Ammonia and Its Salts

P R O P E RT I E S O F A M M O N I A
US ES O F A M M O N I A
M A N U FA CT U RE O F A M M O N I A

Proudly done by :
Muhamad Aqmal Awalludin,Calvin Jiksing,Siti Nabihah
Mohamad Rozy. 4 Intelek 2010
 Group Members

Muhamad Aqmal bin Awalludin

• Melaka
• Single with 4 children.

Calvin Jiksing
• Kuala Penyu, Sabah.
• Married to books.

Siti Nabihah binti Mohamad Rozy

• Anywhere on Earth
• Engaged to Robinson Crusoe

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Uses of
Ammonia
Prepared by : Calvin
Jiksing
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
 Uses of Ammonia

Making of Manufacture Revive fainted

fertilisers nitric acid people

Electrolyte in Synthetic Making of

dry cells fibres explosives

Prevent
Cooling agent
coagulation

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Uses of Ammonia
To manufacture nitrogenous As raw material for the
fertiliser needed for plant manufacture of nitric acid.
growth.
 The nitrogenous fertilisers are  Ammonia is used to make nitric
actually ammonium salts acid through Ostwald process.
obtained from neutralisation of
ammonia with different acids.
 These fertilisers include :

(a)Ammonium phosphate
(b)Ammonium nitrate
(c)Ammonium sulphate
(d)Urea

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Uses of Ammonia
As a cooling agent in
refrigerators.
 Liquid ammonia is used as
cooling agent in refrigerator
because ammonia is highly
compressible and has a high
heat capacity.
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
To prevent coagulation of
latex.
 Ammonia can neutralise the
acid produced by bacteria in
the latex, thus preventing
latex from coagulating and
can be exported in the liquid
form.
 Properties
of Ammonia
Prepared by : Muhamad
Aqmal bin Awalludin
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
 Ammonia?

has a pungent
is alkaline is a colourless gas
smell

burns in oxygen
is less dense than is very soluble in
gas, O2 but not in
air water
the air

gives a white fune

when reacted with
hydrogen chloride
gas, HCl.

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Properties of Ammonia

• Ammonia is very soluble in water, but it ionises partially in water to form a weak alkali.
• Ammonia being alkaline can undergo neutralisation with acids to form ammonium salts.

Ammonia neutralises sulphuric acid to form

ammonium sulphate.

• 2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)

Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to form dense white
fumes of ammonium chloride. This is used as a test for detecting ammonia
gas.

• NH3(g) + HCl(g) NH2Cl(s)

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
 Manufacture
of Ammonia
Prepared by : Siti Nabihah
binti Mohamad Rozy
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
 How was the Ammonia being manufactured?

through
t i s
Haber Process.
a
, w h e s s ?
So r o c
e r P
H a b
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
 Haber Process

Was invented in 1918 by

a Noble Prize winner,
Fritz Haber (1868-
1934).
This reaction makes
ammonia out of
hydrogen and nitrogen.
The nitrogen comes
from the air (78% N).

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 The Haber Process

The Haber process is a reversible reaction.

A reversible reaction is one where the products of the
reaction can themselves react to produce the original
reactants.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g)
Heat of reaction = -92 kJ mo1-1

The conditions below are needed in

manufacturing Ammonia.
• Temperature : 450˚C
• Pressure : 200 atm
• Catalyst : Iron

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Remember !
N2 (g)   +   3H2 (g)   <---->   2NH3 (g)

Reversible equation!

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Haber Process – Manufacture of Ammonia

Figure above shows the manufacture of ammonia, NH3 through the Haber Process

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Liquid Ammonia !
• About 10% of the mixture of gases leaving the catalyst
chamber is ammonia. When the mixture is cooled, the
recycled. ammonia turns into a liquid.
and Hydrogen are
The unreacted Nitrogen
• The mixture of Nitrogen and Hydrogen is passed over a
catalyst which is Iron. Some ammonia is formed.
• The mixture is compressed to about 200 atm and heated to
about 450˚C.
Natural Gas Hydrogen Nitrogen Air
 Copy this in your notebook!

Key facts

1. H and N are mixed in a 3:1 ratio

2. Because the reaction is reversible not all the nitrogen and
hydrogen will convert to ammonia.
3. The ammonia forms as a gas but cools and liquefies in the
condenser
4. The H and N which do not react are passed through the system
again so they are not wasted.

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 End of
Ammonia
Thanks for not sleeping!

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 SM SAINS LABUAN PERKASA 2010

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan