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Eco-City

A case study of Dongton, China

School of planning and Architecture


SNS

Submitted By:

Shashikant Nishant Sharma


Sakshi Sedha
Tryambakesh Shukla
B.Planning,3rd year.
School of Planning and Architecture
New Delhi
Table of Content
1. Introduction
2. Goals to be an eco-city
3. The city as a catchment
4. Resource efficient
5. Adapted for climate change
6. Living and working in a dense urban centre
7. Case Study of Dongton,Shanghai
8. vision and leadership
9. Sustainable design and management of city
10.Town of tree villages
11.Compact city
12.Environmental Protection
13.Social and Economic Benefits
14.Low ecological Footprint
15.Water and Flood Management
16.Agricultural Protection
17.Energy Production, Use and Waste Reduction
18.Waste Management
19.Accessibility and Transport
20.Construction Impact
21.Development of Eco-City concept in Pune City
22.Sustainable Development
23.CASE STUDY : PUNE
24.Procedure Adopted in Pune
25.Approach towards Pune Eco City Action Plan
26.Process of Pune Eco City Action Planning
27.PROPOSAL AND RESPONSES TO CHALLENGES
28.Case study of CAOFEIDIAN ECOCITY
29.References
ECO-CITY
Introduction
An eco-city reduces its ecological footprint to fit within the boundaries of one planet. In
an eco-city, people and organisations adapt to a changing climate and gladly act to build
a sustainable future.

As an eco-city has a healthy environment with a high quality of life and a growing economy. We
will develop and use technology to preserve resources to ensure the city is sustainable now and
in the future. Melbourne will achieve zero net emissions, manage climate change risks and lead
the way in sustainable water management. An eco-city is compact, with a high density of
housing, business and cultural uses that sustain an effective public transport system, and
walking and cycling above car use. With excellent air quality and generous public open space
and landscaping, biodiversity is supported and people enjoy the benefits of health and
happiness. City infrastructure and buildings generate and use renewable energy and feed into
the metropolitan electricity grid. Food is grown locally and creatively, using horizontal and
vertical spaces on buildings and in private and public gardens. In its journey to become an eco-
city, the municipality achieves zero net emissions, manages climate change risks, leads the way
in sustainable water and resource management, and increases its population density. To guide
this, the municipality employs a 'city as an ecosystem' approach to develop new models of
living that allow us to prosper within the Earth's ecological limits.

As a result, people in Melbourne are motivated to minimise their energy and water
consumption and to support mandatory measures such as water and carbon restrictions. The
City of Melbourne also advocates the importance of the metropolitan, regional and global
ecosystem, partnering and sharing knowledge about green technologies and sustainable urban
management practices with other cities. It supports and promotes innovative industries and
businesses that have positive benefits for our environment.

Goals to be an eco-city:
1.Zero net emissions city
2. The city as a catchment
3. Resource efficient
4. Adapted for climate change
5. Living and working in a dense urban centre
ECOCITY CONCEPT

The concept of “eco-city” originates from the fundamental objective of sustainability and
the application of ecological principles to urban planning, design and management.
“Sustainability” and in turn “sustainable development” can mean different things to
different people, making it challenging to provide a single definition. This book therefore
adopts the original and most widely used definition of sustainable development as
contained in the 1987 Brundtland Report commissioned by the United Nations General
Assembly. The report defines sustainable development as “development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs”.

As an important model of sustainable development, we believe that an eco-city must be


economically, environmentally and socially sustainable. These three essential
components must be present in order to be regarded as a sustainable eco-city or an
eco-friendly project. First, on the environmental front, the eco-city must be able to
protect or, preferably, even enhance the environment. Within the eco-city, there ought to
be important aspects or features such as the application of green technologies,
environmentally sustainable transportation, rational use of space, green-belts and
parks, and cultural and heritage conservation. On the whole, the eco-city should strive
towards producing a lower ecological footprint. This would require paying attention not
only to what is being practised within the confines of the eco-city itself but also to the
impact of building an eco-city beyond the confines of such a city.
Second, on the economic front, the eco-city must be able to contribute to the growth of
the economy through attracting investments and generating employment. Economic
growth will provide the necessary resources to the government, to organisations and
individuals to better protect the environment. More importantly, economic growth will
raise the living standards of the people. Over time, with greater prosperity and better
living standards, the people will likely become more aware and supportive of efforts to
safeguard the environment especially if the environment is regarded as critical to their
well-being and quality of life.

Third, on the social and cultural front, the eco-city must be able to meet social
considerations including promoting interactions and strengthening the bonds of
friendship and even unity among the different ethnic and religious groups of society. An
eco-city must not become or be perceived as an enclave for only the rich and powerful
but must welcome and be accessible to people from various walks of life. The eco-city
should also provide employment for residents living in it so as to maximise convenience
for them and minimise travel out of the city. By allowing residents to witness and
experience the benefits of living in an eco-city, they will become strong advocates for
the norms, values and practices prevalent in such a city. This will foster valuable
ground-level support — a key ingredient if the eco-city is to last.
ECOCITY CONCEPT IN INDIA

The concept’s roots in India can be traced back to initiatives launched by the


Government of India, chiefly the Zoning Atlas initiative of the Centre for Spatial
Environmental Planning (CSEP) of the Central Pollution Control Board. This led to pilot
studies on the Environmental Management Plan for Kanpur. Experience gained under
these initiatives has led to the evolution of eco city concept.

The Ecocity concept draws upon the various international initiatives discussed in earlier


sections, important forerunners that aim at far reaching change in UEM. These
initiatives acknowledge the multi dimensional issues of urban environments and lay
special emphasize on transparency and accountability in governance, and the need for
public participation in decision making processes. More specifically the Ecocity concept
has evolved to include

- Integration of environmental concerns in urban civic management


Balancing the needs and pressures of urban growth and change with the
-
needs and constraints of the environment
Planning and management of urban development, avoiding or alleviating
-
problems while realizing the positive potentials of city growth and change
New and more positive approach to urban management that help to
-
mobilize and effectively use local resources

This concept was extnsively discussed in May 2000, in the Conference of Ministers


organized by The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) for the heads of the
departments of environment of the various states of the country.
1. Zero net emissions city

To become an eco-city the municipality will need to reduce its emissions of greenhouse
gases to zero. We will do this by massively reducing our greenhouse gas emissions and
then offsetting those that remain. The interim target for this ambitious goal is to reduce
the total emissions across the municipality by 59 per cent per worker and 35 per cent
per resident by 2020 (from 2006 levels).

The municipality, along with all developed cities and countries across the world, must make big
reductions in greenhouse gas emissions - and fast. Melbourne can be a leader in the global task
of averting catastrophic manmade climate change. But on average Australians are one of the
worlds highest per capita greenhouse gas emitters.

In 2000 Australian ranked as the 9th highest emitter out of 185 countries and was the highest
emitters of any developed countries. Victoria's Commissioner for Environmental Sustainability
has said "...our energy legacy has positioned Victoria as one of the highest per capita greenhouse
polluting states in one of the highest per capita greenhouse polluting countries in the world".

Community involvement

Effective action to achieve a zero-carbon municipality requires widespread community


participation. A long-term and focused communication program to motivate people will cater
to our diverse community, and will cover all opportunities for meaningful contributions to
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Communications will also focus on increasing awareness
that actions in Melbourne affect not just the city, but also the state, nation and the world.

The City of Melbourne has reviewed and updated its Zero Net Emissions by 2020 - Update 2008 .
The municipality and the Victorian and Federal Governments, as well as community and
professional organisations, have initiated programs and projects to improve the environmental
sustainability of the municipality.

Better data is needed on the performance of inner and central city residences. From these and
other initiatives we can learn what does and doesn't work, who participates and who watches,
and what some of the keys to effective and lasting change are. This will help us energise the
community to take the direct actions necessary if we are to become an eco-city.
Building and infrastructure

All new buildings in the municipality must be energy efficient. New residential and commercial
buildings will aim to achieve a six-star or greater NABERS energy rating. An award could be
instituted as celebration and incentive for this. Reducing the embodied energy contained in
buildings and infrastructure is also important. The manufacture of materials such as concrete
and steel is extremely resource-hungry. Careful selection of materials is necessary to minimise
this problem.

New building and infrastructure are more easily rendered energy efficient. But these only make
up a small proportion of the whole stock of buildings and can therefore only make a limited
contribution to municipality becoming a Zero-carbon city in the short time available.

To achieve this we will retrofit our existing buildings with more energy efficient heating,
cooling, lighting, equipment and appliances through initiatives such as the Clinton Climate
Initiative .

Retrofitting will yield significant savings through reduced energy costs, which can be used to
cover retrofitting costs. Tailored programs, including appropriate data, will be developed for
retrofitting of residential and commercial buildings and could be supported by pro-active
planning scheme provisions. Innovative thinking will be important. For example, roof tops
could become more valuable for wind or solar energy generation and/or food production and
new options for aggregating and renting these spaces put into place.

Urban transport

Changes to transport use patterns will reduce transport-related greenhouse gas emission, see
City of Melbourne Greenhouse Footprint for Transport Draft Report May 2008 . Greenhouse gas
emissions are reduced by changing from unsustainable modes such as cars to public transport 5,
bicycles and walking and also just travelling less by eliminating unnecessary trips.
Low emissions local power generation

Melbourne is heavily dependent on brown coal as an energy source. This energy-source


generates high levels of greenhouse gas emissions 6. Reducing these emission by pumping the
Co2 underground (geo-sequestration) is being researched but full scale commercial application
may be decades away. We need to adopt energy sources with low and even no greenhouse gas
emissions more immediately.

Redesigning and re-equipping whole precincts and neighbourhoods to reduce net energy
demands and to generate energy on-site is an emerging focus of eco-cities across the world.
Partnership with key stakeholders can achieve this. The proposed Green Transformers program
in the City of Sydney is one example.

Local food

In Australia food-related greenhouse gas emissions exceed transport emissions, and may prove
to be more significant than greenhouse gas emissions from power generation. Changes to food
production, processing and consumption patterns will significantly reduce these greenhouse
gas emissions.

This very challenging goal for the municipality can only be achieved through partnerships,
incentives, proactive regulation such as through the planning scheme, and the cumulative effect
of many smaller initiatives.
2. The city as a catchment
Through the adoption of a 'city as a catchment 1' philosophy, the municipality will
conserve water and improve the health of its waterways. By 2020, resident mains water
use will be reduced by 40 per cent and worker mains water use will be reduced by 50
per cent (from 2000 levels). Pollution entering our waterway will be reduced by 20 per
cent by 2020.

A city as a catchment philosophy helps to determine the flow and amount of water moving
through the municipality and the pollutants that are carried with these flows. It ensures greater
emphasis is given to rainwater and stormwater harvesting, which not only saves mains water
and reduces pollutants entering our water bodies, it also detains stormwater, allowing us to
adapt for forecasts of bigger, more frequent storms, a result of climate change.

Through the identification and linking of water source (a road, or a building with a large roof)
and water sinks (a large water-using business or a park), this philosophy allows for water to be
effectively managed locally and to reduce both water demand and polluted run-off into areas
beyond the local catchment.

The movement of water through the municipality today is set out below. A system based on a
city as a catchment philosophy would include less untreated stormwater run-off, which will be
treated and reused where possible.
3. Resource efficient
An eco-city uses only what it needs and produces no waste, creating many
environmental and economic benefits that contribute to sustainability.

While densely populated cities have intrinsic efficiencies of scale we are only just beginning to
understand them as an ecosystem. They currently require an enormous amount of resources to
sustain their inhabitants. London for example needs a staggering 125 times its own area to
supply the resources to sustain itself.

Large cities are central to the flow of goods and services, people, and ideas that have enabled
global integration and prosperity for many. These flows can also create direct and indirect
environmental impacts. We need to understand, measure and monitor these impacts and
design new ways to make them more efficient and reduce their ecological footprint to a
sustainable level.

Melbourne's high consumption of energy, water, food, materials and natural resources is not
sustainable - economically or environmentally. Increased consumption of animal-based,
processed and imported foods as well as out-of-season produce has environmental
implications. Inefficient appliances, entertainment units, airconditioners and other electrical
devices unnecessarily increase the amount of energy and resources used.

Through partnerships with various private and public groups and organisations, Melbourne
will become a resource and material-efficient city. To achieve this goal, we will measure and
report on our ecological footprint, and develop new ways of living that are less resource-
intensive. We will also promote use of backyard and rooftop vegetable gardens, and encourage
greater waste reduction, re-use and recycling. The incorporation of waste-management
facilities that make it easier for people to reduce waste sent to landfill is also essential.
4. Adapted for climate change
Every person in the municipality will be aware of - and manage - risks associated with
climate change. We will adapt to ensure long-term benefits for the community and
capitalise on opportunities for adaptation.

The municipality is already experiencing the effects of human-induced climate change,


including: reduced rainfall; higher temperatures and heat waves; increased evaporation; sea
level rises and storm surges; intense rainfall events; increased storm frequency and intensity;
increased wind speed. These changes in our local weather conditions and climate signal the
start of a long-term shift, they are not merely a variation of the norm.

Developed cities around the world are preparing for climate change. Given the potential high
risk impacts of these changes on our economy and sustainability, our municipality must
prepare for climate change, developing and implementing strategies to reduce its vulnerability
and make the most of its opportunities.

Melbourne has world leading research resources in this area and can become a world centre
for research and innovative industries and businesses that meet the challenge of a changing
climate. In July 2008 The City of Melbourne released its public consultation draft Climate
Adaptation Strategy for the municipality. Operational research is needed into the specific
localised effects and solutions in Melbourne including key institutions such as Melbourne
Water, hospital and retailers.

Adapting to climate change requires a better understanding of the city's dependence on


resource-based or climate-sensitive industries, the capacity and resilience of its infrastructure,
and the needs of its diverse and growing population. We will need to:

 manage water shortages and flooding through actions such as


stormwater harvesting and other strategies set out in The
city as a catchment ;
 use cooling from the city parks and rooftop gardens as part of
the city ecosystem to delivering eco-system cooling services
along with passive shading to reduce the impact of heat
stress and the heat island effect3; and
 ensure that buildings and infrastructure are designed to
mitigate the impacts of projected sea-level rise, storm
damage surge, and flooding.

We will successfully adapt to climate change through a good public awareness of the
municipality's specific risks based on the best scientific and professional research and advice.
We will also adapt through organisations in the municipality collaborating to develop effective,
innovative and economically productive adaptation solutions. These solutions will be aligned
with the municipal greenhouse gas mitigation strategy. This will enable residents, visitors and
workers within the municipality to understand their shared and individual responsibilities.

5. Living and working in a dense urban


centre
To become an eco-city the living, working, cultural and recreational activities of the
municipality will be integrated into a dense and liveable urban ecosystem at the hub of a
metropolitan network of similar urban nodes, creating environmental, economic, social
and health benefits alike for the metropolitan area and the municipality.

Since the 1950s, Melbourne has developed as a sprawling low-density metropolis. Today, most
people depend on motor vehicles to go about their daily activities, and goods and services are
freighted large distances within the city. This pattern has also driven agriculture beyond the
metropolitan area, so food has to be freighted into the city every day.

Our high levels of personal, business and freight travel are a significant source of greenhouse
emissions and increased costs to household and businesses.

Most Melburnians would prefer to have their homes, workplaces, schools, shopping social and
other activities conveniently close by. This is why since the 1980's many are now moving into
urban centres such as the municipality of Melbourne where most daily trips for home, work,
school and recreation can be done easily and in a short time, on foot or by bicycle.
To be an eco-city the municipality needs to have a high density of different types of activities,
give priority for walking and cycling as the most logical and most sustainable transport options.
New urban growth will need to focus around existing and proposed rail stations and tram
routes, particularly along the main roads and boulevards in the municipality (known as transit-
oriented development).

The development of similar urban nodes forming a network of mixed-use urban centres across
the metropolitan area, connected by regular, high-speed sustainable transport and freight
services will start to build a metropolitan urban ecosystem that will be more economic, more
liveable and environmentally sustainable in the future.

Increasing residential population density in the municipality

Currently the municipality has a low residential density of 22 residents / hectare (or 13
dwellings per hectare). However, our population density increases to a high 212 people /
hectare if daily visitors are added to the counts.

Each day, visitors to the municipality outnumber residents 10 to one. Business-as-usual trend
population projections to 2020 for the municipality show residential population reaching
140,000 (currently 86,000) while daily visitor numbers (including workers) should reach
1,000,000 (currently 700,000). This projected daily visitor population presents a major
transport challenge.

If more of these people both lived and worked within the municipality this would reduce the
daily visitor transport task without increasing the number of people in the city daily. Pro-
actively encouraging increasing residential density in the inner city will strengthen its
sustainability.

The six-storey (medium rise) apartment block is the optimum building type for energy
efficiency and can accommodate the household densities Inner Melbourne will require. This
development standard could generate the density required for pedestrian comfort and a good
public transport system. Implementation of this height limit will need to acknowledge and
respond to heritage values.
Giving priority to walking and cycling

Inner Melbourne has an excellent road network that could be very suitable for walking and
cycling. The current high volumes and speeds of motor vehicles in this network could be
reduced in favour of walking and cycling, and the proportion of road space allocated to walkers
and cyclists could be increased.

Changes are already happening in the central city, such as the separated bike lane along the
north end of Swanston Street. Change of this nature could be accelerated and significantly
expanded, eventually forming a network of safe and attractive routes throughout the inner
metropolitan area.

Develop a metropolitan network of urban centres

The Victorian Government's Melbourne 2030 sets out a long-term vision for a network of
activity centres and transit cities connected by tram and high-speed rail public transport.
Activity centres will increasingly provide employment, accommodation and recreation, and the
municipality will include the largest of these centres.

The municipality will be the heart of a network of similar but smaller urban centres forming a
more sustainable and powerfully connected metropolitan region. The City of Melbourne will
foster functional links with Footscray (identified as a transit city), the municipality's closest
urban centre, and will work to create and strengthen sustainable transit links with all
surrounding cities, towns and communities.

Between these urban nodes lower density suburbs would become more energy efficient and
greener.
Developing local food production

Urban agriculture can reduce environmental impacts and increase the resilience of urban food
supplies by:

 reducing vulnerability to oil prices


 reducing food miles and greenhouse emissions
 making use of alternative agricultural inputs such as
stormwater, wastewater and food waste
 reducing land conflict between food production, biodiversity
and biofuels.

City of Melbourne residents, restaurants and businesses will increasingly source more fresh
foodstuffs grown and processed locally, and therefore reduce the financial and greenhouse gas
costs of food freight. Food-yielding trees and plants may be incorporated into public parks and
private body corporate gardens. Space will be used intensively, including rooftop and wall
gardens.

Throughout the metropolitan region, food will be produced in and between urban centres and
distributed locally and regionally. Up to one third of food consumed in the city will be sourced
locally or regionally. Organic waste including food waste may be collected and processed
locally as compost.

A sustainable city, or eco-city is a city designed with consideration of environmental impact,


inhabited by people dedicated to minimization of required inputs of energy, water and food,
and waste output of heat, air pollution - CO2, methane, and water pollution. Richard Register
first coined the term "ecocity" in his 1987 book, Ecocity Berkeley: building cities for a healthy
future. Other leading figures who envisioned the sustainable city are architect Paul F Downton,
who later founded the company Ecopolis Pty Ltd, and author Timothy Beatley, who has written
extensively on the subject. The field of industrial ecology is sometimes used in planning these
cities.

A sustainable city can feed itself with minimal reliance on the surrounding countryside, and
power itself with renewable sources of energy. The crux of this is to create the smallest
possible ecological footprint, and to produce the lowest quantity of pollution possible, to
efficiently use land; compost used materials, recycle it or convert waste-to-energy, and thus the
city's overall contribution to climate change will be minimal, if such practices are adhered to.
Case Study of Dongton,Shanghai

Arup, the British engineering consultancy firm, was contracted in 2005 by the developer, The
Shanghai Industrial Investment Company (SIIC), to design and masterplan Dongtan, an eco-city
on Chongming Island close to Shanghai, the first of a planned series.

Dongtan was presented at the United Nations World Urban Forum by China as an example of an
eco-city, and is the first of up to four such cities to be designed and built in China. The cities are
planned to be ecologically friendly, with zero-greenhouse-emission transit and complete self-
sufficiency in water and energy, together with the use of zero energy building principles. Energy
demand will be substantially lower than comparable conventional cities due to the high
performance of buildings and a zero emission transport zone within the city. Waste is
considered to be a resource and most of the city's waste will be recycled.

However, the planned ecological footprint for each citizen in Dongtan is currently 2.2 hectares,
higher than the 1.9 hectares that the World Wildlife Fund claims is theoretically sustainable on
a global scale.

Dongtan proposes to have only green transport movements along its coastline. People will arrive
at the coast and leave their cars behind, traveling along the shore as pedestrians, cyclists or on
sustainable public transport vehicles. The only vehicles allowed in the city will be powered by
electricity or hydrogen. Houses are now selling here to Shanghai middle classes for use when
spending weekends away from the city. The Controlling authorities are now backtracking on
these commitments and allowing private vehicles onto the site.
Eco City-Dongton,China
Sustainability means meeting our community’s present needs while preserving our historic character and
ensuring the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing and integrating
environmental, economic, health and social issues so as to maximize the quality of life for all.
Sustainable development means attaining a balance between environmental protection and human
economic development and between the present and future needs. It means equity in development
and sectoral actions across space and time.
It requires an integration of economic, social and environmental approaches towards development.
Sustainable urban development refers to attaining social equity and environmental protection in
urbanization while minimizing the costs of urbanization.

What is Eco City?


“It is an urban center that is moving towards controlled and sustainable patterns of
consumption and growth.”

What is Eco -City concept?

•It means reducing the Ecological Footprint while simultaneously improving the Quality
of Life–for our and future Generations -within the Capacity Limits of the City

Master Plan
The scientific and technological objective of the ECO-City project is to establish the technological basis
and to demonstrate innovative integrated energy concepts in the supply and demand side.

The focus of the Eco-city Project is:

1. To improve environment through conservation of natural resources, management of sewerage,


drainage and solid waste; reduction of air and water pollution; recycling of wastes and creation of job
opportunities for the urban poor:

2. To improve visual qualities through urban design of selected complexes and landscaping of parks and
open spaces and providing green belts;

3. To improve traffic management by providing efficient circulation, parking, pedestrian system that
cater to the residents as well as the visitors to the town;

4. To build capacities of the stakeholders to prepare and implement projects;

5. To monitor the projects using specific environmental indicators;

6. To document the project impact;

7. To improve urban management and for this purpose, promote networking of participating cities with
similar cities in Europe; and

8. To improve tourism and job opportunities.


vision and leadership
“China’s current development is ecologically
unsustainable, and the damage will not be
reversible once higher GDP has been achieved”
Zhenhua Xie, Minister of State Environmental Protection Agency
THE ECO-CITY- DONGTON
The eco-city is an umbrella metaphor that encompasses a wide range of urban-ecological
proposals that aim to achieve urban sustainability. These approaches propose a wide range of
environmental, social, and institutional policies that are directed to managing urban spaces to
achieve sustainability.

Dongton promotes the ecological agenda and emphasizes environmental management through
a set of institutional and policy tools. The distinctive concepts of the eco-city are greening and
passive solar design. In terms of density and other concepts, the eco-city might be conceived as
a “formless” city or an ecoamorphous city. There are some approaches that emphasize the
passive solar design, such as the Ecovillage, Solar Village.

It is remarkable that the core of many approaches is the management of the Dongton city,
rather than the suggesting of any specific urban form; it is believed that not the physical shape
of the Dongton city and its built environment that is important; it is how the urban society is
organized and managed that counts most.

Therefore, the Dongton city is managed to achieve sustainability through different land use,
environmental, institutional, social, and economic policies In practice, many local governments,
planning consultants, landscape architects, and so on are grappling much more specifically with
aspects of ecological, pedestrian oriented, or otherwise sustainable urban form.
Development of Eco-City concept in Pune City

Location
Maharashtra State is located in western part of India. It is one of the most
important States in the country. It has many reputed
Educational Institutions, Major International Industries,
IT Companies etc. It has a reasonably good climatic
condition. It’s been a major attraction for many
International Companies for investments. Its population
counted to 85 million. (2001 census)

About Pune Municipal Corporation Area


Pune is located in western part of Maharashtra State of
India. PMCA was established in 1950. Its population
ranged up to 3.18 million in 2006 and spread over an area of 243.97 sq.km. Its
altitude is 560m above MSL and coordinates are 18 34”N 73 58”E.
It’s one of the most important cities in the country. It has a very good climatic
condition. It is one of the prime destinations for major Industries, Educational
Institutions, IT companies and Allied Industries. City has a good connectivity with
Mumbai and other parts of the country by Road, Railway and Airways. An International
Air Port is proposed in the city.

About Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC)


The Civic Body
Name Pune Municipal Corporation
Governing Act The Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act,1949
 Mode of Governance
General Body Policy Making
Standing Committee Financial Decisions
Municipal Commissioner Chief Executive
 Some Statistics...
Area of Jurisdiction 243.84 Sq.km.
Population (2001) 3 Million
Staff Strength 17,333
Annual Budget (2010-11) Rs 3196.12 crore
Parks and Gardens 79 + 10 Swimming Pool
Schools and Colleges 535 (1,10,321 students)
Disp. and Hospitals 60 (9000 patients /day)
Source: PMC official website (www.punecorporation.org)

Major Industries in and around Pune


Turning to the industrial sector the picture is rather enviable. The Maharashtra
Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) has developed two industrial estates
in the immediate vicinity of Pune on the lines of the Industrial Parks of United
Kingdom. One such area is located at Parvati while the other is at Bhosari, near
the already sprawling industrial area of Pimpri, Chinchwad and Pradhikaran. In
the MIDC industrial estates land, fuels, electricity, water and select raw materials
are provided at subsidised rates to priority sector productions / companies.

A number of large scale industries are also present in and around Pune. Some
major companies are Phillips India, Bajaj Auto, Kirloskar Cummins, Kirloskar
Filters, Kalyani Sharp, Mahindra And Mahindra, Hindustan Antibiotics, Tata
Electric And Locomotive Company, Mercedes Benz India Ltd, Kirloskar Oil
Engines, Indian card Clothing, Alfa Laval, SKF Bearings, State Transport
Bodybuilding division, Weikfield India, Serum India, Duro Shocks, Kinetic Honda,
Bajaj Tempo, Kirloskar Pneumatics etc.

These companies produce a variety of goods such as commercial vehicles (light


and heavy), locomotives, electronic consumer durables, oil engines, pump sets,
pharmaceuticals, chemicals, two wheeler vehicles, processed food, refrigeration
systems (industrial and domestic), industrial filters, family cars, luxury cars,
landrovers, pickup trucks and a number of intermediate goods also. The small
scale and medium scale industries also produce a variety of items but it is

dominated by items like metal sheet components, fibre glass mouldings, nuts,
bolts, screws, washers, gaskets, paint jobs, electro and other variety of platings,
chemicals, bulk drugs, formulations, electronic components, spare parts, dye
cast and drop cast jobs, foams etc and also a long range of goods used directly
by consumers. There are enormous backward and forward linkages. The small
and medium scale firms provide vital components and spares as well as other
intermediate goods or finished raw materials for the large scale industries. Thus
one can clearly observe external economies in Pune probably better than any
other city in or around India.

Manufacturing Industries : Bajaj Auto –Kawasaki, Bharat Forge Ltd., Kinetic


Engineering, Tata Motors, Dailmer Chrysler, Mercedes Benz, Cummins Engines
co. ltd, Whirlpool, Frito Lay, and Coco Cola.

Software Industries–Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, Wipro, Satyam,


Mahindra British Telecom, Mastek Ltd., Kanbay Software, Cybage, HSBC Global
Industries, IBM, Sybase, EDS, I –Flex, Cognizant, Sasken, KPIT, Amdocs,
Avaya, Veritas, Aftek Infosys, Syntel, Zensarand TIBCO.
Energy consumption in Pune

Sustainable Development
The overall vision of the concept is to develop an integrated approach based on
institutional arrangements and policies in
interplay with sector fields
Change in regular construction process
Few additional steps is required in process for sustainable manufacturing of
goods and services

Re-utilization and recycling of products are the key to effective approach.


Basic approach of towards sustainable environment

NON RENEWABLE
RESOURCES WASTE

CASE STUDY :
PUNE
What is Eco City?
“It is an urban center that is moving towards controlled and sustainable patterns
of consumption and growth.”
What is Eco -City concept ?
It means reducing the Ecological Footprintwhile simultaneously improving the
Quality of Life–for our and future Generations -within the Capacity Limitsof the
City

Eco City Program in India


To carry forward the Eco City initiative, GoIhas developed an Eco City Program
where in pilot projects have been planned in strategic urban centers like
Agra-“TajEco City”in Uttar Pradesh and Kottayamin Kerala.

Eco Housing
In order to ensure that the future development will be sustainable PMC with
technical assistance from IIEC (International Institute of EnergyConservationhas
developed criteria for Eco Housing .

•Total 8 focus areas.

•88 criteria.

•27 criteria mandatory.

•1000 scoring points.

•Star rating system linked with incentives.


Scope of Eco-housing activities spans from site-selection to energy-
efficient materials and construction

Focus Areas and Point Allocation

Procedure Adopted in Pune


Eco –Housing Award
(confirmation)
Eco City Sustainability Framework
URBAN PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN BUILDING, ROADS & LANDSCAPE

DEVELOPEMENT

CONSTRUCTION
First step in framework will be preparation of urban design for the city. Various
urban plan proposals to be made at this stage. This stage will determine the final
land use and urban settlement pattern of city. Then a detailed design of
buildings, roads and landscape in Environmental Programme and architectural
programme will be required. Then development and modification in plan of the
project is undertaken. Tender may be issued afterwards. Maintenance
programme is also required for proper operation and maintenance of project.
Feedback at every stage to be collected which will give input to future. All steps
need to look and assess economical, social and ecological aspects of city.

Need for Eco City Action Plan for Pune


Need for a Structured Approach :Pune does not figure in the list of GoI’s Eco
City Program. But at the same time NURM and NUIF give importance to urban
environmental improvement.

Needs a direction towards Sustainable Development :Efforts made so far are


in isolation, hence a comprehensive approach is required.

Needs a stakeholder participatory arrangement: Architects, NGOs,


Educational Institutions, Builders play an important role in the development of
city.

Needs an ‘environmentally’ oriented planning approach : It will bring a


structured order to various projects and programs under environmental
management in Pune.

Approach towards Pune Eco City Action


Plan
Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Approach
A Multi Level Collaborative Approach for Pune Eco City Action Plan

Process of Pune Eco City Action Planning


Formulation of Eco City Working Committee & sub committees: Working
Committee will play the role of nodal committee. The subcommittees will deal
with various themes of Eco City Plan
Identification of stakeholders: Architects, Builders, Specialist Engineers,
Environmentalists, NGO, representation from Govt. organizations, citizens Forum
etc.

Appointment of consultant: This involves experts in various fields such as


Water Management, Solid Waste Management, Traffic & Transportation,
Housing, Urban Renewal etc.

Stakeholder consultations: This involves experts in Town Planning, NGOs,


Citizens Forum, Industrial Association, Educational Institutes etc.

Taking the Pune Eco City Action Plan


Ahead
A base document to guide Eco City action in Pune.

•Basic Structure for arranging and implementing projects and programs.

•Resource estimates and feasibility will be detailed out as a further step.

•Develop concrete projects and programs for implementation.

Initiatives of PMC
PMC has also taken initiative for the awareness of the citizens and to have more
interaction with the other international cities has formed International Office
Agenda 21 on the Guidelines of Rio Summit of UN held in 92.

•This office has actively co-ordinate between the cities like Okayama –Japan,
Bremen –Germany and San Jose –USA for sustainable development of the
cities.

•This Office has played active part in promoting the Association of Friends of
Japan, PMC and Industries in Pune as well as Okayama to develop a Japanese
Style garden in Pune.
Case study of CAOFEIDIAN ECOCITY

LOCATION OF PLANNING OF THE CITY

The following principles were taken into consideration for planning of the city:

 An environment-friendly city: respect and harmony with natural conditions and


system. The detrimental effects on natural systems by the development of
Caofeidian eco-city will Reduce to a minimum level.
 A conservation-oriented city: compact city and resources saving. Caofeidian eco-
city will significantly decrease demand of land, water, and energy.
 A hi-tech city: reaching the standard of tomorrow city. All the ideas of Caofeidian
eco-city should have long-term perspectives. So many advanced ecological
technologies should be widely utilized during the building process.
 A healthy, safe, livable city: meet the demand of citizen. Caofeidian eco-city will
provide safety of environment and ecological system

PROPOSAL AND RESPONSES TO CHALLENGES

 The city is a transition between land and sea. There are four major regions
flowing to the gulf. The major priority was given to the preservation of wetlands
and corridors. A grid of ecological green space was built.

CHANGE IN ECOSYSTEM BEFORE AND AFTER BUILT


CAOFEIDIAN ECO PROTECTION AND REPAIR SYSTEM
References:-

 www.ecocities-india.org/

 Stanislav E. Shmelev and Irina A. Shmeleva (2009) "Sustainable cities: problems of integrated
interdisciplinary research",International Journal of Sustainable Development, Volume 12,
Number 1, 2009, pp. 4 – 23
 Richard Register (2006) Ecocities: building cities in balance with nature, New Society Publishers.
ISBN 0-86571-552-1.
 Shannon May (2008) "Ecological citizenship and a plan for sustainable development",
City,12:2,237 — 244
 Timothy Beatley (2000) (1997) [http://worldcat.org/oclc/36695680&referer=one_hit Eco-city
dimensions  : healthy communities, healthy planet, New Society Publishers. ISBN 0-86571-353-7.
 Richard Register (1987) Ecocity Berkeley: building cities for a healthy future, North Atlantic
Books. ISBN 1-55643-009-4.
 Sim Van der Ryn and Peter Calthorpe (1986) Sustainable communities  : a new design synthesis
for cities, suburbs, and towns, Sierra Club Books. ISBN 0-87156-629-X.
 Paolo Soleri (1973) Arcology  : the city in the image of man, MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-19060-5.
 Ian L. McHarg (1969) Design with nature, Published for the American Museum of Natural History
[by] the Natural History Press.
 Louise Crabtree (2006) Messy humans, dirty economies and leaky houses: citizenship,
sustainable livelihoods and housing in Australia, doctoral dissertation, Macquarie University,
2006.
Submitted by :- Shashikant Nishant Sharma

Sakshi Sedha
Tryambakesh Shukla
B.Planning
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

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