Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1) Arrange the cards in order of increasing atomic
weight.
2) Try sorting the cards into several different groups
based on their properties. Find a method of grouping
that makes the most sense to you.
3) Look for patterns within the groups. Arrange the
cards in a way that highlights the patterns you notice.
Title: Oct 158:38 AM (1 of 14)
Section 6.1
Basic Info on Periodic Table:
Arranged in rows and columns by increasing atomic
number (see Figure 6.4 for the lathanide/actinide series
w/in the table).
Rows are named periods and elemental traits change
along a period.
Columns are named groups and traits repeat down a
column
Elements:
All elements can be described as metals, metalloids or
nonmetals.
Metals conduct heat and electricity and are usually
solid (except for mercury).
Nonmetals are the opposite of metals (do not
conduct heat or electricity).
Metalliods can behave like both metals and non
metals depending on the conditions.
Title: Nov 910:50 AM (2 of 14)
Section 6.2
Consult pgs. 162163 and compile a list of everything you
can learn about an element from its periodic table square.
Title: Nov 911:01 AM (3 of 14)
There is a direct pattern that related the electron
configuration of elements and their position on the periodic
table (Figure 6.12, pg 166).
Use this patterm (not an Aufbau diagram) to solve practice
problems 8 and 9 (pg. 167).
Title: Nov 911:04 AM (4 of 14)
Noble Gases
Look at the atomic properties of noble gases on page R36.
Use what you know about the structure of atoms to explain
why the color produced in a gas discharge tube is different
for each gas.
Title: Nov 911:09 AM (5 of 14)
Section 6.3
We know that periodic trends exist ... but what exactly
are they?
Look at Figure 6.14 to determine what patterns exists
between the atomic size and elements down a group
and across a period.
How did they figure out an atom's size, anyway? Check
out Figure 6.13.
Why would it be hard to determine the size of an atom?
Title: Nov 91:54 PM (6 of 14)
There are two things that effect atomic size:
1) The number of protons: the more protons there are,
the greater the positive charge and the stronger the pull
on electrons. That means that if there are more protons
they pull the electrons closer in and the atom gets
smaller.
2) The number of sublevels: the more sublevels there
are,the more space they take up. Sublevels also shield
the outer electrons from the pull of the protons' positive
charge. Therefore, an increased number of sublevels
causes an increase in atomic size.
Across a period the number of sublevels remains the
same, thus shielding does not impact an atom, but the
positive charges do so the atom gets smaller.
Down a group, an increased number of sublevels
results in bigger atoms.
Title: Nov 1012:36 PM (7 of 14)
We know that atoms can have different numbers of
neutrons...what do we call atoms like this?
What kind of charge do they have?
How would you explain the existence of atoms that have
either a negative or positive charge?
Title: Nov 1012:41 PM (8 of 14)
Atoms can also gain or lose electrons. We call atomc
that do this ions.
Why would an atom want to gain or lose an electron?
Na tends to lose electrons and Cl likes to gain them.
Can you look at the periodic table and make a
hypothesis as to why this happens.
Title: Nov 1012:44 PM (9 of 14)
Naming Ions:
If an atom loses an electron it becomes positively
chraged and is called a cation. We write its symbol as
Na+. If it loses two electrons it has a +2 charge and its
symbol is written Mg +2.
If an atom gains an electron it becomes negatively
charged and is called an anion. We write its symbol as
Cl. If it loses 2 electrons it has a 2 charge and its
symbol is written S 2.
Make a list of elements that would tend to lose
electrons and become cations and those that would
gain electrons and become anions.
Title: Nov 1012:47 PM (10 of 14)
Removing electrons requires energy, which we call
ionization energy.
Look at Table 6.1. What patterns do you notice
between the ionization energies as you move down a
group? Across a period?
Why do you think these patterns exist?
What do you think "First", "Second", and "Third" refers
to in the table?
Title: Nov 1012:58 PM (11 of 14)
If there are trends that exist between the sizes of atoms,
there must also be trends that exist between the sizes
of ions.
Your job: create a graph (like the ones we've been
interpreting) to see the connections between ionic size
and position in the periodic table.
QuickLab pg. 175
What are the trends?
Title: Nov 101:03 PM (12 of 14)
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to
attract electrons. The lower the electronegativity, the
less likely it is that an atomc will attract and electron.
The higher the electronegativity, the more likely that an
atom will attract an electron.
Draw the electron configuration of Li and O. Which do
you guess is more likely to attract an electron? Why?
What connection can you draw between
electronegativity and cation/anion formation?
Title: Nov 101:16 PM (13 of 14)
Apply these trends to your periodic table:
Atomic Size
Ionic Size
Ionization Energy
Electronegativity
Nuclear Charge
Shielding
Which increase, which decrease, what are the
relationships between them?
Title: Nov 101:24 PM (14 of 14)