab~~I~ty Policy

NVlAP announced ,I traceabiliry policy in a rnemurandum dared january 22, l ':>'96. requuing NVL4P-accredited laborato ks to dernonstrat trnccabillty to NJ5T by December 31; 1996. The intent of (his policy WH' to corretare NYlAP caubrauon lIra(;.e;!lbilil), requirements wlut international pracrtces Mu:i w;lS ~,~,~ed. on d-~t': assumption Ij1M a suO-k,le.nt num-

her or cHMw;;Lrion laborator.es would appllr ro NVl.A.f (0 r ;u.:crt:lI i [a.tiu n,

At thts tlrnc, there is not J sH1'fi'ciellt IlWHbel' of NVMP--accred.ite-I.! calibration lahorutorte to meet the needs of nccreuned testing and calibrarron laborarortcs in :111 fi etds. NVLAP is still faced with LIlt" pmh· ICITII of 11.0 to ensure that measurements rrnule In accredited taborarories are, in fact, traceable [0 N~ST Um i~ such rtrnc 'when

Clnj(im~t:!d al~ P:1-flllO

sprirl919981

if

w

(tint/1mcd from J%..+.~' 19 NVLA' News

d,\..:'r..:i~ ,I ~~1lf:nckm.l.lU11lhE'rofa.('crnl.iwd Gil,;,· Qr;t!.io:11 1;lhj),~~/{1riC'\ I;u ~.u'pport fh,: GI!Ibr:o:Hinn needs 01 I lit· ,~,S t,e~l .md c:dihroti(m 1.1/)01':1·' Inf~ n)Jmntl/llity.J!l1IMP h;~ ;ldnpH."d;1 i:c\.'i~ell j,:)()li.cy, pu blls,llt:fl. ;!.~ JVV1..A.P Pc )~1 C) G uide # PGI·E~9:j. (laLcti M~,rc'h .l, I C)\IK Tnt' rnist'\d policy deocrih(!~ several m!!tllUd~ ,H.:Lrcdilt.:d 1,.I1LH·;W:'lfje~ m;IY ~I!'jt:: TU dcrnonstratc; h~.Kt:ilhil· itv, lilt;; mt)~t sigtl;.f]cam of which i" the U:lot" ul L101HH~t'1'C(1iled suppljers oj c:d.Lhr.Hlon servi('t·~ prov ~dnl. lhe...,c ~u p phc.rs ,~~,~ ~ll1J(I"Hnl :II:t(/ tht" i1Lidi~'i, are Wl:"lI uocumemed, 1)('I:.uls, ln.:Iudlng :I '~llp,gest.t'd cllcckl.IM.<'!re PJ~wj~h:,d in t he Pol icy (; ultl c. (:upi es of this !o!:li ill,: ~L IT" J.1'lJi i t:.J.hk' fmL11 NVl.AP upon request by calling C', fli ) 97''5 -40 16_ Tl1t' I]:t/ icl~ ll1~rFa.lso be dUWI1- i.t,lmkd from m~LAP's flCl1ll1; P~t!l.(; ;H http:// I ~.Il!M _!;(g 'lnvbp

NVLAP Signs MRA With APLAC

Jt'ITI,t"y Hnrlick n.':'r;)j'i.'~,(~n~c(~ NVLAP/,W,Q' :IL til..,. rec·e.nt ~ignl.[lg of the l'l.~ia Pit(.:m·~· LaburaIn,), Acereditatiou CODJX'T~ll[Oll (AI'~Aq Mu· lli ~ I RCCD,g nl UD 11 A.rr',tnJ~l;:mt:m (M RA )i ; n '!'{-lli:yn, J"Plt~]" NVLAP wa~fn tilt" fjl'~,1 group 0r si;g.nat.od~s ~.) llu: MR.t\.. Thl..' MRi\ ~lCl1ifi.e$ I hoLt NVUP ~ t~~tl!'Jg urul '~:1J.UI'!':CI,tinn l[,j_hfl~'aU}ry .:;)LC:rt:dit;~tiDn progrnms have been IUUl1U ["0 cornph wi[I1I~O/mc GUide ')~ und ((j ~ techI~i[;),"y equiyul((m to Ihn~c operated by NA"ti\.· ALI~II'-;lh;1. It\ ... '\IZ-New 1'£in;\l)d, I iOKL!\.S·'HlIng Kn:n.g., SIN c:. r AS,S'il1;ga po re, eN 1l.A. T,( ; w;m ;j I'ld

A2LA·IfSA A(:Lredir;~~;oil hollies, iu r"), more A~:ln-Pacilic 'COLlf'lIFJI;:.'> ;In' member', of A.PLAC aniJ rnav nC;lddecl h1 the: MFA us li1CO,\ are assessed W 1 hot· G L ~ ill c: ~ H requ ~ rIC me IU :..., NVLAP ~s WOl'kjl~p; wilh the i\-11tA partner counrrles toincrease acceptance n~ t~SL rep·(,ns ami c.ll.ibral IL)11 c::nTftc;;~tes,.A (,;np~' ~~I' 11k ·j·ragll:" 1!IU'tA dOc! ImcTlt ~~ ,H':J'iI,lhlc Irorn NVtAP' ~ i I"lon re q 1J~"l

NiBW NVLAP Staff Member

NVl..4.P is p!t:H';t"d [00 unnounce ill.1I /1·1 r. Stephen DoCr has ioined NV:1..AP.mtl will ht: tvorkin!-: 'wllh Dm.Jg FiliStJH in 11w C:.Llil"l!·arion L']~)()nUcwi.elt 1K','n-:dHal ion prog,r,cm. "ilt:'l't: 's firii,L ::L!;illJp;n:HWI.11 vdllix to {;oordlmlle rlw exp,lndLng (hmle~LL< ;Lnd uucrnatluna' prntlde,leY tf'Stl_lij:l pl'logmm fhr our :HxH:·dm.:,d l:Jii.h!1HBm lahoJCJtol)' ("ornlmmi[y·. JVVtAP's t<'!libnlinll J"Lb()l'l1tnrk~~ are now parttcipntinH ill il1itr:::d1:lhor.;ttoq cornpurisons wiu, ::tec.n.:dit~J l:3lihr.u!ul1 l;Jhof.nmie," from tHllt:.r (_·o\lnlri6. Steve "vil'l ;d~p pr.-tr un imporunu role in the 'Ul~~!)~,"el.1t or c~lihldlilon /i;ll'(}!,';lrories. Many of1'VU m;~j' .,llrt:·ad}' km~w ~I·evt:. \"\\"~iU nas come H) N'VLtP' Fmrn N r~'T's pm .. cess M·ea·su:rcm.~I.u~ Division (jf ~1Lt" Cht'll1i· cal S.C,~·c;nc,e ,lnd Technologr Lah('folwry. [.m:widillg nliibmf~om; of '1m:ssure, .Ieak, ;wd ;LJ[ flow stnndal'l..l s, ~

DS'.II Harpe',. !luring Iht: pa~l' few months .. J have-n::ct:iv(~d a lot phone GLib rq'!;!ldill~ the ~tmu:s, oj ·~t ... anll!;l rds, n\'isi()ll~, dC\ldupmcm .. dupucanou, ;mLJ-rh!." unanswerable by ldephoLlt: callthe queM.ion of "which nue is hest'

One ot the L':lilC'n< re('enl!~f answered their own gucKtioll. wlud~ W!:!lt~ul,nt'lh~l1g like rhjs~ "We comply wiLll!\.NSVNGSl.l54U-1 and ,~'e wne mIG! we 5l'iO~lld begotn!!: for ISO HUH 2- l''lIri t, \Wlty shou ld we cha n~e?"

J .lsked lhe a.ller wha~ theJr b'll!i·II1t:., .. ~ obIt=C{!v{' w~fs---.,a:r:J.d it <:;11.1"1<: b:!d.loud and t.·[.ei~r: "'H!imrroi~'C our c..I.libratiu.n service, s'fti.sfy ';111 om' c uS.tonH..' rs, and rnakc more mUi1i~Y:

Wri'W Th:M really gt!lS W rhe heart {_l,r it.

ThHllSGl1cnu:-nt can lead you UIJHJ rha ngi:l1p, , or nOldHmging-dppending em lhe individual simarton. \~/e ha,"e h; kt:t::p in rn:id:);tJ ~hal customer s;;\rl~l':lC[ion-pmviding },OlIT customer wtrn a prod~]C[ or scr .... ice rh,H meers uis rCiqu[remcnts---is wtia[ ISO 90(M series. and [iu: GdibnUlon !jl,mdacck., lire <'1.11 . [bout,

New on the standarde scene

n.;o tOl_l.l2-~I.r[ 2: is now availi1lhle Irom .... \,"l$L ]'11 is new guidel.i ne 1'~i!.IJ,d~ 1';(1 compttrnents the wei I·k"o\\ n I SO JOn J 2.- Part I, <lind t (,15

Sprint] 1998

"AU ~SO standards must be lfiI.,view,ed ev,ery fiv8! VI'a r:s ••. "

tntent is to provide ;1' g:rc<llC'l" assurance of the ;Kc~.rJK"~' of measuremertts made; hy u~~ng the processes dc::sclri[lCd_

lUte: Part 2 title is:

ISO wn11-2.19lJ7

fJlu€liI)' assura.nce for /!Wtr;~W"I/'I.ij lJ(jllipm& nt--:

Pnrt 2: GN idrlliJ U!;IIMc(J'J I (rot (?f measureutent In'T}o:ss(!s.

Nnu: rhat this is ,I glG,jtleUIIe docurnent. kMdccl ,;vilb '-.~hn!-lld," and not "shaH.- Th~::. dl,mge to J(h"isory langLH1~.t: <.;<:;wtain[r doesn't please (,V,c·f}.'Cln~;, He~ardiess. ine {iQcurel.1C'1H is ;1 VEl.") gond ;lc[rltitiOI1 to tne eJ~j;i!ling, mt:.;i\..~~iIT;m('m .:l.m1 cnhhr;H illl1 sLmd,mh com rntHlly used ~n our dtsciplinc, ,l]1C[ shnukl E~~n wj~jc J(C'tptance,

Still 31'iOIUruj and be~ng used AN~r!AsQc M 1-1996 Anlt:ril,:;un N • .uinn;~l St:mdurd [Dr C;I~jbr'iltit')n Srsre11lS i'O alive and well. l\.. ... Q sales uf Lht $~~Hld .. r~~ tlIwl OVCT 1 WO in 111[' PiiSl1 wO ;11HI one half yeLr_~

M [-1 t)9b is;1 <LJllhr:l~iOi1 sy~U:'tHS document tb;H prmrid~:o gt:Lidant:e un twodiftcrent merh !~d~ for ;~.~~!Ur,inu rhe qUl<l[;iry {.if GllUhl:c:ttio',ll~·The: Prugram COl~tro's /!lelhod, c:~e('Lion -J) 8.lld the :J:lcasi'iremelU'A;s.HlrcmCe /I/{:Uuul (~ccHo.rl 9:). Hw,'1 S o L'~g ~naJj y issued ~ n 1987, nntl W,i~ ~'GLnjrm.ed in 19'1-16_ A [(M or H_llks. h:1vt::l1', 1"(',:J.lIy been mtroduced to H"Le meusurerncnt assuran ce mt' ~h()([, tl::;i ng check st .. nda rds, etc., and everyone hI th~ husiness should ht: 1VI 'I, spdJ:. iL out ,'ef) we [I,! h shou [cJ be iii l..'\"(::..ry ('.-!~'jhra'linn [;\l11)r:JJory UtJ~'lr)'.

lSi EI se ~I er

l\.NSl!NC.~l :.r:'ii'·IU-l- [,~)~4 I"imcriem? NMi(JIml StufldartJJorC(,{litnafiou-Cahb7Ylthnl hd){J>ratories aru! Measuring ai'll/Test EqNlP;'i'UHU -Gellertl! l\~.qui~'f:'mellts. T~ljs document has received very wide acceptance ;UHJ usc since; ptl [}I.lshc:1.i i.uX 99',t.Jt was -::levdopl"rJ 1"1)' a stand,mJ1-i wr~Hlng group sponsored by llH~ N~~O()rmJ Conjcrencc uf Stm:u.brds I"lbor<l~or.ll's_:lnk::s ~.jr 1;,i1e IWO yea.n'; uf ~ 996 :I.n\.l l 997 Una![ed over 69fW GOpi!;':>

Wl1:m 's 'i 11i l? Part I 11<1:" felj II i rerne urs 1'0 r ;1 bhar;;'llory to !'IltTl ir~1 irucrrds mdcmnn$lrale competence [0 pt:rrl~rnj specific Glljhr;ltlions, film I~ ~pd!:<; o~~~ QA rH[l,lirt'm~ms to control .i!~CII f'U..-y U[ i'llCOAsHt.ing an d H~S~ (;q II i[Jm ~IH. 1'1,b rlocurnent is o"HmJill;Jtt:d with ISO/H~:C (;uidr 1~, and rl1a~' nndcrgo some changes

.Newho,m NCSl

J\.i\'SIlNCSt Z"dO-l I ~<J1: American Notion a! /iNli'ldmy{ .f<~" Ex/n"l1ss.iuR, Um::erfaiUlf- US. C;~fidfi to tire EX{rre,~sir]w uf Uncertattuy in ,\~kll!s~u,,',mt!m llli~ is [tit:

Am(:ricmized"~It:'l~lun of .ht:: {SO (illid(;! to r~je llli}Jressirm of r tncerteinty in .11eusW''f:'· ?w?n(--tiht: weH known 'GUM.' In uuporwin that i:li"H)[;,norics have one or rile other nf lhc~e' {jt~~c:lC'S,nli! CiUj\~ j;s'\v.~ddy ,1N:q;t<:U '~f1.d ~~s,e.dl

Under Revis,ion

r:so 10011-1: !992, gu((lUy assurance re(.julI"I'Nn>1I fXj()r IW:tISIWhiM ,U(lul/)W(J}/t- Pewr 1: Mif/ r()/ogical confirmattan doT.~lem .fo!'" ,lJ'i_f!(I,iH(rillJ; e~JUlJmumf. Om:: of the ";';UPPl1rtjngT(x'huuh~:git:_'i" )o!1,,1,I1~1n!'d~ for the ISO 90W) ~Erk5, jI j:; 'freqllenHr W>t"U [JY LDl1lp,uliu; AUing l'or l"cglslr.Hlnn to ";Hl,t:' of [he. 1,s0 90[m series 0 t" sutndnrds

!1.'Jks oj' tilt:') S(~U1Jaru hy A~(J ,md ,\1'[:-;[ (;Qrrd'lHu::-d durhrg rhe past couple of ~-oC;'lll':;: [l<.1S [milled :llDmn (}OIJo!.I in divjdu~~ copies. '0 It: standard is currently [)citlg r,t:visclL and ts in uie "(:ummiHt:t: 0'[":111" phase

l have recd\lt:d quitt ~! !l~W qucsnons and Lnm]'lH::I1~S ;dx)U'l the H~vi~;on ,;r this sr'~m' dard-MlC!'1 ~i$ "why is' jti:leing revi~,t'd. IJ\ okay rig!1r no wr'

Anwd[y there arc several f~a"~~Jl..L~:

All. ISO ~t;m(!:H'ds tUll~.r. he reviewrrl (i'V' cry five y<:ar". whb the 'i"~$1I11' ht'inA u reaffirm~1'I. ion '\·~lhnlJ f ("h,U1!:l'e, f~f re vi,,;don, ordhi'or~piJ~g the ,,>wnd urd, Anrll ["It"J[- u:aSlln i~ r I,Q;]I .IXl I!,\O ITIel11hu n;niun t..".lll requesc ;1 wnf~ item on :j particular !it:rIlflcb rd, thav Lr 'IP" ilorLlvEd, \vilJ begin tile review process. In ~bc case or ISO 1 ~m J 2 r\~r. l, both of [best: .~jl:"" al'lrJl1S occurred. BU:l mere :1rt:' a C'LJllptc of otlier reasons. Slnct;" I);iO HJ("f'll P:;lnt 1, W;IS be~l'1g prepan:tI (.lI1d now puhll~IH::d)h it becarncrcallv iniportaru '[0 ensure that the two dl.ll"l1nH':l1ts v. ere U·utr compllmemary-s-rcrrn~m)to.f:lY, definlttions. etc AnJ, in cinch the review and revision 0(' !On U P:II-I I the iloeumem 'hill£! to 11(" h'l"Ou.~hl OnLO line \vl~h the dlrection :;t.:t by ISC) Tr ~ 7('1 d1iH s.1~I.n· dards nrlH:, rhan rlu. IMS1C ISO 9UllO set l,\Trl(; L() becurne - gu kid Inc' doel! men rs rJT he r than ~f\e(jLliremell,Is· CI.OUIIlJ~!H.~

emil I j m~'f.l an fJ..J.gr:!: .12:

i .Page 22

e ¥

F

d

•

Buvinglh·e· Standards

QuHt~ a few of .my pho.necJUs UnCl~i(Je the rcqUI2~t for lnforrnadon OIl .1"10\'/ nnd where to obialn copies o.f 'Lh,e .llD~we.o;.wru.l:~lids, Hen::':,> some ke·y addresses and phone numbers:

f()fJ\NSVAS!Q('M-~ 199<\ISO W{HZ-I 1992, ilrld mal1Y other s!3i1dill\hJncluding .WUil·r- [SO st::l.l[darcl~ d.1l'1t have become "Amcric.mizdl

An ienca n SDcit"ty for Qu ali r)i Box 3U05

Miiw~mk6e. W1 5;'2{J J

Plume: t -AO( 1.2Atl·19·j 6

FAX: (4Hi) 210-BtHO

FmIS{J I0012-11'992ancl [SO JOOI2.-2. 1997, and any other ISO standards:

iunericali NaliomlI Sl;mtl:ird_, I.I"bililutc II We,,!. ·"2nd :"'[re~~

New York, NY WO~h

Phc)]'le: (2l2) ()42~1980

fAX: (212) .102-1 2M

Fol'" ANSI/NeSt Z~j,·iO- f ,t')YJ4, and ANSI! NCSt ZS40-.iI. 19"-17'.

N:tLiJm:J;1 CDnire:rI:[1('(: ofSl;ulJ(j~1 rel1< l_;:tbo·

r:atllrk~

rsoo JO[h 'Strt:'cu, Sl!it': 30-iB Boulder, CO :sn.,o i

I'hvne: ,->'(3) -,-40-:1,i:'9

PAX: dtt.!.) 4.jQ-:J3a,~

More comrrrents or qnc::'1.k:ms;c lA:ll1lC !lUlI" trorn you.

Corporate Meas,urement and Critical Success Factors:

Part 2 (of a 3 part series)

fl·, Frank VOle'" Overview CI·f Critical Success Fa.cbo·rsc The concept 0'1 Crili(:al ~~!C:CC:S5 f;'IClOi'S (O;F$) was tlr.:;,it p0l-m1adud by _f;iC~ Rock~ln (Jf Mass,· achusetts lm,li,(ute of Tc'chnohlg'/.! CSF~ fm any tmt\iw,,:s.~ are the Hmited number of Jfl .. ':;;LS in "",hid] 9lisfactory resuhs will ct'ts.,u:e suecessrul cornpctuive "dvantag..:: in mlUo'r Wtj,ds, LIlt' aK:tS WI1CI't:' thing"" must Htl right I.r the ~ if ecuveness o r rhe ol'£ a n 12:t1 i nn i::; ~ n l'lnu rish. ~LJTt! gre;l.En murkei shart' ~s I[() be nchit: ved.

O-rP;:I.Il!Z:il.ilon8 need 10 define J hreil.:k through (;rret('h) CSF th;H h~!.sl1l't y<.:t beeu :IItainct;.l hi me cumpctincn. Fur exampjc. rED[X LIi~(;d ihe CSF oj; delivcrv lime to at:llilt:'Vc compcunvc .. dvtlnt:l~~. 'T1"1dr strategy \"'.,_~ [0 exceed C1J~u..)mer u.;rt:~~aHons al:1 reasortable cO~:t 'Nilh t:KCt'pUonili serviee qLLnllty Thls f'(ltm1.lb aU.n·wcd thrrn [ot:.'<pa.ruJ market ~hllre and their CSF approach became 1m (~XOlmpk of a Ma(_'rol(')g.is~io 5~rJ.le:gl.

Cl"ilic.;.i.I SUCCl':~:; .f<l:Cwrs (.;an be categonzed :1.<; dlhcr "ml:).I.li.wrin;g,." "I:Ulildit'lg" or "benrnmart\ing- 'lyp~'$. The !Hon:: competitive pres~ur<:: rUl" currcnr rKF~o.nmfLLl.CC that tht' chief execunve feels. tin: mlJn.:-l1i~ nr her CSF~ 'lend toward mOt1Hnd'l'i~~ nl;re~l rt'~uJw. Thll:' ~TlO!"(,

tli1:l1 l:lrt,c (wg:;u'Ii7.ariol1l ki jl1S\i'laf'~'d from economic ruesstlres or dl'('e-mr:lIil.ed, tll!.:' more C~Fs become orienrcdtoward huuh:liUl?, tor

aimed at ;~t!:I,pli.ll!£. the org;lnu7~U~O!'l i;u H per c:d"'t'd riC" ..... erwtrorrmenr. -nu: more rhe or-

g:!.11 ;,.zrHion hi,S id{~111 .. 1 fi ell ure need for I[Qmparl':;'o[l and ~ud:lpmr1on or other orgrwi· 7.~1.lIi in>;' he{jt prncttces, ('Iw more CSFs becmnc ('J.rlentell towards bendHUolrkinJ'1, the (j pe L"',ilti 011'", of u~hC'rs.

Criteria for C8Fs

In !/jencml. iH kJ.$~ fivt: cnterta C1H '1)(: w;t"[Ji on ~hc coq')(,ll:;m: kvd tn clt~lt'rtnin~ which

orgarli;r"ltiol1:

1. Ovrral] rmpaer on pcrforrnance measures. such :L~ prol1t:tb:illtr Ga~]t r.~o'-v, return nn

iIWe-SHn~nt andcompetirtve pw,ili,oni!lg.

2. O~'t,TLLlI rd;UiOIl$hij) to lih" ~u·iUef,l.'(.· direclIf1n and issut:_~. such :l~ LJill~Jit"mi).[i.an.

I nrnurnund ;lll1.d ~tAlllennltion,

), RfhhoLiL~hjp to more rhan Ol1!:: hU..'ilness ~lcLlvHy.

Ik1;LI:!uns-hip m Sl;I!g,t!'S in prwlucloFl1rg;,lnit,ltioll;1!lifc cycle.sncn ,IS imrodm~!lQn. ~rnwth 'lnd tkdi.m.:.".

Spring 1995

The: 'STA.ND'ARD

'i. OV'~IliIU Impact luvol'i'iL'Ig l:1l-g~ amtfL1r1L<; of C:lpmul ll§H.I "t:M1lH'·C(,.~ in rviatliull It! ;H.:rh"iUt::S 'r:!f rJH~ llrgf.!-fl~":'.iljuJ1

nun the CWfpOCU~ level (SF-; .lre c:~rubH~hu;l, t',~ch deparrrnemis eiH.'numge~ llU id~Otif}' .. ~r~J aUgnwi til i ndie, uo F.'J ~ har GHl he 1I$e J to lllbl' Mire: It~ coruriburion. In th~ti W~l}i, ~l corporatewide svstern ~ ~r i rahccs can he ! i uke d,HUI !. ~e.~1 inw the o rg;m i;;rtl Inn 's p~'!"form.ajKe ~nc~Surt:mt:'J1l system.

Performing the CSf Interviews

Tilt: MIT r~:;e;w;:h le~~.m."~ expertence in conJ~JIlCnnn wHI1 tl.~ fol~)rid,~ Power <tlJ,G Ughl ~uHJr of II,)HrH~ ~ (nurl(:1 the eritlcal SHCCeS!1 {ae£01":'0 (CSE;) ;'I_ppw<u.:]l is highly eJ'f'f;'(:tiv~ in ht;lrl" ing execurtvcs 10 d·cfine i heir sj~i1ific;lnl in iorm.8.{ 10 I ~ needs (:-; pechfer, SW(; nd~mil n ,t [1J(1 Vocl:ilI9~O), i~ql(~~lIy importaur.n L.a~ proved etficlenr in terms of the Intervtew Ilml· needeJ (from three to six htHH"SI W explain the rnetlnnl ;lmJ !u tocus ;m"::J:llUUfl on mrormaurm ueed S. !VI Oc';t irn P QT'L;ml, executive res pun ~e" tfll'lli~ mnh~ ~d 11:.l~ been excetlem in terms uf both tlw prm;;f ss an d i i:'i ru::ngnm:ent Ul out"1)m.~: .

Till:' ;lclt!;d C)F int,i;TYi,t:VI ... S ;'I1't' usually CPI~·J~IC1td in t"Vo or three scp:lF.ue sessions, In the fir_~'t. the exccuu v cs !,!:oq'jl~ arc iniliaHy re corded ;Hltl the- CSF5 l~m~ llndcl'I~C;' the goab 1l1'.C: di$"\l5~~d. The intcrrelar ~(Jns.hip~ o r the CSfs and [he goals are then talked about ~Dr further d.uific;Ltj0l1amJ (or determinartun of whri,ch reconled CSFs shnuld hr. comlJined, eliminatecl ur reSI::tlCLI ,\flinh'ial Cut at Inca~U~~ is :ll:$u f;.l~t.r.l in [111." firr'iit tntcrvtew

The ~el(md St:'~ion ts used to review the results of the 11 rst. ;gftCf fh f. :l ria Iysr ha s had a chance 'to think J'bclI . .n them and lW $llgge.~. "sbHrpening up" snm.: tacrors tn adclhirm. measures and pO<S'libie reporrs are di:;t:'LI~$t{1 in dq:H.tl. Sornclim(:s .a i.lliird session may be n{'(:~SIi<l1")' to obWj n f] na.l'l!'lret:menl Ott the C:-; F measures-and reporUng $~qllCI'H·(;. CH,ockiln, 19(9)

CSFs and Marketing Analysis MealsLiI rernent

OV{'r;Jil,CSF" differ frnl'1~ comp:lny ro comparty and from nl~11'U1se.r so ma.nagt::r .elm:! gu heynnJ rlw rmrm of control re include the idea of lmpnrvcme..u and breaklJ'In:mgh:;lS well as com" p t:t i I ive strategy.

__ em

"Next [0 knowing what yOLlI' customers waut, [he mOhl miportara lbing is to measure Wh~iL your cornpenrorsarc JOin!!:- This rem:uk by John R.lwtle.Vi·ce Pre-,S~[jerlll of .'V1'lrIkU.iflg .. ml I'I;lnni nil with (~umb usttnuEl1gineerii1p:'f> Jnduo;[l"i,11 Group. surnrnunze ... 111',_' G1S!l' tbr cOUlpelit~:\·{:· intcHigl"nc~' 011""surerncrtts. iVlichael' Porter or tilt' l-bfV:IIFd Ull5ine$~ Schuot ont: Ill" lin: ~{'y 11IaY·I: ... ., 111 his neld. M ;ltl~H It'IHI .~nmpcdL"i"'!': 1TV1t::L~UJ·{· rn ent s[:rHu=gy i rlvoJvc!>. rn~ifiunil1l!pi bus ln e1>N '10 rucasure and maximize the;: v .. Liw: of i he C~rilhmti~5i I h:u diMiil~Ulbll il fnHU h~ cosnpeutors. If lollows Lh;u a oentral ;1Sp~.:Ct oj ~tr;,~ti:.~Y torrnanori is. acomperimr analvsis rhnt strives t~J Us.c' t:'v~rr jot:! or measuremenr CJ;I[" ga rhered He :1.I"~;lIt'S 11nl1 one 01 t~w ir~Y functmns of tJ-tCCOq"HJr:U(" measurement !.y~rem IS IO provide inkmittati.on profiles on e';H~':'il kt:~." cnlllpCI itor. 1.11 uio much \;york i~ tIOIH' Orl d.;!t:t p~ umhl fig alr HW • the 0 rg~Jli.z:t· tiondevelops the h~lbi[ ofm1t ~LCn!l.!;l LHl rlata, ~'Vh~d1 C;~~ISf~ pi~~·;; of unuseu dat,L h"J grl Jt:' "'doped!

Com pel HcOi.' analysls measun.rncnt hus been (_THi<.:i>r.£'d h)' some r)i'"J·~·[irimlt:r:; who 11111l1k that Porter: ... ~ JisclJs:;.i!,;l.il of competltor arla.lys~s :15 di!j!:'l!SS:I'Q Isn't vuy k<llistiC, ;),nd it woutd be eXIIleIJ~t'I·~· d ifflcult 19 ~;fl ~J eel :111 of the in tb rn~ arion Ill' consjd crs- essen tial . .A1lolhe L' view JS [ll.~H. there ~ been far too m .11'; It i;mpll~.~i~ Of! :;m~regy :and Nva.lr; <lnll not enou~h on opcmtirllJ; t1el;!.it~ and doing l'h~I1~~ welL 1111 a I-J.ilrv:lrd U!1.\1LJ:1CS,~ ~~ .. vlew artlclc Il~ Icd .' I ~ I ~s~ le 11.:5 Sl r:ue~y,~ A1Dar Rh.idC' w ri rt-s;

"Oppommittes to gnin {astirm ettventofte through btockbuste: smrtegic mo ves are rare /1"1 an y oosmees: [AI/1M i'no.r;r/y couuts are vigor end nimbteness. These treits ri1 re ,3/wC/ W; mj~ded rmd always important. yet strategic planning theologians largely iQ'note tnem. Countless compentes in all indus(,rles, youog or old, rneturo or boomtnq. ere ffnal!y learmng the limits 01' str@{egy and concentrating on tecticsena execouon. In a workt where there are no secrets. where innovations are quiekfy imitated Or become obsot€.!~e, the (heory of CDmpetitive advamage may have hac! its day. Re.aiisticatl~~ ask vourse!( if all VOW competitors g.ave {h()irstrategic

Cummul!~l Wl poige- 2~

, Page 24 ~

The eTANDA'RD

--

r.OiiI.lm~~a /nm' J"~ij't1J Corperate Measur1ement and Cdth:,al Suceess f,act:ors

4%

ptar.rs to (J(jC/7 orne! woold it really make i;,(Jiffarencel"

{~iI:)]k~lll1~ \'-::lriou~ klnds uf rneasurerrrcrrr thH.1 that mar he relc·vant-~I.nyrhlng, from irali .. · 'rtIrl.lI}fS ,!lui Hnancial Nt,[Li,'iUcS U) prod"I.-rl>pt:('ifk.H inns <lmJ news ofpbrll construetion-:rnd then "~!':_'l('niqg,.i llter[)!"cl,lng, .:~'m_l prescru inp; the d'H~1 <lei, inlorm:;lILinll. \i.J be u!'it:d tn (,kd:>ioll m,;i,kin~ i$ \'it:;II. Th·\_' he1whm,:ukin{:, consulrurg firm of Micll1'l.d M l .... ,he.rlll·ovldc:o< tlus ob~en':!~ tn~~;

Tl7B most common reeson why iJ'm15 have not oertormed mote competitIve .analYSls meesoremont rEi the pfifceiwnl llilficulty Of finciing the reqLwed dsts. Competittve Analyses are frea-suru nonJs. in that everyone is trying 1'0 uncOlier enouqt: det« to soswer questions wIllen relste to snotnes turn's it? 50urC,.?·:5 ant..! per~anaflfJ~ While it iii; tm possllile to tie $U lIB thar the cane ttl sions ere crJlrecr, t'Ottectin_v ,95 muc!1 pettmen: intorm-nsan 8S (lossih(/;.' increases f}1r;! odds of accuracy (bur one has to guard egaftlst S{J(~nding too much lime- cot/I!:.'ctmg dora). It supen- 01 c.ornpP.f.rlive analysis IS thfJ one wIth {he most tasiqhts, not the one II1lfrh the most facts. The £7031 rS to gnther the d~w which supports. the qenerotton of these insights, "

For measurerncur practtnoners. the h-r to il,.;;ll1g Ihh u.chntque n.f customer [1l'I~ll1'~is is in ef(("clivdy d-Evelnrln-g Brc-;Jk~.luo!Jgh execuIjl'i~ U~'li~ ntH (~lffen,::'i1h;lle tI,"I~' org;rn[7j1lion tm C\1\!5~ -or ql!~I,lhy f~L('tO:r.~. urhen .... i~'l~, we ~:o" cur nuu cornpetjtor analysb measurement b} Itsclf l.s Iln.[ cnout;h,

Sources of CSFs

CSF~ llfC .lp!1lic~lh[~ to ,Lny t:orup<lny or ~I]~ erpriseope roll'j ng .i fl :l ran.iJ:''llllj;i r .~ miustry. Vet m.,flY exp(;n:i ~1,W~ emphustzed n.ha'l ;1. 11l]aO~IgeIiH'IU control HlI'Id rueusuremeut system ;Iho InU~,L be wUored l(l u !::r.:!ru:kul<lHDmJNMIY!::

Ullhw chnj'lI_ Tbi~ ~'l1ggc.sb lha,l there are other sources of C,fl> 1:Ia:m tin: indu_~[r) ~l(lne. The:

M.IT team, Ilt;,lCkd by J~lCk Rorkart, identiHt"d four prime sources of log,.ist\cs-b.Liied uitic;t1 success factors:

1. Structure uf the parricular indu~'r)' - E1.{clt i.L1dU$i ry by Its ,",cry naruee has 01. se t of CS1~ th:1l are dercrrnmed IJY fhe characeertstics tJf ~he lndus~I'Y h1'i!.':lf BLeil C01!1I'HLny in rne

Indlu;tr~' IllU~~tJla~ atrenrion 10 OU:i'iIC etcHH~,

2. Cornpetttive '~l,r.:ih·gy. in1JLi:.tn' ro-~i.Lhlll and Ht"o(!l:lphk IUt:Ri:'iI J-I1 - t1acll L'{)]Jlp.1 m in an ifl(_h~SI ry b in an Inllh'j(.jiual. !o~jsri ca t !~i tuarlon ('k~~ I'm ~n~d hy lt~ hislLJ~' y ;j nd cn::ryen'r conlllxlhiv-e )i![":llt:'~~. For "IU,I,ller o.g,Jfliz;ulon~ wnhin ,ii) lil1duMJ"~ od01l11- n:;u,!!:iJ OJ. om.: 01' l WO 1.lrgt: \.:OIllp.mk':o..,Ju: ;Ictiml (If the tl')<ljnr (.:omp:l,nlf"1> wi'll nfll..'li pruu"n~ new ;~nd si~n1ih:am f)robl~m .. (tlf the :;;m.llll'r compan ie~ 1 [1,' Cql1lfl~·'.I[iw 'i~ 'I~tt'gy fOr L he hUH': r m;~} IlIt~.m (;st •• hiH,h~ [l~, :1 new mOl rket u it" he, ~I:' tn Itgi lll'! (~I a proJut:t line compk-tcly. or 111u\.:I\ rerh .. - lr.iI'iHI ing r<c''>1.)1.I,n::tt> arrHlng \' •. utous prnJ· ~Kt l1111::'<; Tim~ fnr ~m;Jlll co'mpank~ .1 C'OH.lj)l:·UtO'!·li stfrHt:~y i>; oftt:n a C"\.E Just ,IS eli ffC-((:Jli.-e s i III ,lntl! 1St F}' I' osi fion '1.:01" die. W[(' c')rs. Jifl1::fl:"llCt'_~, in ~t:ogrnll,hit' localion :md in ~"tratcj!!.k~ c:m .lead In dmi~I';n~ CSF:; from nne (:omp:mr fO ,mullin in rlU inclustrv.

:,), En\'iwnI1R'n[;~1 f,~lclOr... A~ rhe gr[Js~ nalion;ll. Pl'OdllCl and tilt econumy Flu:ctu,it C-. a ~ politi CJ I bCl(}rs. cha Ll~ .and .LS r ht· popw!;Y.!-h.}U waxes and wancs.cruicru sue(',eSS fJC'l\l rscan al so t'I'.L 1iI1t!: fur va:dull'S j!l:~Wutinn~_ At Ihe bcglllnh)1-\ L~f 1.9i'.~.virulnU)' 1'1(1 ('hleJ t.'xC'cuLiv,l' in tIll' IinHe() ~f;n~ Wl"lrllld ]);1"(' li.:llnJ ~tner~y suppl} av;~d;~hllj_t{' a ... a crlrif.·:JI SLJiCCt:Sf; l:aCl.llr. Fnllowin;g the nil, ('ml,1;l.q~(). Ilowt:\rl', lb. ;, considerable pniqti or rLme ~hi:" (actm' \-;1/;1~ monitored dos·t'ly hy manv execnuves=-siuce ;1cl.eyu;:II~' t:nt:1<g}' W,1{S prob, IIC111;Hjcal ,l!1u vita ~ 1\0 orgun ~7.,I.W ~n;L~ notrorn-jjne logi,stica[ pcr(Qrnn;m~e.

4 Te:rn:!por:;~.1 f1-lic[o.f'~ -Internal l,l-r!_.larti.z:Hlt1n:l1 considerations Clf~en lead 10 ~C'mponl' 'l'filic~1 SUt:'(_~~~S, taciors. These Il~ an:;~~ ar ;!Lti'vity thar are signifk:-am 10. the sut:cess of ;my lJ"tA.anii!Jfl,\O[l fOJ; :J pll.r'Li!culJ' period nUlmr.: 'heGiUfoie lh~y .;11'11:' bt'low the tlrU'~htJ-ld of acct:rlab.~i[ily :~t thattime. As an example, for ;my l~r~ani.hlWm i.h'l' In1\S o.f ;1. maior ~n}Ui' uf cxecuuves in a plane crash obvieuslv wou~d IH:1ke tlW"r-~bLLHd~nl!l nf theCXl"l:Uliv~ group" i!l (;-rill,c-al suecess factor [or the qrgJlnizal~Ot1 for ~.he pulOt'l of time until thllii was accomp!i.s.hccl .• (l\oOck"r1.,) 979)

I Spring 1998

Page 25

Th,s STANDARD

Ctmtiml<£'.:t from p'<lgi 24 ce rpOl!"a,1:0' Me'asur,emenlt Blndi C I!"iti,ca I Suece 55 Factor's

Items one to rnree covered above suggest a M ron gaJ lgnmeet as wel I 'as lin.te,graUop role fiJr Bern .. ::.hm:]U'k.ing in rile compvririve lntelh .. gcnce rneasurerneu ( and s~r::l.1:egk pl,lIming" process, In ilt~ cI!,l'~~iclll form, it is defined as modehng and ruorruoring oflhe bcsr practice regardless of i 11 J 1I:'i( ry.

OnCe the curporate level {~SFsilr(:' e,,(allIishell each pr.ocn. .md ~JepMHllen[ i: L"11CO'i,lr<l.ged to ilLknl>lfy iJilldi, ators tl1:'lt call be used (0 measure its conrrthution. In this way, a cor .. porarc .. wide system of indices CUI he lmkcd ;,t wJ .i,n~egralil;;d i nro the OL"g:1Jij izarion 's perior .. rnance measurement sy,t;[ern. However, a pro .. c ",''is is need .J to nuke IIlL, happen and that is what adlip(ive engineeruig doer; very weLlro [{lIIIO'N rhrough 011 CSFs on a continuous

nnprovement basis .. A system-wide (};]; me;'! .. surerncnt svsrem transforms the service and product vJ~ue ()fdl~' Dfg,mi7.<Hio.ll in the markerplace tn Wllilch it competes, rherebj- helpirw W i ncrease the marker share pOler.ltiJI.

"H:' ,::iF concept W~~ rTf~~ PI,,(""S' 'nfC(J ill [be fl..larch-Apri I 1 '-)79 LSIit' uf Harvard H\,.lsinrss rtc"ie~ tin all ;Jnidt' titled "Chief F..:. ,eUI Liv~ Deflne'Th ·if Own Data Needs." and was expanded upon in a sertes of rcchnical r pons by Rocknn and ~He avail .. able through rhe Mass.admsetrs hWl! ~~t, ofTccb .. nologj (MIT).

GlobHl QI i::l~itr; h,' Rtdwn...TTabor G'n:cnt.", p 149.

Improve Your Measurements With Control Charts

,Rich ,[JeR,OB,ck

Quaff/.,' EngineerlSPC Coordinator i .. J'lpha Industries

lntroducti on

011'1:" of the most effectiv« U$C'$ lJf Stl'lIiSlical P!1f)C~<;S Crmnrol (SPC) charts i,s Jt1eUtifying and removtng (if ,pos,:>ibh.:) special cause v~ri:Hion. A~tlllg with the rrccessarv training required ro ~llppOrL the i'lliti;I.Itiv·E, SPC impJ.ern,cl!1([lHon 1,'pli..:ally includes now'c!~~'!lr[jng Ll-1t: process, idenli:Fring key process parameters fLtlll prnduct eh.1 racterlsrk.s •. cotlecting measuremenr (!:Ila, f(~rrn~n,:.: 1u~lr.:a subgroups, and developtnE: ()1I1~ of control actlnn plans n:')CAP~) However. what is often mrssing prior to these steps ! .. ~ :111 ;m:tl,r,\iis 'of the measurement ::;}"su:OIJl th,lU will be' le!oi.ed LO l:Jllie tilt: SP{: measurements. other than .as;smil!lg.lh:n the measurtna cqiripmeru tn.~I~ tkt'll pwped} callbrnted. llrtle else is mmLU} dune. This article cJe<;,t:dbes a non-

('lIlll'H'd 1.:000ur{)1 chan method use-d :11 Alpha lndustri ''1 ('" mnnuraerurer \}fM:micOl1dul..'lors) 'Ihal helped LIS In c-vall.l.Ilt' ;tm.l ilnflrt..we .. relutively simple measurement .,,"Nt{"'m hy answeril1g tnt: fulluwirllg questions:

• Is rhe measurcrncm -;r:.t.c'!ll able TO detect product vari.uinn?

• Are there operator tnconststenrics or bbs present in the measurerucnts?

The Importance, of Ulild,enstanding Measul'lemenrt Vadation

\Vh'J.l is ,I measurerncm procer .. ~ OF r}le',L"lIfC" n1e'lJl ~p>Lc.:m ;Jill! \vhl' i .. ~ i"t tmnortant to lin .. Jn5t.lIHJ ;1I1U lilt, ntilly i~.s \',Iriali.on. Tilt" ut:sign of:l :1 ·iH,·'!l'H~rCOlem "),M .m (1 'petlc.b on ihe I}'pt' of tl;ila one 15 collecting. There ate rwo hlllt'i'c qy peg J! data. 1lJ.lHely attribute (counts) and variables (rncasuremerus). In the t!JUmv i ng exam ple, varia bk"~ d,l C;I is IJt: .. ing cotlectcd. Simply suued, A variahl.es I~rpl: mensueemeru !1}~~h",rn prouuces n umbers (meesuremerns) am! c:m cncump .... ~~.l stund :lIOHE irl;md toO~ (sudl :1$ n miUUTlU::H:T or caliper) til ,111 elaborate setup .If clecm nk g,lgt'S. > .. blt:~,nX.lUre...~ \1;'i[11 supportiru; cnmplitel:'~! I't are. I.ik~~ , II otl er processes it is l<lIbi~ L'i II} uhe dlt:,Lt_~ of \,':lFi,ILirlll j hOI I comrnon ami Pt"Ci:il GlUM~:). \Vlu:,n lI~mg ,"PC method» 10 conrrol and ruonttor your pro ..

nHjtimt,L~d on p,~g~ 16

P;lq.e 26

Spring 1998

C;C5~~S. ~t is nCCCJ;lSrlry Hi dete rrn irre how mucn measurement variation is co·mJr~bmli'D.g W [ill: tctal process variatiort. H YOLU deu;rminr.: (by pel"fh:rming a measurement ~tlIlJy) thal there Is an unacceptable amount nf measurement v;k!h"l~bn trell;~tive to process v,lJrjation)' tl1e us.t· oL'"i N_: ,vi]! 1,L! i Ll~]"I f1 mpd • uc. Like mn~ L ~l • .u.is,· li.oll 'l.C'd~riliqut:~ rlillt lite used lUI' !nt!.:l.y\ ill'lid !.l~I. fy. me-as urvrn en L stud lcs 111l\'~: lew deflnlrlve rules. ml~'>' gt:ne.raJ guiddlnt:), UllH are 1.I5ed for determining rhe GL]:'IB.b.i1ity of ;! measurement process (these guidelines can be- fgllrl~j in rhe fl, TJ\G ,~if.(Hf!)Hrf3num$ Systern A l!Oh~:sis .... !orkl>rJnj.;:1n(i Et!ldWll'inS 1'1),", "Hen, S [O;(! ment Pri.)f.-Y:"~' by Wheeler :1.11<1 LydiIY),

Therefore. ill order 1.0 improve ;:uilr manu, f')LtLll"IH~ pl'Oce$S it i:~ ':~{lvj:!,;!lJk to ~r51 111,akt' ~;l1re thar YO'Llr IlIU::asun::mt:'nl s.y~,t('m IS net con!"ihll~ing too milch variation 'to your (Wt'r.!l1 ~"'iLr.ht[on_ orhcrwise YCll! "",HI. unable to COrrenly :lna~}'7;c and m~ mitnr what YI.rm r)II;·!X:e.~" Is actu a Illy <.In i ng_ ! n recent ye arx, uncle rstarulm~ .md rnhu..::ing njCI~lln::rne:t'l[ v,tr:ianon 11~IS become an importam topic, .c spcdJlJy;l~ rnorr producuon ·np(:F.Hnr,~ are!,:i\'cn rhe rcs:p(}lb~'· biJ ~ly of controdl ~ng their own pr()tt:,~sl':s rttrougn rne use of ~PC measuremcurs.Tfus move toW,~fds self h1s"e<;;t:](m anrl p~roo.;c_~s con[roi~ .n::'qliir~ th;lJ uper- .. sors W!'U1 IHUe ur

~(Cimim~ f~'from r~Jg~ 25 ~Imp rove Yenn

1M ea'SI:J reme lilts with CO:liJltrol' Charts

no experience lak~ measueernerus on key product Ch:ill~!C't~r'js~i('~ K.nmving t"'e (~~J10lhiliL:y of yout measurement ~yS[dll prlor ro the illll'm:luction of !\PC techrnqucs wl~1 Ar) ;J lo flfi': tl;"',ly' U ''''''''-1 r-d~ Old) i evlng .:fft'niv{' p ~'()()t;!lS CO.UfO].!:!.

Descrilpt~on of the Grinding Process and MealsulI'ement Svs.tem for Producing Silicon Wafers

Succ:t:s.~J'[lny producing lugh qunlltvstlicon waJers is :'I.'L she lle.UF! of the ~t"ll1ic(mLlm:!or indll$l!)'. W:.I·:er It:lhr:lcfltio.ll il1r\'uives :L compiex rmce~s of rnanujacru ring, stc[I." rhar r~ql1~n: man~ proce.~~ COI1·1.r-ol P!~itH~, or 'ilo,·hkh wa1~r grmd~ng i,~ lu~1 ornc\l(I'Mi;T lhicr.. iU:~~ not !l~11}' ;jne('t~ the elenrical characlI;ri:>llc\ nf I he I:'imd pmdl!Cl, hUI ~XC!:,!:>~.jV'c 1.llri.Lk.ne~s variation can cause havoc wrth the ;l~semblr n.roCi;::~~ for such operarions as wirE and bHH bonding. Therefore controlling the Iln;]j thickness of a silicon wafer grUHly <if reus 1'1':5 ov(:r.U~ qU~lLi ry.

n OlH' opernuon. fUlIlf l:>.iHcollu wafers (a !;ii'incLnJlg: run) :lJ1C RfOl.ml down {on ;J four pD~itiClll grinder} to .~I firl!illhic!.::ru::"'~ dhnenS~(l.n or 0_0 l,) ±() 002 inches, Because \V""~t:r rhicknc ... "i is considered W be fin ijmpOm~!ll

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Albuquerque, New Mexico). OR _ ..

. ,. Q;li'Ie<llF'ld a hair day sem.irrla:;,emly ('11'10' soUw~re): $395.00 on July 23' and 24, 19980 followillgtbe t9iOO NCSlln Allbuq[jerql:1~, Naw Me~icg, This $395-00 h;f3i can be applied by se!llin'lJ

." UG ndees lliw,:)rd I he purch ass of PMAP~ So f!wa.re through [}ecemtier 31, 199B,

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"The'STAND.ARD'

prod un charncteristic. till:" process has been IiIrg(,·tc.;al fi ~r SPC rnont~:orin,g ,mel the quunry cngineenug uepanmenr $u~ge~tell d.)at a meaSUI'l'11lUl1 StlU(Jr be done prior to SPC uuplerm-ruauon.The measure rnrnt gJ.gl" cUllsi~f~cI of :l di~it:l~ lndicatur with one ten-thousunds ur all im:ll rl~:'lo!lll,iUL1 mourned to :1 ceramic llas(.'111:l!c.\ ,'r~x-i.1l1r Jesj~neJ pin gage w. 5 rruchtned m help h'I<_:.atc and measure the ccnIn or ~U(_-J1 w:lkr Ii It il'~ thi('hll~''''~ dil1h::m.iol1 u,t:L·I1~un.:: I ),11l~ measuterneuts :W.:' reu_Ul.kd in untts of U.OOO I ~ndn:."i with the daLu coded !>t,) tluu D-oon J = 0 1 thousandths.

The M,easureme·nt Flowchart

,f';. fl'o~\'ch:ln of 1-]-11:: measurement process used IO·r mkiblA the uucknesi mC;!SLlI' mcnts was .onstructed (see fi~llr' 2).Thc flowchart pro \·idt' .... ;1[1 opcr:uitm:l[ d'.!fi.llhlon 1..11:1 how to rake

the rncasurernents ;1I'H.1 will help lU assure COI1-

~i:,,!cllcy among operatnrs, in r;mJc~gl:lr those who luck expcrieuce with lakbl~g "~.":i:lhk lyre tliu,I.TIht:· measurement nO ..... -ctrart j~ also LJse~1 ;'I~' ~I tl";Linill!!f, aid ~hr new (·mrlo)'l'Cs. ( ~U1ly Ibn ... 1r' operators whu 11:llV-C" heel; pmperlr I r.litl~tl :Ir,c.::

;,1110 t:'d tn take lilt: measurements fm' [h!tSPC Figure 2 Wafe-r Thickness MfNlsuHfHlHiml

("nr.oJ:ltw,·d ~"Om rdf/' 1(j Improve, Your Measurements with Contrcl Chans

\

11

Ceramic Surface Plat:-j The Measurement Gage

Figure 1. The Wafer M:fi<lSUrement Gage

USling X .. bar and R Control ,Charts to Evaluate the Measurement Process

Three s.Hj"COH wafcrs From on n:: ~rlnd iLlg r LIn and ! h re c npe rrunrs Were selected to tnk.t:' p::trl i_the measuremcnt study. Prior II! 1:11\· i 11~ th t' i h ickucss

[ Pt::-s~ioyJ~

'iruc'1tJi 00f'!~1! \ conrcct poI~r aI I~e c!o;;rttalmrJICalar

,- '1

,

1

lZero oUllndlcoirlf gagE I 1,j;)lcr In.! .hoJi::f b9

I clJ£Je D,;f-:ll~ ~h

11!.~ul>:i~l

./ ;,,~-.
<,
-' _- U:>I!S 11"'0)111(11 ....... - t'liO
[<;;)(t;1, II rsn:1 /-/ . ./
"" 1 ' r.r.ro~ uu Ud~a,.,tJ ~id", -...-erm mderccnlcrcl !}Om Cefller ..... ole.

r-----'~

1~;0fi1

e::lngC'c1 into nine subgroups ofsize rim:t':lnd ;I }:Alar Uurcrngc::) and R (Range) chart w .. s constructed (lSce IlJo;un: 3)- Each sllb~r'()lll~ contains the repeateu measurements from each ~ :tFer. Based 0'11 this subgrouplng !iCh{!IU~. rhe varlation wit-hill the subgroups represent measurement l"t.·pcalabill-ity .,m(1 ~~uw"!; YI" on th~' It d'Hln, wt~i,h: [h~ X·hr.u: cha rt re present ~ product :;}H(I III cO] sun:p I en [ variation 'nmbinC'C1 flee,IlI!>!:: of the \\'<l'~' "IlL: data arc subgrou] ed, the l:t chart wlll detects operat nr i nCOI1SiSI t:11 cie s.Any", lilt n f com rol" flUi 'Is bhulill'll}(: inV!e~tlgal~d fur their a:.signable cause The cuntrol limits on the X-bu chart define lilt" true measurement error of

measurements the wa- the process and Lhcn:'Core, [he more ~OLlt oJ

fer!> 'W,CI'C marked with coutrot" uie control cnart J§., the beeaer the

SN[,li: numbers for sdentificatton purposes, i;,ICh up · ... to r rnndorn ~y measured the center of each wafer three limes fur a total of nme I1U:asuremerus per operator rsee rable l _ The recorded data were :lU-

HJe'~~'jLm':'ment pr()cc~s is· retanve to d-c:u:C~· irn~ product vanauon (Signal to noise taciu is l1i~h).

IIlterlPI1'8tation ,of R.esulits

Thegra ,d averag . 011 [11 X-bar chart is ](>.1;(i with rhc. centrol lin'lils at 16_ o:ij,(l {Lpper ontrul umir) and 1:6_02 (Lower Control UmH)' T11e aver,lSI: ra Ilge (I( -bar) is 0.1.3 wl th (in: llCL ,t~ 0,60. Th~r·e is no LCI.. on rhe rJllgre

C ontm~i,d t:ll'l page 2R

Pilge 28

Spr'i ng 1998

cha rt for <J .~;l m pk :"lZl: or [II re{' , Tne IIr~[ ~ hml!!~() nonce iI~H)Ul llll' eOIl i.rol ch urt is, tile si m ilarlh' of LIt(:' p:mul1 or the ml'~]· .. uremeru .... 011 Lll.e X.!~ar enarr P:·I!-;IIlL~l rHLU::'fI,S lI!di<.'Jl(: that t hcrc i~; 110 !J;J.N W measuref1,C'L1'l i n reract LOll'" ,md rw d~. E eC-l,llrll't' d [fft' rUl~'·t:>; in l he In'rol I) t" I he !TI f':1$Lllfr'I'11 t: n t ~ be L ween nrem10n (QpeWWf hl~!l'd. If pn· n:mi:;~1 upC:f(llor ~() npf:mlor 11Hl~ extsr, :I ~.pC'ci'·11 ctJlHrni ch:lr:l merhod ,C.Ii II e{~ ~,I 1~1;1 i n -,' fft ct c ~ iart.can hoe used m de rcrm ine if l h i,~ b.~as ! ~ 51 o1IHSli.c.ail)' slgrli 11· cum 1"]1.. R.mg,e c h;l.rl shows an

nu( of control point for operalor '1\' h was ob~cFl;('d L1Llr.in:~

! ~mIfinN.!·fl fmm VI!/, IImprove y·'our

M eas u reme nts with COl1trol Charts

Opercltat Port No, OOlll Ot1.s2 Obs3
;", 16 .. , 164 16 4
~ 15.6 15.9 157
:3 16.3 16 . .6 17.0
B i led J 6:3 /6,3
'2 15.7 15,9 15.7
3 10.6 16.13 166
c I 16.·;1 16,5 16.4
2 15.7 15 7 16.0
.3 16,6 16,7 I.tL 7 I D . .tI
~ !
16.6- \ I I
I
.- I . UCL = 16,9:)
16 ·1 l !!Ii
'~ \ Xc:: 16,26
ro.2 \ I ~ ! \j--
160 --.J • '« tel = 16 02
\/ \j
lS.H V
X"Bar
(J,~
•
C 6· _ / UCL = 0.00
0.<1·
~ /' ~=O23
.:
(J,~- / ,,-------.' ... ""
f
• /
0,0· i Fiqure 3 -- First Study

Operolor fad No Obsl Ob~:2 Ob$~
A 1 16,2, 1" 3 ',6,4
2 15.0 1.'=.,9 15,8
J 165 16.6 167
re 16.3 16,3 163
.J
2 Ifo.7 ISQ 1:5,7
3. 16.6 16d:~ lh6
C 16.:1 165 ~ '1.4
2 1.5.7 IS 7 16,0
,~ 1 t.,foo 16.7 16,7 ~6 8·
16.6 •
16 ~ ~'
le2
160
15 B
o.a,
0,6
o ~-
02·
~
IJ U· LeL 16.01

X·Bar

o HI

Figure 4 .. - Revised Study

~lJK·.,tud~ ~l'~~l operator 'A' ~md not l.cwnl out !h~ d~.~il::d huJic.HO'L' priM W 1:lkin,g; efidI measurement as !'e~u~rC'd per ~hl' measuremPtll1 J1 o wchart. i\rL~r:4nmeaddH~u'l1:a I IL raining. this nprr.ator repeated hi~ pm linn uf rht" SHiU)· ,lind []] eSC' dm:l ~~'C!"t' ~ul,~stiltlln1Ihr 1 h:H ,)1' rhc nriginal ~'LuLly r~('~ tahle ..:). 011 !hl fC\'I::.;t:u cornrnl dm,i t nglm: 4) the gil,H~d ;1 \'. er,[W=' i~ L 6 261;\> lth lht: UC l. .u 1(1.'I.;i and !ttl(: rJ,;t ill 16,Oi Tlw H.-bar is O. tf! \lV[U1 (I.lt, V CI. M U -i 6. The: range ~ art' now in C"onll:ol wlth aU the QP(:r;:ltor~~ l!~ing. U1C: lil:l.t:"S~IIrt:mens system in a conslsreru ,Hid stable m;m· n~1', By WCFl;ti fying the "ou t 0 f ccruror" 10m gc from ~he dara, it ~av,e; us an oppurtuni tv [Q inIDu"'dbu:~y smprove [he measurement .systern by teClllcifi~ operator il1luml>i~Lt:'m:ies. Th.is can be seen by comparing both con[roll charts (nf\un:~ :j 111'ld -it NUlin' ~hal by impru\'ulg mcasurerneru constsrency, [he

[I Spring 1998

Page 2911

z;:;; ..... ;;c $M

tiM 1tt?ff

''The STANDAR,D

H

Cv,'Umlt!!d/roll,! p;1g~' 28 Ilmpmve'Vour Measun!!menl:s wirth Cont:.rol Charts

mean on the range chart has Ihcen reduced from 0.25 ro O.18.Thi~, in 1L1rn narrows the control iirni~~'O!1lhc X-barch<"lH w'hlcl'l aIJI)W.'i us to belt'eIi detect product varration. Illt' Xbar chart shows that tilt: measurerneru pro(.:1:&.5 is quitc c':.rpabh: of detectttig fwodncr .'lrbhmlfhis j,s n:]d;tT~t by comparing 111t' whhb of the runulng record to rhar of the corurol limits. BeGwse 'most (two-thirds) of rhe d;~ta points ,Iff' outside OJ rhe corurol lim~ts, and because these poilnl~ represent prorJ~~';;'~ v;~.d,1t j () n, lh~ rneasureruen t process can he censidered G]p.ahl.c for tl~~~M: Ihkknes.s rneasuu'mcnrs.The rneasureurent process and b\ cap,lbiHry can he furthered charnctertzcd hy CJI cularing other starlsncs such n~ the Di.)i· !:dmimuion Ruuo and Ill'ltr;ilcl,l~:', COI'IJ1;'I;~ti(}n I.ud lici('"nl a~ c1e">cribed i r, Wheeler .and LY([i1r

Summary

St:',,-cmy yt::J.r~ after [heir iIHrotJlU,:lfiull. S~.;HjM ical Proce;"s COIllU'O[ cliRn-b are srlll the prem icr qm1ity 1001 used by rodays ql~:1n[y pITJlf'~sjmJals.! b\:,i,i,eve t.he reasons f(:J,I'Il"iL'i ~~I::\': clear, nrt;t.. llIty are re!;uivfQly e~lSr m lise 311:lic.:lliJw!cr.sl:dm(i. This i,s C'ipeC,i:!lly true wHh thee widespread use of SPC sotrwnre arid the

number ofSflC ~r;Jil'Jljn,!cl CLJu.t,~e,~ :mc1 :;~mil~al"s nude' ava~bbk by d iffercrn :cq llJllhy 0 q;:t n tz a ti OIlS arid corisulrtng services. SecolTluly, thc y can be ;~plPhul LO so man) d rITt:'rem and unique St[tlairons. A~ l he concept of Ma,[i$liGl1 thinh:.Jn,f!, becomes better underssoor], suutsncal methcos such ~\S control charts wjll become even more popular, Using SPC Cb;lrt_" [0 understand and impr-ove four measurements is jU:M another example of how these versatile charts can be used ,\lII :,Iil infinite number of real wo rl d a p p lica t io n s for todavs busi nesscs,

BIBUOGRA.PrHY

Wheeler, Donald J and LyddlY, Richard W"El'a!lIallllg The ,.ll[eosuremetll Process" (Knoxville, Tenn. SPC Press, 19B9)

N DOW

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!'L A!.lItl-ll"1<!Itlol:1 ;;B:I1~~; Urnl;!, hfl.1;rea!S~~' p,a.I1L1oCtiIfiLY and erLC'itln.'1> cost e1YectiV'enesr.

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20~ VI 1-IIIJ"j]II,,, p,:;'. I ~~I.· (:nl~"'II~ Pf< 1 !i8Q I I'"~" .. ~1~.234-7~?? f 1", ........ 1 ""lm~~@~I>III.~ OQrn

Page 30

'-he 5'IANDARD

SprIng 1998

Member Survey Results

\Ve published a Mcmbe r Survey Form tn Our WilHn r,5U-' and ,I gra.~ifying number of our members responded [0 onr pie., to fill it in ilrld send il hack. \Xil.ti~,c:, we haven'tcom plered om aCla~rsis 01" atl, ol the survey results, we thoughr some preltrninarv tabulations would he of interest II) vou, \'lie were p:II'tictll:-trJy lrneresred in how 1'011 felt about our cOllfert"11c<,: and \ IUt we could rill LO improve them in the' future so more of you would attend.

The (j !lowing histograms show the results of "orne of the key qUC:1 ions from thin survey.

TIlL' ~CJdt: is as mllow<;: , = Sl'fongly disagree 2 == Disagree .3 = Nt~ill1~ agre' no disagree II = A.grJ;leG = Str,ongly agrL3e.

'fll,e Ii rst set of q uest LOin s refe'rre,d to yo u r 9,xperie I!1CB'S a,t: 0 U Ii" Measurem,ent 'Quarity Ccmferenc'8'_

I. The c(lnil"itJ"tI1Cc met my needs

·1 J 'L. _

- 'J ] .1 I: ",

2. 'I he Con terence 'VV;lS at !I}O high a r~dHIIC;]I, level.

.3. J wanred more informar ion about standards actlvlrics.

~f I[ wanted mr re a bOLU setting 'I rl n n

up a ab llu

I ~ , i

t.~

1 J. j J 5 .......

R. Uaj[llers{)'lJrgJN.I">T is a conve- '1

!HeM place 'I n meet. .

I l , _.,.

The se cOin d set of q uesti [) n50 a's,ke d why you did n"t aite nd ttiU~' September 1991 conterence.

I. J wanted to ccm,t;: but my em- "l

V,loyer would not sponsor my :' ~

p:lrrkiratj~)ll (or other finan- I' :

Clal or OllSHlJ!.::S_ reasons).

I ~ J ~ s

I ,_..(:f,T" _I

The third set of questions asked YOILI 'to te,1I us about YOUf' opinion of other ,fi'ctlvitli es 0" th e d hlis len.

1. T,IH:~ STANDA.RD newsletter meet my needs,

~ rlH' lnrcrnct wcbslte: or mall- r..~ ~

ing h~1 art' ~I~dl.ll

'''1.. uD

1 ~, .:I J .",.".. ...

Spring 1998

Paqt: 31

I

ril"i:::Y.h-:X;l

(), [ill11\Jlt,ere, ,~{ed ln I11Qrt: Ubl1UL ,·t r,1 ~ "

[::0 9(H~O/VS 90LI~1 mtl.mh.lgy_ n ~

I 2 J ~ ~

7. II ~un ifHt'.re~led in more about pmfesSionai I1crw()fking and r;;mploymt'IU oppontlnlties.

I 1. 31 ~

.... ~. ~

8. J nm lmerested in more about t'"d~IC'It..i()W:i and ~:mil'ljn!<l,

lJL

9, I ,lm mter("sLed In m,!::tmlug~~~t ,('enlfic::Ltion IWo[;lI·,lms.

I ... I • - ..

i\.s you GUll see w,e'w: ulrcady gCHrcn a kH of tnformat ion from OIM' Si.~r\"(,:y berrt is nut tnL) tau, to ;I~hl your input. Dif: out yourccp'y of the 100.sl newsletter amI serll:l ~n yrmr survey to(br if yOl,i hOl,ten't :~ll'e~dr done 5O.1f"""1: h::aL.! a larger sample our d;ua would beeveo more :i1~t:.anillg.· I'Ll! Mid help U6 to make even berter dcci~if)J'1.~ on whar 10 dn fill' our member .. hip.

Mes,surement Rel'iability:

A Iutoriel for Beginners

Qr;aham lJ.un.n Bios:tatistics ,Group

Sc.haol·O.f Ep'ids!miologyanrl He'll.lt'h' Sciences University of ,1l11anclJfJst.fj',r$ffJ'/JroFdBuildilJ!l

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MaIJchestel'M13 9Pl; ,u~«~ ema'll: g.Gunn@man.ac.p,k

Part 2: Ana,lysis of Variiance

lntrod UGti 0'111

Inthis short article we will be concerned W'~th two aspects of-.~ 5cl-C;lUeCil rdiabilit)' srurry: (;l) the use of ANOVA nLt'Ul(Hl.~ to e',sUrIl:L'tt: reli~ibj.lH)· coefficients (rntril<lass, correlauons), ;J.nd (b) Ille adaptarlon of ANOVA approaches to (.I.1e measurernem or agreement between q ua ht"3tivJ;; [mi figs (k~l rlP,l sra us: ics). The [;, t-

te r is Q f partie 1I J ar in re fest in theccn text Q f binary or ,orcHn,tJ ,1TH:aSUH~~,

The example re .. visited

The fo~.~OWj11E. dutawere i!1!rmlL~ceJ in F~w[ 1. "J!".ht"y were taken f,,·mn an experiment in whkh lh~~ h::ng~h~ of 1; pieces of string we re estimnted to the nearest 11 I rlrh II'II,ell rDunn, 1989). Gmlj"etrMi Qn tUf{!t' J~

Cmdmud /l"'VHl !}iJ..'l,~ rr S1rir.ljJ l:!it (iu~'S~ In!:t ~uass [J,Herence
A 5n :J :- J"
.)
a J .: J 5 <..1-1
L J6 n, ~ ,If]
D , I t ~l o.u
r dU ~J 1 , I
I 2~ d (ll
I, ) I A J I
I- ,18 il 7 f"ll
I 1..! ~_.J (J I
5.2 'Jfi _(1 f!
~, !~ 1 , () I
I I ~ i a n o
M "' J{j u}
;'~ s o 62 o.~
n ~ :i , .fll Analysis, of 'Valriane,e (ANOVA)

The d.lI:! from a t(',~t-r~t~'M locHi!hilHr sHIrl} CLn he M"lill) £I;"~I throL.iJ.:h ,!Il: U,5(" of a OIlC',W;LY JI1JI~·~i~ nl '.'~I ri;mct" cthe sll,"glt:' ,["xpt:tmu,Q01 f,~uur he l.ng LI.u· ~(IJl!'nllt ~ (',r rile iW:'t'<: or' ~ki n~). Tllh will pa rHti-r J!l v; I r~:'1 hil II) l n fin' J11~.I_~ urem~,.'n':... ~'IB) thai ht.'L Wt'"t:Jl tlu- pj.C'u':1> of ~i dn~ und Ibal wtthin them (fH'!:'a:O:lll'"emen.l error). Tlw ;Ibrw~: ",rri!l~ d;u>! yi.eld !"~w tollowtng ~L n,' iys i s of \'~t [janet:' table:

Source Slim,,! O'8~r'3e;3. !)f Mtilji7
Sl:1u~r~~ F~e~d1Jrn SQ,u~reg
~Irll I I'." n 11 " 6£!~,
~I'~lr 12,4r, Ir- c OS-J
TI~r -II ~; rfl,j 29 'rhE!" 111""S!' Lilina-t W nuu." Is uuu the Error !"IlEan !'l,lu:m.:: is 'lht: variance' n'l the ml:";bs'~m:~mC'nt t'n'lIp; ,(U~H~. as Iodon:). The stundanl t:.HQ' nf rueaxurcmen] j~ IIH"I'~'rlll'I.' rhe -"quare I"lHll ~ll llw r',r[llr (\lean. '::4m~fC1:: ubt ... incd rwm .. o~~e, w:.~r .~ItLLlr~ls otv.triaucc

The ~cn~nd ::.l:ltlsl lc 11~,111 <.;:111 li~ ~aMI~ calCUI~L.tC'J fwm the A~O\)\ l.<lblei:.: the intra-class '~'vird:1I inn. r, Th ioS is, givt-:n by'

r ~ L.E,!!..!.c:!!J .•. :L~ Em;!' M :;. i

IS!!if'g M 0: ~ Error M S " I J ~'Jr, 0 0r:1II14 u - 0 U9:J\ o mi~

In _guu'ml' !!i.1.!J!lf,l!-L.::; _ _Lill!l..M..:iJ

$1 IflO M ~ H LlfE:rr(1or M <;. Ii

where k I."> the number of l"t:[:)Hea~.t: mea~urt:.lUc.nts un e-dcl:t piece v~ ~,ldU!;,

NQte lh,H t~)r aJi practical purposes ~his: csrimarc ~s identical to th:n pou'l'.ided iu l~n .~. 1'ht<y nIT' sim.pl}' $.h~lHly d[Jt(:,ent w~y:s of esum;ul ng U"'Ie same p .. rarncrer,

AI'liernative Desilg,ns

Reuiming ao du: lro di:tlel:ent h:ngths ul' Mrin.~, -ell! t'!;vn pi!J!.CC'inf Htri ng COl'Tt:spnndi I'lg U) eHch 01 tlu: lel'~ths Nmnbn I hese pk{"t~s of M.dog

(rom J through [020, mnkmg :-;UR ih~~l you kuowwh it:h p;:rm.; Ill' nurnbers COHCSPOIl(1 to pi.eceN () I' j; tr inp; of L he same It~rlf!.li I Put these twcrn y piet'~·,~ or st I'ill~ il"llo random orde r ,n'lll thell a~ ku L:ollt'a~ 1IC' to (:,q L i rl"lmt rhc Ill"11P,th of eilcll piece u.r ~!.ring 1111 Him, ag.1i~1 making ~~lirt· Ih.u no n.'f't·l"t::lln: l~ rnadc hl a I·UI,l· or lH dtl"it,· pkc~::; oJ sl rirl~, Thi:<.. expcrlrnent pr[)vhlt·~ .10 ,'~h"itT\'alilnn" III ~ hlch dlt' pair« tH MU'·~~("~ l \~rn.:,~pml~~if:Lp. 10 euch kng.~h Qf5[fing Ul.I1.l1cH he urdcrcd, There- ,uc .:;ir]]P~Y lWu- unun.I:!::rt:d dupJic;Ut'(j evrre,\ipnnd"ing 10 each k:Ll!-=ill 'l"I"lCY cnnnnt be p t .. ce d m ~'O lu m ns I .. belled ' j,1\l ESLil n'l' e '. . ],,, d F.15i\ i m::l [I;' '. and ~'d I Hl :rh<:;, se d:1la ;1 re appr,npri .• u':=I~' :IJ1j.h zed I hmup,l:l ;1 onv-way .;lDrlJ~!,~b oL' \';[["1:11](::--(. \V!1rtP" nlfg~il such ;J d~~· si.gn ;1I'jr;.e' in pr.H:tICt:?' OH1.sidt'r 1~'1,1 "ideore((lnllnA~ of :M, asscssmrrn irlWn'ic\\·, F:lcil \'khcn-rrTordlnp; 1.0; w.;LH::ht:~l and Ir.Ht."J I~r rwn (IlL' rl:'dl.!r~ more) r:m·r~, tuu no indivili.l.l,a! ... Her r.1['~~ I~W!t' tr~~m q~H' "ij leu ~jmil.11'1~', W{_' f..·f)ll.h! repl ucc l he ddel)tS '(.\' It h, '(.1 uestlrm mH roc: rt:,~pn tlc;C~ ~ I, ich ,I re ! ~ I' ]"'11;'" rna rl.'nl h~' ;1 p:. I,d 01 raters. Twu r;.Ht:·r~ f,lLe t',lcll qw::.(~m'mL:l re with no one ['<LiU' sct'Ulk mort:" than om:: Clues, Hnnnaif(,',

Fin.:~.ly.cn.mijder the Jc:!ti~n o't' it n.:-rlahJliry ,~Hldy u!l whtcn. ~() r t'X;lrIl r Ie ,. e.ldl Slit b ject (piece or string; ertvtronmenrnl exposure in,u·vil.:'w. SlUnk.. nlf:l q lIc~tinlm'I.II.-e') i~ 111 ~·<.LM I I't'd. rarecl or rt:-,sC'$H.:cl bv lWO (ur 1110 re) par: icuiflr t'.HCI"S. This deS-iAn would {,~n;lhk us w es rlmate lhL' rei:u:iv{· bkl'~e" Qf the L wo or more rarers.und rhese hiases'lhtHlk! bt.+takcH irHli ;Q(r'otIJH \;".'ht:n calcularlug ~l.L.ru.lHn.l errorx nC ml:,~~,LI.n.:'~;l'm or 1.L'lu-'l-cl.a:'O~ OJI"f.;.:ol:H ~on~.ll[~>rt ~Iu: appl·npri,jiL<::· mcthrlu (~f .111 •. !!y"i~ wtJuh,l i mlolv\" ~I /,WIJ-ll"d I)' (l1l('~~ ," ... l,~ r If rariuuc«. ."'Uf!po~t" Ili~L III uur 1II.lin example ,lhol C GIH . .:S~ I was rro\'icJed h; om" ~"";'Itcr and (;I,H:'!;S 1 was r Ii\ldd1.::d bya second, fndept:'lldel1 L rater. .1 Iere [t would he kgi~im:Hetncofl:5id~r the ide ruirv of ll1.c rare r as ;1. funht::!: sou ret:' n r v:lniuiCln ,1\ r'lMO-WJ.y A.NOV.o\ provi des rh e fol, ~owlnr.:

Snuree 01 \{mia[IOIl Squ,efll

~M.S.) Stnnr; ~~10"' '['rtfl 'l'Qtlll

Surn at 5C1t1,"N'~

M~lfl
d .t.
lo!! 46-95
i J 36:l
I~ 0063
Z(I lit; r;W (! 16:1 0882 1i6914

T'he STANDARD

NOl!':: IJWC without t,tpHcue~ for 1:!IH~ rwo .,;H· ers, nhe Err()~" Sum of :Squares ts cornpteretv t:unfom!u(;d wsth Ihm of the R:He'I·-h}'"S~rjilg, intcrac L~Or1. The es ruua [eel, in('r~H:- LL~!o 1["0 erela(i,nn (r~H;!biH!y) C'1n he shown to he tseefl¢i.ss, [ 987)~

I ~ I\IlSlrln::J M S. - ~rfOr MS I

1\!i5Irll'Q M ::;, )'1 klR~1er M f1; !-lflik.f'H IIEI'I'" M <" I

~l!,Iht'l.'e N is; [he number Ofr:dect'.I': Df~Lf'jl1g and f,; the nurnher i~fr;IWf'l, For the present example lhb ib, equivalent W:

- I S($tll"9' M S - E:Hor ~~ .S J

1 p(S,l"l1g. M ~) f- lIH~1CI M ~ ) .;. 1 JILr''', M h I = 1 5(~ E¥iS tl Cii:.#

i ~r ~ rf.lS) ~ 1Il13113)· n~,) tJ~>:::i Ii ~ Ii8 ~S

70 ~}C, -, i) nil ~ I) :9Hl) -f} ~6.S

,~s,l:~m;lttion fif n~liahi til Y via ,1 rwo-way mode l nas produce d , in ims exam pit:, the: same reslll~ .. ~ me nn~'-Wilr A NOVA.This is because HlC',<:: art: tlu. reul rarer clirft:J."e'llce.~ (the rater WOIS, in facl, n.:ht· :-;:,1.111(:" ~n bOlh 1].~c;II.s.L1j"emt:J1LS). In ~'n(.·r~,ll, IlflW'C;'VU, Ihb will not he ~lle case

Binary Measureme'nts

(\flt:l:l, ~iI1<." slmplcs: W;t} to the t'Slim:uc ~~w reliahilH, of ;11 hin~~ry measure Is v la ,\J1I ana.ly· sts 0'1 varian CI~ ilS above A.IU:l(~u~hfeaders lil.ighti: obj ell" l thoU SW:Jl. I ne t h [)d~ :i re ina rr ro priatc ('i-If mC;lS~lf~mnl($ nul m.J,d,e 011 .1U in(crT;]11 or ratio ~c;jk:, ilt GHl b{: ~,huwi1J th:u rhe rcUal1iiily cndficicms nh[Jmed via it two-way ANOVII. {:liS ;lhO'Pe) ,liT (nn lar'fW Ml,mpks) f'l.lllh';lh,;:rll to Concn's k:lppa, COI1:Sider nn it:X ample iur';1 hinllry response. Tille .fnll.owing i~ •• :5l1 mmurv of replicate assessments of.I:'._'Hlfni nation perfnrrnance- lor a ~mHp~(' of 2~f candl(I.llh~8 (fron, DUI.tn, 1989):

Ex~miner EI

fad ~':l':i filial
Fall 1 II~ ~f 7 11 i I) T~"
E~IlJlilrtor A
fl~1~O 111'111 '~(l'JJ 12 Toto I 1(( rr. 'S

Tht: d~l,~ have the form uf a simple connn~t:nq' l;lble Ilfl h:n11~ of ii~t1u:snialllL~~IL;ty asM .. rrnnce O!1tc 'COI:lhJ ~1J.'i' ;1. ca:'ii~~ consider i'lt::D1ll> \,vtHcJ~ arc :sa,risLan(}I.·y or dd~![:Li.\i~ [,l.IJWI" llun students who P;I!S..'> or f.:~i] all exaaunanon The numbers in hr;~i!;'k~t~, are rhe values expected by di!lnce, ;]$~umin~ ~h~L dH~ raters are S('C!I"ln~ ineepc m..ienUj (calcuJa ted, ns in the Lot.Se or:J "'~mpl'c ~:hi-s{IU~H· rest. \li,l. I_he p.rt)(lw:t~ of Lht" marginal pro'I'()rl~ml.S,~. Cohen's kappa is O. "i<i. T~lC' rC'liilbillity 01':'; c~Hjma[ct1 [,,, un a [WH-

$G ¢

W'<l)' /\NOVA i~~ 0 5'5, A~l ~hal j,~ now 'L'qulf{~J b an explanatiou of kUJ,1P(@. (Cohen ,1960) Th(~ observed ;a,~~~il:;t:m U\)I:x:rween lilt: two examjncrs ,b givC'"i1I hy tht: simple proportion of the subjects in which the l"i\'Y) eXJ ml n e U'S ~gfq-C- 21:/29 '" 0 :'')9 .The c hanceexpected agllt:emelU (P.) .is (~-9+".9)!29 ;;;: n,':iI76, A kappa sransnc j,~ ute Imnrovemcet over cnarice (P,I·P, ) dlvidc;(i by ruax irnum possible rmprovement (l-F,). TI1111 I':::;, karp,d. = 0.283/0. 52"j- ~J-54.

-nw !'TlellrlOfl can be g~neJ:-IJjzed 10 ortlinal data in an ubvious W'OLy • J!IM CJUY OU! :J I"WO-WJV ;m,11\'sls of variance H!'l! [his, (If course . .L5 raruaurcuru I 0 "~5um~,ng I ~;i! tht' nnjin a lrneasures a IX a ..... (lI<LIlly n~le,;1.M.lr('(l, rm an jmerval :'i(.lk. II !,..; nrLl~~I}]kr.~ !n calcularlu~ a wdg.hh:d lorm of Collen'", .k:1Pp~1 _~ta· l!Mk (Cohen, I YMH in which t he di:;.""~~~[:rl:ttl1t wt:ight~ ;In.~ the sqll;\l!'"C5 ot' l'ht.di!"I'el'cnH',~ between the 1.'.'>'0 raters. ~ llhcr form:; vi weighting arc avauatne. btu. nus tS h(~Y\.lnd me scope of 1.1l!': Pf('SHtl hurooucrnn' aruclc.

Monitoringl Variability Over Time, In PHr! 1 of Ihis series H ,\1,1([", :;,t;l'I.~d that we would f\el.1UTI m :. C(}n:'il~t'rH1"iOIl of ~il11p~~ p~nl~. In n~,~ COflkNL nrin~_h_jMri~~1. prmJuCl ton nn~ jS"l,'If t'nlll'1'i~, !rcqlH.:.ml) cnncenwJ ,viII 11 ru onitori Il!li a III e."'~ LI reme n t P roce,~)o, nve: r TimL \Xtlu;dn 8: L~'t..Iay ( I }lW.l). for exarnpk, provtde plm~ ')l ;;l,bl'QILltt dlfferenccs h~tween two measurements ;1-i5 "l function ()~ f-i:rnc-Thcr are uscel lu ;l~t:·,~:!> ~lu;; 1)U~~ihi'iq .. of dnn nr of lnek nl [)DflU"Di or the measarement .p recess III lhc ~Hung t:X,llm r~'~. on 11K assurnprion that [he pieces orS~.til.'jAlHb!::"J.led A.H, . ,(_) wert: mt::I~un::,d ill the .s~'~l.u~n('o; in(Hcat~d t1Y the iahels, ~ [:I.tUl 01 the :lb~ohlLe di.fl\:n:."IKt: ag.~.in:O;l ~,~.ring bbe:1 wDuld prm'itl,_, such [;!J plot. Readers :t!J't' referred to \'IVh~e.kr .md Lyd.1Y (19H9) fur further detaus. For such .:! plQ.[ [~l'IK ,or ~LL"Lr gn::<tt VIIIl.W, how(-\'~f. we woukl need tv I'HIl't>;1 much IrHl1¥"f s<rc:qLl.cIlCC "f rerliLurt'"L'i meusurement s, ~ hom 11'l~ ~~~: pryvh..lecl I)~ our sl!fillK datu,

R efe re n ce s

Cohen,j. (I ~6[l',J"\ ('Ot:.F1'icIe'.m of i1gt:l:'t'mem fOl' 1iI0mil'l,il 5Glltts !';duclHiQnal ;md P~y· cl"lolog.~cal, Me,l.surernem 2.(1, 5'7 ~i(~.

CuhC'n. _r (t 9&::l),\'rd~htcd kapP:I: nominal CmJliw~~d 1m jl1fg~ 34

The 'STANDARD

". -

*

___ " Spring :998 ~

scale agreement wuh provisions for scales digagree!lJH:ut of partial credit. Psychologlcal Bulictjn 70, 2 I 3-220"

Dunn, G"(l989} Design and Analysi'!~ of Rebability Studies.The Slatistica I Evaluation of mcasur cmcru Errors London: Edward Arnold,

FI ctss ,J L (1 987l" DC:5ign a nd A~ulp'i.s of Oini cal Expori,l1Iu;:ms" Nt'wYorkJ.ohn WHey & Sons"

Whttier, [)"J &. l.yd;!y, KW, (1989\ Evaluatiog the Mcasuremenr Process" Rcadnig. i\.tA: Ac1 J ~so n- W't."~k Y

Mistakes In Design And Interpretation Of Experiments

G'oran NiissOR1NiisSion Miir#Walite't"' Hjj,striingsllagefl 9.

S'~756 ,47 Uppls,a.la', Svel'ifleTei,: +46~18~aO 20' 91,~ e ... mail: .nilssf)II .. m·q@l4pp·sal(fJ~mai/~relilfl.·c·o·m

Most in v e5tigmiolilsl nctude some Or all or Ua'c Jb"llowing ~tJ!liCs:

l . SrH~ci,ncation of ~he problem" \"?ll~Ll ,ex~u{"tly l'ln we W~ll1'l tel kn,ow?

L PI;mning,' iSIJ;tlly ;111 inV(:1Higar:loll COI'l~iSl$ nOI nnly oj' 'I he ~~h:;Lsurclite_nt elf one Ub;(T't (sample), hut ma:) consjsr of c(J~lechon of several obit:C'l~, .llk)cltio.n of (Ufft"fenr !'J'e;i trn e nt~ null me:L'>U'renK rn n f q lJIHfI m ~t:5 nr dJc~ts in order to m:ikc comparlson- heII ween objects, poptlJatjollls of 'objecl~ or [n:'almen~~';_AlI these acrrvincs (HHS~ follow a plan t.hat. cnMIL,(:~ U11H surftc.eru rehnbilitr ()f the ITMlilS is ob'lt;~in~d. i.1'1 [he- total cI~sl~n uf ~n In\'e~ngmion it \5 esscnrun [() l.lkl: into uccouru both sampling and JlK~,IsUfc.mf'iH uncertalnnes.

5" Pcl"ftmnallcl' of the plan

'l" 'iuui.. .. rie.IJ IIJ.l,atY:o>iH anJ im~'rpITt:!lHol1.

li-~ Illusrrnre some C()Jlunun misl'lkes 1 will dli!l,· cu~ a n!."tivc cxampk whlch l hir\'!:: li;'i~dst:'vt::m1 lUll.C'~ i iTh seml nar,~ :1 rid courses. LeI us assume that We w:)'nt to compltl·c [he mean level I)f a [oxic SU11~Hltll.e in two b<ltdlC'''' ()[ beer t;IPPC[J irH~l,bultlt;:s" ~ The tllxi{' suhsusnc« may fur iI15.1::lIH,'t'come Irom lh("" hnl1k~. file' clearnng processes in the breweries or from tile ~n£redlcnl~ 01 lTl~ beer. hm j()f rile mea.~lm:tlJ~n t lind !e sun.g r wi)](=m th(' ~UlM"CC does nOl matter.The lmpurtam point is rnat we.:: have !wn batches which w« W<:lJIt to compere willi reo ~Pt'L [ ! I, t he t.~t l !'Icent I";llion l)f;1 spec i.fit· SLlb· )o.l.IIWf' ) r\ ',IL uj~ml f>711npk (] r :W hottles is. lake n

from each b,nclL v;o'ilkh 011,' the C()lhYvVIII)fJ, ptans for che nlCt5~llrr]]'e:nr~ shoul.tl hi!:" prefer.red:

A" The concentrarion i,,., measured in each borne. 1\111 measuremenrs are performed in r-.U'ldon'li<,cd order on (~K same OCC1- sio nand by tile ~~~II1'1C' U pe rator,

B" TIH~ same as A tmt the bnrches ~'Int measured h) (Hfkl'l:n! o peru l or","

C The beer in the 20 bottles from erwh baa::.!:i j'~ mixed ;!nd one ~ Iperawr makes ~t] ml'~!suremeurs OfLKh mi~wF!"' ill r.H"u;[nmi:;:l'u order,

n 'j"l1t' ·in I)OHh~,~ ure 11l~)l!'d ,lhiJ W rlH .. ';ISlm": rnenrs () r I he III i:-r.t u re oUt" lUndt,

Mo~t rwnple ffOl"JIi7.C th:l~ ail"L'tIlWlive U i,'o I.·idi~ ule ius a nd thn t u I ~r) :11 U: mH l ivt" H ~ht MJ,kl '1."IC' ('xclude(1."~,~ YV,," C1ll1" Clb'~~n~t.ib.h L'It't,>,eC!l b:ncl1 und npt"ll1wr tI'felb. Thrn 1. Ill' opin· ron OflGn is nnT·~lfLY hc(w·t:en ;dl'l'ma~ ivc A and C" ptThaps wirn SO:)I1Jt' preference fur C witl ~ tlre nq;tHnu:::nt 1h,L[ 1.( s.hnniLl gtvestnailer ~I'~lnt!ard de"'i;uion~ tor uie nh.'i!:n"L~jnns within batches.

We should c~nainly expect smauer standard del'i,Lli01Ls in alternutive C Ih.ill in .ute-HUI lve A 5~lC[' oc~" varlutiuns between nhc bon k:s l:O~~Hi"[)~It,~, to the t.~h"C'T\'ed swnd~t!\1 deviauons. Tht" ~:rlltMiOl.l h ",'huhn i,t i:.. ai, rernarive ,'\' or C rh~H giv~~ Lnl' relrvaru ';'1.1nd;In;l (~ev:iarion:') In alwnn'ttivc A WI~ have illldc:pen(jeni observarions fr1!)m 1 h~ hat['liu~~ ,~nd tna 1 is W b<H ,,",'(" In lI,~l ha ve t ,) ht" able W

Spring 199b

The STANDARD

(est ('he IlrpOlh,(;'"j.~ rhar ~he rn ;~f1 cornenn are the ~allllt' I n rl ie rwo batches. In attcrnative Co 'live have. IlY lilt: mixing. phyaically created means of the 20 ';;Jmplcd botrtes from ach bath. From inde-pendcnr observatlons from the mixU .. rres we Gin only l!est whtl.L1el' there is a Si~Llineant ditfcreuc« between just thC~t· mi .. tme~; or nnt If the v:.uiMiun between bottles within a batch b 11.01 ncgtig,j[~k 'we Ill;l~. prob .. abl) have []j re-:Illllft"erem:e bet"; 'en t WI.!' mixturrx fn}I]] I he same batch.

Altcrnari ... ' C jo;; an C "~H11ple ur a v'~y ('j Ill .. lHOIl sirunrion where J 1l111.'l,I.akt: in lhe uu.ign l}f:'<n experiment ... ~U'I;':; ;.111 underesnmouen of [be standard devlutlon '~I~t;ll in J statistic:1I H':81 or in 1J1E L":llcublillll of a confidence interva]. There is. however, a further source of error th ... ar i:s often overlooked and that ts sy:), rcmaric <;:frors of rhc measurement mernou, If H s),slefmHic error i~ im.lependcnl of the sam! k, ({lilt: beer in rhis case) there is 110 erfeel on the difli.·"("[Ke between the batches, but .if ~Iu: measuremem r<:;"mH i~inllllcnccd br other SUbS·r1ll1CCS in the sample .uul these substances diJ'ft"r berwccu uie batches (be i'fYsit."llIatic error .. m(IY be diffCrcrH for rhc two Ilal "he~ {(his i'i whar [11.: cherrnsrs can matrix erreCl~i.)o.

Accordlng [(.) the:' formulation ofthe prob Jerri the hypothC"sL~ to be tested was whether

rne mean COI1U"llll'clfion of tile toxic substance was the same in the two h;'l;ch~~ Ffom :! consumer's poin: orvin, 'I hot" mean conccnrrauon is.hGl'~v('vt'r\ not t'spt'cially rd· eWIlH. One I~ probably mere interested ill the risk of geuing a bottle that c<mtains a I·amlful amount of the subsrarrce .r1lll.U Ih.1t risk" depends net onl}' on rhe mt"cil1 e()IH.J,.:m~·k linn :UU! 01, lh« di~ll"itlUiiobl f r cone ntrntirms amting the hlHUes. Til jlll..igc 1111.' risk OI1J)7 fron the InCH.n value i ., comparable wtth the- well known suucmem rhai, il OIK h;,lS one !'VOI iil a re.l.:riger.uor and the other i n an "VEn, 0[11;" 'i.~ on the' :lVer:lg.e-il't:ry cumtonable.Thus. we have here an example ot anOTher cornmon siru:.!ti( n where relevant information is hidden in a mean value.

I[ Ji:rlL1;')L be emphasized that ill, is 1101. [II· ways cornplcrC'lvslUipit! to measure mlxturcoff butl~Cl'>.'\;<;'i'Ulme for lnsrance that rile IIK<lsue me.l IS are verv cxpenslve bUI we "':1 m io take ,I large ~,!rnrI0 of borues In order I~) ~~~lOW [Il~n [11(: risk !If nmlin~ .! honk' with a harmful amount of lilt: substance Is I rw.To reduce the number of m .HHIn::jTlellb we may then measure rmxrures o:F N honks 11111 rhe critical concentra non or a miN.(Ure i~ then liN or whnt D~ considered 'I.S ~:IJ~' rnaximat harmless concemranon in one bottle t.

MIQ,D' Council Milnutes Minutes of the February 5, 1998 Meetlnq

1.0

Can To Order

Due tv ~t conflict in schcdulea, the: rrreettng was called m order at KOO J\M PST on Febru- 1111}· '6th, 1 99B.

2.0 Roll CalJl

Members present in persr n:

Phil Stnm

-s i E!IJlj CIJ(J~, Woorry Eir.:f;:e D~W8yl"~ Sharp PII iI 1'31r1~ h.l Ll~

Unr, 1'101'1,.1

Members present f)} rele 'ollferel1ce:

K~rl &o~lwl Norm ~el~d" I

3.0

5.1 PhU Stew: agenda appw"\cd , .... JUh add,[iol1 tjf\lvork,ing on ur.gt:rH. bus] n ess ar [hi s ri me bef >tt:' re turnin g [D 'Igcnd:t items.

4.,0 Urgent Bus,ine.ss

4.1 PhH Stein.: liIe('tlon 01 DjH~cwr.s represerulng Division;;. Orig,jflally Duly one d.lreu(Jl"" represented al I dl· 'i' i'lim;1!s. Nfl\" 1 here ate sev if1. Vi' i ih

rve to he -, Ct, 'd lJ}' tile divisio.r:r.~ themselves. There are [Jr'~scntl}' 15 candtd:alt: ~ for I hese posit ions., Til e

The S"TA,NDARD

-=

¥

'Vult: must be 1;:1 [Ii: e 1''1 and S(·!)'t ~;u I-lQ bj' April. Sle:~'(' Cuok W sen« ,jJld {I;cot'ivt' b:ll'fots. dn t e f01' (XJI1.~ !'i't'[~ on of voi.,~ ils 1,)[11 t)l M;w::lr:l. .11'10(101) ro I'n~· Imv plan made by Ji(;trJ Spdtt:L t;~L()!~d('d b} l)~m H;lrpcf. IN)<I<t- p,;l~ccl Li.l1LLl1jmru,l~1y.

.j.:! Karl Spe.H,el rlw MQIJ 'l~xhjhjt v,'re, dl~riayer! lIlirlllg h~sl )'cn'~ Rm:ht":.-.I.er ~t'cdun Quot.lLq' 'ConferEm:"'~' W'ill !luI l'1c (li~l').I,;Lyilng it Ll,i~ year 10 prev\:'1lt overkl II ,

5.0 Ap'proval Of Minut.es Of Previous M,eeting

').1 MinUtt"s <'I ppr(lv'eci, i W:lS mil lint :1\'1~iI:IMt" (hl;r~n~ vOH-:.

0.0 CUd [Business

fl.. I No old bus~;J]e~~

1.0 New Bus:iness

.., 1 'Covered 3S ~Urgeot Business."

8.0 Chairmlal1's, IReport

H. ~ Phl! Stein '\)'i'e have rt'ct:iv~eIi :1 11:t'W rabic-top d.isp 1.1}', ch ;~ngrc,~ req IIi [tel so lh~T displmy rntrn:)r::. chi!ng~~ madt',[o L~he new U-i-fDld brocnure. Uegi.rmirlg new budget.no supporting docurncrtl:Hi().o requtreu for ll:lI: firs( $100 to cover uffice suppljcs Budgel[ should he cnmplelf."",j h)' 11{:;([ NlQD meeung InM:.}'.

9" 0 1" reasu rer' s Repo rt

9.1 Thi~ t:'i (he MQD Treasurer's Kkporl Ibl" tlu- quarter OllO 1/9B-{13/1 3/l 99R:

D-klagc,.:s W~

C1n:ckirlA .. \cco:L:ln t: r.'h)!H~) Ma rket:

Total Funds:

$ I 572R.$9 '$,73356.0"7 $H~O(l~_9G

,I~,!; Memll!COJilip Dues:

Newsterrer Ads: tnreresr:

Toed Income

S.:~3'i7.50 $930 (H) $6D"} 18 ~:i~) 12.6H

tBfU.l!9B; 5; U~43.U 1>~8941.:!5

,{: iu:cking Acco untr -Money M7JAct row I f-:'LllIll(!:S:

$704f14.77 Submitted (]3!18i98 M. D. Fechrl'l~r, Ireesurer

10.0 Gha,ir Elect R,eport ro. 1 No report

11.0 V~ce, Chair for C,amm:iUees Report

11, I No rcpon

12.0 !By~LawsIStandards Writ~ ing Group ReiP,ort

12.1 DanHarpe r 'sn.:pon is prilillu:l elsewlu-re In rnls issue ..

13.0 P'lI'o'grarn Ch.a~.r/ScltlOl.arship, Committee R.B'port

I), r Norm 'Be1eckt l-Iav{C fi:lti.~h('d .1IH:

Si01nh.m~ S.("ll~)Jarsl'ip am~ mkit:n it to Ihc Nalio.rlllli Conf~rt·nce or Snmd:lrd::,.I.~IIl.S.I::"'''i,..x;~nivt' BOlm I !\.'lee~iI1lK It '-v;as rnmlitkd to llKlluJe ,[ ~LW:.·ru en ~ rnt ~lli n~ ~. h c .sc.hola r~hip t 11:.UI"Olifth rnree t' nu he:>: the M ~:ol' SUi" .mcnt Science Conference ! he NCSt and I,IIH:' Ml.:"1I.~~m:.I]1em QU\'Ii~tT Division, No\.", ~11 lh,,-' h.afld or the govcming buaru utthe MSC wun no cOlnpktioll dare ~dve-n.

1 :'>.2. PhU Slic.in.: r h~", ~ ag.l"Ct'c.i to li)l" lIlt' pro;i!.ra m chnir h)r (llis yca.r The Iocatinn will l.lt' 1111 llt~Mnn, at l:he Vn~ pe Ct'IHer in l::I IlJ hrnlge tml i 11 i s i~ ~U.lt H work i 1"1 prI)Ct·~!'i.

14.0 Education Committ'e€!'

Report I'~ II No Report

l'~.2 Phil Sb::::in:\'Ii.'pody ElCkt" and ~ b;wt" 11:1(;1 cooversnrlons 011 l1."IC hody uf knowlt'clj.i;if,HlC first step is to b~gin with a hncly of knowiedge that l[lCOrpOml.es aH me Ifnlogisr,s. A ~iCJflcr.J1 base of knowledge that should he required by :Iii merrulo~riM~, bur wirhow lle<1rlng wirh :lny ,P:lf' ucular areas ,()f SF!eclaUZ.1tlOI1, c.g . cJ1.mcnsion<t1. dt'crric;d at this, polnr.

~ 5.0 [Int.ernet liaison Committee R.eport

151 No report

',6.10 Membership Co,mrmirttee R:eport

16, ~ Noreport

17 JJ PubUcationINe'Ws,lettllu IRepan

17.'] DeWaync ~I!mrp:'nlere art' p[''Oj)k~!il:o.

[spring19:9~======T=h= .. ~::.;;;e=S=· .:;;;1':=:.A=· .• :::: .• ·N=· .. =:,D= ... =A=.·.=R.=.·.·D=-======:--::==--.P_~t}.~~j

"MeU) has '672:8 ",embers ... 8S of Fs,b. 2B, 1998,"

Ou r Wt,l ~s fn r !'h~ P;;II r were:

Ft'lllrllarv '97 0440

March '97, , 6631

Apnl '91 6566

M [jV '97 . , , .. .. . 68 I 1

JUil8- ·97 6843

,j uly c!7., . . . .. . . . . . 7019

Augll:;;\ 'Ci7 . ".......... 58ilJO

S~pti)mh~r '97 60<11

DUuGer '97 B 190

N ovam her "E17 . . &336

December ·97 M28

January 'pa [1HlO:3

OUf CL!I':I'"I:'1H '! :iPlllar,loll sh[J~";'S tlMr 912 member's of vanous jeveJs .biav(' 1'iI'()[ ren,<::wt:d (jlr POIi{lthdr cJuct>,'~(;'" hnp{; you aren't one of l he rn 1 1 f YUH fCll1~{:)t w re new, '\-v hy .I10l .du B nO,,,,? \Vt:"d hate to I o~e )"UlI.

You will I!nl! J coupuu LH;"Mw, that vou UH1. WI out and send [0. D.iane CrHIJJtryru.:11l if you or snmeone r(l'L1 know wuuld I ike marc iolorJ]JaUol1 about joinillg 11lit:' Oiv~~ioil.

p---------~-------------------~

i M'embership Information Coupon I

I Yes, 131m Interested i!ll'earning more about mernbershlp In the Measurement Qualityl I Division of ASaC.

I Name Tille

---

gel;Ung the ell rreut edition ofthe Swn· dard mH in a tii,lH,:'ly m.mncr;

17.2 ... \llmllCf" pmhlt:m is with Ihe fOEX:ign nm.llilng u:;Jl;.i Ill!; too long. Discussion did nor come lip wil~1 ~ll1y lurm :]]1- swcrs,

18.0 .Am:litin'Q C,ommittee Rs'port

I. H, I No report

19.0 Exalmi'nlll1g Comm~ttee Rep10rt

19.! Nu report

,210.0 Vh::e Chalrfo'J FiI,egi,olllal leOUne llo r • s R.e'po,rt

20. 1 Nu report

21.,0 Regionalll GOILuu:ilm"s; Report

.2 II No rrpm ts.

23 .. 0 Tii me a nd !PI a ce for Next Meeting

]·3. ~ 6:0(~ p,;']. Eye [\llay~!. 1998-dlilril·l.,~ the ~"QC at tile Pldlaclcpbi:m CmlvvI1UOD Center.Roum .:W6.

24.0 Adjournment

20.1 Motion no "l1j~lurll made hy DeWliYIlC' "'harp; p:1s~(;:d unanimousb.

Membership IReport

HC'n~ is [111(:" currenr hreakdown Df OUl' ruemb~~r~llip (;1<; of 2nH/9H):

Reg I~ l.'lIf... .. .. . . . . . b6S 1

Senior .. .. 1 T7

fellow......... 23

H on.o I ilf,!, . .. '. .. '.' .

Sludenl n2

SIJS1'llnll".'9 _ ,..... .. Tlfl

Total ,.. . .. . .. 6'128:

Compaliy .

Main product of" your comp,any .. _

M~rn interests are:

Address:

--------------------------------

P~10n8: (W) IH). ~

lam a member of ASOC Yes NQ

i'v1ember' .if. Section ~_-.

,Marl thIs coupon to.' DMJr1e Counttvrnsn, MOD Membership Ch.air; igi4 Bucham;m I, A~{erwe. Ogden, UT8'4407 I

L --- -~

This S-rAND.ARD

Spdng 1998 I

4

if

Measuremlent Quality Divislon Officers

Cheir Pililifl Srein

Philip C; Stein Consultants. ~OO Q(lJ Street, Pennington, f~J 08.534 e--Illo;ili- pSI.eint~m€<lsur(?'mr;ml com

CompuSeu8 7T~ 17 .335

Past Chairman and Nmnirtatif'lg Chair

D(lniel E. CaTI50n rvi 8 tv1/Milf;;. 2:019 ~~, (J<lk Par~ Ave.., CllicaWo, It finA-35

ChaLr-EleCl -lllOmi!S" A Paarscn

.. ,. .... Automoleo 1e{;nnoiogy Assalc<ltos 16:~~1 Exf.'ll' LM~', Int.ha"trapOl,l'i -, liN 45? 14 !H nail' IfJprri)Bli.l.indV COin

Vice C'heirfof AelgiQna~ Counetlcrs

Milfk SciToElniCln . . U~"'<5n~ IllinOI5i PI<'Istu':;" GroujJ, nile SeaG<Jte- ?9L-PP, T{)II~d(). OH 43666 ~'-n iatl: ZM.JS2r9JmllSo-0i immcJlI corn

S~cretory SWNG Cuok

Treasurer Mol h}I':'I",~r

Auuiting

Ka Ii F S j1(2"m;:l

E)(amilling

Mel Fechn€"!f ., Gage Lab Corporstton. ",7h VeIl ROod, Huntmgr:i{]ntVilFI

Program Norm Beiet::kl

MembeFShil::!

Dia! IU CCIl.!ntrVlllilI1

NIS"l Nn1 B ~ 'H>. BI{lg. 220, {jaiID~r.;l;nHg. 1 .... 10 ;W~ ern;3I1' beter:k~(.jle.I:H:l1 I'll'll ,llO'v

EdYCBtioFl WfH~dv E\t'~E'

1 ! 2 I 1 Wh~:s pFi!M' Otld Lane. R!"Ie k'JijJe, M D :2 0852 s-rnail: wei!:lk.e@1Js nnt

Pwbllc!l!flon5 ~ J. L. Madrigal"

. B fig It~ 'fuu rtg U {:"I i\lersi1'y,· Depa rtrnent I) f Sta t-srl ~ BY I J, 222 TMCB'. Pr:ovO-, LIT ~4602 rna rtf! 9 a 1@I:i,(iJ_e:till

News I suer Ed i torr J)~!\Naylla B. Sharp .

'" Shape of Tmrtqs. 2.590 MalOigOi! IJrive. SM jO;§~ , e-ffiEIII; (jb:j,h~Hp@r1le(ml(lgy tug

Hlstcnan

S D if-E)I) Scicchitsru

Gag e La i) (.. 0' p or i'I tio n. 475 Veil A IJ~ d. Huntl rl~dbf!l "/,11 ley. PA 19t1i15

Sumdards Cernrnlttee Rep. and By-Laws. Chair

Dan J_ HarrJf.!"r,. .. .. B27 N.W. Mur,ay Road, wile 138, POrH81ld, OR 9"12'29 58~38

BD9t 73"79144 B W9/ 737-9411 F

7731 7~5-444(; B 7731 7~5-22BEI F

41 '3124 7-12B[; 8
t 19/ LIIl 7147 r
41 tJ/ 8742716 H
6201'721 2227 H
52 0(7 9~ 565F:l r
520/4<15-7252 P
2 i fil .3h5-E:i<i20 B
215/':::55·77!.1i F
716.! 385- 1838 H
2 1 51 J55-5420 B
2151 :m5-7741 F
30 1/97Ei 4223- 9
301/926-.3972
80 1 i [:>B~-7 anti B
JU 1/ 530- I 337 H
30 1 / 530- 8H50 F
SO, i 378-7357 13
801! 378-f\722 F
4D$12fl.4-3967 H
408(264-15 '19 !3
!.I 081 265-HtM5 F
7151 J.5f,-542Q B
:n 5/3557741 F
5.(J3/ 646- 1 3BO I-!
5{jj]/ M6-' sao F The MI.:'l.::;l.lr-emern Q~ ... ilty J)[\rj.~iOH is on the lruernet Thanks to' B<IHCnsli, we have .,Ln truerner mailing; li~{ l)r~.I1 lu ;t1"l'~UI.1e Inrcrestcd ln drscusston of MQU reiared topics ~r lsuor tJt:c~ssary II ~ bt: a Ilu::mbel of ASQ'C Or ~).[ MQD to ,pMticip;w:.'To subscribe, send an e-rnall message to <maj!,"l!'dnm(l@quaUlynl1=l~ wlrh !'In ~ubjel,:1 lint' i'lntJ OJ ~ing.le h~,dy h:!Xt 1lJ1e' _,;a.ylntrl, ,~ub~t:rjht; asqc-mqd, Our nome page is WW"W,.DJctfology.org, Ci:u::ck it out!

[ Spring 1998

The STANDARD

'Beg'iona II COM nci 10 rs

Region .1

Joseph Califano, Hem~gen DiOlgnLJstlcs, !tlc., 410 BeilrH,1r Road. W@flh<!m. MA 021["" • ~617) 690-3766. FAX, ~6171 880·3748

Region 2

Ka,r'l F. Speltel, l.:l Kaii85\i)fI Dri~. PII'~~Qrd_ NY 111534· m6~:J:B5 IB38

Region 3

;EdU;DWQO M, HQlid.eI,tjefg. C<lrler W<lllacOt. G, K~!'rddlt Elf . P.:lrlrn. N j 08f.'};"-.s • 16091 856 8511. fAX ~&:r9) f,S,5-G13t'i

Region 4

Ale-x i...a,u, Imperral 011. 'II I s~ CI,m Allee W. Toronto, CJnl. C;arl<loLl~ • l.:ll6.j r:~lY.J4. rAX ~416~86e 5560

Region 5

Ralph C. Veale .. NIST. B 11 ~~. Mal, Go!!the~s OIW;J. MD 20898 \301 ~.91~350~. I:px' 13011 8.68-0822. E-~"<lil r¥~lefg)l'llstgi;l'v

Region 6

J.L. Madrigal. Biig~lam YOll!'tQ Univ .• [).il'p~ of Slolti',lic~. I3YU. }2;>; lMU3 Pro .... Q. UT 84£(l2 • 801 3?B-(J!J7 FAX Em I ]73-5722. ["';<iU

~ ni)ldri~ilf@bvu eou

=

Region 7

Rolf 8. F. SchumaCftlN. COO5t llualily Ma-

I [{l10ij'\l S~'~temQ. Inl;; .. 3~ VI.~la Oet Pam p Sail Clmnl3l'Hl C.A 92612·3122 '. (71<1.) 4S2· 6321 FAX (71 41 <l9:Z-032'

Region 8

Eric RedHn, MaSjllf'!SllIrn Aluminum COli' . J;l2!i S(l""IC~ fI~d. CIe-...,.eJsl[lo. 0 hio l'l.ill11 . (216t ·~7t;-m 1'~. FAX l2'16) 9~16119

Region 9

Ed Wudi. 0.IFmr'lifi'5 Englnp. C~I FO BCI~ :3D[l~_ Malt Cod\! 71300. Ccturnbus. IN 4f2{)2-:ID!J5 • m 12) 377-00211. FAX Hl1 2)377· .:j007

Alternate -Jirn RefH;lifl·g, GellCorp verncle SeiJlin~ GI(.lUp. n;J~ I::rrsle Ad. Su·ita 2<10. F, ~\frll~ .. In aOOOtl • (2'9~ 4311(;9.7 18.. FAX (2l9) 1134-8722. \loic(lmOiil (2481553-5152

Region 10

edward G. Tevlort!l, ravlat 1"r'S8:; Products Co.. :m2 Norltl Westwood A'~er!!H'i. TO[fl(jo .. Of4 .. :3607 " ~4' 91 531 ~~. FAX i419l 531 2932

Region 71

Raymond Pe~llafin" Mi~:neiln Tire Corp .. "I ., Amioch Church. P.O B(})!' 284 B. G rmmville. S,C 29605 • ~00tl )2)7-9300. FAX i,oo.1 ~ il5B· 0378

Region 12

D'olila~d Ermer, Unill{!rsity of WiSGOI~~Ir1 Mar:d!son. 240 M~t;h~nICfli i:.f1IQ1n(l(InI19 BldQ 1513. Uniw.rsito{ t\~efllJe i'l."lar:iio;cfI WI 5:31OC- 1572, (nOSI ;':'62-.2557

Reqion 13

Neuman Carlson. Owp.ns, El.roc:k""ay Pla.~iif' Co 1'1[<11 n 13r:;. 1 2fi3 M U !TElV DrNe. Kaif'lsa:> Cil V. MO &1130 • [816) 84:2·4206. FAX (8 I 6f 8lI2- 2736

Region 14

C h1~ek tEl r1Jer, C. L. U;iWi .• Jr. & A.~5CCiil[eG, 'irlC, 1211 Glen (:rNa Drive. Rlcliard'oon. TX. 75(;00 • (972) 23'-1<32fKi. FAX 19721 :JJol-.l1'¥J Aftemate -Jarnes, Lloyd, 1 M2 Monroe Sl . CarlEl'bad. NM &12'20 15051 234419L",If:i

. Region 15

Bryan MWer. Cho'lmrmlnirdernallon<ll In .. " ['0. EJ.ox HID. Courtland. AL 358Hl· '. r::W5! 637 -6735, FAY (:2m.i) '837 -520;;:

Region 25

Michael Floss, (.us to 111a-r Ey~>.!5 MJK(lfQnHI Street. N-a.gi)iI. Wlljllf~~I·tln [~. N,~w 4ealaflO ,. \foICt3 Q.I 1:a:.; WedlIngton ~6tl).!l 47~~194. New Y(ll!.. i 121L~-W4 7902. London (41~ n 1 .6;91-7~211 E-millt.

fne~Sllf\jly_ UP(g)I;ustorner·.eyes. cern

REG ~ 0' --N A- t, .M A p.

-- ---- - - - -

Or~t:tDn

Idsoo

I

!

Gali!omi8

I

, I' 'I r i

1

I

,

\

"

'"

I M.rmi:!!'5c;1S~ / ..... /~

., ~ .'

- 'CUjll Dekiltffi I., 1 2"

13

7

,6 Japan

/

N= M~J(ir.()

Texas

14

-. \

I~

I-jawaii

6

4 C.amada

i

~!

25

! filtetnation'a I

J