Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ACKOWLEDGEMET
This project deals with the analysis and design of the Auditorium of
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering with special emphasis on Slabs,
Beams, Columns, Footing and Staircase.
Analysis is carried out using Substitute Frame Analysis and
preliminary analysis of Beams is carried out using Moment Distribution
method.
Concrete mix used for the RCC members is M20 and steel used is
high yield strength deformed bars of grade Fe415. Limit State Method is
adopted for the design of all structural members in the building.
Safe bearing capacity of soil is taken as 200kN/m2. Footing is
designed as Isolated type. Plan and detailing of reinforcement are enclosed
in this report.
TABLE OF COTETS
ABSTRACT
LIST OF SYMBOLS
LIST OF FIGURES
1. ITRODUCTIO
1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 OBJECTIVES 2
1.3 DESIGN OF RC STRUCTURES 2
1.3.1 LIMIT STATE DESIGN 2
1.4 SLABS 3
1.4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF SLABS 3
1.5 BEAMS 4
1.5.1 DESIGN OF BEAMS 4
1.6 COLUMN 5
1.6.1 SHORT COLUMN 5
1.6.2 SLENDER COLUMN 5
1.6.3 CLASSIFICATION OF COLUM 5
1.7 FOOTING 6
1.7.1 TYPES OF COLUMN FOOTING 6
1.8 STAIRCASE 7
1.8.1 CLASSIFICATION OF STAIRS 7
4 AALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
METHOD OF SUBSTITTE FRAME ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS OF FRAMES
5 DESIG
SLABS
5.1.1. DESIGN OF SLABS
BEAMS
5.2.1 TYPES OF BEAMS
5.2.2 DESIGN OF L-BEAMS
5.2.3 DESIGN OF T-BEAMS
5.3 STAIRCASE
5.3.1 TYPES OF STAIRS
5.3.2 DESIGN OF DOGLEGGED STAIRCASE
5.4 COLUMN
5.4.1 TYPES OF COLUMN
5.4.2 DESIGN OF COLUMN
5.4.2.1 DESIGN OF AXIALLY LOADED COLUMN
5.4.2.2DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED COLUMN
5.4.2.3DESIGN OF BI AXIALLY LOADED COLUMN
5.5 FOOTING
5.5.1 TYPES OF FOOTING
5.5.2 DESIGN OF FOOTING
6 COCLUSIO
REFERECE
LIST OF FIGURES
d - Effective depth
D - Overall depth
P - Load
Mu - Design moment
D - Overall depth
L - Clear span
Le - Effective span
MF - Modification factor
M - Modular of rupture
1.1 GEERAL
Auditorium, Conference hall, Library and Indoor Games are
necessary for an Engineering college. In St.Xavier’s Catholic College of
Engineering, Library, Conference hall are located at different locations and
also there is no special building for Auditorium. This project reports on the
analysis and design of Auditorium, Library and Indoor Games hall in one
separate block.
1.6.2Slender columns
The ratio of Le to the least dimension is less than 12 are called
as slender column.
Classification of column
1. Axially loaded column
2. Eccentrically loaded column
3. Column subjected to axial load and moment
1.7 Footing
1. Isolated footing
2. Combined footing
3. Strap footing
4. Solid raft foundation
5. Annular raft foundation
1.8 Staircase
A staircase is a flight of steps leading from one floor to another.
It is provided to afford the means of ascent and descent between various
floors of the building. It should be suitably located in a building. In a
domestic building the stair should be centrally located to provide easy
access to all rooms. In public buildings stairs should be located near the
entrance. In big building there can be more than one stairs. Fire
protection to stairs is important too. Stairs are constructed using timber,
bricks, stone, steel or reinforced cement concrete.
1.8.1Classification of stairs
A B C D E F G
FRAME 1
Joint Member Relative stiffness Total stiffness Stiffness for each member
AB I/3.2 0.38
A A1 I/4 0.8125I 0.31
A2 I/4 0.31
BA I/3.2 0.28
B BC I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
B1 I/4 0.22
B2 I/4 0.22
CB I/3.2 0.32
C CD I/6.4 0.9688I 0.16
C1 I/4 0.26
C2 I/4 0.26
DC I/6.4 0.32
D DE I/6.4 0.8125I 0.32
D1 I/4 0.31
D2 I/4 0.31
ED I/6.4 0.32
E EF I/6.4 0.8125I 0.32
E1 I/4 0.31
E2 I/4 0.31
FE I/6.4 0.32
F FG I/6.4 0.8125 I 0.32
F1 I/4 0.31
F2 I/4 0.31
GF I/6.4 0.24
G G1 I/4 0.656I 0.38
G2 I/4 0.38
4.3.2 LOAD CALCLATIO
Beam name AB BC CD DE EF FG
DL kN / m2 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25
LL kN/m2 15 15 15 15 15 15
Area m2 2.56 2.56 7.99 7.99 7.99 7.99
Length m 3.2 3.2 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4
Total DL 6.6 6.6 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3
kN/ m
Total LL 12 12 18.73 18.73 18.73 18.73
kN /m
Dead load 3.375 3.375 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
due to rib
kN/m2
Total DL 14.975 14.975 17.23 17.23 17.23 17.23
kN/m2
Total load 26.975 26.975 35.96 35.96 35.96 35.96
kN/m2
JOINT-A
joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC DE
DF 0.38 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.16 0.32 0.32
Distribution -24.45
9.29
Net BM due -15.16
to A
JOINT-B
joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC DE
DF 0.38 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.16 0.32 0.32
JOINT-C
joint B C D E
Member BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF
DF 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.16 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32
FEM due 12.78 -58.81
to DL
FEM due -122.74 +122.74 -122.74 122.74
to LL
Distributio 15.39 -10.23
n+
Carryover
Distributio 138.13 -132.97
n -1.6512 -0.8256
joint B C D E
Member BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF
DF 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.16 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32
FEM due 12.78 -58.81
to DL
FEM due -122.74 +122.74 -122.74 122.74
to LL
Distributi 8.8 -10.23
on +
Carryove
r
Distributi 131.54 -132.97
on 0.46 0.46
Net BM 132 -132.51
due to A
JOINT-E
joint D E F G
Member DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
DF 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.24
JOINT-G
joint D E F G
Member DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
DF 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.24
Distributi 10.23
on +
Carryove
r
Distributi 132.97
on -31.91
Net BM 101.06
due to A
MID SPAN MOMENT AB
joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC DE
DF 0.38 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.16 0.32 0.32
FEM due to -12.78 12.78
DL
FEM due to -23.02 23.02 -122.74 122.74
TL
distribution 8.75 -2.87 35.18
moment
carry over -1.435 4.375 17.59
moment
distribtion 0.545 -6.15
joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC DE
DF 0.38 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.16 0.32 0.32
FEM due to -12.78 12.78 -58.81 58.81
DL
FEM due to -23.02 23.02 -122.74
TL
distribution 4.86 -2.87 11.45 20.46
moment
carry over 2.43 -5.73 -1.43 10.23
moment
distribtion 0.924 -2.816
Joint A B C D E F G
Column DF
Above floor 0.31 0.22 0.26 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.38
Below floor 0.31 0.22 0.26 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.38
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
DF 0.38 0.28 0.25 0.32 0.16 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.24
FEM due to -12.8 12. 8 -58.8 58.8 -58.8 58.81
DL
FEM due TL - 23.02 -122.7 122.7 -122.7 122.7
23.02
Distribution+ 1.43 2.43 5.73 1.28 -6.07 2.86 -6.07 6.07 6.07 -6.07 -14.73 6.07
carryover
Total -11.4 15.21 -17.3 24.3 -64.9 61.7 -128.8 128.8 -52.7 52.7 -137.5 128.8
Distribution
to column
3.52 0.46 10.55 20.14 22.82 25.42 -48.9
Above floor
Distribution
to column
3.52 0.46 10.55 20.14 22.82 25.42 -48.9
below floor
H I J K L M N
FRAME 2
Joint Member Relative stiffness Total stiffness Stiffness for each member
HI I/3.72 0.35
H H1 I/4 0.769I 0.33
H2 I/4 0.33
IH I/3.72 0.26
I IJ I/3.55 1.05I 0.27
I1 I/4 0.24
I2 I/4 0.24
JI I/3.55 0.3
J JK I/6.33 0.94I 0.17
J1 I/4 0.27
J2 I/4 0.27
KJ I/6.33 0.2
K KL I/6.43 0.81I 0.19
K1 I/4 0.31
K2 I/4 0.31
LK I/6.43 0.17
L LM I/3.55 0.937I 0.3
L1 I/4 0.27
L2 I/4 0.27
ML I/3.55 0.27
M MN I/3.72 1.05 I 0.26
M1 I/4 0.24
M2 I/4 0.24
NM I/3.72 0.35
N N1 I/4 0.769I 0.33
N2 I/4 0.33
4.3. 6 LOAD CALCLATIO
Beam name HI IJ JK KL LM MN
DL kN / m2 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25
LL kN/m2 15 15 15 15 15 15
Area m2 6.784 6.24 20.04 20.672 6.24 6.784
Length m 3.72 3.55 6.33 6.43 3.55 3.72
Total DL 15.045 14.5 26.12 26.52 14.5 15.045
kN/ m
Total LL 27.35 26.37 47.49 48.22 26.37 27.35
kN /m
Dead load 3.375 3.375 4.5 4.5 3.375 3.375
due to rib
kN/m2
Total DL 18.42 17.875 30.62 31.02 17.875 18.42
kN/m2
Total load 45.77 44.245 78.11 79.24 44.245 45.77
kN/m2
JOINT-H
joint H I J K
Member HI IH IJ JI JK KJ KL
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.2 0.19
Distribution -57.2
20.02
Net BM due -37.18
to H
JOINT-I
joint H I J K
Member HI IH IJ JI JK KJ KL
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.2 0.19
JOINT-J
joint I J K L
Member IH IJ JI JK KJ KL LK LM
DF 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.2 0.19 0.17 0.3
FEM due 102.24 -102.24
to DL
FEM due -46.47 46.47 -260.81 260.81
to LL
Distributio -7.53 -15.39
n+
Carryover
Distributio 38.94 -276.2
n 71.18 40.33
JOINT-L
joint K L M N
Member KJ KL LK LM ML MN NM
DF 0.2 0.19 0.17 0.3 0.27 0.26 0.35
JOINT-N
joint K L M N
Member KJ KL LK LM ML MN NM
DF 0.2 0.19 0.17 0.3 0.27 0.26 0.35
Distribution 4.42
+ Carryover
Distribution 57.2
-17.16
Net BM due 40.04
to N
MID SPAN MOMENT HI
joint H I J K
Member HI IH IJ JI JK KJ KL
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.2 0.19
FEM due to -18.77 18.77
DL
FEM due to -52.78 52.78 -260.81 260.81
TL
distribution 18.47 -8.99 72.6
moment
carry over -4.495 9.235 36.3
moment
distribution 1.573 -11.84
joint H I J K
Member HI IH IJ JI JK KJ KL
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.2 0.19
FEM due to -102.24 102.24 -102.24 102.24
DL
FEM due to -46.47 46.47 -273.01
TL
distribution 35.78 -15.06 16.73 34.15
moment
carry over 17.89 8.36 -7.53 17.1
moment
distribution -7.09 -2.87
joint H I J K L M N
Column DF
Above floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Below floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Member HI IH IJ JI JK KJ KL LK LM ML MN NM
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.3 0.27 0.26 0.35
FEM due to -18.8 18.8 -106.9 106.9 -21.24 21.24
DL
FEM due TL -52.78 52.78 -260.8 260.8 -46.5 46.5
Distribution+ -4.421 9.24 36.31 -4.56 -14.62 20.57 -5.13 -14.6 -3.41 -9.06 -3.72 -3.28
carryover
Total -57.2 62.02 17.51 14.18 -275.4 281.4 -112.0 92.26 -49.9 37.41 -24.96 17.96
Distribution
to column
18.88 -19.09 70.54 -52.50 -11.44 -2.988 -5.93
Above floor
Distribution
to column
18.88 -19.09 70.54 -52.50 -11.44 -2.988 -5.93
below floor
joint H I J K L M N
Column DF
Above floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Below floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Member HI IH IJ JI JK KJ KL LK LM ML MN NM
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.3 0.27 0.26 0.35
FEM due to -21.24 21.24 - 102.2 -18.77 18.77
DL 102.24 4
FEM due TL -46.5 46.5 -273 273 -52.78 52.78
Distribution+ 3.28 3.72 8.37 3.41 16.22 4.74 -21.61 16.22 4.59 -38.2 -9.24 4.42
carryover
Total -17.96 24.96 -38.1 49.88 -86.02 106.9 -294.6 289.2 -14.18 -19.4 -62.02 57.2
Distribution
to column
5.93 3.15 9.76 58.17 -74.26 19.53 -18.9
Above floor
Distribution
to column
5.93 3.15 9.76 58.17 -74.26 19.53 -18.9
below floor
O P Q R S T U
FRAME 3
4
.3.11 MOMET CALCULATIO AT JOITS
JOINT-O
joint O P Q R
Member OP PO PQ QP QR RQ RS
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.19 0.19
Distribution -68.32
23.912
Net BM due -44.41
to O
JOINT-P
joint O P Q R
Member OP PO PQ QP QR RQ RS
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.19 0.19
JOINT-Q
joint O P Q R
Member OP PO PQ QP QR RQ RS
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.19 0.19
JOINT-S
joint Q R S T
Member QP QR RQ RS SR ST TS TU
DF 0.3 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.3 0.27 0.26
FEM due 90.16 -55.45
to DL
FEM due -220.68 +220.68 -50.19 50.19
to LL
Distributio 12.4 0.71
n+
Carryover
Distributio 233.08 -49.48
n -31.212 -55.08
JOINT U
joint R S T U
Member RQ RS SR ST TS TU UT
DF 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.3 0.27 0.26 0.35
Distributi 5.2
on +
Carryove
r
Distributi 68.32
on -23.912
Net BM 44.41
due to U
MID SPAN MOMENT OP
joint O P Q R
Member OP PO PQ QP QR RQ RS
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.19 0.19
FEM due to -23.15 23.15
DL
FEM due to -63.12 63.12 -211.9 211.9
TL
distribution 22.1 -10.39 56.6
moment
carry over -5.195 11.05 28.3
moment
distribution 1.818 -10.23
joint O P Q R
Member OP PO PQ QP QR RQ RS
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.19 0.19
FEM due to -55.45 55.45 -90.16 90.16
DL
FEM due to -50.19 50.19 -220.68
TL
distribution 19.41 -1.42 11.99 20.46
moment
carry over 9.71 5.99 -0.71 12.35
moment
distribution -4.24 -3.5
Net -33.27 59
moment
joint O P Q R S T U
Column DF
Above floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Below floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Member OP PO PQ QP QR RQ RS SR ST TS TU UT
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.3 0.27 0.26 0.35
FEM due to -23.2 23.2 -93.68 93.68 -55.45 55.45
DL
FEM due TL -63.12 63.12 -211.9 211.9 -50.19 50.19
Distribution+ -5.2 11.05 28.31 -5.4 -11.23 16.04 -3.7 -11.2 0.71 -6.52 -9.7 0.68
carryover
Total -68.32 74.17 -5.16 17.75 -223.1 227.9 -97.38 82.45 -49.48 43.67 -65.15 56.13
Distribution
to column
22.55 -16.56 55.45 -40.47 -8.9 5.15 -18.5
Above floor
Distribution
to column
22.55 -16.56 55.45 -40.47 -8.9 5.15 -18.5
below floor
joint O P Q R S T U
Column DF
Above floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Below floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Member OP PO PQ QP QR RQ RS SR ST TS TU UT
DF 0.35 0.26 0.27 0.3 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.3 0.27 0.26 0.35
FEM due to -55.45 55.45 -90.16 90.16 -23.2 23.2
DL
FEM due TL -50.2 50.2 -220.7 220.7 -63.12 63.12
Distribution+ -0.68 9.7 5.6 -0.71 12.4 3.4 -16.79 12.4 5.4 -29.6 -11.05 5.2
carryover
Total -56.13 65.15 -44.2 49.48 -77.76 93.56 -237.5 233.1 -17.75 -6.48 -74.17 68.32
Distribution
to column
18.52 -5.03 7.63 44.61 -58.14 19.36 -22.6
Above floor
Distribution
to column
18.52 -5.03 7.63 44.61 -58.14 19.36 -22.6
below floor
A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 H1 I1 J1 K1 L1 M1 N1 O1 P1 Q1 R1 S1 T1 U1
FRAME 4
Joint Member Relative stiffness Total stiffness Stiffness for each member
A1B1 I/3.2 0.38
A1 A11 I/4 0.8125I 0.31
A12 I/4 0.31
B1A1 I/3.2 0.28
B1 B1C1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
B11 I/4 0.22
B12 I/4 0.22
C1B1 I/3.2 0.28
C1 C1D1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
C1 1 I/4 0.22
C1 2 I/4 0.22
D1C1 I/3.2 0.28
D1 D1E1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
D11 I/4 0.22
D12 I/4 0.22
E1D1 I/3.2 0.28
E1 E1F1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
E1 1 I/4 0.22
E1 2 I/4 0.22
F1E1 I/3.2 0.28
F1 F1G1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
F11 I/4 0.22
F12 I/4 0.22
G1F1 I/3.2 0.28
G1 G1H1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
G11 I/4 0.22
G12 I/4 0.22
H1G1 I/3.2 0.28
H1 H1I1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
H11 I/4 0.22
H12 I/4 0.22
I1H1 I/3.2 0.28
I1 I1J1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
I11 I/4 0.22
I12 I/4 0.22
J1I1 I/3.2 0.28
J1 J1K1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
J1 1 I/4 0.22
J1 2 I/4 0.22
K1J1 I/3.2 0.28
K1 K1L1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
K11 I/4 0.22
K12 I/4 0.22
L1K1 I/3.2 0.28
L1 L1M1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
L11 I/4 0.22
L12 I/4 0.22
M1L1 I/3.2 0.28
M1 M1N1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
M1 1 I/4 0.22
M1 2 I/4 0.22
N1M1 I/3.2 0.28
N1 N1O1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
N11 I/4 0.22
N12 I/4 0.22
O1N1 I/3.2 0.28
O1 O1P1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
O11 I/4 0.22
O12 I/4 0.22
P1O1 I/3.2 0.28
P1 P1Q1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
P1 1 I/4 0.22
P1 2 I/4 0.22
Q1P1 I/3.2 0.28
Q1 Q1R1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
Q11 I/4 0.22
Q12 I/4 0.22
R1Q1 I/3.2 0.28
R1 R1S1 I/3.2 1.125I 0.28
R1 1 I/4 0.22
R1 2 I/4 0.22
S1R1 I/3.2 0.32
S1 S1T1 I/6.4 0.9688I 0.16
S1 1 I/4 0.26
S1 2 I/4 0.26
T1S1 I/6.4 0.2
T1 T1U1 I/8.16 0.7788I 0.16
T1 1 I/4 0.32
T1 2 I/4 0.32
U1T1 I/8.16 0.2
U1 U11 I/4 0.6225I 0.4
U12 I/4 0.4
JOINT-B1
joint A1 B1 C1 D1
Member A 1B 1 B 1A 1 B1C1 C1B1 C1D1 D1C1 D1E1
JOINT-D1
joint B1 C1 D1 E1
Member B 1A 1 B1C1 C1B1 C1D1 D1C1 D1E1 E1D1 E 1F 1
JOINT-F1
joint D1 E1 F1 G1
Member D1C1 D1E1 E1D1 E 1F 1 F 1E 1 F 1G 1 G 1F 1 G1H1
JOINT-H1
joint F1 G1 H1 I1
Member F 1E 1 F 1G 1 G 1F 1 G 1H 1 H1G1 H1I1 I1H1 I 1J 1
JOINT-J1
joint H1 I1 J1 K1
Member H1G1 H1I1 I1H1 I 1J 1 J 1I 1 J 1K 1 K 1J 1 K1L1
JOINT-L1
joint J1 K1 L1 M1
Member J 1I 1 J 1K 1 K 1J 1 K 1L 1 L1K1 L1M1 M1L1 M1N1
JOINT-N1
joint L1 M1 N1 O1
Member L1K1 L1M1 M1L1 M1N1 N1M1 N1O1 O1N1 O 1P 1
JOINT-P1
joint N1 O1 P1 Q1
Member N1M1 N1O1 O1N1 O 1P 1 P 1O 1 P 1Q 1 Q 1P 1 Q1R1
JOINT-R1
joint P1 Q1 R1 S1
Member P 1 O 1 P 1 Q 1 Q 1P 1 Q1R1 R1Q1 R1S1 S1R1 S 1T 1
JOINT-T1
joint R1 S1 T1 U1
Member R1Q1 R1S1 S 1T 1 S 1T 1 T 1S 1 T1U1 U1T1
Distributio 12.45
n+
Carryover
Distributio 254.65
n -50.93
Net BM 203.72
due to U1
MID SPAN MOMENT A1B1
joint A1 B1 C1 D1
Member A 1B 1 B 1A 1 B 1C 1 C1B1 C1D1 D1C1 D1E1
F
ree BM at the centre of the span A1B1
= Wl2/8
=(40.575 * 3.22) / 8
=51.936 kNm
joint A1 B1 C1 D1
Member A 1B 1 B 1A 1 B 1C 1 C1B1 C1D1 D1C1 D1E1
DF 0.38 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28
FEM due to -14.14 14.14 -14.14 14.14
DL
FEM due to -34.624 34.624 -34.624
TL
distribution 5.37 5.74 -5.74 5.74
moment
carry over 2.685 2.87 -2.87 2.87
moment
distribution 0.052 -1.61
F
ree BM at the centre of the span F1G1
= Wl2/8
=(40.575 * 3.22) / 8
=51.936 kNm
F
ree BM at the centre of the span H1I1
= Wl2/8
=(40.575 * 3.22) / 8
=51.936 kNm
F
ree BM at the centre of the span K1L1
= Wl2/8
=(40.575 * 3.22) / 8
=51.936 kNm
F
ree BM at the centre of the span L1M1
= Wl2/8
=(40.575 * 3.22) / 8
=51.936 kNm
F
ree BM at the centre of the span M1N1
= Wl2/8
=(40.575 * 3.22) / 8
=51.936 kNm
F
ree BM at the centre of the span N1O1
= Wl2/8
=(40.575 * 3.22) / 8
=51.936 kNm
F
ree BM at the centre of the span P1Q1
= Wl2/8
=(40.575 * 3.22) / 8
=51.936 kNm
F
ree BM at the centre of the span Q1R1
= Wl2/8
=(40.575 * 3.22) / 8
=51.936 kNm
F
ree BM at the centre of the span S1T1
= Wl2/8
=(216.23 * 3.22) / 8
=276.77 kNm
F
ree BM at the centre of the span T1U1
= Wl2/8
=(43.65 * 8.162) / 8
=363.3kNm
joint H1 I1 J1 K1 L1 M1 N1
Column DF
Above floor 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Below floor 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Member H1 G1 H1 I 1 I 1 H1 I1 J 1 J 1 I1 J 1 K1 K1 J 1 K1 E 1 L1 K1 L1 M1 M1 L1 M 1 N1 N 1M 1 N 1O 1
DF 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28
FEM due to -14.2 14.2 -14.2 14.2 -14.2 14.2 -14.2
DL
FEM due 34.62 - 34.62 - 34.62 - 34.62
TL 34.62 34.62 34.62
Distribution 2.87 2.87 -2.87 -2.87 2.87 2.87 -2.87 -2.87 2.87 2.87 -2.87 -2.87 2.87 2.87
+ carryover
Total 37.5 -11.3 11.3 -37.5 37.5 -11.3 11.3 -37.5 37.5 -11.3 11.3 -37.5 37.5 -11.3
Distribution
to column
-5.77 5.77 -5.77 5.77 -5.77 5.77 -5.77
Above floor
Distribution
to column
-5.77 5.77 -5.77 5.77 -5.77 5.77 -5.77
below floor
joint O1 P1 Q1 R1 S1 T1 U1
Column DF
Above floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Below floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Member O 1N 1 O 1P 1 P 1O 1 P 1Q 1 Q 1P 1 Q1R1 R1Q1 R1S1 S1R1 S1T1 T1S1 T 1U 1 U 1T 1
DF 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.16 0.2 0.16 0.2
FEM due to 14.2 -14.2 14.2 -14.2 14.2 -102.1 102.1
DL
FEM due TL -34.62 34.62 -34.62 34.62 -216.2 216.2
Distribution+ -2.87 -2.87 2.87 2.87 -2.87 -2.87 2.87 32.33 -2.87 -11.42 16.17 -10.2 -9.14
carryover
Total 11.3 -37.5 37.5 -11.3 11.3 -37.5 37.5 -11.3 11.3 227.65 232.4 -112.2 92.9
Distribution
to column
5.77 -5.77 5.77 -12.25 -62.12 -38.45 -37.2
Above floor
Distribution
to column
5.77 -5.77 5.77 -12.25 -62.12 -38.45 -37.2
below floor
joint A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 G1
Column DF
Above floor 0.31 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Below floor 0.31 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Member A1 B1 B1A1 B1 C1 C1 B1 C1 D1 D1 C1 D1 E 1 E 1D 1 E1 F1 F1E1 F1 G1 G1F1 G 1H 1
DF 0.39 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28
FEM due to -14.2 14.2 -14.2 14.2 -14.2 14.2 -14.2
DL
FEM due TL -34.6 34.62 -34.62 34.62 -34.62 34.62 -34.62
Distribution+ 2.87 2.76 -2.87 2.87 2.87 -2.87 -2.87 2.87 2.87 -2.87 -2.87 2.87 2.87
carryover
Total 11.3 16.9 -37.5 37.49 -11.3 11.3 -37.49 37.49 -11.3 11.3 -37.49 37.49 -11.3
Distribution
to column
-3.49 4.53 -5.77 5.77 -5.77 5.77 -5.77
Above floor
Distribution
to column
-3.49 4.53 -5.77 5.77 -5.77 5.77 -5.77
below floor
joint H1 I1 J1 K1 L1 M1 N1
Column DF
Above floor 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Below floor 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Member H1 G1 H1 I 1 I 1 H1 I1 J 1 J 1 I1 J 1 K1 K1 J 1 K1 E 1 L1 K1 L1 M1 M1 L1 M 1 N1 N 1M 1 N 1O 1
DF 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28
FEM due to 14.2 -14.2 14.2 -14.2 14.2 -14.2 14.2
DL
FEM due - 34.62 - 34.62 - 34.62 -34.62
TL 34.62 34.62 34.62
Distribution -2.87 -2.87 2.87 2.87 -2.87 -2.87 2.87 2.87 -2.87 -2.87 2.87 2.87 -2.87 -2.87
+ carryover
Total 11.3 -37.5 37.5 -11.3 11.3 -37.5 37.5 -11.3 11.3 -37.5 37.5 -11.3 11.3 -37.5
Distribution
to column
5.77 -5.77 5.77 -5.77 5.77 -5.77 5.77
Above floor
Distribution
to column
5.77 -5.77 5.77 -5.77 5.77 -5.77 5.77
below floor
joint O1 P1 Q1 R1 S1 T1 U1
Column DF
Above floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Below floor 0.33 0.24 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.33
Member O 1N 1 O 1P 1 P 1O 1 P 1Q 1 Q 1P 1 Q1R1 R1Q1 R1S1 S1R1 S1T1 T1S1 T 1U 1 U 1T 1
DF 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.16 0.2 0.16 0.2
FEM due to -14.2 14.2 -14.2 14.2 -86.63 86.63
DL
FEM due TL 34.62 -34.6 34.62 -34.62 34.62 -242.2 242.2
Distribution+ 2.87 2.87 -2.87 -2.87 2.87 2.87 -2.87 8.32 2.87 15.56 4.16 -24.22 12.45
carryover
Total 37.5 -11.3 11.3 -37.5 37.5 -11.3 11.3 -26.31 37.5 -71.1 90.79 -266.4 254.7
Distribution
to column
-5.77 5.77 -5.77 3.31 8.73 56.2 -102
Above floor
Distribution
to column
-5.77 5.77 -5.77 3.31 8.73 56.2 -102
below floor
CHAPTER 5
5.DESIG
5.1SLABS
The most common type of structural element used to cover floors and
roofs of building are reinforced concrete slabs of different types. One
way slabs are those supported on the two opposite sides so that the
loads are carried along one direction only. Two way slabs are
supported on all four sides with such dimensions such that the loads
are carried to the supports along both directions.
Restrained slabs are referred to as slabs whose corners are prevented from
lifting. They may be supported on continuous or discontinuous edges.
5.1.1 DESIG OF SLAB
Dimensions
Lx =3.2
Ly =5.5
Span ratio =5.5 /3.2
=1.1<2
ie, Two way slab
Assume ,
Overall depth =150-20
D =130mm
Load calculation
Live load =10kN/m2
Light patrician =1kN/m2
D.L =(0.15*25)
=3.75kN/m2
Floor finish =0.75kN/m2
Total load =15.5kN/m2
Factored load =1.5*15.5
= 23.25kN/m2
1) Lx =3.2+(0.23/2)+(0.23/2)
=3.43
2) Ly =3.55+(0.23/2)+(0.23/2)
=3.78
Lx =3.33
Ly =3.78
Bending moment
Mx =αx wlx2
My =αy wlx2
Lx / Ly =1.1
Lx =0.074
Ly =0.061
Mx =0.074*23.25*3.432
=20.24kNm
My =0.061*23.25*3.432
=16.69kNm
150
ly/8
437.5
3200
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
OF TWO WAY SLAB
Dimensions
c/c of support = 3.2+(0.3/2)+(0.3/2) = 3.5m
Thickness of slabs = 150 mm
fy = 20 N/mm2
fck = 415 N/mm2
Width of beam = 300 mm
Overall depth = 300 mm
Effective cover = 25 mm
Effective depth = 300-25-10=265mm
Effective span
a) c/c of supports = 3.2 +(0.3/2) +(0.32/2) = 3.5 m
b) Clear span + d = 3.2 +0.265 = 3.465m
Hence, l = 3.465 m
Load calculation
Dead load of slab = (3.465/2)*0.15*25 = 6.5 kN/m
Floor finish = 0.75*(3.465/2) = 1.3 kN/m
Self weight of rib = 0.3 *0.15 *25 = 1.125 kN/m
Live load = 4*(3.465/2) = 6.93 kN/m
Total load = 16.855 kN/m
Reinforcement
Shear reinforcement
τve =Ve/ bw *d = 1.45 N/ mm2
Pt= (100* Ast)/( bw *d) = 0.79
Ref table 19 of IS456 2000
τc=0.56N/ mm2
Hence shear reinforcement are required using 10mm dia 2 legged
stirrups with side cover 25mm top+ bottom cover of 25mm
b1= 300-25-25 = 250mm
d1= 300-25-25 = 250mm
Asv= 157 mm2
σc = Asv *0.87*fy/ (τv – τc)*b = 214.6
Provide 10mm dia 2 legged stirrups @200mm spacing
Check for deflection
(L/d)max = (L/d)basic *kt * kc* kf
(L/d)basic = 20 [for simply supported]
(L/d)max = 20*1*1*1.04 = 20.8
(L/d)actual = 3200/300 = 10.66
(L/d)max > (L/d)actual
Hence the design is safe
2 nos of 20mm dia bars
3500
Load calculation
Dead load of slab =(3.465/2)*0.15*25
=6.5kN/m
Floor finish =0.75*(3.465/2)
=1.3kN/m
Self weight of rib =0.3*0.15*25
=1.125kN/m
Live load =4*(3.465/2)
=6.93kN/m
Light partition =1kN/m
Total load =16.855kN/m
Ultimate moment and shear
Mu =1.5wl2/8
=(1.5*16.855*3.4652)/8
=37.935kN/m
Vu =wl/2
=(16.855*3.465)/2
=43.8kN/m
Effective width of flange
Refer page no 36 clause 23,
1. bf =L0/b+bw+6Df
=(3.465*0.7)/6+300+(6*150)
=1604.25mm
2. c/c of rib =3000-(300/2)-(300/2)
=2700mm
Ie, bf =1604.25mm
Moment capacity of flange
Assume N.A lies with in the flange
Xu(max)=Df , b=bf
Mu(limit) =(0.36*Xu(max))/d *(1-(0.42Xu(max)/d))*(bd2fck)
=0.36*(150/265) *[1-(0.42*150)/26]*(1604.25*2652*20)
=349.98kNm
Mu < Mu(limit)
Hence the section is under reinforced.
Since the section should design as a singly reinforced beam.
Find Ast
Mu =0.87fy Ast d [1-( Ast fy /bf d fck)]
37.935*106=0.87*415* Ast *265*[1-( Ast *415/1604*265*20)]
Ast =404.46mm2
Check for Ast min
Ast min/bw d =0.85/fy
Ast =(0.85*300*265) /415
=162.83mm2
Ast > Ast min
Ast =404.46mm2
N*πd2/4 =404.46
N =2 nos.
Ast provide,
Provide 2 nos of 20mm dia bars
=2*π202/4
=628mm2
And two longer bars of 12mm dia on the compression face .
Shear reinforcement
τv =Vu/bw d
=43.8*103/300*265
=0.55
Pt =100 Ast /bw d
=(100*π/4*202*2)/300*265
=0.79
τc =0.56+((0.62-0.56)/(1-0.75))*(0.79-0.75)
=0.57
τv<τc
Minimum shear reinforcement in the form of stirrups shall be provided.
Design of shear reinforcement
Asv/b Sv =0.4/0.87*fy
Sv =302.47mm
The spacing should not exceed 300mm
Sv =300mm
Provide 8mm dia bars 2 legged stirrups at 300mmc/c.
Check for deflection control
(L/d)max =(L/d)basic*kt*kf*kc
(L/d)basic =20*0.8
=16
fsc =0.58*fy* Ast req/ Ast pro
=0.58*415*404.46/628
fsc =155
kt =1.5,pt=0.78,kf=1,kc=0.8
(L/d)act =3200/265
=12.075
(L/d)max =16*1.5*1*0.8
=19.2
(L/d)act < (L/d)max .
Hence safe.
8mm dia 2 legged stirrups
@300mm c/c
2 nos of 12mm dia bars
150
3500
5.3.1Types of stairs
The different types of reinforced cement concrete stairs are:
1. Straight stairs
2. Dog-legged stairs
3. Open well stairs
4. Quarter turn stairs
5. Geometrical stairs
6. Circular stairs
7. Spiral stair
Dog-legged type of stair is selected and designed for the proposed
auditorium.
5.3.2 DESIG OF DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE
Dimensions
Room size =6.4*3.6m
Height of room =4m
Live load =5kN/m2
fy =415N/mm2
fck =20N/mm2
Assume
Tread =300mm
Riser =125mm
It is proposed to provide 2 flights for the stairway, Hence,
The height of each flight =vertical distance/2
=4/2
=2m
No of steps required =2/0.125
=16nos
No of treads in each flight = No of riser-1
=16-1
=15
Space occupied by threads =15*0.3
=4.5m
Assume width of landing =1.25m
Hence space left for passage =6.4-4.5-1.25
=0.65m
Let as assume bearing of landing as 150mm
ie, Effective span of flight =4.5+1.25+0.15/2
=5.8m
Let the thickness of waist slab be 200mm,
This can be assumed as 40mm to 50mm/m span
Load calculation
Dead load of waist slab =w’*√(R2+T2)/T
=0.2*√(0.1252+0.32)/0.3
=5.5kN/m2
Dead load of slab =125/2
=62.5(average)
ie, dead load =0.0625*25
=1.56kN/m2
Main reinforcement
Mu=0.87fyAst*d[1-fy Ast/bdfck]
76.699*106=0.87*415*Ast*180*[1-(415*Ast/1000*20*180)]
Ast=1408.9mm2
Spacing with 10mm dia bars
Sv=(1000*¶/4*102)/1408.9
Sv=55.75mm
Provide 10mm dia bars 100mm c/c
Distributor Reinforcement
Provide Astmin =0.12% of cs area and assume 8mm dia bars
Astmin =0.12/100*1000 *200
=240mm2
Spacing =1000(π/4)*82/240
=209.44mm
Provide 8mm dia bars@200mm c/c
Assume top finish =0.1kN/m2
Live load =25kN/m2
ie, Total load =5.5+1.56+0.1+0.5
=12.16kN/m2
Factored load =1.5*12.16
=18.24kN/m2
Factored moment =wl2/8
=18.24*5.82/8
Distributor Reinforcement
Provide =0.12% and assume 8mm Dia bars
Astmin =0.12/100*1000 *200
=240mm2
Spacing =1000(π/4)*82/240
=209.44mm
Provide 8mm dia bars@200c/c
Assume top finish =0.1kN/m2
Live load =25kN/m2
ie, Total load =5.5+1.56+0.1+0.5
=12.16kN/m2
Factored load =1.5*12.16
=18.24kN/m2
Factored moment =wl2/8
=18.24*5.82/8
=76.699kNm
Check for depth for waist slab
D =√Mu/(0.138fckb)
=√76.699*106/(0.138*20*1000)
=166.7
But, D =200mm
D =200-20
=180>166.7
Hence ok.
Tread = 300mm
Riser =125mm
Thickness of flight = 200mm
12mm dia bars @ 100mm c/c
8mm dia bars @ 200mm c/c
Dimensions
Factored load =1200kN
Concrete grade =M20
Characteristic strength of reinforcement =415N/mm2
Unsupported length of column =3.55m
Cross sectional area of column =400*300
Leff =k*L
k =0.65(effectively held in
position at both ends)
Leff =0.65*3550
=2307mm
Slenderness ratio
Leff /D =2307/400
=5.8<12
Leff /d =2307/300=7.7<12
ie, column is designed as short column
Minimum eccentricity
emin1 =2307/500+400/30=17.9mm
emin2 =2307/500+300/30=14.6mm
From clause 39.3 Is 456-2000
400*0.05=20>17.9
300*0.05=15>14.6
ie, codal formula for axially compressed column can be used.
Longitudinal reinforcement
Pu =[0.4fck Ac+0.67fy-0.4fck)Ast]
1200*103 =[(0.4*20*400*300)+[(.67*415)-(0.4*20)]Asc
Asc =888.7mm2
Minimum reinforcement provided
=0.008*400*300=960mm2
ie, Provide 6 nos of 20 mm dia bars of longitudinal reinforcement
Lateral ties
Tie diameter >6mm
<16mm
Provide 8mm diameter ties
Tie spacing > 16*20=320mm
ie, provide 8mm dia ties @ 300mm c/c
Lateral ties 8mm dia bars
@ 300mm c/c
6 nos of 20mm dia bars
Dimensions
Size of column = 400mm×300mm
Load, Pu = 650 kN
Factored moment= 127 kNm
Eccentricity = 127/650 = 0.19
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 415 N/mm2
D =400mm
b =300mm
Spacing = 400-(50+50+20)
= 280mm < 300mm
Hence safe
Dimension
b = 450mm
D = 600mm
fck =20 N/mm2
fy = 414 N/mm2
Pu = 590.6 kN
Mux= 150 kN
Muy= 106 kN
Reinforcements
Reinforcements are distributed equally on four sides
As a trial adopt percentage of reinforcement in the CS as p =1%
As = pbD/100 = 1*450*600/100
= 2700mm2
Provide 10 bars of 20mm dia on each face
As = 10*π*202/4
= 3141.6mm2
P = (100*3141.6)/(450*600)
= 1.16
p/ fck = 1.16/20 =0.058
d`= 40+10 = 50mm
Pu/ fck bD = (590.6*103)/(20*450*300)
= 0.12
d`/D = 50/600 =0.08
from chart 44 of SP16
Mu/ fck bD2 = 0.09
For moments about minor axis yy
b= 450mm
d`=40+10=50mm
d`/D = 50/450 =0.111
Pu/ fck bD = 0.12
From chart 44 for d`/D=0.15
Mu/ fck bD2 = 0.09
Muy1=0.09*20*600*4502
= 218.7 kNm
Puz= 0.45 fck Ac+0.75 fy As
=0.45*20[(600*450)-314.6]+[0.75*415*3141.6*10-3]
= 3379.55kN
Pu/ Puz = (590.6/3379.55)=0.175
According to IS456 clause 39.6
αn =1.04
(Mux/ Mux1) αn +( Muy/ Muy1) αn = 0.97<1
Hence the section is safe
Design of lateral ties
According to IS456:2000,
Dia of lateral ties not less than 6mm and not greater than 16mm
Take 8mm dia ties
Spacing should not be greater than 300mm or 16φ=16*20= 320mm
Hence provide 8mm φ bars @ 300mm c/c
Lateral ties 8mm dia bars
@300mm c/c
5.5.1Types of footing
1) Isolated footing
2) Combined footing
3) Spread footing
4) Raft footing
5.5.2 DESIG OF FOOTIG
Dimension
Factored load, Pu = 1200 kN
Size of column = 400 × 300 mm
SBC of soil = 200 kN/m2
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 415 N/mm2
Size footing
Load on column = 1200 kN
Weight of footing and backfill at 10% = 120 kN
Area of footing =(1200+120)/(1.5*200)
= 4.4 m2
Adopt 2.5m×2m rectangular footing
Net soil pressure at ultimate load is given by,
qu = 1320/(2.5*2)
= 264 kN/ mm2
One way shear
Critical section is at a distance ‘d’ from the column face
Factored shear force, Vu1 = (0.264*2500)(1050-d)
= 660(1050-d)
Assuming percentage of reinforced cement, Pt = 0.25%
For M20 grade concrete, from table 19 IS456:2000
τc = 0.36 N/mm2
one way shear resistance, Vc1 = 0.36*2500*d
= 900d
Equating both,
660(1050-d) = 900d
Hence d = 442.3 mm
Two way shear
Assuming effective depth = 443 mm
Two way shear resistance at a critical section (d/2) from face of
column,
Then, Vu2 = 0.264{(2500*2000)-[(400+d)(300+d)]}
= 0.264{(2500*2000)-[(400+443)(300+443)]}
= 1154.6 kN
Two way shear resistance, Vc2 is computed on,
Vc2 = Ks τc [2(400+d)+2(300+d)]d
Ks = 1
τc = 0.25√k
= 1.118 N/mm2
Hence, Vc2 = 1565.2d+4.47d2
Equating both,
1154644=1565.2d+4.47 d2
d= 362 mm
Therefore one way shear is critical
Adopt effective depth = 450mm
Overall depth = 550mm
Ultimate moment at column face = 0.264*2000*10502/2
= 291.06 kNm
291.06*106 = 0.87fyAstd[1-(Astfy/bdfck)]
291.06*106 = 162472.5 Ast – 7.49 Ast2
Ast = 1970.4mm2
Pt = 100 Ast/bd
=(100*1970.4)/(1000*450)
= 0.43>0.25
Assuming 60mm dia bars,
Spacing = 1000ast/ Ast
=1000*π*162/(4*1970.4)
=105mm
Hence, provide 16mm dia bars @100mm c/c in both directions.
GL
Column Reinforcement