Connexions module: m12610 1

Exponential Function e^st ∗

Richard Baraniuk
This work is produced by The Connexions Project and licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License †

f (t) = est (1)

such that s∈C

s = σ + iω (2)

f (t) = est = e(σ+iω)t

= eσt+iωt (3)

σt
= (e (cos (ωt) + isin (ω (t))))

note: e is the exponential magnitude and cos (ωt) + isin (ω (t)) is a complex sinusoid

Exercise 1 (Solution on p. 4.)

Plot R {f (t)} for σ>0

∗ Version 1.1: Jan 27, 2005 2:14 pm US/Central

† http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0

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1 Frequency Units

Figure 1

ei2πfo t = cos (2πfo t) + isin (2πfo t) (4)

2πfo = ωo (5)

note: See the applets and VIs!

s
It is convenient to view " " in est as a point in the complex frequency plane: the s-plane.

http://cnx.org/content/m12610/1.1/
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Figure 2

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Solutions to Exercises in this Module

Solution to Exercise 1 (p. 1)
R {f (t)} = eσt cos (ωt)

Figure 3

σ>0

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Connexions module: m12610 5

Figure 4

note: What about if σ < 0? What will i {f (t)} look like?

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