Lecture 6

CPU Scheduling

14 September, 2010

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 ready running

new blocked exit

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 pre-emptive
vs.
non pre-emptive

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CPU-bound
vs.
I/O-bound

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(process states)

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6
7
PA

PB

PC

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C B C B C A B A B A

(CPU states)

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 CPU Utilization

C B C B C A B A B A

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 Throughput

C B C B C A B A B A

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 Response Time

C B C B C A B A B A

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 Turnaround Time

C B C B C A B A B A

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 Fairness

C B C B C A B A B A

C C C
B B B B
A A A

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 Balance

C B C B C A B A B A

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Scheduling
Algorithms

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 FCFS
(non-preemptive)

Ready Queue

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PA

PB

PC

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A B C A

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 Round Robin
(preemptive)

Ready Queue

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PA

PB

PC

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A B C A A B C A A

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Time Quantum
20 - 50ms

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 Shortest Job First
(non-preemptive)

Priority Queue

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FCFS A B C D

SJF B C D A

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Shortest Remaining Time First
(preemptive)

Priority Queue

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 Estimating
Remaining Time

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 Priority Scheduling
(preemptive)

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 Static
vs.
Dynamic Priority

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 Guidelines
for
Good Schedulers

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 1.
interactive jobs should
have higher priority than
CPU bound jobs

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 2.
CPU intensive jobs should
have be given larger time
quantum

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 3.
round robin is good for
response time but bad for
turnaround time

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 4.
shortest job first reduces
the turnaround time

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(how to know if a job is
interactive? remaining
time on the job?)

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 join lower
level but
higher quanta

ready running
join highest
level queue
stay at
same/higher
level
new blocked exit

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Multilevel Feedback Queue

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interactive jobs remains on top

CPU intensive jobs sink to bottom

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 Linux Scheduler
Active Expired

0 0

1 1

: :

139 139

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 move to
expired list and
recompute priority

ready running

join active list at

stay in active list
default priority
at same priority

new blocked exit

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 Linux Static Priority
0

“real time” jobs

default priority 120

99

user jobs
139
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 Linux Static Priority
0

“real time” jobs

time quantum
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-20 800ms
nice

user jobs
139 +19 5ms
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Linux Dynamic Priority
-5

sleep time -
run time

+5
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 Swap Active <-> Expired
Active Expired

0 0

1 1

: :

139 139

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