VII.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Precipitating Factors
Predisposing Factor Frequent contact with people
Physiologic (Immunity) who have the disease
Poor ventilation
Crowded/
Low Socioeconomic Status

System
Involved
Respiratory System

Etiology/ Cause
Air droplets from a cough or
sneeze of an infected person
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.
tuberculosis)

Molecular Changes Gross Anatomical

Air droplets from a cough or sneeze of Changes
an infected person
Productive Phlegm
Tubercle bacilli invasion in the apices Lesions on the lung tissues
of the
Lungs or near the pleurae of the lower Calcification of the affected
lobes lung tissues

Ineffective Gas exchange

Bronchopneumonia develops in the
brought by damaged
lung tissue
bronchioles
(Phagocytosed tubercle bacilli are
ingested by macrophages or the pus
Weight Loss
formation)

Necrotic Degeneration occur

Drainage of necrotic materials into the

tracheobronchial tree

Lesions may calcify (Ghon’s Tubecle)

Tubercle bacilli immunity develop

Acquired immunity leads to further

growth
 Lab
Physiologic Manifestation on Findings
Positive
Effect on Bodily Function Mantoux test
Fever Positive Sputum
Productive Phlegm Exam
Lesions on the lung tissues
Calcification of the affected lung tissues
Ineffective Gas exchange brought by
damaged bronchioles Radiological
Rapid Respiration to compensate with Studies
inadequate bronchioles Positive X-ray
Chest Pain Results
Weight Loss

Complications
Clinical Manifestation Skeletal Tuberculosis
Patient Productive Phlegm Genital Tract Tuberculosis
Compensates/ Weight Loss Urinary tract Tuberculosis
Fever CNS Tuberculosis
Recover/ Client’s GI Tuberculosis
Chest Pain
Manifestation Adrenal Tuberculosis
Body Malaise Scrofula Tuberculosis
Improved Fatigue Cardiac Tuberculosis
Negative X-ray

Final Diagnosis
Pulmonary
Tuberculosis
Category 1