Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF ADMINISTRATION
AND SUPERVISION
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF
ADMINISTRATION
AND SUPERVISION
In the field of administration and supervision, PRINCIPLE
is accepted as a fundamental truth.
LEGAL BASIS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION
AND SUPERVISION
Education as a State Function
--the most important single factor in our education is the assignment of
ultimate responsibility to the state. In our Constitution, education is
considered as a state function. It states that “all educational institution in
the Philippines shall be under the supervision of and subject to regulation
by the state”.
-- this means that the Philippine Congress has large powers in the
organization, support, and control of our public and private schools. It can
determine
the types of schools to be established
regulate the school organization
prescribe the curriculum
designate standards for buildings
determine the ages of children to attend school
fix the qualifications of teachers
establish salary schedules
provide tenure and set the age of retirement
--the state is therefore, the agency which regulates the administration,
supervision, and instruction in public and private schools. The school
administrators and supervisors should be fully informed of the school laws
of the Philippines, since many of their duties responsibilities are set forth
and define in these laws.
The legal enactment in this country which bears the status of the
school administration and supervision are the following:
Laws Related to School Organization and Control:
The Philippine Constitution – the most important legal basis of school
administration and supervision. Section 8 of Article XV states that “all
educational institutions shall be under the supervision of and subject to
regulation by the state”.
-- to comply this Constitutional mandate, the task of regulating and
supervising all educational institution in the Philippines is delegated to the
Department of Education, and through it, the two bureaus under its
jurisdiction namely;
Bureau of Public Schools – administers and supervises the public
elementary, secondary, normal and technical schools of secondary and
collegiate level.
Bureau of Private Schools – regulates and supervises the private schools,
colleges, and universities.
Act No. 74 of the Philippine Commission – the
administration of Philippine Government during the early
part of the American occupation was in the hands of the
Philippine Commission whose members were appointed by
the President of the United State. This Commission, on
January 21, 1901, passed Act No. 47, Section 1 of which
established a Department of Public Instructions, which have
executive control and general supervision of all schools
already established by the Military authorities. Act No. 477,
passed on October 8, 1902, which amended Section 1 of
Act No. 74, created the Bureau of Education, which
assumed the general control, and supervision of public
schools. This Bureau was changed to the Bureau of Public
Schools by Executive Order No. 94 as authorized by the
Reorganization Act of 1947.
The designations of Director and Assistant director were made on October
26, 1906 Act no. 1407 authorize the appointment of First Assistant
Director and Second Assistant director of education. However the
Reorganization Act of 1917, Act 2668, Section 1, abolished the position
of the Second Assistant Director of Education leaving Director and
Assistant Director of Education as heads of Bureau of Education which is
now known as the Bureau of Public Schools.
Section 3 of Act No. 74 – divided the entire archipelago into school
divisions. The city of Manila considered as one division.
Section 6 of Act No. 74 – made the Division Superintendent the executive
officer of the public schools in the division.
Section 3 of Act No. 74 – authorized the sub-division into school districts.
Every municipality shall constitute a school district and it shall be the duty
of the municipal council thereof to make as much as possible ample
division, by local taxation for the support of all schools established within
its jurisdiction (Passed on January 21, 1901.)
3. Commonwealth Act No. 586 – this act is known as the Educational
Act of 1940 which provides the legal basis of the present six-year
elementary course. According to the provision of this law, all children
who enroll in the primary grades must remain in school until they shall
have completed the primary grades. (Approved August 7, 1940.)
4. Republic No. 896 - this Act is known as the Elementary School Act of
1953. This provides for compulsory education of seven years and made it
mandatory on the part of the parents to enroll their children in public
schools upon attaining seven years of age.
Executive Order NO. 94 – specially charges the Secretary of Education
with administration of the public schools system and the supervision and
regulation of private schools, colleges and universities in the country. The
Bureau of Public Schools directly administers and supervises the public
school system while the Bureau of Private Schools regulates and
supervises all private schools in the country. (Issued on October 4, 1947)
5. Republic Act No. 1124 – this Act created the Board of Education.
According to this law, the Board of Education is a policy-making body.
The Board is charged with the duty “formulate, implement, and enforce
general educational objectives and policies; coordinate the offerings,
activities and functions of all educational institutions in the country with a
view to accomplishing an integrated, nationalistic and democracy-inspired
educational system in the Philippines.
Presidential Decree No. 1- made a thorough revamp
of the executive branch of the government. This
decree abolished the Bureau of Public Schools,
Bureau of Private Schools and the Bureau of
Vocational Education, and created the Bureau of
Elementary Education, Bureau of Secondary
Education, and the Bureau of Higher Education. A
director heads each bureau. To facilitate
administration and supervision of our educational
system, the whole Philippines is divided into 11
regional offices. Regional Director and Assistant
Regional Director head each region. All regional
offices are under the direct control of Secretary of
Education.
Laws Related to the Teaching Personnel
Commonwealth Act No. 117 - this Act places the public school
teachers under Civil Service Rules and Regulations as to their
examination, appointment, transfer, separation, suspension, and
reinstatement. This Act also protects the teachers tenure of office.
(Approved, No. 13, 1936).
Commonwealth Act No. 578 – this law recognizes supervisors,
teachers, and professors of public and recognized private schools as
persons in authority.
Republic Act No. 660 – this Act amended Section 12 of the
Commonwealth Act 186. This Act provides for automatic retirement at
the age of sixty-five years, if the teacher has completed fifteen years of
service, and if he is not, he shall be allowed to continue service until he
has completed fifteen years unless he is otherwise eligible for disability
retirement. Upon specific approval of the President of the Republic of
the Philippines, an employee may be allowed to continue to serve after
the age of 65 years if he possess special qualifications and his services
are needed.
Republic Act No. 842 – (Amended Republic Act No. 312) –
This Salary Act of 1953 (Republic Act No. 842) provides
for a revised salary scale and automatic salary increases for
public school officials, teachers, and other school personnel
of the government. This law allocates the grades and salary
scale for the various kinds of positions. (Approved, May 1,
1953).
Republic Act No. 1079 – this law provides that civil service
eligibility shall be permanent and shall be no limit. This Act
modifies the present civil service rules and regulations.
(Approved, June 15, 1954)
Republic Act No. 1080 – this Act states that the bar
examination and the board examination which require the
candidates to have four years of college training and two
experience are considered equivalent to the first grade
regular examinations; and those requiring less than four
years of preparations are equivalent to the second grade
regular examination. (Approved, June 15, 1954).
Republic Act No. 4661 – this Act is known as Teacher’s Meeting Law.
This law provides that the teacher’s meeting shall not be called on
Saturdays. This concept is based on the contention of teachers that
Saturdays is not a working day as observed by the government
employees. (Approved in 1965)
Republic Act No. 1080 – this Act amended Sections 562 and 564 of the
Revised Administrative Code. It prescribes legal hours of labor to 8
hours a day, 5 days a week or 40 hours a week. It also states that
government employees may be allowed five (5hrs) of service from April
to June 15 inclusive upon the discretion of the President of the Republic.
However, because of the nature of the services, teachers of vocational
schools such as Agricultural Schools are not embraced by the provision
of this Act. Since the teachers in this school render service throughout
the year, they are placed on the vacation-sick leave basis. Memo of the
Bureau of Vocational education No. 9, s, 1968 was issued to this effect.
(Approved on June 22, 1967).
Republic Act No. 4670 – this Act is known as the
“Magna Carta for Public School Teachers” and
shall apply to all public school teachers except
those on professional staff of state colleges and
universities. Pursuant to the provisions of Section
30 of the same Act , the Secretary of Education
issued “Rules and Regulations for the Magna Carta
for Public School Teachers under Department
Order No. 25, s 1966. (Approved on June 18,
1966).
Republic Act No. 4968 – this law increases the retirement benefit. Among the
important provisions of this Act are:
increase in the basic monthly annuity from P20 to 30.00
use of the average salary for the last three years instead of the last 5 years
granting the lump sum of five year annuity payment to the retirees age 63 and a
three year lump sum payment at the age of 60
authorized computation of accumulated vacation and sick leave based on the
highest salary received retirement.
Republic Act No. 5168 – this is known as the Public School Teachers Salary
Standardization Act. This law upgrading of WAPCO salary ranges and fixed
progressive rates of salary from existing salary rates to the maximum under the
adjusted range. (Approved in 1967).
Republic Act No. 6040 – this Act amended Section 24 of Civil Service Act of
1959. This Act states that no person shall be appointed to nor to hold two or
more full-time positions in the government including the government owned or
controlled corporations or offices whether in temporary or permanent capacity
or with or without salary.
Republic Act No. 6110 – this Act is called the Omnibus
Tax Law. Officials and employees of the government and
those rendering services in religious, educational charitable
institutions, hospitals and sanitariums. Those members of
the judiciary who teach in law schools are required to pay
professional tax. (Took effect since Sept. 1, 1969).
Republic Act No. 6111 – this Act is otherwise known as
Philippine Medical Care Act of 1969. Under this Act the
Philippine Medical Care plan has been established to consist
of two basic programs namely:
Program I – for membership of the GSIS and SSS
Program II – for those who are not qualified for benefits
under Program I
Laws Related to the School Curriculum
Department Order No. 5 s 1955 – Secretary of Education provides that
religious instructions may be scheduled during the school session in
such a way to enable the teacher in religion to teach in the public school
building for more than thirty minute period a day. The law authorizes
also the division superintendent to fix the time for such religious
instruction.
Republic Act No. 343 - this Act provides for the inclusion of Spanish
as a course or subject in all high school private or public in the
Philippines. (Approved February 26, 1949).
Republic Act No. 1425 – otherwise known as Rizal Law. This requires
that courses on the life and woks of Jose Rizal, particularly in his novels
on NOLI ME TANGERE and EL FELIBUSTERISMO shall be
included in the curricula of all private, public schools, colleges and
universities. (Approved June 12, 1956).
Republic Act No. 1381 – states that all students enrolled in the course
Law, Commerce, Liberal Arts, Foreign Service Education are required
to complete at least 24 units of Spanish. (Approved June 22, 1957).
Department Order No. 19, s 1970 – increased time allotment for
language arts (English) from 30 to 40 minutes in Grades 1 and II, from
40 to 60 minutes in Grades III and IV and from 60 to 80 minutes in the
intermediate grades. This Order approved also the changing of the
terminology of “Arithmetic” into “Elementary Mathematics” with the
aim of enabling Filipino child to achieve deeper understanding of the
science of numbers and mathematical concepts.
Presidential Decree No. 6-A - known as Educational Development
Decree of 1972. Under this, education will aim to attain the national
development goal particularly the acceleration of economic development
and social progress to assure the maximum participation of all people in
the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits of growth and to
strengthen national consciousness and promote desirable values of the
people.
Laws Related to Students or Pupils
Republic Act No. 896 – this Act provides for compulsory
education of seven years and made it mandatory on the part
of the parents to enroll their children in public schools upon
attaining seven years of age. (Approve June 20, 1953).
Republic Act No. 4090 – providing for state scholarship in
Science, Arts, and Letters for poor but deserving students
creating a State Scholarship Council to Integrate
Systematize Administrator and implement all Program of
Scholarship, and Appropriate Funds thereof.
Republic Act No. 6139 – this Act is known as the “Tuition
Fees Law”. This Act regulates the increased of tuition fees
in private schools, colleges and universities.
Presidential Decree No. 146 – this Decree is
known as the National College Entrance
Examination was promulgated with no other
purpose but to regulate the admission of students to
all four year or five year degree programs in the
country so as to improve the quality of higher
education and to distribute students among different
courses, thus meeting the manpower needs of the
country. Based on this Decree, only students who
passed the entrance college test should be admitted
in the professional course requiring at least four or
five years of study.