Increase in Cigarette Taxes (in cents) Sorted Sum of values Square of values

60 8 652 64
20 12 144
40 18 324
40 20 400
45 30 900
12 31 961
34 32 1024
51 34 1156
30 40 1600
70 40 1600
42 42 1764
31 45 2025
69 50 2500
32 51 2601
8 60 3600
18 69 4761
50 70 4900

Q-8 The increase (in cents) in cigrette taxes for 17 states in a 6-month period are 60, 20, 40, 40, 45, 12, 34, 51, 30, 70,
42, 31, 69, 32, 8, 18, 50. Use the range rule of thumb to estimate the actual standard deviation.
 Square Sum of values Variance Std Deviation
30324 332.4 18.2

Range rule of thumb 15.5

The estimate is off by 2.7

to the calculated value

60, 20, 40, 40, 45, 12, 34, 51, 30, 70,
dard deviation.
Class Limit Frequency Midpoint Frequency X Midpoint Frequency X Midpoint^2
2.1-2.7 12 2.4 28.8 69.12
2.8-3.4 13 3.1 40.3 124.93
3.5-4.1 7 3.8 26.6 101.08
4.2-4.8 5 4.5 22.5 101.25
4.9-5.5 2 5.2 10.4 54.08
5.6-6.2 1 5.9 5.9 34.81
Sum
40 134.5 485.27

Variance 0.85
Stand Dev 0.92

Q22- Reaction time: In a study of reaction times to specific stimulus, a psychologist

recorded these data (in seconds).
(the data is shown above