m

Dictatorship
and Martial law
in the
Philippines
?
 
 
  
O



 
 
was 10th President of the Philippines from 1965 to
1986.

’Marcos initiated an ammitious spending program

on pumlic works; muilding roads, mridges, health
centers, schools and urman meautification projects.

’The criticism of Marcos grew directl from the

dishonest and his failure to curm the mrimer and
corruption in government.
’The Communist Part of the Philippines formed
the New People's Arm and the Moro National
Limeration Front fought for the secession of
Muslim Mindanao.

’Marcos took advantage of these and other

incidents such as lamour strikes and student
protests to create a political atmosphere of crisis
and fear that he later used to justif his imposition
of martial law.
›
   ?
  
 xn Septemmer 21, 1972, Marcos issued
Proclamation 1081, declaring martial law over the
entire countr .

 Under the president's command, the militar

arrested opposition figures, including Benigno
Aquino, journalists, student and lamor activists,
and criminal elements.

 A total of amout 30,000 detainees were kept at

militar compounds run m the arm and the
Philippine Constamular .
 ueapons were confiscated, and "private armies"
connected with prominent politicians and other
figures were mroken up.

 Newspapers were shut down, and the mass media were

mrought under tight control.

 Marcos, invested with dictatorial powers, issued

hundreds of presidential decrees, man of which were
never pumlished.
 Marcos claimed that a network of "front
organizations" was operating "among our
peasants, lamorers, professionals, intellectuals,
students, and mass media personnel"--found a
read audience in the United States, which did not
protest the demise of Philippine democrac .
  

 

   
 Œt is an artistic movement that depicts the dail
struggle of the working class

 Œt developed as a reaction against Romanticism.

 Consequences of the Œndustrial Revolution mecame

apparent; urman centers grew, slums proliferated
on a new scale contrasting with the displa of
wealth of the upper classes.
u uith a new sense of social consciousness, the
Social Realists pledged to Dzfight the meautiful artdz.

u The focused on the ugl realities of contemporar

life and s mpathized with working-class people,
particularl the poor.

u The pumlic was outraged m Social Realism, in part,

mecause the didn't know how to look at it or what
to do with it.
 First
Quarter
Storm
O


 


 A period of leftist unrest in the Philippines,
composed of a series of
heav demonstrations, protests, and marches
against the government from Januar to March
1970, or the first quarter of 1970.

 Œt was one of the factors leading to the declaration

of Martial Law in 1972.

 The movement was led m the student leaders of

the Universit of the Philippines.
 The Moderate demonstration turned into a
Radical one, led m the Kamataang Makama an.

 Lamorers also took part, protesting against graft

and corruption in government.

 Most of the activists carried Molotov cocktails and

pillmox momms to counter the policemen's attacks
at Malacanang Palace.

 The storm ended violentl when the police used

tear gas and arms to quell the demonstrators.
 Students tried to counter using Molotov cocktails
and pillmox momms while retreating.

 The storm extended to Divisoria district in Tondo

Manila.

 After the failed protest, some of the surviving

radical students, mostl from the Universit of the
Philippines, Pol technic Universit of the
Philippines, and the Universit of the East, mecame
avowed Marxists, and took up arms, engaging in
guerrilla and urman warfare.
DekadaǮ70