The six trigonometric functions: Sum and product formulas:
opp y hyp r 1 sin a cos b 1 [sin (a b ) sin (a b )] sin csc 2 hyp r opp y sin cos a sin b 12 [sin (a b ) sin (a b )] adj x hyp r 1 1 cos sec cos a cos b [cos (a b ) cos (a b )] 2 hyp r adj x cos 1 sin a sin b [cos (a b ) cos (a b )] opp y sin adj x 1 2 tan cot sin a sin b 2 sin a 2 b cos a 2 b adj x cos opp y tan
Sum or difference of two angles: sin a sin b 2 cos a 2 b sin a 2 b
sin (a b ) sin a cos b cos a sin b cos a cos b 2 cos a 2 b cos a 2 b cos(a b ) cos a cos b sin a sin b cos a cos b 2 sin a 2 b sin a 2 b tan a tan b tan( a b) 1 tan a tan b Law of cosines: 2 2 2 a b c 2bc cos A 2 tan where A is the angle of a scalene triangle opposite Double angle formulas: tan 2 1 tan 2 side a. sin 2 2 sin cos cos 2 2 cos 2 1 Radian measure: 8.1 p420 1 radians cos 2 1 2 sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 180 180 Pythagorean Identities: sin 2 cos 2 1 1 radian tan 2 1 sec 2 cot 2 1 csc 2 Reduction formulas: Half angle formulas: sin() sin cos( ) cos 1 1 sin() sin( ) cos() cos( ) sin 2 (1 cos 2) cos2 (1 cos 2) 2 2 tan( ) tan tan() tan( ) 1 cos 1 cos sin x cos( x ) cos x sin( x 2 ) sin cos 2 2 2 2 2 1 cos sin 1 cos Complex Numbers: e j cos j sin tan 2 1 cos 1 cos sin cos 12 ( e j e j ) sin j12 ( e j e j )
Tom Penick tomzap@eden.com www.teicontrols.com/notes 2/20/2000
Expansions for sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent: y3 y 5 y 7 sin y y 6 5! 7! y2 y4 y6 cos y 1 2 4! 6! y3 2 y5 tan y y 3 15 1 y y3 2 y5 cot y y 3 45 945 Hyperbolic functions: 1 y sinh y 2 e e y sinh jy jsin y 1 cosh y e y e y 2 cosh jy jcos y tanh jy j tan y Expansions for hyperbolic functions: y3 sinh y y 6 y2 cosh y 1 2 y2 5y 4 sech y 1 2 24 1 y y3 ctnh y y 3 45 1 y 7 y3 csch y y 6 360 y3 2 y5 tanh y y 3 15
Tom Penick tomzap@eden.com www.teicontrols.com/notes 2/20/2000
Ten-Decimal Tables of the Logarithms of Complex Numbers and for the Transformation from Cartesian to Polar Coordinates: Volume 33 in Mathematical Tables Series