You are on page 1of 357

MEMORANDUM

ON

THE BUDDHIST CAVES AT JUNNAR"

BY

J. BURGESS, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S., M. DE LA SOC. As., .'

ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEYOR AND REI'ORT.ER TO GOVERNMENT;

AND

TRANSLATIONS

OJ'

THREE INSCRIPTIONS FROM BADAl\II, PATTADKAL, AND AIHOLLI,

By J. F. FLEET, Bo.C.S .

.

: : :::. ~:: :- .... ::= .~~: : .::.::. :.--: ... ~

" .. 1. Ie!

lJombaJ2:

PRINTED BY OHDER OF GOVERNMENT AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.

1874. ~c...

:J9'7785

. .. .
. .. : . . . ." · .. .. : : .. ... . ...
. . .. ~ . . . · · ' . . .
' .. . . .. - .. · . :: . . " ... . .
. .. ... :..: · · . :. : . .
. .. . . ' .. . .' .

. . .. .. ... _ .

. _.:.: .'". .

. .

. . ..

. -:~ .

MEMORANDUM 'ON THE BUDDHIST CAVES A~ }if.~k'&R. :

. ..

.

.

. ".

.. . .

. .. ..... .. .... . ~ ...

. : ... .

The only published accounts of the J unnar Caves are a very short one by": /::. ; .'

Dr. Bird in his Jaina Researches, derived from the notes of Professor Orlebar ; one ':'

by Dr. J. Wilson in the Bombay Asiatic .Society's Journal for January 1850, founded on memoranda communicated by Dr. Gibson; and lastly, the best of the

three, by Mr. W. F. Sinclair, C.S., contributed to the Indian Antiquary of February

1874.* From none of these descriptions, however, could any inferences be drawn as

to the chronological place of these. caves among the other groups of Western India:

and, when in England lately, Mr. Fergusson called my attention to the desirabilityof paying flying visits to them and to those at Dharasinha with a view to settling this point, and seeing for myself what architectural or other peculiarities

they might present. Leaving Bombay on the afternoon of 5th November, I went

to Junnar, spent four days in examining the caves, &c., and reached Puna,

on the way back, on the 14th. The following notes are the hurried diary jotted

down during the inspection :-

. .

The caves of J unnar, like those of Bhft.ja, Bedss, Talaja, Hana, and other

groups, are remarkably devoid of figure ornament 'or imagery: in this respect contrasting strongly with Ajanta., Elora, Karla, the second and last few caves at Nasik and many in Salsette. The Dahgoba alone is common to all : and, on com. paring t~e different gro~ps, one might almost sUJ?pose .that the Dahgoba and Buddhist rail were the earliest ornaments as well as furniture of the caves: that the Chaitya or horse-shoe window with its latticed aperture was next developed both as an ornament and a structural feature, -and at J unnar there are some peculiar applications of it; and that figures of Buddha, as in the later caves at Nasik, at Kanheri, and at Ajar;tta and Elora, were introduced at a later date. Or, is it possible that a puritan sect of Bauddbas, like the Muhammadans, objecting to all anthropomorphic forms, made the dahqoba their only qeblah, while a. separate school delighted in pictures and images of their Great Toacher, his Mother, and all the Bauddha Saints? This is a point deserving the attention of archseologists in attempting to arrange the Buddhist remains in anything like chronological order. We know that in early times it was usual for one school or sect almost to monopolize the popular religious attachment of particular cities or even provinces : these sects doubtless differed in their ritual and its accessories; and this might account for the prevalence at Ajar;t~a and elsewhere of images of Buddha, both in the sanctuaries and on the facades, and for the entire absence of such symbols at Bhaja, in the older and middle series of about ten caves at Nasik, and n.t Junnn.r. It has yet, I think, to be decided how far the-former class of caves are subsequent to the latter, or how far they may be regarded as synchronous.

----- .. --- -. __ ._---

* In the Journal of the R"yalAJriatic Society, Vol. IV. (IR:i3), pp. 2Ai-291. Colonel Sykes gave copies of a number of the inscriptions from these caves, but without any detailed &l)count of the excavations.

1 J C

2 ",: ~HEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

. :.. .

Other ornament.J~'\'tit sparingly used at Junnar,-partly perhaps because the facades of ml!ol\}(d( thee caves have peeled off in the lapse of centuries: but all instances o£j~ !:recurrence are noted in the following brief descriptions .

. ,.;MoiidaY: 9th November, 6-40 A.lf.-The barometer at Junnar 27'86 in. or abou ' 2,~oa-feet ; at the foot of the Ganes' a Pahar, three miles north of the town, 27' 7 6 in. ,', :':illaicating about 2,100 feet; at the Chaitya Cave 27'38 in. or 2,360 feet above sea ',,: ":'" : level. The ascent is partly by a built stair and leads up to the front of the Chaitya.

" This Chaitya faces due south, and measures inside 40 ft. in length by 22 ft. 5 in. wide and 24 ft. 2 in. high. It has a verandah 20 ft. 5 in. long, by 4 ft. 2 in. wide, reached by about six steps, with two pillars and two demi-pillars in front, of the style so prevalent at Nasik, the capitals consisting of an abacus of three, four or five thin square tile-shaped members, each projecting a little over the one below it. Under this is a deep member resembling an inverted water-jar. The shaft is octagonal and the base is just the capital reversed. Over the abacus here, are figures of elephants roughly chiselled out, somewhat in the style of those in the Vihara to the right of the Pandu Lena Chaitya. The door is perfectly plain, 5 -ft, 9 in. wide and lofty, a~d is the only entrance for li~ht to the cave; for the arched window is merely indicated as a slight recess, high up in the rock,-too high to have corresponded with the arch of the cave, but its carefully smoothed area shows that it was never intended to drive it through. Over the entrance is a well-cut inscription in one long line (No. 1.) In Dr. Bird's transcript (Jaina Researches, No. ix., PI. L.) two letters are omitted and others incorrectly copied: it is more correctly given by Colonel Sykes as No. 10 of his copies in the Asiatic Society'.s Journal, already referred to.

The nave is about 12 ft. 9 in. Wide, and 24 ft. 6-i in. up to the Dahgoba, limited on each side by five columns and one demi-column 10 ft. 10 in. high similar to those in the front, and with lions or tigers and elephants over the capitals, fairly well cut. In the apse round the Dahgoba, about 3 ft. from it, are six plain octagon shafts 16~ in. in diameter without base or capital. The aisle behind the pillars is ::\ ft. 6 in, wide, and is ribbed over like the roof of the nave in imitation of wooden ribs. The Dahgoba is of the usual form, a plain circular drum or base 8 ft. 9! in. diameter and 6 ft. 4i in. high, with a Buddhist-rail cornice, supporting the garbha or dome on which stands the iorana or capital consisting of a square block, representing a box ornamented with the Buddhist-rail pattern, surmounted by an abacus of five thin slab-like members, each in succession wider than the one below, until the uppermost is 5 ft. 10 in. square with a hole in the centre of it to support the shaft of a wooden umbrella, * as at Karla, and four shallow square ones for relics :-£or it was on this iorana, as on an altar, that the relics of Buddha or of Bauddha saints were deposited for adoration. In some cases, as at Bhaju, the box under the capital of the tee was hollow for the preservation of the relics. The whole height of this Dahgoba is 16 ft. 5 in.

The next cave east of this is a vihara,-the door jambs now broken away.

It has two windows, is 25 ft. wide by 29 deep, and 8 ft. 2 in. high, with a

• Dr. Wilson, writing twenty-five years ago, says the dahgoba was surmounted by an umbrella: but if so, this is not the only case among others in which the wood work has recently disappeared from Buddhist Caves of Western India. See Jo n al, Bombay Branch RO!lal Asiatic Society, Vol. IlL, part ii. page 62.

A

THE LEHANADRI CAVES.

3

bench or seat 16 ft. 10 in. wide round the three inner sides. At the back are three cells and at each side two, for the resident monks. In the cells are high stone benches for their beds: on these they spread their quilt and enjoyed their rest:-simple beds for simple livers. Their shdla or hall, which they doubtless regarded as spacious, is now used as a goat-shed. Over the left window is the inscription No .• 2 ; it is Xo. 9 of those copied by Colonel Sykes.

The next cave is higher up in the rock and is a small square one, with a stone bench-bed at the right end. The next, still to the east, is similar, about 8 ft. square, with a bench at the left end.

The next again is similar, with a bench at the left end and one large cell at the back, also a small recess probably for a water vessel. In the wall is a square hole into the next cave, which is 13 ft. 8 in. deep at the left or west side, but at the other has a cell about 7 ft. by 6 inside having a bed at the east end. In front of this is a verandah, with two pillars, supporting a projecting frieze carved with the Buddhist-rail pattern as in several of the caves at Nasik.

Returning now to the Chaitya, and proceeding westwards,-an ascending stair enters under the rock and comes out in the verandah of the largest, vih:1.ra cave here-now known as the Ganes'a Lena, because this fine cave has been appropriated by some low Brahman in which to enshrine an image of the potbellied, elephant-snouted Ga~apati, represented as childishly addicted to ladus or sweetmeat balls,-respecting whom Mr. Sinclair was once addressed- by a pert young Brahman-" Yes; we have set up our Apollo there" ! This personification of the misformed is named Asht Venayaka, as being, according to the Ganes' a Purdna, the eighth avatara of this deva, performed here to please his mother Girja.

He i~ a favourite idol of the populace and is visited from far and near- at the annual J dt'ra or fair held in his honour. The shrine is taken care of by a Panch or committee who pay the Guru's wages out of a yearly endowment of Rs. 62 per annum. The Guru goes there daily from J unnar, The stair originally came up in front of the east end of the verandah: as it now stands, it is partly built, and closes the entrance to a cell or cistern under the vihara, The hall is 50 ft. 6 in. by 56 ft. 6 in. and 10 ft. 2 in. high, with three doors and two windows in front, and a stone seat round the three inner sides. It has seven cells on each side and five at the back-the central Olle altered to make a shrine for the rat-riding god, whose large image is cut out of the rock, probably, from a Dahgo~a ~hat may originally ha.ve occupied. this cell .. It is smeared red and the shrine IS enclosed by wooden doors. Outside the cave IS a verandah 7 ft. wide with six pillars and two demi ones, rising from a bench as in Cave III. at Nasik: the back of this bench forming the upper part of a basement carved in the old Buddhist-rail pattern: this also resembles the general style of the Nasik Cave just mentioned, in having animal figures over the capitals, but on the outside only, and in having a projecting frieze above carved with rail

pattern ornamentation. . .

Further west are two cells, noways peculiar; then a vihdra without cells, the verandah of four columns totally gone except the bases. It had a door in the

• See' Notes on Junnar Ti.luki.' by W. F. Sinclair, Bo.C.S., rlldi{U,Antiquary, Vol. II., p. 4.

4

ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

\ \ \

centre, another at the west end, and two windows, and measures 31 ft. 3 in. wide by 23 ft. 2 in. deep.

The next is difficult of access, and of the plan of the most easterly cave, which is a very common type here.

Passing along a ledge of rock and over a small water-cistern, we come to the next, also a small vihara about 25 ft. wide, the front entirely gone, and with a cell at the left end and stone bed in it. Close to it is another similar to the most easterly one: that is a cell in the corner of a larger one.

Lower in the rock, the next is like the last, and has a verandah with two pillars and a low screen in front, with a cistern outside at the east end.

The next is a rectangular flat-roofed Chaitya 21 ft. 10 in. deep by 12 ft. 9 in. wide and 13 ft. 8 in. high, with a Dahgoba 6 ft. 11 in. diameter standing 3 ft. from the back wall. The cylinder is 5 ft. 7 in. high including a base of 7 in. formed of three projecting annuli, and a cornice 121 in. deep of the Buddhist-rail pattern. The dome rises about 3 ft. 4 in. and the torana 2 ft. 4 in., and is 4 ft. 4 in. square at the top. This is connected with the roof by the stone shaft of the umbrella, which, here, as in the case of several at BhiljA. is carved on the roof. To this cave there is a verandah 2 ft. 7 in. wide and 19 ft. 5 in. in length, which has had two pillars in front. On the left of the door

outside is an inscription in two lines (No.3). .

Above this are-(I) a cell with a stone-bed at the right side j (2) a small room enclosing a cell, after the common plan here; (3) another similar, but a horizontal flaw in the rock has opened the top of the inner cell and of the whole of the next cave; (4) a vihara, with two cells at the back, and a bench seat along each side, but the front wall is gone. Under the left front corner is a cistern, and outside is another; and (5) further along are three more cisterns. Over the first of these is an inscription in two lines (No.4) which is No. 12 among Colonel Sykes's copies; and over the second is one in three lines (No.5), butthe letters have a slant and are not so neatly cut as most of the inscriptions here: this is given by Colonel Sykes as No. 11 among his.

We now come to a vihara 29 ft. 5 in. deep by 24 ft. 3 in. wide, the front wall much destroyed, but which' was perforated by a door and probably two windows. It has no cells, but has a stone bench round the three inner sides, and may have been a refectory or a school. Under the left corner is a well with abundance of cool water.

Still westwards is a cell and cistern, then a small hall-the front wall gone and without any cells; next one or two more cisterns, beyond which the advance becomes more difficult, and leads to or through three more small caves; on the wall outside the last of which is an inscription (No.6) measuring about 2 ft. by 8 in. 'I'hia is No. 13 in Colonel Sykes's copies.

To the left 'of this is a recess, then two cells, and still farther west are two or three others, which appearing almost inaccessible, I returned about noon to J unnar, crossing the Kukadl on the way. An avenue of trees said to have been planted by Amratrao, the adopted son of Raghoba, runs from the Kukadi to the

1

A

CAVES IN JrlANJlODI BILL.

foot of the hill in which these caves are, and which is said to be mentioned in the Ga;n,es' a Purana under the name of the Lehansdri : locally it is known as the

Ganes'a Pahh- or SulaimAn Pahsr,

Monday afternoon.-The MA.nmodi Hill lies to the south-west of Junnar, about a mile west of the main road. Proceeding to the east face of the hill, I went up to the level of the most southerly group of caves. The first reached was a recess over a cell, or cistern, the front fallen away; on the left side of the recess is an inscription (No.7) in one line. A little to the north of this, on the left side of a larger recess over the side of a cistern, is another inscription (No.8) in three lines, of which, however, the first letters are quite obliterated. Above a precipice to the north of this are-(1) a single cell, (2) a broken cistern, and then (3) seven cells in a line. The barometer here indicated 27'49 in. about 2,360 feet.

Returning back from these and scrambling along a precipice to the south, we reach, first, a small vihA.ra without cells, then another with two octagonal columns and two pilasters in front of the verandah rising from a seat. The door is 5 ft. lOin. wide and reaches to the roof of the hall, which has been frescoed. The verandah is about 2 ft. higher than the cave andthe back of the seat or low screen outside is carved with rail ornament. The hall is 33 ft. deep and varies from 11 to 13 ft. wide, but at the back stands a mass of rock over 8 ft. wide by 5i thick, with a squatting figure roughly sketched out on the front of it. This mass of rock is very rotten behind and at the left side of it is a well of excellent water. The verandah is 4 ft. 7 in. wide and 19 ft. 10 in. long; the columns are of the usual N Asik pattern but without animal figures above: over them the frieze projects considerably, and is carved in the style of Cave IV. at NAsik,-the ends of rafters projecting on the lower fascia and the upper being carved with rail pattern. Over this is a recess about 2 or 3 ft. deep with the Chaitya arch over it, but without any carving.

Lower down in the face of the cliff, and somewhat to the north of this are some cells choked with prickly-pear and milk-bush.

A few yards south of the larger cave above mentioned is a vihAra with two pillars and pilasters in the verandah and with three doors leading into as many cells. Farther on still are one or two others almost inaccessible.

Returning from this point to the north and winding round the hill to the north-west side, we come upon another group of caves,-the lower ones of easy access. Among them is an unfinished Chaitya, the front of which is almost covered with inscriptions, but from their positions and the circumstance that in most cases the surface of the rock has not been smoothed before cutting them, it may be inferred that they are only the work of visitors and not the records of the original excavators. Three of them are given by Colonel Sykes, and others by Dr. Bird. This Chaitya has a verandah with two columns of the NA.sik type in front, which support the entablature above the great window. Inside it is wholly unfinished: the aisles have not been commenced, for a great fault in the rock seems to have stopped operations. The capital of the Dahgoba is blocked out, and portions of a square mass from which to carve the dome. The floor is now much filled up with mud. The cave faces N. by E.

2"c

....... or it. •• cell, aJao deep in earth, in which is a Dabgoba, ..... ... 1IDIBeUa cawed OIl ibe roof, bWI the steil' baa been broke. ~ 'w.itl& a flew to eon"'ert. it into the WRJal Saiva emblem. &yODel it at'$ ptionB of other cells and a fragment of aD inecriptWn beside IOID8 molllrllf'" ItMps laading up to five cella above those last mentioned. The two at tW.."..a are oOnVertM into one by cntting away the partition. In the bact waD otthis ~ are two def~ figureS of Buddha. and in the west wall a titd aittiug Under foliage with diminutive attendants or figures in the parigam. The siftha. or lion is traoo&ble on one or two eX the GBataa8 or seats, and a woodea .hme work seems to have been fitted to them, for there are holes in the atones for the wood. to hold. This is now dedicated to the goddess AmbiM-e. name of Rrratt indeed, but also the S' 6.sa.nade vi or patron goddess of N eminAth. one of the favourite Ttrtha.nkarns of the Jains,-by whoDjl she may h&ve been borrowed from some Buddhist sect, Here we have Brahmans worshipping the mutil&ted images of Buddha. as a S'aiva goddess. In the outer wa.ll of the Jirst or these cells there has been a. standing and a sitting figure of Buddha, but theee are now ~ obliterated. These are the only figures of the kind I bave met with in the caves here.

On the west of the Chaitya are some cells much choked up with earth, and with at laut three inscriptions in them. And high up above these are a few more cells but inaccessable. Further to the west is a cistern under a tree. From this point. as the Bun had already set, I returned to Junnar.

Tuesooy, 10th November.-Starting early for the last noticed group, I began work this morning by taking • estampagee ' of three of the inscriptiona. Two of them (Nos. 9 and 10) in the cells on the right or wes~ of the Cha.itya, and the third-one of those on the left side of the fs.9ade: owing partly to the stone not having been smoothed before the letters were incised, and partly to the paper I used being new to me and previously untried. J>?rha.J.ls also fro~ haste,. this l~t did ~ot prove !l satisfac~ry one. Dr. Bird gives It as No. vi., but his copy 18 certainly wrong lD some of the letters at least.

Proceeding a considerable way round to the west on the slope of the hill, another unfinished Chaitya. is reached, facing north-east by north, towards Junnar, This is the cave of which a very imperfect sketch by Professor Orlebar is given by Dr. Bird (Plate XV!). The door is nearly the whole width of the cave; the lintel of it is broken; and the top of the aperture of the window is much lower than the arched roof of the cave. The great arch over it in the fagade, however, is high and over the window the space is divided fan-wise into seven petal. shaped compartments: in the upper or middle one is a female figure with a lotus-flower on each side; the compartments next to this have each an elephant standing on a 10tuB and holding up a water-jar, as frequently represented beside figures of Lakshmi or Sri on old Veishnava temples. In the compartment behind each elephant stands a male figure, his hands over or in. front of head, doing pujd towards the central figure; and in the lowest or outer petals are two females in similar attitudes: beside each is a lotus-flower and bud. Over and outside this the architrave or jamb of the great arch projects, on each side of the finial of which is a figure (very unlike those in Professor Orlebar's sketch): that on the left holds a chauri and has wings, and Borne animal'a head above his jaunty turban;



TULlA LENA OAYKB •

.

the other holds some object in his right hand and behind each shoulder are two snake hoods with their tongues (1) hanging out. Right and left of these are dahgobas in high relief but roughly formed. On the projecting frieze over all are seven Chaitya window ornaments, with smaller ones between their finials; and two on the faces of the jambs. Inside the cave three octagonal pillars on the right side are blocked out, as is also the dshgoba, but without the capital. There is a horizontal 80ft stratum in the rock which has probably led to the work being relinquished in its present state. On the left side a pipal tree has taken root,

and ought to be destroyed. .

Higher up the rock on the east side of this are four cells with neatly-carved f89ade, each door having a chaitya-window arch over it, projecting about 15 in. and between the arches are two dahgobas with chattria in half relief, while over the shoulder of each arch is a smaller one as an ornament, and the Buddhistrail ornament along the top. There is one plain cell west of these; and rather higher up on the east are four others.

Under these is a vihAra. with two cells in the back and two in the left or east side, but the front is gone. It communicates by a passage with another to the

west of it nearly filled up with mud. .

West of the chaitya are two small cells high up in the rock.

It was now past noon, and as the C estampages' were not yet dry, they were left till evening.

Aflwmoon.-Having Bent out a ladder to the Afis Brlgh, I went to a large Muhammadan GumbAz there, 51 ft. square, with eight tombs inside in a line,husband, wife, and six of the family, while the devoted servant's is just inside the east door. I was prepared to find an inscription covering perhaps from 20 to 25 square feet, but had not even the means of reaching the top of the one I found in the arch over the Mehrab, covering about four times the area I had been led to expect, besides two deep lines of Arabic down each side: to. have taken an impression or rubbing would have required scaffolding, and an amount of time I was not prepared to devote to it. Possibly some local officer may be ableto procure through the Maulavi or otherwise a tolerably correct copy from which any historical facts it may contain might be derived; but my impression is that it is mostly composed of texts from the Qoran. Over the main entrance, . on the south side, is also a short inscription. The dome is lofty and the building worth being preserved. The pipal trees that have taken root on it should be extirpated with as little delay as possible.

West from it is a smaller one 22 ft. square, with three doors and a pyramidal roof. Round the head of the walls outside runs a deep cornice, which sets off this building, otherwise a very plain one.

There is another dargah in the Afo Bdg" said to contain an equally long inscription with that in the larger tomb just mentioned.

From these d,argaks, I returned to the caves in the Manmo4i Hill and removed the • estampagea J and got back with them to the bungalow about sunset.

8

w~ l11A.NOII6mNr.-The Tul.iA LenA group of caves liee in. hiU" a aUt. iIbd • bIf ar two miles west from :TUnnar, and are 10 named because

cd: tmam -.'&too apptoopriated by the modern Brahmans to TuljA DBVt. ~ ~ ~ the tberlllOm8ter was &t 700 F. and barometer at 27' 50, indicMing aD elevatioil.:Of about 2,350 ft. above the Be&..

'l'h&y it.ce ~ but all the f~es have fallen away. Beginning fro~ M1e 8Outli-eut we come to (1) two sidee of a cell ; (2) a small vihAra with two celh on the left Bide, two in the back, and one in the right side j and (3) a chaitya of a form quite new: it is circular, 25 ft. 6 in. 8.C1'08B, with a dahgoba. 8 ft. 2 in. in diameter in the centre surrounded by twelve plain octagonal shatia 11 ft. 4. in. high, supporting a lofty dome over the dahgobe.. The outer aisle is arched over from a wall line 9 ft. 1 in. from the floor. to the upper side of an architrave " or 8 in. deep over the pillars. The dahgoba is plain, the cylinder beiDa: 4 ft. 4 in. high, but the capital has been hewn off to convert it into a pfuaa of S'iva, and even the dome is much backed. Before the lut cave, this and the next is a platform built by the modern votaries of TuljA. Devt, The next (4) is the back of a cell with a recess appropriated to TuljA. j then come the remains of three more cells, and a. fourth with a wooden door appropriated by the priest. The next is a plain cell a.nd beyond it the backs of two celli.over the front of one of them are chaitya-window ornaments and two or three figures: then two more plain, and two with chaitya-window heads over the doors, and smaller ones between, with rail ornament, supported by slender brackets in entire relief, as at Bhd.jd., and quadrantal carved roll. The last cave is a. hall 23 feet wide with one large cell at the left corner and seat round the three sides. In front of and considerably below the cells towards the north-west end is a tank, with masonry walls on two sides. The rock is 80 cut away in front of the cells above that it must have undermined the fronts of them and caused their destruction. Possibly this tank was originally a large cistern in the rock underneath the cells, and the pressure at the same time destroyed ita roof and the front of the caves.

Leaving the Tulj6. Lena caves and striking across the plain to the eouth-west, my guides brought me round the southern base of S'ivanert fort, and to save time scaled it through the jungle of cactus and other thorny bushes on that side. and by lOh.5m. A.M. we reached ChAnd Btbt's Mosque: Baroni. 2'7'05 in., about 2,800 feet. Ther. 78° F. in the shade. The mosque is 22 ft.6 in.by16 ft. 8 in. inside. 'I'be two minarets are united by a flying arch, and, as remarked by Mr. Sinclair, H form a figure of the greatest simplicity and beauty, standing as they do sharp a.gainst the sky."* There is an inscription high up on the right aide of the arched entrance. The mosque overhangs a flue tank cut in the solid rock, from which a large cave runs in under the rock, supported by square columna, and filled with water.

Near the top of the hill is an 'Idgah, and Adam Subedar's tomb, which has an inscribed string-course round the frieze, and smaller inscriptions over the doors. A cold wind was blowing here which brought the thermometer down to 73" F., Barom, 26'87 in., about 2,970 feet above the sea. From this we descended by the usual rough path from the gate,and reached the bungalow about noon.

• See I,wiian. Antlq'UaTY, Vol, II., P: 45.

CA. VBS IN ~lV ANEBt

9

Wed1&e8day aftemoon.-At 2 P.M. started again for Sivanert, taking the east face of the hill. Going well along towards the south and, after visiting several cells in the lower scarp, came to a cave which has had originally two columns and pilasters in front of a narrow verandah. The cave has a wide door, and inside is a large square cell with the cylindrical base of a dahgoba-all coarsely hewn. Can the top have been of wood or other perish. able or removeable materiall This cave faces E.N.E. and the barometer indicated 27'45 in. On the sides of the scarp to the north of these excavations are several cisterns.

This side of the hill is peculiarly steep, and owing to the. slippery dry grass it .was ascended with difficulty. At 3-25 P.M. the thermometer at 80° F. and the barometer at 27'1:t in. (2,750 ft.) a cave was reached at the south end of the upper scarp. In the north end of this cave is a stair leading to an upper floor. It has been a small hall, but the front is entirely gone except one pilaster at the south end. In the south wall is a small roughly hewn recess, and along the wall near the roof is an inscription (No. 11) in one line of deeply incised letters, with a raised device at the commencement. The hall below this has three cells on each side and four at the back-several of .hem quite unfinished.

Further north and somewhat higher, beyond a recess and a cistern with two openings, is a vihara, the entire front of which is open, with a plain pilaster at each side having holes in them for the fastenings of the wooden front that has once screened the interior. There is a bench round the walls and an advanced seat at the back as if for an image, or, perhaps, a gu,ru or teacher. It has been occupied in more recent times, as evidenced by a mud wall inside. Next we come to some large cisterns of which the roof has fallen in, and over the north side of them is a large vibara with four cells at the back and two in the south end. In this case, again, there seems to have been originally only a wooden front; but for this has been substituted a stone one of ten courses of ashlar most carefully jointed, with a neatly carved door of the style of about the 10th century, and a well-wrought lattice stone window let into the wall. These were probably substituted by some Hindu sect not Bauddba. There is a fragment of an inscription at the north end, over a bench outside. North of this are some more cells, much decayed, but which had probably all wooden fronts: holes in the rock seem to indicate this.

At 4·35 P.M., after a very difficult and painful scramble from the last group, I reached the Bdra Kotri group, so called from a large vihara with twelve cells. Bar. 27'14 in., about 2,700 feet; Ther. 79° F. Fir .. ~t, over a cistern broken in, is a dahgoba in half relief in front of a large cell with one stone bed, and having on the south side of the door a long inscription in five lines of varying length and in somewhat florid characters. Time did not permit my copying this, but as the letters had all been painted, I doubt not it was copied by Dr. Bhau Daji's Pandit. Next come four cells, the last with a stone bed; third, three wells with a small hall over the last which once had two square pillars in front; it is reached by a stair landing in the north end of the verandah. Fourtk the Bhd Kotri 36 ft, 8 in. wide and 33 ft. 5 in. deep, with four cells on each

3 Ie

10

ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

side, and a bench round all four. It has two doors and two large windows, one of them measuring 9 ft. 10 in. in width, with a groove in the sill for the wooden frame-work.

Beyond this are several cells and a well, then a small vihA-ra with three cells 00 the south side, and two at the back, with a dahgoba in half relief, in a recess, probably an older form than that in Cave Ill. at Nasik.

The next is a fine cave; it is a lofty flat roofed ViMra.· The front wall was probably originally pierced for two windows and the central door 6 ft. 1 in. wide, but the south window has been hewn down until it forms a door; inside the front wall is an outer cross aisle or vestibule .j, ft. 9 in. wide, separated from the inner hall by two octagonal pillars and two others just attached to the wall: these have the Nasik or water-jar base and capitals, but the latter do not reach the cross beam above; from the capital rises a short square pillar about 2l feet high reaching to the roof, which is perhaps 18 or 19 feet high. The inner hall is 30 ft. 11 in. by 20 ft. 6 in., near the back of which stands a well proportioned dahgoba 10ft. 3 in; in diameter, the cylindrical part 5 ft. 11 in. high and surrounded on the upper margin by the rail pattern and with what are intended to represent the ends of bars projecting out below it. The umbrella is carved on the roof and connected with the capital by a short shaft. The ceiling has been painted and still retains large portions of the colouring: the design is in squaTes each containing concentric circles in orange, brown, and white, but light was beginning to fail and I could not be certain of the darker tints. Outside is an inscription 10 three lines (No. 12) first given by Colonel Sykes (Journal Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. IV., page 289, No.7) in a not very accurate copy. Beyond this are some wells and fragments of cells. I t was now full time to return, and by a rough and dangerous descent over slippery dry grass and steep rocks, I reached the bungalow again a little after 6 P.M.

Thu.rsday, 12th Nove1nber.-After a four miles' walk and a steep climb I reached the caves in a spur of a hill to the east of the Ganes' a Lena at 7-40 A.M. Ther. 72° F., Baroni. 27'34 in. = about 2,400 feet, The caves here face S.S.W. The Chaitya, the most easterly of the group, is a small one 8 feet 3 inches wide inside and 22 feet 4 inches in length, or about 15 feet 4 inches from door to the dahgoba 4 feet 10 inches diameter. The sides or jambs of the fa~ade are carved with chaitya window ornaments some having a dahgobs inside, and others a lotus flower, while the rail ornament is interspersed in the usual way. The face of the moulding round the window is also carved with a geometrical pattern. The walls are not straight, nor the floor level, and altogether the work seems to have been left unfinished, except perhaps the upper part of the dahgoba, the cylinder of which is 4 feet 10 inches high, and the total height 9 feet 4 inches. The aisle, which is never wanting in a finished dahgoba, has not been begun here. To the narrow ledge over the architrave of the walls .is 16 feet and to the roof 18 feet 2 inches.

N ext to this, but higher up and almost inaccessible, are two cells; then a well; and thirdly a small vihdra with two windows and two cells at the back, one

...

CAVES IN SIV ANERL

11

with a stone bed, and some rough cutting in the wall between the doors to them resembling a dahgoba but quite unfinished. It has also a cell with stone bed at the left side; outside are two more cells, and a chamber at the end of the verandah. which is common both to the vihA-ra and cells. These caves usually represented as inaccessible, from the precipice being almost perpendicular are difficult of access and dangerous for anyone not having a steady head and unaccustomed to climbing.

I

At 9-40 A.M. I returned to J unnar again and started immediately for Si vaneri,

reaching the first cave from the north on the western slope of the fort at 10-50 AM., Ther. 76° F., Barom. 27'20, about 2,650 feet. It is a vihAra 30 feet 8 inches wide by 27 feet 6 inches deep with two windows and a door. It has had a verandah about 4 feet wide with 4 pillars of wood: the four square members of the abacus are carved in the rock with a hole about 2 inches square on the undersurface of each to receive the tenon of the wooden shaft. On the ceiling is a fragment of painting, just sufficient to show that it has been in the same style as

in the Chaitya on the other side of the hill. .

At 11-20 A.M. reached another group consisting- of five wells and a vihara. with four cells, having a mud wall built up in the front of it. South from these again are fragments of three or four others facing W.N. W. but no ways remarkable.

Measurements were taken for plans of all the - more important caves, and copies of the accompanying inscriptions, which are submitted for translation by Pali scholars.

This completed my four days' examination of the caves around J unnar, and after visiting the J umma Masjid, which is remarkable for its carved wooden brackets well deserving of being photographed, and inspecting a sculptured stone deposited in the Kacheri by Mr. W. F. Sinclair, C.S., which, whether it be Hindu or Buddhist, is certainly unique in the quaint and peculiar style of its sculpture, and well worth publication. * The same evening I reached NarayA.nganw, and on the 14th Poona.

J. BURGESS, Archreological Surveyor and Reporter to Government.

Bombay, 21st November 1874 .

• I would suggest that if this stone can be conveyed in 'lJ.jety, it should be sent to the Asiatio Society's Museum in Bombay, where it could be easily photographed.

12

AB.CBAroLOGICAL SURVEY 01' WK8'RU INDIA.

INSCRIPTIONS FROM KANARA·

, . J Of the Inscriptions from Belg&.m and Kal8.dgi in the Report of ., last Bea.

I " f son'l work, Mr. J. F. Fleet, C.S., supplies the following transcriptions and

, ,.' '\ ,. tranllatiolUl with remarks on the first :-

A A

No. 7.-BADAIII.-IN8<JBIPTION IN CAVB III.

Transcription.

~ 11 ~~ql«{~'l1T( afr )CfAT'ql"oq6mSllorr~<ft!~rarr~ a:rRr!t'fTflr~tr.t ~I 'it ~.ft 0,& U4i'lf%~J\f~-

1f"'t<1I .. qf.l~'lid~fflf :qi<f4I .. 1 em~: ~~~q6"-

q;;r: ~~\\fI'1I(ioJ1:qr(: 34=t<ti~OI.IO"~fi~~1(ijlcijdc<J~sr("Sq(lifii{tcijl(eqiif: ~q~~r"'«OIt.t-

1iRr: q"tql"(Ia<4('i~cel mit .I<ti'2ql~(Ia<4lf~~<tiijtt«~~ ~ ~ ~fCf~~I .. i~d"JqftlftO(lq~';'dql~~'I("S~lWI'I(qa1P(1I"P-tr.."1qqij'I~<tiI-

lTT{: ~r ~r(ir) lIUf.lCSo:t'l(qM~~ql~csq<tiq(q4dili"'r..(~d(~)~~qa1rdl~\\lqi{ltM1qd4 CfCelT

~ If(JCfiT~oJ1ql(4i iJr~orR?r ~r-RTcfr ~: ~-

~( ar )ir~( ~ ~~dlq(lI(q~(4 ~: qftrIfTIJfamlf-

ifl~«{~( lJ )~( ~) ("S'~~;wrrq- m¥t''''I(lqol .. O'~q(I(I~ ql<\I\1'<iI~ ~q ~RfI\ .. q~f'qI:fI"f'1 ~ .,.. qR'lI\1fCfi.rt-

Jqr4'ttql"X. (1<ti("S"1'lrqO,&("S( ~ )CfiffiifcertlJ ~~ldti~("sI!t<ti~"("SG~"1qqdICfiI"("s~d:qdw~tTfQifelql~dq\r:q(ff- .

itmit~ t«i'{~~ffi'lf ;rqBIQIt¥tJri' <til~q'irOt

troiiir"ffilJ dc~otilq:qqCfi("Sql~iQlfliq(I"1,,(1q~-

~(i) r.rSl)fI~ldqtqJr2~~[~] fbrlJCCfi("S"'\1r'fcf ~Rt [1I]d(if) ~~[il.] qf\(jq~doq: II ~~r ~ ~~r~ fltQ'

. .

• In the original this letter is inserted below the line, having been at first omitted.

t In the original the or.. and the t are clear, but the first conaonant of the compound letter has

been effaced; judging from the space left and the position of the ~, the missing letter is probably ~ but it might of course be IT n or ....

...... ....' ..... , '"

I

\

I 'I

MR. PLEET'S TRANSLATIONS, &0 .•

13

"" qu~: \m ~ CfU ~[II] ~ troref en it(~}~ ~ qt?",(1~ q ill"'1~~ ~ [ " ]

~ ~ err ~ m- i(ij"~ J\f'r.fsrqi

~terr ~ ~ ["] oqle4ftdr:~: II

Translation.

Hail I In the twelfth year of his prosperous reign, five hundred of the years of the royal installation of the S'aka king having expired, S'ri-Ma.~gaUs'va.ra, who is valorous in war,-whose two feet are tinted with the lustre of the jewels in the diadems of kings who have been caused to bow down before him by the edge of the sword which is wielded by his arm,-who is the auspicious abode of victory over the (whok) earth as far as the four oceans·,-who is a most excellent worshipper of (Vish'Il'U as) the Holy Onet ,-who is born in the lineage of the

Chalkyas who meditate on the feet of S'ri-SvAmit, who are of the kindred of MA.navya, who are the offspring of Haritl, and whose heads are purified by ablutions performed after the celebration of the Agnishtbma, Agnichayana,

VAja~ya, and Paul)4arika sacrifices, and horse-sacrifices which cost much gold,who is endowed with the three constituents of regal power§,-who is the full moon of the sky which is the race of the Chalkyas,-who is possessed of a body which is adorned with a multitude of many good qualities,-who has an intellect which is intent upon the true essence of the meaning of all the sacred writings, -who is possessed of extreme strength and prowess and energy,-having erected a temple, an abode of the great "Vishl)u, surpassing everything which is celestial or human, fashioned with most curious workmanship, most worthy to be looked at on the surface of any primary or secondary division of the earthll, and having given rich gifts to BrAhmal)s in it on the holy full-moon of the month KArttika, granted, on the occasion of the installation of the image of the holl Vishl)u who destroyed the army of the enemies of the gods with his discus the shape of which is like that of the sun risen (again) after the destruction of the universe, the village called La.iijis'vara'-, having made a daily observance the bestowal of food and alms upon sixteen BrMunal)s for the purpose of offering the oblation to NArA.yal)a and (having set apart) the remainder for the sustenance of wandering religious mendicants,-~aying U In the presence of the Sun, Fire, and the (guild of). Mer-

• i.e .• the northern, southern, eastern, and western oceana.

t ~Pa.rama;bhkayati, .. a moat excellent worshipper of Bhagavln or Vishnu.

t A name of K&rttikAya. or lOhAsena., the god of war. This and the following two titles belong alBo to the kings of the older KAdamba. dynasty of PalAl'ikA, (see Nos. 2, 6, and 7 of the intlCriptiODB publUhed by me at page 235 tit seq. of Vol. IX., No. xxvii., of the Journal of the Bam. Br. R. A. Society) and probably to the kings of other old dynasties also.

§ Be. majesty, the power of good counsel, and the force of energy.

H The meaning of the compound' bhamibh8g8pa, .tc.' is obscure and my interpretation of it may perhaps not be correct.

.. Bee Dote t to the transcription. ~JC

14

ABOH..tlOLOGICAL SURVEY 011' WESTERN INDIA.

" chanta", the reward of this accumulation of religious merit has been made over " with oblations of water to my elder brother Kirttivarm~, the lord of valour, who " was sufficiently powerful to protect the whole circle of the earth, who was adom" ed with a canopy consisting of his fame which was propped up by standards of " victory acquired in many battles in which there were melees of chariots and ele"phants and horses and footmen, and which was bounded (only) by the waves of "the four oceans+, and who was worshipped by gods and Brahmans and spiritual " preceptors; let whatever reward belongs to (me who am) possessed of a desire to "obey my brother accrue to me." (And this grant) is not to be diminished by anyone; (Jor) :-" Land has been given by many and has been continued in " grant by many; he, who for the time being possesses land, enjoys the benefit of it. " Carefully continue, 0 Yudhishthira.l and that has been given whether by thyself

" or by another; continuing a grant is the best (act) of kings and is more excellent "than gi ving. He, who confiscates land that has been given whether by himself " or by another, becomes a worm in the excrement of a dog and sinks (into hell) " with his ancestors" :-( these are) the verses sung by Vyaaa.

Remarks.

The inscription records the erection of a Vaish"t;lava temple an~ the allotment 9f g;rants on behalf of it by the Chslukya king Mangalis'vara or MangaUs'a in the S"aka year 501 (x.n, 579-80).

This is the ~rst instance that I have met with of the name of the dynasty being spelt as ' Chalkya 'j the usual form is Chalukya or ChaIukya, and it is, I think, also occasionally written Chalikya.

The early ChAJukya kings appear to have been very tolerant in matters of religion. In an inscription at AiholJi in the Kallldgi District, not far from BA-

dami, we find Pulikes'i II., the ~~phew al)d successor of MangaUs'a, ere9ting and making grants to a Jain temple in the Staka year 507, and Li~ga or S'aiva temples were erected and endowed by others of them.

The present inscription fixes the S'aka year 490 as the commencement of the reign of Man~alis/a. S"'aka 488 is the date obtained by Sir W. Elliot for his predecessor Kirttlyarma I.

This inscription also determines, with a precision not hitherto, I think, attained, the commencement of the S/ako. era. The era has been considered to date "from the birth of S'AJiva.hana, a mythological printe of the Dekhan, who "opposed Vikramaditya, the Raja. of Ujjayinl."i It is here said distinctly to " date from the royal installation or coronation of the S"ak&. king."

• The merchants, or probably the chief men among them, constituted a village jury and investigated disputes, pronounced the results of trials by ordeal (see the KAdamba inscription of Kittilr at page 304 et seq. of the above-mentioned number of the Journal of the Bom. Br, R . .4. SacUty)

witnessed grants with a view to subsequently proving them if required, &c. '

tie., which spread over and e.t~hole inhabited earth.

t Thomas' edition of Prinsep's,4 .. 8, page Ui4.

lIR. FLBET'S TRAN8LATIONS, &C.

15

No. 23.-PATrADKAL.- ON A PILLAR IN THE E. PORCH or THB GREAT TEIIPLJ:.

Transcription.

¥f"(d~d .. ::q.,(::q., I Pcn ~d"lijoq-

*

ftN({~ ~ qrt(1.,'f~~

~ II "l~oqit(d'fd9tdq'd-

( .. ::q.,UuAqqld., ~1"'d.,a\I~( ~: ) ~(~)~dl"dlf~: 'Ii"(q)d'ftf II.

Translation.

As an elephant, blinded by rot, is deprived of his frenzy by the roaring of a lion, so other actors are deprived of their presumption by the rules which are to be adhered to by actors and which are comprised in the arrangement of the celebrated precepts of Bharata+, As a curved and lofty mountain falls, having its summit torn open and thrown down by the fall of a thunderbolt, so disingenuous and arrogant actors fall, having their heads cleft open and bowed down by a very clever composition in accordance with the opinions of Bharata, which are to he adhered to by actors.

No. 33.-INSCIUPTION IN AI' OLD TEIIPLJ: AT AIHOLLI •

••

Transcription.

Mfta [II] 'it'i(1qlra{ ""~ ;UE1qlflICld5{d: [I]

.. untt'" ~ ;r{(it;r~a:rffitll

Translatim1.

Hail l There has not been and there shall not be in Jambudvlpa any wise man, proficient in (the art of building) houses and temples, equal to Narasobba.

N'ote.-The initiallettera of the lines in the above transcriptions correspond to the initial letters of the lines of the originals. In the ori~inals the lines are for the most part all of the same len o- th ;

in this respect, h )wever, it is not possible to imitate the originals in the transcriptions. '"

J. F. FLEET, Bo. C.S.

• This letter WM at first omitted in the original a.nd then inserted below the line.

t The author of a collectioo of rWei 00 the subject of drama.tic composition and theatrica' exhibitioo.



I I

.1iucriplUm..r fi.tmv tk Uwu gf'.7Unnm:

':fOl~ J 1Y ~], ~~J TJ Ji hru~v AJf n rU_ OJ ~f rU ru" a Ft cb W J i: ~ 71 f w a ~ ':li .

~2lQGj jAii wrlJh Ocf,'u 6d ~IbQ ~fY1

~JW:T r..uL ucuJ(O.l.. h..:r. F\ U rl L:[J ~J rL tf _ .

~ ~hcV}j-J.. f cV l w a·~ ·d. ~ l1 W J 1'!1 f>~

~t.LJ, j 11 ~ rjiVt in hhdj lo." I. JP.!> ~ .:- (G X zf./. t 1: ~ IV

fjcOlYLJt.-L vi"\!.JJlI ($.' ~ .i z ti ~J: JJ.L lJ h jf~

_ ~~ u ci ]fJJ r~ (1]1 L 2,

f.}~ h~2S ~ h~~' l A~ ITJ.,OX 41,

JQ_6 ~ cL ~ S u ~ j cV 'j h cL

~:rtl:i;i.J ,7 0 tJ c.V "'"' £( J.. LI C. J.. (lJ 0 cC. 4 rl r< cV twa ~ J' i ~

.~'~l{ ~ ~hcb ~ n "Iv jj UJ ~tV

\ ,\,' lillI/If . ~ I) ..} .x s ~ .r, 1. ,) ,TJ l....~

.:, \.'.ItII;r{li,~i d ~X( u d ljp (3Wll<v~ £rJi1: J uO · J(V1J,.l rv.l. "'J \1, J

~':f; (fLfdo f .i, ~·t I J, _r_·rf ~ I

>J c:lJ tL J)S J~ ~ 'iI!:) ~

q(J~ h~f1a fl h~ diI n ri1J,ci ~

~fQ.IO ct::L ~ n lJ' 11 'K y ~ ~ () Ls- I..J ~ ~./~ A '--cU~ a~ljcLd~r.ruf4

~D~·~·aJ~cY~ticUi1U?fJJtVj~~ctJnIE :E ~ J. Q &1J6I ,,"lZ~ iJ(VIJ(v()l.rU~lJ3 We\)

<i<! 2 (l ~ ~ iwa"~·d~ww J

2 t1j ;ry (J ~ it J '(;1) c:J:J-~ ~

MEMORANDUM

ON

THE ANTIQUITIES

AT

DABHOI, AHMEDABAD, THAN, JUNAGADH, GIRNAR.

AND DHANK. .

BY

J. ~URGESS, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S., M. DE LA SOC. As.,

,

ARCH.t:OLOGICAL SURVEYOR AND REPORTER TO GOVERNMENT •



lSombay:

PRINTED BY ORDER OF GOVERNMENT AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.

1875.

MEMORA~DUM OF THE ARCH.tEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN

II. ,.,.

KATHIAWAR.

THE CHIEF SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT, BOHBAY.

SIR,

I have the honour to submit the following outline of the progress of the survey during the months of December 1874 and January 1875, for the information of Government, and in anticipation of the more complete report, which can scarcely be published within another twelve months.

I reached Dabhoi on the 2Bth November last, expecting my assistants on the 30th: they did not appear, however, till the evening of 1st Deoember; and the Sohool of Art student sent was so little qualified for the work that I had to send him back, and his place was not supplied till 24th December.

The principal objects of interest at Dabhoi are the old walls and gates.

The latter are four in number, but from Dabhoi (Sansk. Darbhdvatt) being one of the most easterly fortresses of the kingdom of Anhillawa.cJA, both fortifications and gates suffered from the Muhammadan invasions in the end of the twelfth and the thirteenth century. The fortifications are said to have been founded. during the ~lorious reign of SiddharA.ja Jayasmha (A.D. 1093-1142) and repaired by VISa! Deva in the end of the thirteenth century (cir. 1255).

• Forbes, in his Oriental Memoirs (Vol. II. pp. 335-337) gives the following . tradition connecting the name of Visa} Deva with Dabhoi :-

" I may observe that the Bhauts and Churruns, the only historians of Guzerat, account for their expensive and sumptuous portal and the other magnificent structures in the city by the following story, which is probably founded on fact; though blended. with fable. Their traditions relate that, many centuries ago, a Hindoo Rajah, named Sadara Jai Sihng,· the' Lion of Victory,' reigned in Putton, the Paithana, or Paitana, of the ancient Greeks:t a city built on the banks of the river Godavery, at a great distance from Dhuboy.

" According to the privileged custom of oriental monarchs this rajah had seven wives, and many concubines; the first in rank, and his greatest favourite. was called Ratanalee, the 'Lustre of Jewels,' an additional name conferred upon her, expressive of transcendent worth and superior beauty, in which and every elegant accomplishment she excelled all the ladies in the harem. She thus preserved. an ascendancy over the rajah, notwithstanding she had no child, and several of the rest had presented him with princes. • The intrigues and jealousies

• SiddharAo Jayasingh who reigned A.D. 1093-1142, but died childle88.-J. B.

t Here Forbes is all wrong: the capital of the Gujarat kings was at Anhillawadi Pattan on the

Sarasvati,-the Neherwalah of the .A.ra.bic geographers.-J. B. ..

B 686-(.1

2

AROHAl:OLOGICAL SURVEY.

among the secluded females in the eastern harems are well known; they prevailed powerfully at Putton, where the ladies were all jealous of Rattanalee, and used every means to alienate the rajah's affection from his favourite; but when they found ihat she also was in a state of pregnancy, their hatred knew no bounds. According to the superstitious customs of the Hindoos, they employed charms and talismans to prevent the birth of the child; and the beloved sultana, superstitious and credulous as themselves, imagined their spell had taken effect, and that while she remained in the palace her infant would never see the light.

" Impressed with these ideas, she departed with a splendid retinue to sacrifice at a celebrated temple on the banks of the N erbudda, and after a long journey arrived late in the evening at a sacred grove and lake, about ten miles from the river, on the very spot where Dhuboy now stands; there the princess pitched her tents, intending to conclude the journey the next morning. In this grove dwelt a Gosanee, who had renounced the world, and passed his life in religious retirement. On hearing of Rattanalee's arrival he requested to be admitted into her presence, a request which is seldom refused to those holy men: he desired her not to proceed any further, as that grove was sacred, and there in a few days she would be delivered of a son. The princess followed his advice and continued in her encampment until the birth of her child, who, at the 00- sanee's desire, was named Viseldow, 'or the child of twenty months.'

" This pleasing news was soon conveyed to the rajah, who declared young Viseldow heir to the throne; and finding his mother delighted with the spot where she had obtained the blessing, and fearful of returning among the ladies of the harem, he ordered the lake to be enlarged, the groves extended, and a city erected surrounded by a strong fortification, and beautified with very costly decoration. The most eminent artists were engaged to build this famous city, and over them was placed a man of superior abilities, who lived to complete the immense work, thirty-two years after its commencement. At that time Viseldow· had succeeded his father on the throne of Putton, but generally resided at the place of iis nativity, where, on dismissing the several artists, he made them suitable presents; but desirous of more amply gratifying the man to whose superior taste it was indebted for such extraordinary beauty, he desired him to name a reward for his services. The architect respectfully replied, that being happy in the prince's favour he wanted neither money nor jewels; but as the place had not yet received any particular name, he entreated it might be called after his own, Dubhowey, which was immediately granted, and with a slight alteration is the name it still retains."

The gate that has suffered most is the Hir& gate on the east, beside a temple of K&lkA MA.t&, remarkable for its profuse sculpture: the most entire is the Nan. dod gate on the south. Original portions, however, of the four still remain,-they have only been repaired or partially rebuilt, and Muhammadan arches substituted for the old Rajput mode of spanning the aperture by corbelling inwards, with long stone lintels above su~orted by a senes of carved brackets. The gates are about 16 feet wide by 30 deep, with six arches in the depth, the pilasters to which contract the clear way to little over 13 feet. The space between the

• Visal Deva, the brother of Vira Dhavala of the Waghela. dynasty, ruled from 1243 to 1261.-J. B.

AHMEDABAD.

3



middle pair of arches is about 8t feet, and to the outer of these two the gate was hung. Inside there is one small room on each side, about 6, feet by 9, for the darwdn; ot1terwiBe the lower portion on each side of the entrance is a solid mass of masonry 30 feet by 12.

The brackets and lintels and upper portions of the side walls have all been elaborately carved with mythological figures and architectural ornament; and inside over the top of the fagade of the N AndotJ gate there are remains of a line of

. statues. Most of the larger figures, however, have been damaged by the Muhammadans. The Hiri. gate, said to be so named from the mason or master- builder under whose superintendence and from whose designs it and the temple beside it were built, has suffered so much that it has been almost entirely rebuilt. There are fragments of two inscriptions on this gate, but so situated and in such condition that I could get neither rubbing nor' estampage t of them. Had I only had a p~tJit with me, copies might, with some care, have been obtained, 8B also of a much more perfect one on a marble slab on the base of KAlkA's temple, and of another in Persian and Sanskrit near the large tal!o, in the town. The walls are much ruined in many. places, but there are still considerable remains of the covered portico or colonnade that extended along the inside of them, and which probably formed the barracks of the Hindu garrison: it is generally over 9 feet in depth, with portions 16 feet 4 inches deep: one of the most entire being to the right on entering the BarodA gate.

The tower at the south-west corner drawn by Kinloch Forbes (Baa Mdla, Vol., I. p. 252) has perpendicvlar walls: they do not slope ifllUJards as he represents.

Photographs ~ere taken of the Hir! gate and temple, of the N!nd04 and Baroda gates, and of the tower just referred to. I wanted also sketches of some of the curiously sculptured stones built into the walls beside the Mort gate, but here my assistant failed me.

5th December. AHMEDABAD.-Here I got very good rubbings of many of the inscriptions in the mosques, and might have got many more had I been able to spare the time. With Colonel Mellis I went over the excavations in the Bhadr, and can have no doubt that the foundations he has exposed, are those of the original Mubammada:n citadel of the 15th century, to which the present building is long subsequent.s I examined the principal sculptured stones that had then been dug up, and have already suggested that they should be kept until my return to Ahmedabad, probably in April, when I shall select such as seem deserving of permanent preservation.

A principal object of my visiting the mosques, &c., of Ahmedabad and Sarkhej was to see what seemed to require special attention for their preservation.

• 'Mahmud Bega4.a surrounded Ahmedabad with a walilftld bastioDB in A.D. 1.sS.6, iDBcribiDg the Hijirah date in the chronogram,-

"" , , ,

l.w I 1:)'(' .dA ~ ~

"Whoever is within is safe."

ARCHJ!JOLOOIOAL SURVEY.

Rani Sipri's tomb is being extensively restored, and Rani Rupamatt's mosque is also undergoing thorough repair under the superintendence of Colonel Mellis. And most of the others that I had time to visit seem to be in fair repair, and only require occasional attention to keep down weeds and young trees which are so apt to take root on the flat roofs. Two or three monuments, however, do seem to require a little more attention than they have hitherto received. The first is Ahmed ShA.h's mosque in the Bhadr. It is hidden away from general inspection, in a courtyard filled with rubbish and weeds, and has not been used for worship for at least a century, but when carefully examined it will scarcely be found second in interest to any at Ahmedabad and in structural arrangements and proportions inside. It ought, I submit, to be cleaned out and kept in such repair as to prevent its going to decay: restoration I would ask none.

The Ranis's tombs come next in interest: they have suffered sadly from people carrying off the beautifully carved marble slabs. The court and corridors with the exquisitely latticed screens also require attention. •

The third building is Dastur KhA.n's mosque, the modern brick partitions and rubbish about which might be cleared away, and the perforated screen-one of great beauty-might be cared for.

Several of the buildings at Ahmedabad have, I believe, fallen into the hands of Government, and I know of no place in India where General Cunningham's very sensible recommendation to place religious buildings, no longer in 'Use as such, under the . civil authority of the place, could be more easily carried out. It has already been so done in several cases with the best results, where there are funds for the special preservation of the buildings; where this is not the case, I would suggest that the surplus of funds should not be largely expended on restorations, but used, in part at least, for the conservation of all the Musalman remains placed under the charge of the Collector.

Ahmedabad was illustrated about eight years ago by a series of about 120 photographs taken by Colonel Biggs and edited with very valuable architectural and historical introductions by Mr. J. Fergusson, D.C.L., F.R.S.; and Mr. T. Hope, Bo.C.S. But valuable and interesting as that work is, it by no means adequately represents the art and architecture of the place. Were the Archreological Survey of Western India not so limited both in time and equipment, it would be worth while to devote five or six months to the delineation of details, sections, ground-plans, &c., with a view to the preparation of a volume analogous to that issued eight years ago on Bijapur,-with the addition, however, of a complete series of the inscriptions.

10th December.-Left A hmedabad for Wadhwan, and reached Dhranghadhra the same evening, returning to Wadhwan on the 12th. On Monday, 14th, went to Muli, where is a fine large temple of Swd.mi Nd.rd.y~a, but it is so like others of the sect in many places throughout KMhiA.wA.d that I did not delay to photograph it.

.

15th December.-Thd.n is a village to the north of the main road from Wadhwan to RAjkot, 12· or 14 miles north-west from Mull. Close to the village is a

THAN.

5

small rock-cut apartment, apparently never quite finished. It has two pillars supporting the roof, and at the back a small shrine advancing into the cave with a stone bench in it as if for an image; but beyond this and the probability that, like the majority of other caves in this province, it may be Bauddhs, there is nothing further to indicate the sect that excavated it, nor the age in which it was made.

About 600 yards south-west from the village, in a rock or low rocky hill, is another similar cave somewhat smaller and very rudely formed: the roof is also supported by two pillars much worn, and two others at the back not quite detached from the rock. The roof 'is low and the sides unfinished. There have tlao been other excavations in the rock close by, but the stone is easily weather,vorn, and little of them remains.

Snake-worship still lingers among the Ka.~bis about ThAn. On the west side of a tank near the village is a smail temple devoted to it. The Devata is WAsukp.i or VA.singhji, (vulgarly pronounced' BAshanji ')-one of the five snake brethren: the others being BA.ndiA. Beli-who has a shrine at a place about 3 miles from ThAn, where is a slightly warm spring close to the ruins of MA.ndA.vga4h (in the MA.ndav hills) j TA.lsaniyo; Bhujiyo j and KhAmbrA. WA.sukhi is deified as S'esha NarA.y~, and represented in the temple, on a slab, by a triple-headed snake with the tail coiled up spirally, and two smaller monocephalous ones -one on each side. On their right (the spectator's left) is a figure of NArny~a or VishJ;lu. Both images are smeared red all over, and before them are laid s'dligrdmas and 8' afJdw,s. The pujari is a sannydsi from near Banares, and wears a brickred cloth and uses a. Rudrsksha MA.lA, or rosary, of 19 beads. Shading the temple is a large RdyaYl-a tree-the close foliage of small dark green oval leaves, which makes its shade 80 grateful, apparently having had to do with its being consecrated as a sacred tree in Western India, where it is specially dedicated by the Jains to their first Tirthankara-;Rishabhanathar-the patron saint of S'atrunjaya-no shrine to him being complete without a Raya~ tree overshadowing his ckarana or footprints.

In the court of this temple are many slabs of pottery, with images of the three snakes in alto rilievo similar to that in the shrine: they are apparently votive offerings. Doubtless much curious information respecting snake-worship and the worship of the Sun could be obtained in this neighbourhood by anyone who had the time and tact to elicit it: it is to be hoped Major Watson may some day take the opportunity of doing so.

Outside the village, on a long raised platform, are seven small shrines in line, each with a small open porch, and containing the charana of tlie Bhaktas of the KA~his,-except one in which a linga is placed. In another, a little advanced from the line, is a small brass image of KAnya, or IAlji On each side of him is what they call ' Niklanga '-a man on horseback-representing the tenth avatar of Vish~u, and in front of the altar are the pagZaYl- of JA.dra Bhakt-apparently R . recently deceased sadhu.

Four miles south from ThAn is the ruin of an old bil,nd known as the SAndti.sar, built originally of massive stones but burst by the force of the retained water, B 686-b

6

ARCHEOLOGICAL SUR~Y.

and the stones are now found scattered down the .stream for several miles .

• J ust above the east end of it on a rocky rising ground stands a small deserted temple called Muni BA.Wlfs. When entire it must have been a very pretty shrine- prettily situated where it commands an extensive view, much more beautiful doubtless when the SAndasar dam formed an extensive reservoir, almost in front of it. There is no inscription on it except on the jamb of the shrine door, where we read-

{fifO l_~~\t ~.

but which seems to have been cut by some visitor, for the temple must belong to about the same age as that of Sftrya Nar~ya~a at Somanath, and is probably the older of the two-possibly dating from the 11th century. The plan is the usual one for a small temple-a broken square, of twelve columns, with two outside on each face, forming bays to the side windows, a vestibule to the shrine and an iuner porch: each area measuring 6 feet 3 inches by 3 feet 4 inches. The square inside measures 15 feet 2 inches between opposite columns. The pillars are square below, and built partly into the high screen wall that surrounds the mandap : above the screen they are octagonal, with round capitals supporting brackets. Eacb bracket has a four-armed figure carved upon it-each figure different from the others or in a different position: one is a G~al>ati, another has a dog's face on his stomach and holds the mouth of it open with his fiugers, one has his head turned downwards and his back outwards, and supports the upper member of the bracket with his feet, some gape, and most of them are comical or whimsical.

One pillar of the mandap and much of the sculpture on the S'ikhar has fallen. The shrine door is neatly carved with a running flower pattern on the jambs, human figures below at each side, and three bands of small ones on the architrave, outside the jams. Gaeapati is carved on the lintel, indicating a H' aiva shrine, and the frieze above is divided into seven compartments by colonnettes; the central one is occupied by a sitting figure, and the others by standing ones.

The roof is domed on eight pillars-the central pair on each face of the square, and has been neatly carved, as have also the roofs of the porch and shrine.

Outside, round the vimana or shrine, are carved a number of mythological figures ;-one of them on the back, or west end, is a three-faced figure or trimurti, -possibly intended for Brahma. In all the receding compartments are figures of a curious nondescript animal, a sort of griffon-gra.~¢a-which again occurs in a much less prominent form at Gumli, but figures in Indian sculpture from the aze of the Bauddha caves rlownwards: perhaps it is intended for a sinha, but som~. t.imes it is carved with a long snout like a tapir's, or an elephant's trunk, and sometimes with very long horns like an antelope's. Here it is repeated again and again as a principal figure, assailed by men with bows, spears, &c.

SO~lgaq.h.-The old temple of the sun has been pulled down, and a modern

shrine raised on the site. .

..

24th December. J UXAGADH.-The antiquities of J unagah are too numerous to describe in detail without plans and photographs, which cannot be given here.

Jt'NAGADH ROCK PALACE.

7

I shall not, therefore, attempt to giveany account of the Jaina temples on Mount Girnar, but confine these notes almost entirely to the Bauddha and other remains apparently of about the same age.

In the jungle within the north wall of J unagadh, at Mal-Ga4echi, under an old Hindu temple converted into a mosque, is a cave 26 feet 8 inches wide by 13 feet deep: the roof supported by two octagonal columns 9 feet 101 inches high, with sculptured capitals, - -the sculpture, however, defaced and plastered over by its Muhammadan appropriators. The two Equare pillars which divide the front of the cave, have had s·iiiha brackets on the outer face, and are 7 feet 10 inches high. At the west end is a small cell 8 feet 11 inches by 6 feet 2 inches.

It is by no means clear that this was a monastic abode: it seems quite as likely th~t it was a sort of garden retreat with a bath in front, similar. to the one to be afterwards described on the Upsrkot, and connected with the palace at Kapra KodiA. In the sunk area or court in front now stands the small cell or shrine of a ptr or "ulid, about whom the attendant and others tell stories of the most grovelling and silly ignorance, of marvels that a child might well refuse to listen to, as equally absurd as they are purposeless.

To the west of this is the rock of Kapra. Kodia, now rapidly disappearing before the Nawab's quarrymen,-but in which is still to be seen a portion of an ancient rock-hewn dwelling, originally of great extent, and still locally known as Kheugar'a Mehal or palace. What still remains of it extends fully 250 feet in length, through the rock, and has a width at one part of about 80 feet; but as the rock has been quarried entirely away, up to these limits, on three sides, it is impossible to tell what was its original extent or plan. "It was too old," said a man I spoke to, "to be of any use, and so the Darbar gave it up to be quarried." This, I believe, represents the genuine local view on the point. Would that we had had a plan and a few descriptive notes of its original extent and details before the quarrymen touched it !

Beginning at the west end, we find on the top of the rock two stairs descending, the one from the south and the other from the north; by the former of these we enter the south side of a hall about 38 feet 8 inches square, with four heavy pillars in the floor enclosing an area about 15 feet square, which is open to the air above. In the south-west corner the wall has been broken through from the quarry. On the west side is a small unfinished recess; and at the 'north-west corner is a somewhat larger one with two pillars in front, and open into the quarry on its west side. At the south-east corner a door leads to the foot of the other stair already mentioned, and opposite to it is a door entering a much larger hall, 61 feet by 60, with sixteen pillars on the floor (one of them destroyed) arranged in fours round four areas, each about 15 feet square and open above, leaving between them two aisles crossing at right angles in the centre. All the pillars are quite devoid of carving, and have a re-entrant angle at the corner of the open square. 'I'hey are not exactly of the same dimensions, nor perfectly symmetrically arranged, nor are the sides of the rooms quite straight. Round the

• A ground plan and drawing of one of the colomus made,

8

ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

walls has been a bench. On the north wall is the Inscription No.5. The wall is rough and full of small holes, so that the points are read doubtfully .

..Kti. of.

cA,,_hj(l"Ve-LrLfb YJr· uj)J.. (Yt:"'

~_,o)JL)/~;~/t0'~

On the east side, near the north end, a door leads into what must have been a spacious apartment. The back or north corridor is III feet in length by 101 feet wide, and has returned along the east and west sides. The west side is entirely ruined by the quarry, but on the east it extends about 90 feet, by 8 feet 10 inches wide inside the pillars. In front of this has been a passage about 9 feet wide and open above, and within this again a second covered corridor about 10 feet wide, including the columns: on the east side, however, there is a wall affording support to a stair ascending from the open passage to the roof or top of the rock. Within this the whole is quarried away.- Under the centre of this apartment there is a passage, but whether for sewage or as a secret entrance, can scarcely be determined: it is quite choked up with earth and rubbish.

Leaving this by a door on the north side, we enter a hall extending east and west, 67 feet 4 inches by about 16 feet 10 inches wide, which has recently been used to burn lime in. Two pillars still support the roof, but others have been destroyed, as has the whole of the front up to, and under which the quarry has recently been extended. At each end is a chamber measuring 17 feet by 8 feet 9 inches with two pillars in front-one gone in each case.

At the north-east corner of this a fragment of an apartment is left, showing that, in this direction at least, the excavations extended further. And just behind this, is the side of a shaft which descended from the top of the rock into the subterranean passage already mentioned. The rest has been recently quarried away.

Returning into the long corridor we find another door, further east, which, by a short passage running to the north-east, leads into a long deep passage running E. S. E. about 30 yards, till stopped by a wall: in the other direction it passes a recess 11 feet 4 inches by 9 feet 9 inches, and is then lost in the quarry. This passage is open up to the top of the rock, and, in parts at least, is much filled up with rubbish.

On the back wall of the recess just mentioned is the Inscription No.1, cut in very large characters.

There are many scribblings on the pillars and walls of the other apartments, but the stone is so rough and worn that without a thorough knowledge of the alphabet or alphabets (for there are more than one) it would be almost impossible to transcribe a single specimen with perfect accuracy. Nos. 2, 3, and 4 may be taken 8S specimens. But, so far as my memory serves me, there wereinscriptions, only six years ago, in the old Pali character: Colonel Tod also distinctly states SQ. But now they have entirely disappeared, with the chambers in which they

• Ground plan of the whole, and two photographs taken.

THE UPARKOT.

9

were: the forms of the letters alone would have helped us to assign an age to these works; but, unless copies are to be found among Dr. Bhau DA.ji's papers, there is probably no record left of these inscriptions. Let us hope there are, and that they will be given to the world in time to be of some use!

Returning again to the large corridor, and leaving it by a door in the east side, we enter the last apartment, more irregular in shape than any of the rest, and consisting of two open areas divided by a covered passage, and having a covered corridor round the east and south sides, and at the north end a room 'i feet 5 inches deep by 17 feet long, with two pillars in front. The two areas with the covered passage measure together about 62 feet by 17.

Opposite to the entrance door another leads out "to the foot of a stair, which ~cends to the north, turning round to the east and landing within a few feet of the end of the deep open passage referred to, and over the brink of the quarry on this side.

A little tothe south of this are a few small detached rooms, quite choked up.

The roofs over these ohambers are 10, 12 or more feet in thickness; and along the edges of the open areas are fragments of pillars and indications of sockets, &c., showing that, while excavated to give air and light, these areas were protected by roofs to keep out the glare. of the noon-day summer sun and the rains of the monsoon. There are some traces also of what I take to have been channels to carry off the water. The indications, however, do not tend to show that any considerable portion of the strncture was above the rock, from which to infer that these retreats were only the substructures of a palace intended for coolness during the heat of the day. A carefully surveyed plan and two photographs have been taken to illustrate this monument.

. .

Besides the MA.i-Ga«l.echi excavations there are other fragments left, well to the south of these last, and just under the scarp of the Uparkot and also at Naudurga. These also have quite recently suffered from the quarrymen; but no doubt many others were quarried away in the time of Mahmud Begadha (A.D. 1470-1482) when he built the present city and renamed it MUSTA/FA/BAD.

The UPARKOT, or fort of Junagadh, is probably a. rich mine of antiquities. It seems to have been the citadel of the old city,· where the lieutenants of tho great As'oke and still later, of the Gupta kings, lived. Of the rise of the Chu'J_a.sarnA. kings of JunA.~h we as yet know nothing. They held their court here though they seem to have also lived occasionally at Wamanasthali-the moder~ Wanthali or Banthali, where ruled WamanrA.ja, and later the GrA.haripu, t defeate d and slain by Mularaja. of PaUan in the end of the tenth century (cir. A.D. 979).

• Lassen supposes that Junagac}.h is originally Yavanagara "the Grecian cit,." Mirza Muhammad S8dik Isfahani, however, is quite correct when he says in his Tahklk al I rab,-" J6nshgadh

(spelt with the Indian D), a fortress. Gujarat (~,~) in India; it is also called Kamal (JU .f): the name Junagadeh (I~ cU.Y!'") signifies' an ancient castle.' " Jirankot has a similar meaning.

t Griharipu is only a title or a. nickname; he is described 118 an Ahir-a title which wouldappJy to :Naughan V., the foster son of Devat the Ahir.

B 68G-c

10

ARCH..i:OLOGICAL SURVEY.

A local history, written in Persian, of which I hope to print a translation before very long, states that the ChUtJ!samA kings, a Chandravansa family, ruled at JunAga4h for 2,350 years; but it begins the list with Dayat RAja in the ninth century. I give the list of his successors and the dates of their accession (with only some obvious corrections) for what it is worth; I have no means of testing it here :-

"

Dayat Raja defeated and slain by the king of AnhillawA4!.

874, Naughan V., his son, conquers Sindh, defeating Hamir Sumarah,

s.895.

916, Khengar II., killed at Bagasara by the AnhillawM! R!ja.· 952, Mularil.ja.

987, Naughan VI. reigned 38 years.

Sam.

"

"



" 1047, Mandalik I. joined Bhima Deva of Gujarat in pursuit of Mahmud

of Gasni, S. 1078.

" 1095, Hamir Deva, son of Mandalik. " 11 08, Vijayap!la.

" 1164, Naugban VII. " 1184, Mandalik II.

" 1195, Alansingha. " 1209, Ga),lesa.

" 1218, Khengar III. } or 1218 Naughan VIIL, son of Naugban VII.

" 1224, N aughan VIII. 1224 Khengar III.

" 1270, Mandalik III., son of Khengsr III.

" 1302, Mahipala Deva.

" 1336, Khengsr IV. repaired the temple of Somanath, conquered Diu,

&c. Shams Khan took J unA.ga«J.h.

" 1390, Jayadeva Singh I., son of Khenglr IV. " 1402, Mugatsinght or Makala Sinha.

" 1416, Madhupat. t

" 1421, Mandalik IV. (son of Mahipala Deva.) " 1429, Megal, brother of MandA.Uk IV.

" 1441, Jayasingh 11., apparently" the Ray of Jehrend" of Ferishtah (Briggs's Trans. Vol. IV., pp. 5, 6), defeated by Muzaffar Khan of Gujarat in A.D. 1411.

" 1469 (?) Khengar V., war with Ahmed Shah (Ferishtah, ut 8Up. pp. 17, 20.)

" 1489, Mandalik V. restored the Uparkoj A.D. 1450; subdued by Muhammad Begadha A.D. 1469-70 (Ferishtah u. B. pp. 52-56).



Tributary to the Gujarat kings :-

A. D. 1471, Bh!pat, cousin of MandaIik V. " 1503, Khengar VI., son of Bhapat,

-There seems to be an anachronism here. Khengar, the Bon of Naughan, was killed by SiddheTaja Jayasiiiha (1093-1142 A.D.) :-R4B M4ld, Vol. 1., p. 156.

t In place of these two kings the inscription on Girnar gives the names of M;ak;ala Siiih. Me-

lagadeva, aXld.l{ahi~ U.n, l'088iblyllandalik's b:\'Otber preceded him. '

EXCAVATIONS IN THB UPARKOT.

11

A. D 1525, Naughan IX., Bon of Khengar VI.

" 1550, Sri Singha; Gujarat subdued by Akb~. " 1585, Khengar VII. till about 1608.

Then follows a list of governors or Motassadis on the part of the Dehli emperors-about 30 of them in 106 years-who, the author says, " spent their time dishonourably like owls in a wilderness and did nothing worthy of record."

Were the Mirat .Ahmadi translated, as it ought to be, it would probably furnish many details of the history of Kathiawad from the beginning of the 15th century.

The Uparkot still contains some wells such as the Adi Chalf_i and Naughan wa.vs, cut to a great depth in the soft rock. The Adi-Cha4i wav is descended by a long flight of steps, and has also a shaft just over the well. The sides of the descent show the most remarkable overlappings and changes of lie in the stratafor which alone it is worth a visit by anyone with geological tastes.

The Naughan wa.v has a rock-cut passage, at least 10 feet wide, winding round its ample square area. down to the bottom-perhaps 120 feet, with apertures into the shaft. On one side is a balcony, where tradition says the kusumbs draught was brewed in a built cistern, still shown, when the court came down to hold a drinking bout. This-like the jstory of the celestial horse that fell into the wA.v and only extricated himself at the instigation of a faqir-is probably without a shadow of foundation.

About the time I visited JuuA.gacJh in 1869, some rock-cut apartments were discovered at the bottom of a descent on the north of the Juma'ah Masjid. They are of considerable interest, for, though much defaced, they manifest a high style of art. Few bases, for example, could be found anywhere to excel in beauty of design and richness of carving those of the six pillars in the lower baIl.-

Quite close to these excavations on the S.S.W. side the ground sounds hollow, and there is a line of wall cropping up, exactly similar to those round the tops of the two openings which led to the discovery of those excavated.

The whole enclosure of the U parkoe is now covered with custard-apple trees, which are said to yield a rent of Rs. 1,000 a year; but the debris on which they grow, and which is scattered unevenly in heaps, is suggestive of masses of buildings of which these heaps cover the remains, and possibly of rock chambers below, with much sculpture.

The excavations consist of a deep tank or bath about 11 feet square with a covered verandah round three sides of it: that on the west is occupied with a built seat-like the asana for an idol,-probably for laying the garments upon while bathing; and the pipes for the water come down the wall from the surface, pass the front of this seat, and enter a small cistern near the entrance at the south-west corner. The water must have been raised from some well in the neighbourhood and conveyed to the supply pipe. The small cistern may have been formed to assist in filtering the water pure into the bath.

Carefully drawn to aca.le, and restored from a comparison of the six.

12

ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

The corridor on the south side is supported by two columns with spiral ridges

- round them, making half a revolution in 4 feet 2 inches of height. They have octagonal plinth bases and capitals with floral ornamentations-the capitals probably carved with animal figures; The shafts of two corresponding attached pillars on the north wall are divided into three sections each, having the grooves or ridges running in opposite spirals.

Over the bath the roof is open, and round the opening a wall has been built and still stands a foot or so above the ground level.

In the north wall is a large aperture or window into the next chamber.

This apartment is entered from a door in the north-east corner of the bathroom leading to another in the south-east of this second room, which is a large chamber with six columns supporting the roof: the area between the first four of these is, like that over the bath, open to the air above, with a surrounding wall on the surface of the rock. It is also open to a hall below; and the four columns at the corners of it have been connected by a thin screen or parapet wall, about 20 inches high and 6 inches thick, now entirely destroyed. The rest of the area is occnpied by the corridor on three sides, and by the space on the north where the remaining two pillars stand. In the walls on the north, east, and west sides are stone-bench recesses divided into long compartments, with a base in architectural mouldings below, and a frieze above, ornamented with chaitya window and chequer carvings. Tbe four pillars round the open area are square, the other two are octagons, and have been carved with animal figures on the abaci: but the bases and capitals of all six: have been so destroyed that it is impossible to restore them.

In the north-east corner a door leads into a small apartment, which bas a hole in the roof blackened with smoke, and which may have been used as an occasional cookroom to prepare ~arm drinks, &c., for those who had been enjoying the bath. By the side of this apartment a door leads to a stair descending to the entrance of the hall below.

This lower room had evidently been filled up long before the one above it, and is consequently in a better state of preservation. It has been elaborately and very tastefully carved, as will be shown by the photograph. On entering it, we come on a platform slightly raised and nearly square with two short pillars on its west side, supporting a frame above descending from the roof. 'Vhat this was meant for, is hard to say, unless the depression within was intended to be filled with cotton or other soft .substance to form a dais or a bed.

Except on the west side, the remainder of the walls is surrounded by a bench recess+ divided at regular intervals, as in the apartment above. Over this recess the frieze is ornamented with chaitya windows having the Buddhist rail in the lower part of the opening, and two figures looking out of each: t in many cases two females with something like' ears' on their head-dresses-too indistinct to be distinguished what they represent.

• Ground pla.ns and section. t Sketches made.

THE UPARKOT.

13

The four columns in the south end of this hall are larger than the two in front of the supposed dais or bed, but the bases of all are alike, and the bodies of the capitals are similar. The rich bases have been already alluded to, and the sketch, when published, will give a better idea of them than any description could.

The abaci are carved with lions couchant at the corners: and in the middle of each is a figure intended for a lion facing outwards, with a human figure on each side of it. The body of the capital consists of eight divisions round, indicated by the breaks in the ledge at the bottom, on which the human figures of the different groups stand. Most of the figures, if not all, are females, apparently nude, or nearly so, and Rome standing under foliage. They have been cut with considerable spirit, and in high-almost entire-relief. Unfortunately many of them have been seriously damaged. * In the two smaller columns the principal member below the body of the capital is carved with the heads of animalsmostly goats or rams: on the larger columns the corresponding member is not so deep, but is a serrated torus.

At the back or west side of this hall are two small rooms; that on the south with :;I, single door, the other with three entrances between jambs slightly advanced, and with a projecting frieze.

On the south wall are some scratchings, at first supposed to be an inscrip. tion : they are quite illegible, but were probably very much like those in Khengar's Mehal, and probably the work of some visitor after the place had become neglected.

On the north side of this is an irregular excavation, in a corner of which there seems to be a shaft of a well choked up : but the whole excavation here is more like the work of 1flahmud Begadha's quaITymen than any portion of the original work, though it is quite probable that another chamber has been quarried away.

These rooms could have been no part of a monastic establishment, and the example of the old Mehal just to the north of this, suggests that they may have been either a sort of garden house belonging to the palace, or possibly the bath and pleasure house of another palace now interred under the debris that covers

the whole U parko~. .

Nearly opposite the Masjid is a large brass gun 16 feet 11 inches long 2 feet diameter at the breach, and about 19 inches at the muzzle, with a 9-inch bore. From the muzzle to the touch-hole is 16 feet 3 inches. Over the mouth, and on the middle of the barrel, are two inscriptions. t With another about 131 feet long, now on one of the bastions, it was cast in Egypt in A. H. 937, and brought here from Diu.

The masjid is a very large structure, but outside it looks clumsy and ugly to a degree, with horse-shoe kangras all round the walls and four plain solid tapering granite pillars at the corners. The inside is much better,-the columns

• One of the larger and one of the smaller eapitals were drawn. t Copied.

B 686-d

14

ARCHEOLOGICA.L SURVEY.

being slender and lofty, with demi columns above" The masjid was begun by Muhummad Begada, but was probably never finished. The columns of the three principal octagonal areas are of granite, with truncated conical bases and thick toruses dividing the shaft into three equal portions, with a Ifl-inch bracket capital. t These four columns in each area rise above the roof, and on those of the south octagon lie wooden beams as if for a temporary roof. The columns in the other areas were perhaps never all set up.

The rnimbar or pulpit is high, supported on arches with eleven steps up to the platform. The mehrabs are of white marble and exquisitely carved,~ but have lately been besmeared with whitewash.

The inner gate of the fort is a genuine fragment of the old Rajput citadel,§ but it would be difficult to say precisely of what age : it is probably older than the time of Mandalika V., who repaired the fort in A.D. 14:)0, and it does not seem older than A.D. 1200,-to about which date it may be assigned.

On the ramparts above is an inscription of Mandalika V., dated Samvat 1507, but much defaced by the Musalmans.,

We come now to the Buddhist monasteries, which at one time must have been very numerous. Hiwan Thsang, the Chinese pilgrim of the seventh century, makes the following notes of his visit in his journal :-" Leaving the kingdom of Valabhi Hiwan Thsang went about 500 li (100 miles) to the west, and reached the kingdon of Su-la-io (Surashtra). This realm is nearly 4,000 li (800 miles) in circuit. The capital has a circumference of 30 z.i (6 miles) ; and upon the west side (the countr!l) touches the river Mo-hi (Mabi). Its inhabitants are very numerous, and all the families are wealthy. The country is subject to the kingdom of Valabhi, The soil is impregnated with salt; and its flowers and fruits are few. Though heat and cold are equally distributed over the year, storms of wind never cease. Indifference and coldness characterise the manners; the people are superficial, and do not care to cultivate learning. Some follow the true doctrine, and others are given to heresy. There are some fifty convents where they count about three thousand recluses-who study the doctrines of the Slluuiirn. sect which holds by the (.11J.ahdydna) greater translation. There are a hundred temples (DelJalayas) of the gods; the heretics of different sects live intermixed. As the country is on the way to the Western Sea, all the inhabitants profit by the advantages the sea affords, and devote themselves to trade and barter.

"At a short distance from the city rises Mount Ujjauta.] upon the top of which a monastery is established. The chambers and galleries have been mostly hollowed out in the face of a scarped peak. The mountain is covered with thick forests, and streams from springs surround it on all sides. There holy men and sages walk and fix their abode, and thither resort crowds ·of Rishis endowed with divine faculties."

Of the Buddhist convents he speaks of, there are still remains, though four hundred years of Musalman dominion and strife have obliterated every trace of many of them. In the east of Junagal}.h, between the inhabited part and the

• Plan taken.

t One photographed.

,. Imperfect copy taken.

t Measured and sketched. § Photographed.

II Mount Girnar.

THE BAUDDHA CAvES AT JUNAGADH.

15

walls, beside the modern monastery or Ma~h known as BA.wA PyAri.'s, are a number of genuine Buddhist caves. A quarry has been opened beb.ind them, and if it has not cut away some of them entirely, it has already been wrought up so close as to go under and into those on the north-west and into one on the east of the series.

These Moves are arranged in three lines ~ the first, on the north, faces southwards, and consists of one larger cave at the west end, about 28 feet hy 16, having two pillars (perhaps originally three in line) supporting the roof, with three cells at the back and a chamber at the west end screened off by two plain square pillars and their corresponding pilasters. East of this are three smaller caves,· each consisting of a verandah with two square pillars and a cell about lli feet by 9} feet.

The second line runs south from the east end of these last. It has an open court about 18 yards long, on the west side of which is the principal cave of the group, apparently a. very primitive chaitya, flat-roofed, originally with four pillars supporting it, but they are all gone. The back has a nearly semicircular apse; and the cave measures 20 feet wide, by fully 26 feet deep, with, a door nearly 5 feet wide. It is much filled up with earth, which the DarMr began to clean out, but did not complete so far as to show whether there had been a solid Dahgoba inside or. not: I suspect, if there was such an object in it, it must have been structural.

In front of this apartment is a verandah 39 feet long by 7 feet 10 inches deep, from which two eells are entered one on each side the principal hall, and measuring about 71 feet by 9t feet deep. The verandah has six square pillars, which have had sinha brackets to the roof projecting about 4 feet 2 inches, the faeade of which is carved with very rude chaitya window ornamenta.j At each end of the verandah also is carved in low relief on the wall a winged siw.

At the north end of the court and at a higher level, approached by steps, is a cave with verandah 6 feet 10 inches by 19 feet 7 inches, .with a door and two windows, at the back of which are two cells about 9 feet 8 inches square. Into the back of these cells the quarry has already entered.

On the east side of the court are other cells, entirely cb.oked up on my arrival, but which the Darbar obligingly cleaned out partially. Two of them consist of a small verandah with a. cell at the back: ~ the third was not excavated.

In front of these last cells, which enter from the level of the court, was found, during the excavation, a square stone slab about 2 feet each way and 8 inches thick, with an inscription on one edge of it, in characters closely resembling those of the Rudra Dama inscription. Unfortunately the stone is. soft calcareous sandstone, and many of the letters are indistinct; the workmen damaged one edge of it, but, to add to the misfortune, some one carried it off to the Darbar, and in doing so seriously damaged it at one corner. When I went to photograph it, I had a difficulty in tracing it; at length, however, it was found lying in a verandah in the Circle in front of the palace.§

• This group was photographed.

t The front of this cave and of the uext was photographed.

t A careful survey of the group waa made, showing the relative position and size of each cave

in the whole group. .

§ A photograph ta.ken .•

16

AROHEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

The base of a. square pillar was also feund in the court, but it was not fully excavated.

Outside this court, to the south, is a cave with a small sunk court in front.

The cave consists of a verandah and two cells each about 9 feet 8 inches square. On the doors is some roughly excavated carving, and over one of them is the s 'Wast-ika and other Bauddha symbols.·

Next to this is another with a bench round the small outer court. The door has a sort of arch traced over it, t and the cell inside, though partially filled up with earth, is considerably lower, in the floor than outside. It is about 14 feet

deep, by 11 feet wide in front, and 13 feet 4 inches at the back. '

The third line of caves begins at the back of this and runs W.N. W. The first consists of a small verandah with a door and two, windows, and inside a cell 9 feet 3 inches by 9 feet 9 inches. The second has a verandah 19 feet long, by 5 feet 9 inches wide, and a hall 15 feet 5 inches by 17 feet 3 inches, with a single octagon pillar in the centre,t supporting the roof. The base of it is too much damaged to allow us to determine its shape, but the capital consisted of an abacus of three thin members, with the inverted water-jar form under it as in the oldest caves at Nasik and Junnar.

The remaining three caves are quite plain, consisting of a verandah with door and two windows separated by square pillars, and two· cells each inside, except the middle one, which has only one cell.

The rock in which these caves are cut, slopes down considerably to the south, so that the roofs of the last line are considerably beneath the floors of the first.

South-west by south from these, in a portion of rock left in the middle of a quarry, is a cave with two pillars in the front of the verandah: in plan these

pillars are broken squares 0 -so permanent in all Hindu works; and the capitals have drooping ears.§

Between the Uparkot and Mat Gadeeb! is the Barah Sayyid or tombs of the twelve Sayyids who fen in the attack on Mandalik, one of the last of the Chuq,ft.sama princes-in the time of Mahmud Begadha,

Beside them is the Yuqbarah or mausoleum of the late Yaiji Sahiba, the mother of the present N awsb, who died rather suddenly about three years ago. The Muq barah was built some 17 or 1 E years since under the direction of a Hindu SaIat from Nauanagar; and, notwithstanding the top-heavy ornaments of the roof, it is one of the finest buildings erected in Ka~hiawM. during the present century. Since I saw it six years ago, however, it has received a coat of white chunam, which has seriously diminished its beauty.,

• Sketched. t ~ketched.

~ Sketched, § Sketched.

I[ Ground plan and photographs will illustrate this.

AS'OK.~ ROCK INSCRIPTION.

17

Some of the MuqbA.rahs of late NawA.bs, not far from the ~fajuri gate, are similar in style; but they are too much huddled together, and so inappropriately situated thq,t they do not attract attention.

The AS'OKA. Boos INSCRIPTION was too important and interesting a monument to pass by, the more especially as Professor Weber has lately in -the Centralblatt called attention to it in his Review of Professor Kern's remarkable work, Over de .Jaartelling der Zuidelijke Buddhisten en de Gedenkstukken van A.(:oka de·n Buddhist, complaining that Government has not ere this secured for the use of science the most perfect copies attainable of this and the other monuments of the same age in different parts of India. The blame, however, is not altogether due to Government, which has made efforts to obtain satisfactory copies of these oldest of Indian lithic monuments, but never yet with complete success.

The earliest mention of thitJ inscription by a European is by Colonel Tod, who saw it in 1822, and remarked the similarity of the characters upon it to those on the Dehli Lal and the Buddhist caves; but his Tracels in We.~tern India were not published till 1839, and .it was the Rev. Dr. J. Wilson of Bombay who first obtained a transcript of it, a copy of which he forwarded to Mr. James Prinsep of Calcutta early in 1Sa7. And by a fortunate coincidence Lieut. Kittoe discovered the inscription at Dhauli in Katak which proved to be nearly identical with this at J uml.gaq.h, but with the omission of the last three paragraphs. Others, as is well known, have since been discovered at Kapurdigiri on the borders of Kabul, at Ganjam in the Madras Sarkars, &c. And from their differences as well as similarities it is exceedingly desirable that perfect copies of all should be submitted to samn!l for examination and comparison. Captain Postans was sent by the Government of India to coPy this inscription; what ' became of his copies I do not know .. Professor Westergaard of Copen hagen and Captain (now General Sir G.) LeGrand Jacob in 184:3 made a very careful eye copy, which was used by Professor H. H. \Vilson in his revision of Prinsep's translation; but there were still doubtful letters, though none of the other inscriptions have hitherto been so satisfactorily copied. These remaining doubts

I hope my estampages will settle. The name of Antigonos is still thus far doubtful,-Ant. kona is plain enough, bnt whether it Wa.R originally .Ali.takona., or whether there was a vowel sign attached to the head of the ta, must remain uncertain: there is a small chip out of the stone, and the letter might have been originally ti or even td, but no other form is possible.

The fourteen edicts into which the inscription is divided, cover considerably over 100 square feet of rock, and as they are inscribed on the uneven surface of a huge rounded and somewhat conical granite boulder, the taking of facsimiles was a work of considerable time and difficulty; and as I· had no trained hand, I had to do it myself with the aid of my assistant, who, however, soon became quite expert in the manipulatory process. We wrought steadily from 8 to ~) hours a day at it, and after the first trials, which were disappointing, owing to some of the paper containing size or other adhesive substance, I tried using a thicker and firmer paper brought from Ahmedabad for the first layer, and the shinuer, softer, paper from Junnar for the second, and, as far as my stock of it would allow, for a third layer. This wrought very well. Unfortunately the paper ordered by me at the India Office had not come to hand at

J' 686-11

18

ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

Bomhay, and I could not get a further supply similar to the Junnar sort at Junagarh. This prevented my taking some of the edicts in duplicate, and for some I could only use two layers of paper.

The Rudra Dama inscription had also to be done with only two layers, and I had not sufficient left for the Skanda Gupta inscription; for the latter I had to use a paper not very suitable for such work, and the inscription being in small characters, and so very indistinct, the impression was unsatisfactory; and having left it on the stone to dry, as I had done several of the As/oka edicts previously, when 1 went to take it off I found it had' been carried away. An excellent copy of As',)ka ninth edict was also stolen: by whom I could not guess. The Hkanda Gupta inscription covers about 55 feet of rough surface on the rock, awl could only be taken in good' estampages' by doing it in small sections at a. time, with the most suitable paper for such a purpose, and afterwards piecing them together.

10th .Janna?"!! 1875.-Visited Giroir. At 1,750 feet above JunagatJh, and Rome way above where the steps begin-e-on the rock, on the left hand going up is the inscription (No.6) :-

~ffi1 sit ~ \ (<'~ eN \ cnrfflcn <f~ ( \Wrr~ ~ <ft~

iff i~r tffil;fl- '«JCfrl5it tlcffir~tfr~:a;(t

~~ ~itCJiU~I-

This records the building or repair of the steps by a Sanvgi in A.D. 1626. But 250 feet above this is another inscription (No.7) on a rough surface of the rock; it L'i:-

{{o \,', saJtr-il'i It'5l1dt ~~~lfbl~I\t(hiiS~ ~~q~in[ ctiT?]ftar II

'l'here aro also others more or less illegible at different places on the way up, such a:j No. ~:-





GIRNJ.. IN8omPTIONl •

19

No.9.

({ \~~~

~o ~uoftlT~~ ~rcnrrm



No. IO.-At another place. ~ \ ~~~ JSft 'S4"I4f'~.'dt lllftS5fRlfb"'Ud" "" ~an<rr~~~r

At the entrance gate to the J aina temples is a long inscription of Mandalika, which was first copied by Captain (now Sir Geo.) LeGrand Jacob: the following is a fresh copy;-

No. It.-On the Gate at Girnar.

II Jf~: ~i611", ... «m~~qqn:d,m~llflf: II ~ift~olfraQt-"

11 <tlq~It1'(j('t1f(~l II \ II q'l:.<tii(t:~:· (Rt1'1\~q~~ar1ft'\q4lld"q{jm~i{"d1 'ifI£l~~drqraWr J! ~1~fclflfq~1qijt"( U '1(\qq03{~~"'" Atl{.i{1iClf1f~ter ft'l'tir~"("'1d(,4lI{t ~'Olctd,q1 '!,¥ffffi't~

II ~~~A4Ij(ui'lc'idqJlrrti"l6f'fiiqftfT«Rrql'fi\ldM'IIcf\a'~1rari ~~~~ff~

~"'9'iJafJ%~ 01 id1f.t~ II

II 4fT{rs5ttiiACftiin~' II • II ~~ W4Cfi4ifi(oftiilfllif~ II

~

to I

II 6f{m: ~ II ~ ,,~ II .,r""ffl~q""dttoflCfi''''~(~: II ~lI'Affrz~l'drci4

<t61~(ij~:11 ~~~: ~

n {TeT I uitri.,q"t'l1'l(rat..dJiii"'I~q: II ( II "r'fI"~I{"c4qoidq<isftl~hr~

.-.. .... '0 -... ,-

~: ~~: II C{ai'r'l"d~

II ij~'ifqdiif'Ilf.r"ctq'~I;fl1 if'mh~~ .. rlidf: ~"'1(';fciti\,,~: II \9 II a-;r:q II (frft t\<{\,~fct~dd~lt .. ,,(citi{1'f:1I uq~'1f\" 't4fi'if'uiN

II ~i5fr~'{:11 ~f\r .. i"it'~d"ijJq~~,~·.,.ct"'fil~Ift~f.l""¥t"6"''''I''nlr~i:!rijJ::r."--(~V5lfif~ II ~ II ~~q, .. r"ifi, .. (qa("i£l .. ncii .. i(lijf{(I'if~ I

II ~~onlf"_~;jssn"r'''~iflra'''l:.11 ~~qitc"'''dq,: JSf}itcil4fi: ~ I qrijl(!l"_ "qSjdR1n:.~~4i(~~":1I ~ II ''''If.,~qmtd('if\!~

II ~,,"'taiM"',(~: II "'CN.,,~4'ifIi4ffiil..,q~"'61«tC!ifif.1tnR:r¥f: II '0 II ¥fil«it ¥fflqr~q: SSj«tflqr"f'Aq~a .. : ~«m

20

ABCII&OLOGICAL BOVBY.

II ~ II \¥tI((lc{I"tfil"¥t..,qc;;; II '5itspt,~\ft¥t"tlqql(f'i{'t'c:t II '~II "(.,.(.,,ilIRl· (jil1a&i'II('<"'iI~: aj'II(1i~~(")(I;rq(i5IR' II ~

II

(

II t~af""'~¥tOfl't~t4(f~wqall$d"Qc::q: II ,~ II ~9'~~ftf(: UJ~~1f(: qcqdl4¥tttiliQl{ re:\F1R:(fd\rit

II ~:II' ~ II dCl1~(i5jllct;ft~: ~l'df1,!"f{'ffl'{~: ~ x x q~ wq'i!'twi"ct'"l_ II \, II (f~lilq~l~q

II ~~cqdlql,ffi II ~rr6{C~~~(ftllT~:1 ~~~¥tf\q'\'5"t"1'tT1f ~roar~'tlqliS~

II ~: ~dT1R'tJc4(1"tq~: II ~ ( II (fCfvtl.Jffifttff<ti~mrr6<tiq~A'" : II ~q;q ~: ~~: cfili)«(t(qJf: II {CT:

II ~ol1ftf.f~rm'l.. ~~q<ftfq<frN"wQ"rl:!~ II ~\9 1I"'fr.1Elf: ~~i'"'f<trnt: Cfitln": ~lf.J~:

II ttftrr~flfd": ~~ro;:ft~l"('f: ~rr1r-n~~rr1nrff: I ~~ft:IPr~~~1itriTd1r: II ~~~r~Cfi: f~~mssfl(f·"(I~f~ : II ~(" II

II ~~~ffi~~~l: ~l: m~t1m~trtJ;rq-;r:{Rf: «f~~l'''tl: ~itt: ~l\RT%{or~~fttnrtlT~T"tT

II ~~i(r;r{q'~"':s~'l~~:11 \ E!. 1In:q-m-lofr«:~;rr{~tffl: IIjfflittFlTffi" II ~"f')'qi~rd'Jw~qi{~tatCfit W~:

t.'Q -6

II (t<1PJ:~iA"'tI~qlffi1'tid'!_~it(f~{tdT~ I ~4'i'tfiI~~SSTlf(fWf{q'ff"~i{ftl' 011 ~l'r.r~~a~{lTmt"'f~qro:tfttr~: ~~{Cfi1'

" S{!'f~q~q'tlit .. 'td: II (f~d .. q~'S1€tqlli{"5~~RI~Cfi,~tSOtiddi II ~,(q;g~~~

~ II ,~ II II rnt SIJf't(liI<1\, .. of;j

II lP ep..r~lo, .. cft;f Ii ~~~.Jm?l'tl't't4il:ff.;rN~~~~'inQt1( .. ir-

~ II cwftttidGlifiifil"'''tI1i.,ttl(flil~Cf'~ .

On a stone on the face of the hill, behind Vastupila TejapAla's temple, is the following, No. 12, which I believe to have been hitherto unnoticed :-

GIRNAR INSCRIPTIONS.

21

~qI8f.l\ii{um"tOl~r II aqio~R"'114(jw{l\ifrjCm'iffl

~~ \ ~ «« <fflarNrrm- \ <\ ffilt~~:a;ft~qT~a:rrtlr~~ q'~r?r~1ctiq~1 ~ tt'l J"{ICf: JJfI ~I~ if7:fICT~~ I fa "'11~ sot Itt I <i Ed 1 ~~ t<t1Utt,,~~~r~~~Q'r~f.t~ftn1t"'1I~ld: ssfiwitttTill(CI(lOtl ttl~Ed~r~~o ~tssthl~~~~!~~ia·~!1iitr~d": ssftarlT

q~ lOtlttl~: .,. ~'tI1 G("'1I~~(d <'I R;t"'1 .. lOtrttl~:qti!qA\ifitolivrCliI<4t:q~ "

Inside Vastupala's temple are two inscriptions of a single line each. The first (No. 13), on a lintel on the left side of the first dome in the central temple, is-·

and the other (No. 14) on the right side (Inscription)-

On an image in Vastupala's is the following :-

No. 15.

~Jlfm ~ .. ttlqlw'ltm ~j\;I5Cfla .. ~fft I 'I161'1ldf '51~~ ~')ti)"~~~ I

Over each of the six doors that originally opened into this curious temple are inscriptions beautifully cut in slate, but unfortunately where the rain has got access to them through the roofs of the porches they are much damaged, and in some places entirely obliterated.

No. 16.-VASTlJPALA TEJAPALA'S TEMPLE OVER WEST Doos,

~II~

- 'ffit-

~ 11\" ffi~P-1~'Itt· .. il.. \ ~ c« ",~CfiI!JUI ~rr't \ 0 ~~r.:~ B 686-j

22

ARCH..EOLOGICAL SURVEY.

II !!{ctlffiolnfltctIGlrct~H{fffOO ssfI~'SqlfJra; 00 ~'S"tf(:r~frnl 00 ~(:rrq<f~if 00 ~arr~;f1r~O ~JfR~~T~~Oo ~~~rnrto mqr~~'fqf{~~~ ~I~if: tfr~~j'f"'lfif'lJlT{TlfTctr sa;fi~ln~~Tt1f~t sit~~r~~

II ctHI'iI(m~o ~tf(ftW:« \9~ <N~~fff~1ij-~r;tJrqTU~trrlO<fTa-~ ij' \9 \9 ~Il-n . ~~~T~tr[ffiqinefT~~tflOTINr<fr~ ~r~mffl1rTffrr~{{mf~~if~l~441i~if~~q CfiI~M:nqRf'SlIT{TU'ilTT~ lI;fl~4'ffl~a<r~ I

II (f1f{rUj'f~cft{~tftffiqfA'q~{1 Jq (:rlpqifur ~trrn-lRrrc~lf~rqr(tf~4T~-

if(f'ila:{~~~ \9~ qfr~'ltU~Vi'S'~ct~a:lCfiq~(i"Flit,;~~oqf4T{r<:r;tJf1lO<f(fflfto ~ffij'f:

ql~"'f-.:j w~=i~~~~tfllT~'f~'~'~~ lSfr'1~~~l~~~ .

II {~ii~~~~fp:1~~tr~«J;ftftF.rr~fCff'.rr~fq<fir~ .s~if<fCl~.n"'fr~tr~~~NRTo!I,fCfilTtffi:Ili;P~T(:r~~P,f{ ~~~"'mwiR'qYm llJt~~qlfllT Cfrq-r~ ~lf~r~8TqCfi{~~~<{{~"'fCfilUcnrr{ ~4T~JlT~(=rcq~

II {Tct<ff{ mJfl~cft{~<fq~«Hn~~Pfi~J:{1ucrar{~~{tCJafl7~~~ ~Cfir-.:j~'Ztr~~~~~r Cfi"'fT~,qq~'iffu~~ .. jRfir;;rq~r~<liCf'~~Cfi~Q;{'t1T~ ~ffiwr{Oo ~r6T lffit'il'ftr¥o ~~mrUl1~1r~~~~r;fr'iRJlT

II ~amq?q~m~'iI'~~rrt[T~6q~«JI~s:m-~marm'1rlfr~~~a:{"'f"'cn<t.ra"'fq<q(rM\rr~~i;:r'fq"'frq-~rN~Pf~Nij~Tq~~irn'qr~Tarlarrcq"'f~CiqJ«f6~~~Jft t7lfT:4'TrCf1G~ 0 ~fcnr;:~'S'~l>q'r:o 0 UUJ;~tmtliCfT~mr{ 0 sa;ft~~I~r;tJr:

. .

II ~Pt~lt~ifrTl('I..,.g~{Cfi:>;i'rq~01;fr~mmRrwt~ssrla:{rut~ft~a:rq{tl:ft ~f{Cti soit~~ftqH~Cfi{OTq1Jsmr1rl1tf~t!ft4Tffrg<fll;(t~~rmr~<fm1rn't~ U~Cf'rQ'JlTl:R<f:(:r~'S'tf:s>;fffi'ita+rr{ffi1..n<fCf'r{Ilm~ :Cfilmr: II ~ II

II tft1!.~~~Q;q~;f~\Y~rtlo!l,ffQ'T1t~il1r:11 ~Cfi:~mq-qffi4'q~j~Ufttr: II ~ II :>;i''k~q'(f~~:«~$T~'l._~ftr~~~rfil~~fT~~~~1 ffiqffi~j ~~: In!a~~rTt=rmTif~~;rii"I'') .. p:n:ifC{f;:r~1r: ~~r~:

II 'I"'f:II~II~ffi:l.lTCf't%;:rt~q~:q(H~q~lJfTihfqr~ffi;:mffifcfn~~(~1411qCfir~i~t"'frl"'f"'~ ct~o""~ufTfu:rrum:P>llct~ql~~rrpq1ffi'~~~c<nut~:;;ftuf~n II ~ II fi!rt<fr~r~ ~nm~qffi~~1tftl'~rf6f1J'Pqm II ~ :«4'(tf~"'fR~qr~~~

II ~frJ~~ II ~ II ~r~~R1~~~cqtCfiftffenrn~~fcl:qf(tr~~r;:p:rqt"'f'~~ Gr~st: lI{q~ II f.Fiqr<fi~~r~rrq~<fCf'J1fIm~fq-qTfqrU~6~~~~ r",Yq ~ =it <lief r II~ II 6S1..frff;j=f :qr~ :6Rrc! ~~~~~<fr II lr~Af4rCf'rR«rrlffUrit

II C{;fGrq II~II ~<fUf1f{ir~soitCfi(UI~<lOI~W I ir-;flcqq~'i"Cf'jCfi~qmf~~~: 11\911 ~nqr~"'f'~~;n{i<fO'lrqft<f fcf"'fT II ar~I"'Hct'~~~~cA'r~l:~cIT;,rr~: II C' II 1rrr~ ~aT~<fr (i"'f'qq<frCf'iftrqrq6r~~~ril._ II ~rr'"'lT'iI'~Cf'mt~(f(q~F'I~rq~rct' II~II

GIR~AR I~SCRIl'TIO~S.

23

II - - ~~Ufuo O:l s1r~ql\i~~<i~ II ~mft~f::>I<4illlW.ffi<i11i1;g4~"'f: II q~~r ~~\<J<I_~~:~: II \ II CfT{~1..~"'f"~~ftoT~1~r II ~r~ml:om~ttrWr(f: 11,11 ~mli1.ItI...l1~t;rrqr~{=lr~(l: II <i~rr<fl:RllT~tmr~:(CT(d~Iftw5"'f111~1I

No. 17.-VASTl:PAI.A TEJAP,\LA'S TElIPLE OYER A RACK DOOR.

II - - - - q: ~ - - - (lQ'~1.iit-~muf~r~1lI"cqnn

G~?f4}~Wli"~rtqtf II ~~tJlItf~~u~~rr~~~lf q~cf~q?j'JJ<i~i II~ II ~<iftCf~M:n'i{R1!_~ '<:"<"<f~lfir~urw~ \ 0 ~~?l'~~ II

II [~~] "lIqW~IGT~SJ'r(lOosaiJ'~~o~~\Sq~PTIi1oo -"'m~~oSSTl3T ~~~~o ~~qr~~~~~qO 0 sa;ft~fUrrJlrto 0 0 ~''i~~<flfr~~Ii1~'fiio ssrritiJ: q I 1151 ~1i1"'f 4t1lT{r~rCll'SST1<i~q~~r~~t 0 ssft~iwm~<i1

( ;;f~HfU«u~) ~rrqlff~'fill)f~~(r\9~ l~~rl"1IIql("qr'lt1<fI'd(1fd6\91,g q~ lI)f'j'~Sf Q)";rl{4"(ltflfrd"'iI&T;f~~rffl~<iTM~~f+itqr&~<iIf~{nT~~mN'q~~~ ~"'f"~~SJ<fir~~'ti'f 1 t'h: Jf&rumrw~p;t1~<iur

II (q(1I«Cft]d ) ~~:m~p;ft.f«'t{Cf~-aCfqlffi[m]q;;rrr~~~sSIl=:t"(~ IqR1q'iflq~"'f"'im'ir (lI"ll;ffcffi!qT~31~6 0 \9 ~ <i~tr<l~{~\S~tI" it-dj i\q ~ (q"'f"lT"t'flmOlfTtrTtl""lIl 'lUCfd I

~ '6"'-' 0... :J\Jl "-0"0

~o~~~:~~~1~~~~ctl'~

II ( ~~) ~H(f~·if~~(lrtl"1ii5dj<4iq~(q~pi{1f1~.(Ja:r=q(1'f~P:n~ ISCTTq;:.fi)fl"~ft5~~~f'-"lI"'fIMq~~1off.ijJU~rrm: II (l~{f~1rl\i~~<i~ql~"'f{~~Cfq R~~~~~T~~tct-dRm'im~~<.fi\SST1~~

II ( ~~{ffiff{ ) ~~~I~<?CI\1'~!!{ICff1I(lI)fl'i~rU~tCf"SJ~rr~d<4i~4t{ICldl(~ ~~~6fi1 ~'J.~Q~~3T'<ffCf"~rcn"'f"~SJ~kfm(cft!~~1r"'f"r~~~~a~~f~cnr ~'g~{lTr~~oTJf8:o 0 m(ir'f"~lI"r.tl1·f(f.ro 0 lI)frarrmU:if

II ( lJ.ffiT'toq ) '"fr~f<ur?fqSST'?rflr~3TrC1frq'{~li1ltlli1l~'if~~iRtij'fr--Cft1~~rrcn ~d"~ll,fraj~1 q~ 'f~1 dr~l%~il1fffi";rqffirrffifitij" ~Ar'iRp-T~CfTff1~qf.{lJT~:oo.Tr~

~(l~~rQrt3TTc~WffiP-T~rqr:q~CfrG~I~ 00 cnP{~~:oo ...

II ({~~~ ) ~o s~ihn~Cfim:~~~!tsstl"'flil4JI~qu~rnll)f'l'iu:~:rN1f1frrfulRl"~fffiW{~W3T~~~~~Rq~~,{~r~W~Wr1nfq~~

ftqfdrg(l~m~fctmatfpl<K{~<[ic?rq'iN;r<i6~\S 0-

Il ( q: lIfr«~ ) ct'P-Tf~"'f"~: CfiTftQ": II ~ II~: fcfir.t;~

m~~'iitfcn1l1~~d11Slii'l'COI~(qr~'-TQ1~r~~~1~~~lIl1f: ~~fct~Rr ~'fClj~ 1<4i~(f(t;.qll'jJ%~ffi;r(1-:pr~lrf II ~ II iff<f~~<i: r1i~'ifq~ :~?f

24 ARCH,f:OLOGICAL SURYET.

II - -( or )- - q~ra-cpnfuffCfi~~ II ~ II ~~{a~?:i):~c"41'Ulql~): II ~;m~"orq~JftIT:~r'iffiq;r~Rrurr II ~ II ~fq: ~~~f(H1.r>i1Cfi,r,rl'l~: ~itit~:m f~t4~~ff\ci~;rq{:Uf!r'it?Tr~ 11~:~~Cfi{:q{~6~aa->i11;rd~;;a~trfff~

II -lf~rr~ II~ " aw:rffiT:m4Cj"QfRfcnffi~rQ"r~~r"lifllat".H;r

~~r;Wrqrf{1.fMc1qi.Ttrp..fr~CJ~:ir>i1"ifr: ,'an~"l.~~Q"if1~~~N~~cwr~~"11Jlf RN~rffiCJ~~~~qr~:q{ " '\ ,,~q.s~<fr\~~wijq~~~~~tcr~d

II - -~~>i1"q~6Ri~~~.1ffiCJTCJ~~ftm:rrj "~II ~~~ 'irt'5d~q~I~~~~ff " ~~~UcI~Jf~muT4Turif~~ II \9 II '{a-~r6~\fJTt~ ~uort II mT~~~~l?TffiCJid""I~jf~d"¥: II an~ ,

II [ a:rr~~JffCfir<r~~if ] ~~ft~d"ilrsp.r(ll~: II ~ II {ftm~~qrPc1WrJf~qnt-

or " CJ~~~rr1iV1r;frcefiluTl~Rfit~q II ~ " ~ 0" ~i1ITCQ"lSfr

cn:~~4"~r~d"r~q " ~ " \ 0 ~ "

" lfT{f1ITt"Q"~q~l'i'to ~61~ifllql~q~.ojlifi'rt " ~ "

No. 18.-0111 VASTUPALA TEJAPALA'S TEMPLE.

,1lP"f"Jf:~ " 4"OT~~1r\CJ;:Jlir~{i\"'IffUr.iRUfT~or~Uf~atro~fRq~~~ : II 'l{qffiCfi{fP~:~ffiifn~~li[crr:~;~ft~fq'fQ"r~rq~s;lTCTrfuulT~:" ~ " ~f+CT " ~~qij'~fl.r~<:"<:"<Ncnr~or~~1~ o~~~If~ayft~~mroQ"4"r

II JC(IGI .... q4~Cf 00 ~T-<i;gql~Jf:if 00 ~~;g4(1r~f~ 00 ~~ a-o ~a:rror{n;;f~;r{Q" 00 W~IfT{~CJ~r~~~ 00 lSff~'fto W'frM~<f~~~~o so;fta-1i:qr~rn;sf;:~;frJf[T'fftlilSf1<R:rT~~c'fitq{ 0 ~~r~d I a eft ~remt~~6TQ"lfr~

II ~to m:jJI:fflrm:«\9~ .. ~fut~"f"d""'-1~rolfm{OQ"fTTcf~6T~~\9\9CJ~ ~l>i1"tIT~s;Q"~nr~ffiIfmr~1,1T=.nC6CJlr~p'{rf.t{.,~r'f~ifrN'~CJ4"6r;rmrftCT~m~cq;r~~~~CT~EfiT· ~~Cfi~r(f~qmr~{r:jJ~0l1T6r~~~Jfmn;~ciR~ ...

" ~~4'mrlffft~Q"61"'llfur~~r4"r~..a;r~m(lj~~tfT~;ro~~m\9\CJ~<l ~~~~~1~Jiiflq~"f"m-~~~ra"rqf\r-r_olfrrrcffiTIf~0 ~:~;r:q~~1JfqT~~ tr~i~t'fUffi~~~~ofJ~~~~~~1~~r~«cffi'r~

II ~~~~at .. q(1;j{i1~~I":tCS1ftr<fi1l7:ms~;rCJ~r"f"T{;rtr~~or~f\r-9JCfirmrr: II d"~6Rtif"'lpiTCJ~qr~~~qf~Jflfln:r~~~ilq;j6Jtfr~l<Td"rp;j)'~ij~~ ~ cw.hf if ifI~ (I 'ldT{~r:n~<t;rrm~6tt1"~n~p~Jfmf{~CJ .

I' ~fu1 (1 Rd Cfi~llT{fCffiRsm6{tcTd"1w~~<r~~~Q"f~"f"'{. ~a:r'ffi~m'CJ4"~~~~"t ~~~~<f~~~r~r:q~{lTr~~r;;SfftmTJf{ 00 ~~f~ 00 .aJtarr m{f;sf~f(dq~"1(lf~~fUlfrcQ"Sl..TrCJ~~a:r~jf~~~

GmNAB INSCRIPTIONS. .

25

II ~: ~id,q::ql4ittRUI'''ljJsfi=tI'il'1lq~''\3m4"lq'i&Oi1I~''1I~'i1S;SfI~imtlfjMd\100(l4lc!it ~~ifdfj(ldl~~~=tCfiCfi1a'1q(q{l{q{II':i1fI~f.tftr~~~l5f'jlr~ . ildfj(ldllau~~"la'i1ld'ltf 00 lSiTCfil""(;S~~: 00

II U~~~d I q I fj (~·hfJ\!Cfilqr:~~'1Ii1('I~4ilSt't«(\t~tI·dlztr~csqssffl(liia" tii(i\tcsq~~lui~(f(~ar~t!~_>sfInt'i1q~'1~qr'tlj)J (f~efl1~!I~~a~:~:lSftar!~fI"U

I ~Cfdl{Pt*iqfjqf.f''1qlijl~ :Cfirrta: II tn(1I~r'i"'1hIUlqulfqflr:qldl{i5~MCfi~ :CfiI"eR~: tlfdl ... {.rt~& .. ~h'5I~: q:jti'1q~~~«(1R1:t.tI~~~fff: ~~lqd'1"t'~{14\~q'f

to .~ • ~ ~ '0

~ssCt~Cfrr.:Eijj,",qrr:I~""tUr:::r6: II \ II tti4 ?!d .... Eijjq 1('5Cf f~'1I1V'( Sf 4'lq i1~ Cfi I"JfCilr.IT

II ~fNj){t(1ft I !ntfl4cu(qt II ;n~:~f~Hr:q qq fftf'.4 Q:~~'1::qtCf"'M"l~ i,,(fj~ (Olj%1r q{'1~fj~fP~"f\:r II ~ II ~'iI{i5et'1tilJl1Jl .. l('1I.'flq~Otdt!{ql~ .. cf)ufEdCfi"qp'!td~ttr II ~~~~!1~a'i1":~:~tt II ~ II ~:~CfT

II \~( .. ~;jNII'ta~:ill144i~i\ f(ll~(tI~'" II ~~i~qd'fCf'ldd .. ql(IEtr ftilT{~~it!l,,~qldl~~ II g II m<ft~ftI~'ISfqf"'d'ldl~?!Rf~r!:editfiC{~ :q{t~ftd":~~1'[CCfiT~: II attJ\4IRtf.:tCf:J~4i'f";m~

II lJ:f~tdCf"~~~ II <\ II {i5Q'ldl:1I

~4C{~Aifl(lql~~~§':lI .. fil'i1zt~rtt II ( II q"~{qiffT(1ffi1.rr~~'qCfiIl(lqtl ~ II f~f'Sll~ld'1qRql{i5qCf~m~~w

. II or "\9 II ~lc'fIN\it"d :6et 1.IiCf~qclitra!(q!lUCfi(~:sfl"f;iJCf<f~H~:.ailCfitd,"A:~: II ;mti:ct'1CfiHdCf~:CfiN_:tI:tjq~lssttCftt1lql(i5( .. {i} II < II ~ 4I1qiQ~~~~~~,"4i~""t¥tl:Jt\'d::qCfi~~41JjI~q

II ~ II ~:tItfUIT~ql,.J{lfiQ'4ti::qoqqf14dICfifitldqr~ffi?!rcr'1'1r,.;n"t«q~d7a II ~ II Cfi ~(Cf{i5q {i5i11d'1 CfiU ~UEj'11 ~:Cfi{"'trEr-rcnfl csq qt ::q ~ if1'tr-r~d~R~'1':l5?J "t~q'(i5Cfi reCfiI('54tf.f':CfiU~ II \ 0 II tlihraofiRl'f8itt~~et~,,~,,(CfIq'Cflira:

II >sft .. ~qgiS~tlCfiqi(h{dRrtlN: II \ \ II ~~~q:t"lI'qdU~ .. Cfi~: II ~tdqf ~fCtetl'1I~:A"ffl' II \ ~ II Ptiilfll'1lil~'1{~Jl£:~~ .. ~ql{i5: 11m

q~l .. qij«'fqW~~dl6lft4'1¥t~ .. r,....: 1.1 \ \ tI ~~~r.r(

II (f:Cfi(,~..:q{i5.'CJ: II "'("~Cfflql~qllil~!~"" II \ 8 II ~tRlt .. i .... (q'1lqqlc'fIif:« f?q.r: II aT~IifI'l\1t1dftt!l:~~:lf"~ffi II \ c.. II ssffCf~qltilJij"dr'i1{i5~(dl;'4i{i5r ~ II "41;j)Cfddl'I"IdltCftffitU{q~ICfi~dr U ~( II ~~~J\f~

II (fOo lSfRWtJ\4{a .. ttr II '(i!(I~'IUd(1(r~'1Cfidi'i1"'Oi1;Sdt"1: II ~~(Cf~'f;CfilqW: ~rfJ"1tf(11'f1(: II \ II ~~'\f{ffliq}-~{(il¥t~ .. rfl~or II "i(i5tCflflfij{l;f)' ~~4t;pt II ~ II 'f"T(f1fI(q"~~ql{i5tqq~fi~dJ'tlir.tC$q",,1 II ~Q; II (0\ II

II ssft=til~i1'I'il~~~qijletd:1I Cffjql(i5I .... ~WI~ql(lrldt<tI~l(II~;it II 'f"f(T'f"Tcq~q-r ~~tQ ~~r~ttQl'1fl1~ II 4i94IUI¥t~ II

.B 686-g



26

A1WIlBOLOGIOA.L S1JJlVEY.

No. 19.-lNsORIPl'ION 011 THE TElIPLE OJ' VASTUPALA TaJAPALA.-Ovn TJB NOBTH BNTJU.NCB.

II~ :'5flilltl.,'tft itl q II a1ihIr :qujill\1(Rt rm:C'i a1("'~t'itil1i1\i11 wit lIiSSf .. 1 (\i6({hlal iediMlq: II acr:4iite{dq:~it~lIft!if.ti\I!I'f4'rdl'f!lq<~w4lft;6'fUIf(r~iSI,ulcl~ ~ II ~~~'tfihfl'f\iClCl. ,~('("..lt ~

II ~ft, 0~sstfq~ull~(itltdoqql'''ltlrqq1f~d60 ~.qcql( .. ",ssIN"1ft1I~ f'lit6o »sOEO*, ~ossft3l1~II(JIii;j«i1l'f6'0~~0 ~>il'flel .. q)(~"'(q4 t~:~liOf\11·'fofl"(I'fI~SSIY .. ~qlW(qI('fi4

II JJtssfte~dlacfl~ft:ttt{l"Hlittt1lq .. A"(~T'itqdffit\i \9~ ~2"~({¥«fr~"'elt~~rl;qlqlt ;q 1 ~.,..Rtttf~i('i \9\9~ssft"i",qf "itqa q,~"(ldM ql =ilitt .. q~SS1fqt .. , ~tonret ~ Ittl~d 6~I~q~"~ll!ifCf "e.,iftaeq Cifil ~~ifi

II ~"'f'I(I'itI~(litssffe .. ulqt1I~~Ud"'I(j",~ .. el .. q?nlqltt'q"'(I;rq4f~ifojl~lhrr (~I q ~qiif Iq~""(I'fICC44t .. ~q 1~"dtflat~~.,tf\9( .. ~cfU~("C~1if .. wIiCfiq~\q .. 'itS ~lloqlql(l"loql'lU"dl'ftio ~:ql~"Ctl5ft

. II "!itq·l~ l"Cteq~JJ?t'f(lail ~sstt .. ~ ull\e~<'!J~<~if"ifi~ttt~"4ifiqa\q ... rr~ar"'lttlRd'~AuqfllCifi"m~~or~~fm: II dtflt1AA~ {l5ftct4ijql~"":tctqPt'fffttd'~I~I~itq'f'Ia'ltWr

II d'(ISfPt~ I" cne!4I{ssitSR E41f~ifttf'if"Cifi~I"1d I(~?q IlICf., 1 tfaitttiA!l<lctd 1 <»sO '1'1 otf<tcuf~nft:cr ttl\dCfiltl/l(lctdl(ssft tt«("1d')W'~a .. t~CifiI"CtQlBq~"S;'leac"'I"1~lCfi"I_lIiCfq\"""I(ql ,;~()t"ltfa"1I~t'de .. tl~"'I"CtQl~

II ","dl'f' 00 sstret~~ 00 '5ft"H\II(I",\(ftftdqffl(UISjqssft:tI'lt"lqactatr(tflq~~"'ISf i'l1~it~Sjlra"i'tttt"r...d~~~~ \iif6Iitdl<"(Hfleiq~ac~CifiCfiY~.,q(q(J~ ~~-r~~~",qd'f(Id'lltarr

II ~:ql.ctlc!i'lIa'N 00 ifil""~r>ql: 00 (1"l1l~('hldlql .. (ssftffi~""qr:~ ~~ssft'f(rtltt1dl~~csql5fmi~acIUi~t{ftl5tt~ ~~41'f.tli{q"ij"41~rcrfW

II dssft'f""",.,(j!t ~:~:~d4!lq~"(Id't

tff"dl(q'tll.,qlel~ :iI\ffta': II ~ " ~~~~f.Rrdtfi",'q~l=Nql(\tf@""t~lifl ~:fitiqftil .. iijlta(dl :ijifT: II ~l'tt"1~lettpq"CRlljCfiR

II affifdT :cfi}fft '" i"Ct., q 1 Stif:t'fjIC! l~q'~~l'it;fl¥t Itll milt II ~:'" eo '" itt e'1~ m etfi :ctq, «I (lit ftr:Cfi'lir''4i1~l(ISq''lul''$t(fq-cql ~I ~SSlTT'affl: II ~«:iffi'l("I'ld 1 :1fUI~;(t~ae-:~:ifiqCfi..,t1IctqttrTqqi~t\i{ II ~ II ~ld~di~«~"\1d:

OIBNAB IlIS0RIP'l'IORS.

27·

11 CA' a iCh '"'~ 'tf04 'tf!l{ :mT: 'lll(~q, q ,oIq c1,(Sifdq .. ;." r~q(11 rcti ""~\(~'" "t1;1q, ~~";rr;fl 1i)"""'ifiitifiif+a1~~'(1~d II, II .. '(d .... (1jq'~E<lilRtifi ... t<d I, cf II qE<l~ ,.,q"'sm \1lffflGtill«S;GCf~ II 8 II ~oq!(q~ .. €,l't'~(1'~": ~~

II .." f,,~ftq"'fRct~t!SlqCltfl""I~?tt~iuu~, .. ~

"EijJf.t«04I~ifl"~cff II 4. ""n41",lcqq"'i1r .. "'-rlillit(1I1'qCCfqqP", .. ~:tdl4lCltrPl~;prf (f('ld, .. ,O(,qq"'f"'''': II tcf""aolti(ftfq'ftlWbldq~GCf", .. m~

II ~'U~tl(d«(dCflq~~rf.q(~~(1: II ( "f.f~~{JSqCfitfl'Cli~(1~q~-tI ... <t'tfflr.r~mr~ cr~l"'tS;(tjhi~\f~dqi: II li4~fil'"'t\'(1""'J~ ... r.t~~~ .. tffqe:~~rqf\'~'Cfi(ilj,qq ~;ftl5fl"ti1q,~qi II \9 II aNl~~q(~4'S(iIj\:q1~;si(ffI"~:CfinfR

II ifi\Ulq,if'"'t .. ,.,I .. tt .. sftcq,Fa ilq~q«:'jRdeCflqm(1~~ql(ilj'3~" II ~ II sa;ftir-ttJltf( .. ~ql~qfl (1,~", .. ~""',\t:tf4~"'fit~1 if<t~,,{JS(1 iCfiffi~&ic ell rtif.tqflrfa1rdtRt MC6(16IQt 1 wil~

Cfi'4,.~.,.p4dtd~(t'Cl4~d~cf)4Cl,Ai;flql~CfiI: n ~ 0 It.... •

II 6IlM .. h:'"'tI'I ... q .. q@md·qtc441i'Uu4IWt{rt:tfJ\~'l~:quiI~!q{{a ~~~" ftq'~lq~ Cfllfi1q(Cltfqq(if"6"ltl"it(t:h{lqr ... ~q'(iljtf("~C4I'td4Icfil"1IfI.qCfi~: II \ \ II arm!!. ~~iR«emil:q,~(,aqr'4¥fIf4tldt'll~

II ;jif·q,\1ftft II ~~"'4!tIiCfi411'tt""~dr.t4JlqMCJ,qq'N~qlwqRt1i!t,'id~:mr:q<iA1rn II \ ~ II ~~Cfiq'(iIj"Ffi~W1i4 !til {~E<I e('ij ~ c-hi" 41 !t1C4 E<I q !tIe m!\Tfffi';rcfm;t1l Jft{:~ q(llfiqW~,~(C4;:q'4ClW\ftrdi:t(qa"Cfi4m~dqqlq~~

Illi'=Jtfq: II n. II ~·.r~rfhft;R(Ullurf It td@HftifSlifi,qt'liftj·ulit,,4tl : II sroMdlq

~( .. ,,~~: II \ U cftq·"q;f~srctdlJ~JiiI(itt¥(~ .. ~~or n ~(iljtCf~Ud"11cCih1

U~~\tiI~itiM' II ~ II l5fI"'~l{'Oq~:q~lldftq·I'Ztcsq ... , II &i.'~4t('~: II ~ It

No. 20.-V ASTUPALA. 'rBZAPALA.'S TEHPLR-BOUTH DOOR.

II ~~q, ,a, .... qqua trossit ..qcqlf4fil 00 15ft ~'"q(114i'l>11 00 "Jlqd~>11 00 'Sft'amn

(' Cl ... tc4 00 15ft ,q'(t4l~~6¥(dtc4 00 ~o 'Sftifl~ .. q~~o 'SIr

~qle&qil·if;fi if(lif'tqlS(fcctdqlE5~IC'£~O J5ft ~r~(f1a:rtt~tf(J"«'\1fttfl'f l

n ~ sftl<tqraq""I3flEM~ ~~qraq"'lq~., ¥t('¥f'CtI'SIltftijq,'" <m ~~ (r 18( ~ 'i~U"lfi'\j481f~q!l\q"'irt!St,qfUf jQI(I"1.0Cfl'lu4d l¥t~ JSftA:~ ~.sthU"i",qlfctl' .... lJt[rtt"CI~!lssfl"4ulltM~ ~~~HEh1"iifi~(~ I

II t{Eft~C(4 .. m\f~q~q."ft!d~lat;:qEtlltdf''''lit GCfftlCbll'2\ft~"''''ifir~lf;rqtdift u1ri:m .. i6lftal: II ~ ~M~ 15ft .. ttlql~C(tc4q'I~IIY~a 15fml'iiQij(lcflill .. dl( ~~m *flqtc.tdlf"'~(retar{ JSft QY",,"'If.la .. Etif!l(14al{ 15ft I

II if'loft(~ .. q \1f\di1 rta .\4l'tri{cnt 15I't tH~dt ~"1i ft:osifi I oqglQ ~ "fS~ 16'Sd4""iij~~"'1\1I ... q,"~\cRl J5ft ~;rI«"lwifidaqi 4if::q~~{1TTTQ4R:fCt~dl"( is'0 15ft ~~ 00 J5tt a:rmmJl~d<l:ql'Hil(OJsrq~~flf;tr~an~ I

11 ~ AAli~::C I ~.,f!:qa~~.tl Z"fCbtaat' IlJt d4!lqil Z4(lffN~af.t4i«'sa",~(q(lf.roAA sz;fi :till;u~~q~ ~r~ijqdil(l8Ji~ltif"f~qlfCtt1'4oqlftoql:

• .. -Ao' "" etff. . ~ -r:;..... -

$Jli<4ll:i1l(/tq: 00 ?II CfiI~;g~"Jo(jI'(IV1~1 \dIc4jllao')II wl';.\·)(1~r: ~ I

II ~~~~ l5ft1rit\tl((;dlifllluqss(t ~llfdt!ft~Sifrd4loji1t!11:

isfr ~rtrialffl<"fillJl%ftii«:~ftq2Icl4){OILHt ~ ~ ~J!fttrr1r~tf JSftaJrnd"fl%f a "1P:1'iI~lffld'lq'i1i~~:~: JI.it ti"ltd 1I(lijj~",d'(,tI el C(: lfifftf: II ~ II

II ~15ftr'lr-lrr~if j{[\-ldJf: . «f"El~qit~!lT1r<f~l;m_~: II ~ i(rr(~ 't!'l'C14ifffi;rQT~qr f1lf: ~{/~li:ffT'fe-fTffl: II ~ II ~drft~iI"";;)I~~d(Ollm: II q:fllJn:r~: Cftf1osa""litripff{Off'lfCfirt II' II ~:Fc\i'lel"'tijil~qle.!fT:ro II "fl'tcfjoft· qTif I



II ~J{OfIq'b~ffi It'll CJit~ctiT1ffiT;rrrtf~ ~G~ II ql«'l~qtijq,e~QTl1'ltf~ II 9 II ~:~trm~iqa-~fl:r~··i{·;f'q':I:q~Cfiltlil"r;jH1TJHf~\f{d": «f~.

~= II ~Il'l"' .. iffl¥lq Cfi r~~:~:~if~~~I

u "d1i{I!l"fi4R~II" II ~~fluffd"n~4r~~·.tg]i'.TflffiJ;ffir;rCfiq·iHdq,i"S:~ 11 ~:'ffl-l:R Wii~:m~~1ffrtff'fi: ~1rod~~mt<f II (II '{a"~-

~~~q'J~iflPs(t<Jrniftftf zit:~~~: ~~ I

II ntll ~ft"J(F~"'''lerl1jtl~d;l~i~~T~ii1J[01li~

II \9 II ~~~crrqrrfgw1..~<rJj jll~~t1 ~lfi'[~fftqiJ~~ II ~~riqarqq(d(j~~"l~flfif'<J;:qdtrr'ijm I

GlRNAR INSCRIPTIONS.

29

" lRfI~it=l1l ~ II ~:q-It'6Etlf.\ulill~~~@'qI\t~a: II ~dlil'I",~q'fSlI~qdll(lf' .. <cfim II" II ~cua4t"'f~ II ~T1fr.r(t(f"'fqt(f"'ft?l4Ii1cia~: 11\011

~~ :qqmdilul'lAt II AtlTdl«f ~(t(fl\uqcUfl4l: ,11 ~\ II

II

No. 21.- V ASTUPALA TEJAPALA'S TEMPLE-NOTH SIDE.

II ";iflf: lSfle~ijlq II 6italf\~I(:nntla¥tOIt4:~(t'f<I('RI&46'1eglfttdcfil~q:~I"aO:U4l1<dl< ~ I ~~~CWfICfiU:Cfii'ClIOII"I~a .. :qra4l~t1Q}H'81~:1I \ ~~~ ~~~~ ~ ~ vft" to ~~ ssft'fC{Olftt'6SPtlt(foqql'if~r ~{QI' I

II sm it·\iSqlc'flii oO~lSqeldli'lliI O'o~\il¥td~1iI 0'0ssfti54I\J1<11iI4dl"'ft4 O'O~r<tclt ~ O'O~I'OI'I'f(saii'flt'6a .. q](~IiIE'f'f(~:~.i1"'f;ft'f(f1Ifcqssft .. ~qr~ ~it'f(O $~CC«IIiI((1lq'fM'f(o '5ftlilt4afttl«O ,,~ ~c\"l«1t I

II

at .it Cf~ql~"'f (f!IT ;af~~"'f!Jal(~i"~"44\q~(q"'f'f{~~(loqrql(li?ql~O<t~'f( 55ft ~: ~ ~ ~"'t4I!dll:qt'6q,I~'1(lcOl! ~ ttClOI~~~~:'t"'f4l!!<t~i~1~

«<ft t4Cfeill4lq~(Cfift!1dql atrqe'fEdtCfl'Olcsq~6hli'a~71~ ~11

II iJU .. 4Ilftll: II (f!IT 55f"iI(dllqfdq"ij!lSl~JIcR~qt1qg.~ .. fciRN-l"cuROCII: mR: ~O ssftcI:iT,,1g !!:.ql: ~~'f'{o ssf(efl('5d Il oqltdqT3rr~:~~ n:tccqf.!l,,"~d~ ~aw 'f(I8It/iccal< 15I1'fdlIMI"4\(~«~~r<fffi'{

lI;{tqJ~~ . .

II 'ffif{ ~~ 4I·I\Vft(I"dl(~e(tccift~fRCftft;541I:qd?Jqf~H~'It'6~ 'CfICfJlCfi"'frm'CC' If"~fmql!:stt =tflf"'fI«"It'51la h Cfi~4II:q«?Jqd('II~ ~-

• ftfal'f( 0'0 >sft«t'f~ttf1 0'0 <Si1~11(1"'~I~fJ'tdq:qi""aRUI"q sa;ff.tfirifmer arr~~"'I~IiII~"'~ I

II iTl~!me'f~d~(<ft(QIG"'f4l(~h:r J5ftarglqdl'f(ldT~ ~af.tCIi CJlld .. q(q(If.\(ltaia- ~~"1It1~lr~ ~~'fs. aot~d'f(ffitif >sfl"I1J(.I~~W"t6tr1=t~lcsq ssft~liMWtf\lcsq ~ an4dl\tR~1 apr~~ lSfl" ~1!I'{qil~4I(Ulq~ ~1Fr"ifq if.:t ~l't I

B 686-1,

30

ARCILEOLOOICAL SURVEY.

II q fd fSff l5ft ¥ft ~ d ill tI a "1q~(",fcc .1I1hfl «lCfl(l ~'dlq¥f f\l;fcf:~:~fh:f~d I "Id l(ac(l~r ~: iIiTftcr: II II ~ II ~ II 9 It ~ II . . .

~q(ifCfltfllflJ1lu(a:qwl~di U riufldCfl:q'lfi"lw~~a ~ "'tlitdCflijJ1llf acN~:'1.{: "a~ I

II ~ II \ II ~ftrt(t: tK~w:q\('I«t'l~d..u~I~t"'"«1tnP:titwl\i:~«iJ1dll~( II ~(ijfG4hu;":.jlifql ~~tt<rd\11f\d~Jft<t<c1ij'{t'ttl: "' II f%'ntl ~~q~~"IEltIt'ttdql;rq(I\1Itj<tI{q~: ~~-

~~·~~cr

II ~~ 1I (. II {~~'~«1rtr,iI<ftR': ~i\1ir..~¥fi(w:fcIi~:ssflijt\1Wtt'4I"'tq:1I ~wl\1~~~ .. c:qlql~~'ffiICfit'5(ij")1r: ~t'5Cfr~Cfllw:qtro: ~~ II \9 II (a~<\1<\1"'tqla¥fI(lt¥q('5iN1(ijif:- ~ffl~~:- ~«i\tuJmtll ~~: cnfitr I

II ~faq'l(ifq<~~~~~J~('5\1ra"'t("CfiI(('i:ql(l«:1I < II~~ ~ftfl'r.qm~: ~'f~ ;h-fl:J~ ~') .. tt1qlt'5li¥fit: ~: ql('5Sd~ctE"f.hf tffi('5l .. uqft1(t<4~fc1~Cflql«q\fi('5m-~ ~ :ISQR"411 ~ II ~ffJ5l't wrr~qfRili~

II ~ftuti II ~"ACfllqM~rit:S;ft"'t: II Sl'url<fitcrr¥f'~ :'"A~~:~: II \11 ~~~~?f1ifI~r ~~~fGT'ttr1~: II ~itll2c\11'lld(.lIql S.f'Hf\1l«d~ .. ~tf1~~~: ~~'IiI~"'t111 ssft"(Vjql('5q~:q~Iffi1'Rq~ II ~ u e u

Of the inscriptions.in Nemin!tha's temple I secured copies of all except one, which has suffered very much from the exfoliation of the granite.

No. 22.-0" a P£Uar in Ne1n£"atha.

6tffl \"~ «~'!i!ft « ~~id':ilqd¥fI~lfffq~IUII"I(ijoqqfH.jlqijla1q'i( ~ (~*B~t~* ~f~~iI:qcfi{1 '00 :;;(juftilldlf.:til:qcfi CfiI~dlf.:tfa4qrn!lo tf* ~o~o II ~ ,~~ ~ eN ~\II("'\I~ ~ ~~~':ilqd 'i1(1a1~ .. - - - (f~rtl'{ili~ ~- - -ssfl'Ilwilla'jq\1'~o cft- - - - • l1"t~i '=' Ct~l ~ItH ~l~lJ1{1 u. .



"

"

GIBNAB. INSCBIPTIONS.

31

No. 23-On Pilla". in Neminatha.

~ n. ~ ~ crif aq!ct~ \ 8 ~ • .,qSi'NW<~!1~qa~lIC( \~hii(SI~ctttd~.,~·

tfcrl{l5§d~O (Rql~"'~:-'4 J~({J't{l51 _v.;t~qmrr'""tlsstlrfin-i3

"ii ~ d "I (I d'll >StYWfJlI., I q a ct{q f.l~

~ t, 00 ~ ~ I' ~~I'4"'i04-aI\i\r:::I".,7TfSl~-

~>St""" ,000 l:f~.,qfd~'; i\\1lifi~Otjr .I sstt- 4 1 q'a{I(Ji(.41aifiltcCill\s:s"4IAssft m- -. ~ sstt torl'Ns llq;{i - - -

No. 24.-1n the north, entrance left 8W8 to the Oourt oj Neminatha's Temple.

C\o n ~l'NitJlf{{: \1lnlfCl'6~~ft{l5« ... ftNr ~ [cr] ilcj~4\,,~i8ilifNfqf ~:~~ ~"ictd%~ifil(q .. aifilqq I'tt :

~tciN1ld"(I"ll1~~~Jt:a~ : )if

) ct~lIl .. ~;gI~\\1"dlpqd :

No .. 25:

II ;f;gq'I.I~Ol4ltc " \\1 4;tr~t(1 ~ I" ifi(Eftiffir \1ct"'0(~ ol~q4il fd1lt fltqqifi"~ 1 ~ II

No. 26.-1n the north entrance to the Oourt of Neminatka's Temple.

C\ ~ \, \ C\ ~ =b utt' ~ ~4}aKl(~"ftt4dcfllSli1'lcqie"~ ~ i4t~ifilelfiQ5l\\1ltct I ~ti"'(OltA~ 0 elt'5CIl(olq ftrt«qr

'0 \\1 tf« 6 0 tclct\1l.,ql\ioY,dl atrr 00 'ffi1\2d 00 crft tfl~l(ut"ctl'le A:1'{tOqlqRd : iliTftasfil~~IIR~cti1d c1\;Gifiitf(t<dill'iNT II tr~af~ifil\ f.lR1\ctl~IfiI~Ptuql~d III

No. 27.-On a Stone in the Cqurt of Neminat~a'8 Temple at Girnar,

C\ ~ : if.nwr ~ \ 8~C\ .. "4ifilrd ifiUI\

32

ABCB&OLOGICAL SURVEY.

~ ~ ~ ~ii'II't""(ifl(m!lel~dftt( f.fcrro1~¥inrCl (i5'flf<4~~ iftlU ... ,ifc .ft

t'i(tl<4101 00 ~\iU 01'0 ~IUd[(I('iJiS"ro ifi! ~ is"0 f.ltll('iJld"ll1IaIO~o

...

~o Jf?iff(:tt6Io~ II ~ ~oro I"';'att

ifl~stlSfltaittOIl~~tI~a"'61 0 ~ ~

~ anl~ClOI,,(t~w)PI"'I"'~(Olqolllftr~

No. 28.-0. a Pdliya in N6f1I.i"dtha', Oourt. t~ifilm

. ift~.

,

~\(~~~ it~h{&cfilM

.o:f}qCl ifil~~ cr~ iro ar ~

;fi q-o ;tt(:l4d

if"ClleCllfl('iJ1

~ ~ it~ql'Sjl ~Rij II II .

No. 29.-Outside the gate of NemiruUha,'s Temple. x(H"~<4q xfttt("q~qfclssflii1qTttt4~<4 x r..l1tqijI6 ...

x q'f(Cfi(OnQ..,d ~d I~

x it..,aqliM xii1ICl<41j('iJI'Cl('iJCfi 'It I ~~ >c itfil.., I #.f q I Cl K is" 0 Cf{j Cfi l:q 00 cmrr

x Wi ~Cfiif .. llifa

N 5. SO.-At another place.

\\' \ ~ 'It ~ 15ft~"'('iJilltft tfqt~I(I~I"Ud tc"

'5ftarr<4 piloN 411 CflII {' er

GIUAR INSCltIPTIONS.

33

No. 31.- Near the gaU of N_in&h,a,"s Templt Oft the roek.

U C\<" -.If ~""f.l' ~ ~1(I'i~fll"Ef~ r.,csq

q"'IOI:q(~

On the image in KumA.rapAla's temple is the following inscription (No. 32):-

II ~ \<'<\ eN ~ \ \9V( If J5Tr m l'" \9 ~ll5ft ~

",'(jd~1{f s~flq(\1(j~I .. ql' ~"'tMeCfi(I~ ~ I \1' I ti' I J5Tr '\ (l",el'l{t'iI~fo ~

No. 33.-At Hathipaglan.

~~ \«\ ~ ~i1i CJft" ( \1iit~fll("'I(a1ij ifl '(oN I at -rra 4,. ( ~ ~~lfloqrt.tqi .. ~ ~I~ ~f4l'1'),ita41~Cfi(loq)

No. 34.-At Bhavanatha .



"'1'1(<illefI~ ;rJlf I ~

~ I """,'ttl(lt .. ~cj(o

No. 35.-lha a Btooe in the Uparkot-Nolf} in the Darbar,

. .

.:

~

~ \ \C\o ~~m4'ijfa C\ 'l~qMfc"E'S [ij"] 8Jq6f,",U'4ItJd6'("

R" ,._

\1'(!!ttl~irt~dE'S(i6E'S~ [t] (fit ] Cfiltt~T tlrlt'{tam - - iI~'",E5(1«E4t"S'tr [~ ] oI1i' PM"

.686-1

34

ARCH.EOLOGICAL SURVEY.

22nd Jarmary.-At Dandusar, 8 miles west of JunA.ga4h, is an old well w~tb an inscription, but it was partially under water, and beyond my reach to copy.

23rd January.-Dhank is about 30 miles W.N.W. from Junaga4h, and is the old Tilatila Pa~~n or Mungipeean, a place formerly of considerable extent, though but little remains of the ancient city but dust and debris. To the west of the present town is a rocky hill with a small temple a-top; this hill is covered with the ruins of an old fort. One of the old wavs is called the Wa.v of Manjus'ri (a name familar to the northern Buddhists) or Manjesarl-for the villagers pronounce the word in more ways than one. In one of the gokhles, or niches, is an old loose image, so like a Buddhist figure of a Na.ga-protected worshipper as to suggest this as its origin: The Chaitya window ornament over the niches, and the lintel of the doorway into the enclosure where this well is-and which is the sifl,hasana of a Buddha, with lions at the ends, two folds of the cloth depending in front, and the wheel set edgewise in the centre,-bot,h indicate that Buddhism must have prevailed here. The old temple of Manjes'ari or Manjus'ri was pulled down some time ago, and a linga shrine now stantls on its base.

The chambers t.hat remain in the old fort are associated in local tradition with this Manjus'ri.

In a small ravine to the west of the hill are some Buddhist caves. The sides of this ravine, of the same soft calcareous sandstone as at J unaga4h, have been quarried or cut out: the bottom is now filled up with soil. The first cave faces N.W., and is entered by a door scarcely 4 feet high, inside which there is a descent of about 2 feet to the floor. The cell measures 7 feet 9 inches deep by 8 feet 4 inches long, with a small niche about 22 inches square in each end. At the back, on each side of the shrine door, and now much decayed, has been the figure of a Buddha in the usual attitude, with the soles of the feet turned up and his hands over them. Over his head is the triple chattri, a ohauribearer at each side, and small Hying figures above. The sill of the shrine dbor is about 20 inches from the floor, and the door about 3 feet high by 2! feet wide. The shrine is only a large niche about 2 feet deep, with a Buddha squatted on a sifl,hasna at the back of it: on the sinhasana, the lions, drapery, and central wheel are all distinctly traceable; at each side stands a chauri-bearer with a high mukuta much rotted away.

A little to the north of this, up the ravine, the face of the wall has been sculptured with a number of figures in low relief, and without much evidence of art. The- largest figure is only about 30 inches high, including the snake hood over his head. They are:-

1. A woman with a child on her left knee, her right elbow resting on her right knee, and the hand pointing up. She has heavy earrings, and apparently a frontal ornament in the parting of her hair, which is wavy and clustering. 2. Close to her is a standing figure exactly like a Pars'wanatha in theIVth Badami Cave ( figured in my Report for last season,) standing on a triple pillow, with a snake rising behind him, and its seven hoods just over his head~

DHANIt.

35

There are five bends of the snake on each side. He has elongated ears, and short curly hair, and is about 27 inches high.

3. At his right hand is a small sitting figure about 8 inches high.

-4. Buddha with a broad face, poorly cut, on a sinhasarla or lion-throne, having the wheel and deer or antelopes in the centre, folds of the drapery of the seat hanging down, and lions at the ends. His hair is represented, as usual, with a knob or tuft on the crown :-or, perhaps, this is meant to represent the staff of the triple umbrella over his head. Standing on the ends of the throne are the usual chauri-bearers.

5. A standing Buddha 26 inches high, with elongated ears, and what look like ringlets over each shoulder, as in the figure of a Jina in Cave IV. at Badami, and repeated in Cave I. at Aihop'i, with long arms as at Cave XIX. at AjaJ:11A, and two chauri-bearers 10 to 12 inches high,-one apparently with the head of an animal, but they are so decayed that it is doubtful to say with certainty what it IS. Below the one on Buddha's right is a compartment 16 inches high by 12 inches wide, out of which the figure has been entirely obliterated.

6. A squatting Buddha, 18 inches high, on a pillow placed upon the sifihasana, with bearers as in No.4.

, 7. A similar figure, but the seat is worn away.

8. Another, of which the head is gone. The throne is higher; and over this figure and the last, the triple umbrella is rudely carved, with something like foliage at each side over the chatwi-bearers, who are 15 inches high with disproportionately big heads.

9. A third similar to the last two: the chattria are better represented and pendant foliage or tassels hang over the head of the chau.ri-bearers. The asana has three lions in front, as at BAdami and Aihogi, and the wheel is carved on the rock below the central one. A t the four corners of this sculpture are holes in the rock as if to fasten on some screen or covering :-the same thing was remarked of a similar Bauddha figure in one of the caves of the ManmocJi Hill at Junnar.

10. A deep recess in which there has been sculpture, but it has entirely disappeared, except a small flying figure at one corner.

These figures seem pretty well to have exhausted the pantheon of the Mungi Pat1;an Buddhists, for we find but few traces of sculpture elsewhere. I arrived at Dhank on Saturday morning at 2 A.M., and left at 4 A.M. on Tuesday, 26th January, and during that short interval my draftsman was not overindustrious, so that no sketches were taken from these sculptures.

At the north side of the recess the rock is cut away for some distance back, leaving a sort of court open to the ravine on the W.N.W. side. There is a considerable accumulation of rubbish in it, so that the floors of the cells entered from it are all under the outside level. At the south end is the upper part of a door, through which, with considerable difficulty, one can squeeze himself, feet foremost, into a cell, in which it is said there was a sort of well of considerable depth, if not a cave below it, but the whole was filled up a few ye~rs ago by the political officers to keep the outlaws from making a den of it.

On the east wall of the court are two horizontal grooves: the upper and smaller one running along the north and south ends also: the lower, at least, bas been for the bearings of a roof which doubtless originally covered this court; and the squared stones lying about, may be those of the front wall of it.

36

ABOH~OtOGICA.L SURVEY.

In the east side is a recess from which the image has entirely disappeared; but over the front of it is left the triple chatt'l'i and remains of flying figuresBuddhist cherubs-on each side.

A little to the south of this is a door leading into a cell, much filled· up, measuring 8 feet 9 inches by 12 feet 2 inches. I t has a small recess at the back.

On the north side of the court is another cell with two entrances,-nearly filled up; and over the front of this is a groove in the rock, slanting up from each side-gable-end fashion.

At the corner, where the scarp turns to the north again, are two niches(gokhMs)

in the rock, with holes above as if for wooden fastenings or bearings. .

Some miles west from Dhank, towards Siddhsar, in a ravine called Jhiniurijhar, are some caves cut in calcareous sandstone. Probably there have been

. others further up the ravine, but, if so, the decay of the rock has destroyed all trace of them. The furthest to the south, has been a verandah facing east, with two cells, measuring 8 feet by 9l feet and 71 by 9i feet respectively. It probably never had any pillars in front, and the drip line is crooked to follow the edge of the rock.

'The next cave has two cells, one 9l by 8 feet communicating with the second, on its north side measuring 71 by 91 feet, which has two octagonal pillars in front with square bases and capitals. The pillars are connected below with the pilasters by a low screen carved in front with the Buddhist rail of a. large pattern-each division being 5 inches wide. This is the only trace of orna .. ment about these caves.

The next and last to the north is 8 much larger one, and has had six square pillars in front of a narrow verandah; of these the three pillars to the south of the door and one at the north end still remain. The front wall is pierced only for a door, and this had been built up some years ago to keep out the Wagaq. outlaws. On pulling down so much of the wall as to gain entrance I found that, like the excavations in Kapra Kodia at Junagadh, it had an open area in the centre measuring about 13 feet by 20; but this had been quite filled in from above, and this rendered it impossible to examine the entire arrangements and secure a plan; but it appeared to consist of apartments round this open court, with pillars in front. and divided by walls.

On a stone a little to the west of this I observed the first three letters of the Inscription No.6, but on clearing it of earth I could make little out except what I have given. There were letters also on other stones close by.

In another ravine to the west of this, and running into it a little to the north-east, are other caves. The first reached is a verandah 18! feet long and fully [) feet wide, with two windows, and a door about 4 feet wide, separated by square pillars, as at J unagaq.h, and in the second cave in Jhinjori-jhar. The drip is an irregular line accommodated to the face of the rock. From the north end of the verandah a cell is entered by a door and two narrower openings about 14 inches wide. This chamber measures 61 by 8t feet, and has a door in the right-hand wall, near the back, into a second room 8t by 7 i feet.

A little higher up the ravine, to the south-west, is a second cave having a verandah with two squftre pillars in front, and tw-o cells, one of them much

decayed, .

GUlILJ.

37

On the way back to Dhank I struck the road to Siddhsar near a large old wlv, repaired, like others about, in comparatively modern times, with arches thrown across where the old lintels had given way. This wAv belongs to the ancient city, said to have been overthrown by the curse of an ascetic, and which, if oovering anything like the area pointed out, must have been a very large place. One of the gokkl€s has a rough sketch of a Chaitya window over it filled with a kirtim'Ukk or large grinning face. At the turning of the descent, near the top, are four niches, the sill of which is carved with the Greek-like pattern found at BadAmi, and also at many places in KMhiawad, of leaves and dentils: below the old base is much decayed.

26th Jan'Uary.-Turning off to the west from the village of Hariesana into a gorge on the west side of the Ga4hkA. hill, I visited the Kapra. K0di3. caves between Pa~n and Siddhsar. Like most others all over Kathiawir}.. they are perfectly plain with square pillars in the verandahs, and without any trace of shrines or images.

Of the most southerly, furthest up the ravine, and facing east, the front has fallen away, and the two cells only remain.

The second is a single cell, of which the front of the verandah also has dropped down.

The third is a verandah returning forwards on the left, wiflh five square pillars roughly blocked out, and a cell at the back on the extreme right.

The fourth has a verandah 23t feet long by 6 feet wide, with two massive square pillars in front, and two cells behind-one 8 feet by 10l, and the other III feet by 91 feet.

The fifth has been a large cave, but the roof has fallen in, and the apartment at the back, with a wide door, is quite choked up. If there has been any chaitya or shrine in the series it must have been this cave.

The sixth is a simple cell.

The seventh has two octagonal pillars in front, and is 12t feet deep by 15i feet long, with two large cells-one at the back and the other on the left side.

Close to it is the eighth, the (2?) pillars of the front of which are gone.

It is 91 feet deep by 33 feet in length, with two cells at the back very clumsily cut.

Next to this we come to the remains of a stair up to the top of the rock, and beyond it to the ninth and last cave, which is only a roughly hewn-out verandah, with one cell at the north end, and the entrance to another begun.

GUlILI, January 28th.-I visited the BAmapo!a, N au Lakha, Ganesa, and W8.niawasi temples and the Jetha. WAv, and then ascended by the east side of the gorge to Abapura-the small shrine on the highest peak, reaching the summit in 1 hour 5 minutes. The view over the Barda hills to Purbandar, &c., is very fine, but to the north-west the country is strikingly flat. After visiting some of the tanks and ruins in the fort on the summit, I descended by the west side of the gorge, striking off to the Son Kansari talao and temples, and thence right down through the jungle on the Sales8.r taIao and ruined temple, reaching the plain again at the Derani WAv outside the BAmapoJa. .After what I had heard of Gumll I felt much disappointed with this preliminary survey. The RAmapola, one of the finest of the ruins, has fallen not very many years ago, and the

B 686-j

II .,\: "".", tt"., 'III,,, ,,,.,,"",, ... ",,'h~p)ol l")lWt'Y" a very inadequate idea of what it \\ .\. '\\ ,.,," ,.,' 'h" t,\ ",It" .. U~'I. 'l'h" \\' t\niAwasi has also probably been totally ,,,,,,,·,1 \\,' I"" ,,,".1 t.", ""I.

I\h ""h·.t "U u"",n. h'I\\\"""" "'UNt· stand over for the present, and with ,h,. ". ,'II .. "" \ '1''''11'''' h''''pl'I 1 huve discovered at NA.n' Gop and the re'"'IlIq """,,1 '" ".",hh \\' ,ll 1\11'''' 'lw subject of another memorandum.

, "1'1'1.",1 11""",,,\ 1'1 h"I' '''''''I''l'tiuIIS collected on my tour from Ahmedabad ","I 1.1".\\1'1'1\' \ 11''''1' I,t' II",,,, ""lit lilt' by \Vallabha Acharya of Jun8.gad.h and t.1 h", I). ","I , "1,,,11 1'1' 1",1'1',\' ttl I'w"i\'ll translations from scholars of any of the

'""1 "1,1'1"'" "' IIIIN ""''''''I'"",l"""

J. BURGESS,

.\ 1'1'1",'ul"loCi,'nl Survoyor and Reporter to Government.

APPENDIX.

lNSCRIPrIONS AT DEVA PATTAN, &c.

No. 36.-INSCRIPTION IN THE TEMPLE OJ' SARASVATI, NIJAR SURTA Ku](BHA, AT DEVA fAT'IAN.

\t.r'I_ t<",<" ~ ffiroJ~ '\ ~:~'~I~~ttdO'«(IIi1J"(Ii1I'4f~~ ~~~JI;itCiirf~Cfiltfl'fiS :Cfi(liild :ifi1ft;I« 1t1'f'ft :ifiTO\t1r~laft«iRI':· II ~ ififr~Ufbr: II \ II



In the year 1858 of Vikrama. in the month of Vaishakha, the bright fort. night; 5th day, Sunday, the temple of the goddess Shrik~ was built by Thakur and HajA.varaja, the two sons of ThA.kursinha, the father, and Bakshepi, the mother, for the weUare of the parents .

Oh friend, all people become very attentive to the plain poems of Kalidaaa; What wonder is there? . He had blessing from the goddess SrlIdlikA.

No. 37.-ON A PILLAR IN THE OLD TEMPLE OJ!' SOHANATHA.

~55ft\Uitpq("ICl(~I .... 'hllillt1'fi(iijijeli!ih"q(lltldtij·"«:, '(\It ~ ~ 4, ~ ~1(tfI"tll"q(lltl8t\1it"ldldl<lqett«JStjq('f!"~Tilnni'~sstt ~~

May the pilgrimage for seeing Someshvara bear fruit. In the year 1541, in the dark fortnight of the month Bhadrapada, the fifth day, Monday, may the pilgrimage of the son of RevA. and Sitarapala, of the lunar race, be fruitful.

No. 38.-0N A PILLAR AT THE DAZIR'S PARGAH AT VIRAWAL PATTAN • •

fi'rnfit~r",«(t¥{ij .. 'I.. \<"(, ~>SUqol~(l (" ~lSt"Nit"~'I"lq~«ra:r~Ifrnlr.r-

Ii1tf(l~dt4lqf{~~~ICl'fi(tI.d('n"'f:ift;Rrq~Ch"'Cl(Cl') .. tIdll~tn( ~Cfi~~'1d"'f"r~

~ . ~ -~~ it H ..... ij

"'\ ij"fd:q~I<'I(1Ptf"1 .. ,(I q"(¥{(\1d~~(I'fi Cl«lPS(iI$lClI(1"'f.tfl~{Chtf¥{$l'c<tlijlil ~d": I

~dl"t""(li\l~qftldl'f(¥{(qClotf"¥{ldl"'I(Clled"''frdl¥{(41I~oCfilfltl'fq'fldl'f(illlamti'f"Tl('5Cfi"'fI\tdli1l1~(l~~oqCfi(ll1tTlijf~otfChtflc{NI~;qCharl("CtlC{~f~ifmif

With the name of Allah who is the kindest of the kind. In the year 1862 of the era of Vikramadittya, in the month of Shravana, the bright fortnight, 8th, Friday, in the town of Shrlpattanasing, and in the kingdom of 8hri Brahmadasa, Behrafarid, son of Behram Mohammed, surrounded by Haibat Malik, son of Khan Dafor; Malik Shah, son of Badrahim; Malik Sher, son of Malik Shesha, all commanding a fourfold army. attacked Brahmadasa Vijaya, and having fought

B 686-4

ii

with hfs mat.1).Y Sghting men died to ttbe Ae1d; His grandfather W88 BahuralJb ..

~~, Kohammed; grandmother, Dolutbi; great grandmother. ubi; . sou, Oassim i matmnalgnmdfathw, &Pu Ali; maternal tmele'a lOll. J8hanF; J)BterDal uncle, Raj!; his BOD, Syed ; ana Adam, his Bon. .AD were in the town of Shrisiddhanatha.

No. 39.-05 ... SQUAD 81'On A'1 TBB LA.BOB GATB OF SOltA1UTB PAl'TAf{.

II »A}.,B\\ilCi.,If! nlP;pr:ftl1n'q- II ij~ij\Ql~i:iUIdilcctij,e, .. c.iiI"'i(ll ~'tiilcRdt4fq"'1h~' ~ II t II fqij"IS4r-tteqctPrIt',I1"'ifi(~CU"R~~~5"""it(q·ijqij~ It ~'iMlt "'(tI(4{S<"'lq~t(.,(feifOqfr.r"lol:R1(Rtft1~ill~ql'iNq: II tt II ~~ .... ", IcmtEfsq\ft'fUit iflhlliit :Cfiq"_d I ¢it4'I Cfie I til" IQ: "~'I it ('{iISij 1t1~i:1 ql~it o:q(4··'Ufill.C f ft=cJ,iji{ Iqq I i(Cfi"I(qICfiI(rf.tU;:~ II ~ " ssftffilt., I q I q d"l M@ 'l4«iftuft!J~SC¥lfItt II • iJ~I(OI\ll .. ild(~t}1(i\ftrnt=qqdi 11 & II ~iJti~~~:\fifiM\1qCI Rt!i<~UI:~: II a(t1ltlft, :\1l{~q~"lltlftt"'!i(I_I\liCfi{~(;9:(\1iq~"1 (tit:~ II , n CIt tla'~fld+tti~\ifltl"lI~~lfI~dq""~~lijl~dlijfwi"(d(iiJttll"\;IQ~: n ar..q~fFt~ "1"'1'lo~~fli"l-6lltl61:ql~I',!,(iiJI:;qelq(~a:E(?!a:qQl~~ II (. II ~~£(Cii_IlJi i'tI~.Tr"¥4ld·"I'ICf€lI"~ II ~~<I( .. tl<q~ffi~"l!t4qt4tliiilqifl\1ft:l1l \9 II ~\Tr-Q' t(ij(q ~Cfil qOlh""ofi~Rtlt+tltj~A(d ~a<I~ "(d( II l':Ji{iQftij Iq lei ",oll'ieS;'\t'5"2q~:~ ~:SJ'dU!idl~oq .. Rtd II ~ II ;I",q .. ns:qm'll"da~:q~~r " ~ {1;f("I!lHfd 1~"'lHtn .. dElI: II ~ ""'141 "t'H11S 1~I~fiq'l6qI6Itl\1ttll~tj Ir€Pftrfr;;u'tir ~Oll qOI !!(£(I Itqq 1It'IS 41-1.11 ~f(psrttl'l'dq~ l'i'j(qij :ssfI t w{1 s;R:i~:ffit~lqqtl4~ eliftj"{61~jl)I: II \ 0 II qlQl<t itlt.l(.li{I~(~(~17oi~'1lq\S cll!i~~.., I~ o iQ"l ('I ii.i{"'ld "" 1'l'1'ff II II ~ \ (I .. nt:q-;yf.tf\:nd'q le{l~'t§I~t{I~~~ It Itt ~ 1.''Idd~IPI."fClg;t'lI''lqifl'd~:~~q'l'ftAdE~'I(I'i{;)1it 11 \ ~ " qWtd.It1{11 di'i "'f4:ql~k="'(:~1tr~~(1 qqqifilUffi;: II trrip;lti( 19I{"'fllCfitfnJlf-i{~ II'al mq;nf.t:_icilA,Qt{1I1t~daitffT~= II ~, II ffm(+tIii~e:~~(IOi1"'lqli~>efR{liiqcn {I;Cfif~U(OQT: II ~qijdl{0Ittl(q'fftflt'qlifi61~IA~'1S1t1!: II 'V Ilda:~dtl~IiiI'I.~~ ifrvm~nd 4i'Ift1 waif fi:;lfl'l~: II q to ft14 !i{!l'JI.I~Hfil'fleICfii~"1 q~~~rit \CIT II " II mfbl=qilCfi"'~dqI{IIiiMo(l(1q:qif\C<Hd~;{8"Ziij~~fOn'ld 1411 m ifa .. i41"1"I1f%tf.i~: ~fd4eqll~f{<t..,ql~~r~: m"'ft ,~ n II \ ( II ~r+t(I~eql~;;fqe~Uj"'{I::tiCfiUt'd~ II ~ffiifi<qdeMiM ;;m~fd..,q'.I=t"II' IS II W~rflQ:rttj~~i3Jie 1t!:!1 '1(lll"' ...... ;:]SI qft ..... ~~~ {~t'fll ftt illdll{I'(q"2i:f~lqle"1 r'it<:rtJrm~flfit{f~ftm~d I q I'I~ II' ~II im:l{'iilj« tq'l ~ q 1~t~ &ICflI (~'11 %'i iCfi II ~ Cfi'1 CfI« k'l4J &I«(i ttr:'1j'il (4 I eq .. ~ II ,~ II ~i'qq(4RPtql H i(1 \1 iii I dt{tl'Rqar.:tm.l€.4r: ~ a1 ;qmq: II iflC;:q RHi bI"II¢>Jt'f'i I(CflM~~ Eq'ftft~ 1 R!4CfiI q II '0 II aH~~i'~~~~44 M(IIiit14 d~q II '3 '3ta:qiJ._ ~"H1\q Cfii;g I ~II" II ~~rifl1tkr~f~:~ II 'r:iII'l1d(g;tiCfi(qIl3

JNSCRIPl'IONS iT DEV! PATTAN, &c.

iii

iticr~~M<I"''tf~~I~qJ1f II " ,,~rtfoqlil\ditd~"!:'J(4di'Cfq~d:~: " orcntfu:rT1t~~

• 'h:'iN~"'I::t~CfM"'I'I~: II" II ~'~T~:e'l\i1AIf q'~

~ ~

;t II "~I~ql~.itICfde· • ': " ~ ~ " dt<4I'i"'Cfi14< ... q~i1jlJ

~l'4R1qtJ'i"'iI<4lijO("'11IT II <4t<4lc'l'if:e~"dl'lN'IWCf~e~I\i1<4I'1le~'1I(qIM "" II ~1ftofla'llf.firo:~~~: II ",·itl<4dlt<4ill~rcror~~J1r ~ '" (II ~7U~Rqii(~tSqqftl'd4(f'lift:4 :~~t:4'1ld;fll~ lIl{.ql~(I'if'qn:"td ... 4.,t:U1~: :sr't rfl~qqm<41fll\i1!\;w;'1I;:q: II ~\9 II amitcq(q(l{tij!!<4I4(tlOfdl<4d II =qietW'4(ii1lt~I(I~ . ftt{~rtI'('lIifiiijfl~« ~ (j\i1;:q'~lretd;sfi'l<4 I~oifl'tf I ... q~ Ic.m.q~ijqdfl~~ II {!il1t{J1ro~lNTcrl~l!~","stid~(I~~f(I'Ild~tI~td<4lifi'm~: "'~ II R:~~ q~ ~~ifiPt~ 1i1l~(lifi~~"tct!l\ffl4li: II 6l'if;:q;fl(M~cfii1d\1CCfe'l'l'''' I' It'd '4'i(~q~(t:411 ~: II \0 IIl5IN'uftl ... ~t6:e~ijlftl"'''''lc'lr..«. II fJ\fUflI"''''I''IRftitflr;r-q~",~ II ~ql~qifil,,~~e'l .. itbd"':If«JW~ " r.tic<4t<4e~'i<4~I"'Cf~"~cci~r~~r ~r: II" II "'·1(leuR"'I<4dl'~~O(sa.T'lu<rt~~~i~{lT~:~{I~"i\~lqd II ~fi{:~(lqij\i1'fllfl:ql~<4tt~lq"d<4(cfirctfruq'I'<4"dRnarrr'1ruv;:_I_liifiltffl II " n ~ =iflCh~~red"tR~I~~ 'iQi\1t~ra~~"4i~eq t'a~ lieCfltiQifi: II ~fbiq~:~rnIl~ ~~~dlql~'Sfl'Rd{Cf<4~~~<4""d~18«I""'~i{: II'~ " el~(qflj .. ;:u~~~(lffiJ' ~ff~r6IACfI\1I{{q'f: "iNli'Cl~P3W1Ptddl"'dqrfltr;rrqI6~effili;:j II \, n ",ffl.iHI~I~ir'~~~f.tq+r161'" id~ ~:q~I(icfirMt~8l II arq"4", .. '1Ptf rtqe.JOI Mtd t('1~~ .:cc{§~~'CfCfI~"c:fil(e1!tt" ,t: 1I·<4c(jq!l0I .. cit"'~~I-3~<416(Cft1(q~ Ill .. q('1·'I~,"ql'a II fcliit4'4(;tqdd~{~~1~~~ltsi'dlilRr~ "~\9 " ra.Jtdl"~ifiJidl~ ~ij{'Ii' fi4qcCfitRl*, ~ffi'{~~~C<Jlfi!~ II ~~ ('1 Jl"'HIOIi~:~t'IlIT{! ~'md"\1jii~~~~cIT!P1: II \c:" II ~ifi~"I~~Ne"'fi1fffir~~rfitff 'f'~~~~R: cnRr~ II q-~~~: Iff.R;~1''f1~I(dl(lq(l.il~'ii''''fic;qlqq~q~'6(alqt'aql~~u'if'U\i1'ircrr 11'~ II ~~'1ij~I~I.qtioql~Ii1ld{tql~ ~ql\l~",{t~I~: II 8 0 II dTt\ttr~:~rr1rrml6'{: II ~{: iin:r~~~~: ~: " 8 t II ~nro(i5Cfi1I<4'1Ii1il;rtJr~q<fi{~~ftdi~q: II If~~~-lit~g~~l'~;rr ~~(Cfs:tqlqij"''!trM II <n~<ft«"IT{ff'f1OJlfcna~::srNa{~: II V, II ~:~{m~"'I'Ie~q:ttil('11~4~ffid"dm~~~~: II "1T""lJTfff~qc<T ~N~'<4~i~"'<4~lSllq:;ft:qq-Iffffirl"it~ft(jm~<rr~ II 8 8 "crfficftcntr4irr~{T A~'rTl('Ij'Cfcfi~ti~of:fJ~"'(I;.qll'Wt.ifl'1rlor!la)~d'~~rqr~lT,q II it~Cfr:srl«rm"~1RQ'~ itfnfffiCl1q ... 1 PfI' ql ~ : l51?'tCU lil sst q '1'4 M\i1 q-:ifil Rd ij Sf qm II \! , " it~~fd'it3UIT1Pm;:~Ifr

... i{f~6~~"'lfllI' "P3'11 ... 4drwql{.fila"I'Ilti_I(~loifq'lI"'1 II vt: II If{~~~~ij'q' ifil~ " u<joicffi1 .... (tlqi~iPt d~<I'L0lfti('iMiq(I<401i: II ~~N;rcmRcrox .'iti<4~ II 8\9 II f.l""rttdqdIPhifii~'lt'lp.,6T4dl\1ifi~~(q~lq~'4Cf'lftt~T II ffircf

• c • " '0 "~~~'I'fff.t~

~ ~ ~

. ~1\1qi"'"4i1i~ II vcn1flftqial"r~"~I~di\1(Clq~q,ij ... ttI~d ... i " ,~ II ap..r<n'-r'ITq~<U~lT

iv

INSetiIPnON8 AT DEVA PA'l'TAN, &c.

asstrA~ldltI(qCl It Ift"(IUIiC4')1:q·~I~~: II \1ddqfttf\\cll'i~ dlq;Qql-itf'l''td61P1E1,fttf.lq r,.~d ~~ " ~, II mss1'lIt(I{I\l1~'(ilJt(ilJ\1(\: II iftia41,ql"'lau~\tUIUUIICli{: II ,\ II Pii6l . ~_II,,~qICfiI{I~hlqq(ta i6:(qI"~ II ~lqq1;Q(tfltddqll5ftcfi6Cfilqr~1'ilC441ICfiI(t1.I{Ulitltlql'a!~tCfiBl'{41'" II t'ctfl1IA(rnit ffi\{CJPINa.(eC(l '\ "tfcf ttl "~1 q I '31'0:(1'" ~q I Q(1iU (fl C4a II ~ a II

'SilN~ql%ieqqldla m '\9\9\ iifT eN 4'\11\4'441 < ftf.t

Salutation to the beautiful Ganes'a, and to S'iva, the representative of the three gods Brahms, VishI;1u, and S'iva (in the shape of 51r~).

1. We worship the highest principle, the only cause of the five principal sacrifices, and the support of a. collection of (mental) principles, and that which can be described (only) by the mind, intellect, &c.

2. May he, who is mixed up with the three worlds in the shape of sky, air, fire, water, the earth, the moon, the sun, and the soul (support of lifo, ~""'{) i he, the lord of the highest heaven, who supports on hIS head the heavenly ( Ganga) of equal beauty with }>arvati, and who is consequently the subject of ridicule by Parvati, may he give you happiness.

3. The succession of the glances of Laxmi, contracted on account of the rays of the emerald jolting on the breast of Krishna, who wears the colour of a glittering cloud, dimmed on account of the fatigue of enjoyment. which on account of their contractedness are a ground ufon which goodness of heart is treasured, and which resemble in form a flame 0 the wild fire which consumes the tree of misery. may· this (succession of glances) aUgDI.ent your riches.

4. The line (spire, perha:ps,) of the temple of Somnltha ap~rs here like the forefinger of the earth, pointing, as it were, that this town of S'iva has beauty unequalled by others.

5. This town is the Ictus-like fBOO of the earth, the place oft decoration for all kings of the earth, the store-house of all ornaments, and is much regarded by S'iva the enemy of the demon '.t'ripura; this town, which was created by Chandra (the moon) when the extremely difticult act of destroying the earth ( ~) was accomplished, shines in the neighbourhood of the (treasure of waters)

ocean.

6. This town, :which is inhabited by .sacriJicers comparable to Brahmac1eva, the sky over :which is clouded and made purple by the .(s.acrificial) smoke, which is the sporting-place of the three Vedas, which being a town S'iva, who has a half moon on his forehead" offered it, after honouring Brahmins, to the eight tutelary mountain-gods, and to the sixty-four deities of arts fortheir Batisfaction.

7. He that is the banner of the well-known family of the ShA.ndillyAs, and whose family is knOWD by the name VaStrakula. * In sacrifices performed by him th.e gods find shelter, and who deserves, therefore, the name-Knower of divine things (~).

8. By his (Daineadnya's) blessings Mula Nripati, the king of Anahilapura, having destroyed other kings of the earth, long enjoyed a kingdom void of all

-This sbloka is Dot clearly understood.

INSClUl'TIONS AT DEVA PATTAN, &C.

v

enemies, and solely subject to himself, and which (by its being excellent) shows Indra to be poor: he enjoyed with his sons the power which he exercised only for the present meritorious acts.

. 9. Ganga who has assumed the form of a stream, and who has risen from the soles of Vish~u.

They, the ornaments of glory, were set forth by Mularaja with Virasina.

10. The illustrious Mularaja, the head-jewel of the three worlds, established large and small wells, lakes, hermitages, palaces with terraces of gold, houses of Brahmins, villages, towns, water-places, and sheds, which bestow fame, wealth, and merit upon princes.

11. While he reigned, the sky appeared like his one umbrella on account of the dust on the whole earth being thrown up by the hoofs of his horses.

12. This king having ascended to the home of the lord of the gods, Uddandaraja, the thunderbolt of the hostile mountainlike kings, became king, who made Shri Madhava the friend of his father, who regarded him kindly, his great (prime) minister.

13. That rampart was well defended and strong which was erected on the borders of the town by multitudes of windgods, from the dancing of whose wa.ves was born Pashtltkara, the a1'IIly general of the king (Uddandaraja), and for him S'i va having first effected the suppression of the demon Tripura, firmly and fearlessly established the goddesa" of strength born in the family of Shoehi.

14. After him succeeded his son Durlsbharsje by name, who resembled Shankarat in as far as he destroyed the Cupid-like kings. He having thrown his glances against wicked men, bore the hereditary load of protecting the earth, which is always imposed upon kings.

15. After him succeeded his younger brother, who was a favourite of all kings of the ~rth, who was surrounded by the fame of his own family, who was the embodied lustre of prowess. In the towns of his enemies a series of the footmarks of a lion: reddened by the blood of goats appears like an ornament.

16. The only hero on the earth, and full of the joy of pride-the only hero

on the throne § _ _ _ _ _ _ He was the enjoyer

of .the hard embraces of heavenly women § __

11. After him reigned }Iahakulapati (the lord of a noble family). His reign was productive of comfort to the world. He having conquered the enemies by means of his valour, shone very brilliantly _ _ _ _ _ _

18. He having won the glory of victory over kings, brought the whole earth, covered with brave men, under the shadow of one umbrella. By him the earth obtained protection, as if it were, from the lord of gods. And all the agitated enemies were reduced to Bubjection and peace.

• Mythology unknown.

t Shanb.1"8. ill described as the destroyer of the god of love .

• : The figuro iN not understood. Perhaps it means lions, the exponents of valour And glory, were freely wandering in thn town8 of his enemies.

§ Very inc·lIrrnc·t.I, written.

B 686-.

VI

INSCRIl'TIONS AT DEYA PATTA!f, &C.

I

19. While he was yet leading the life of a king, and while his valour was characterised by the capability of protecting the three worlds, KumArap8.1a was born, who was not to be surpassed by anyone on the earth in good qualities.

20. (Incorrigibly confounded)

21. He the banner of Indra, as it were, having descended to the earth ascended to the top of the tree (of knowledge) of the Vedas by destroying the other little shrublike princes.

22. The renown of the glory of ,this prince's valour was like a Howing stream of ambrosia in the moon. It shone like a wreath of lotuses in the reign of ShrilullarajA. who succeeded the above prince.

23. His monument on the earth, the index of his well-known valour and prosperity, was a mansion for Someshvara called Meghadhvani (noise of clouds), constructed by him.

24. The son of LullarA.jll. was an excellent prince, born by Bhsma, and a friend of the heroic King Bhima. This prince, called Valla, was the ornament of the whole male creation on the earth, and was tlie full moon risen on the ocean of the splendour of the kings of learning (learned men ).

25. He had an illustrious intimate friend, called Jayasifiha, who was born to adorn the world, J ayasifiha's son came to Valla, and having obtained the prime-ministership, added grace to his son, Prince KumilrapAla.

26. He (Prince KumArapA.la) married a princess, and was graced by her as much as Chandra (the moon) by Rohiai (a constellation); as much as S'iva by Uma ( PA.rvati) ; or as much as VishJ;lu by the lotus-born (Laxmi). By this queen was born Shridhara, the moon that causes the multitudes of ( night) lilies to open, the lilies being his own family.

27. The King Bhima had his fame as bright as the white lotus whitened by an overflow of the ocean of milk (~~). Diseases never afHictea him; he had a fresh council of kings around him ; and he was the only object of reverence to all ascetics.

28_ (Extremely incorrect.)

29. (The first two quarters. of this shloka are quite indistinct; they mean, however, that the King Bhima above described being the regent and guardian) the Prince Shridhara was by his sight (as grave as) the ocean ; by his power he was Brahmadeva, by his fame he was like Rama, and by his beauty and form he was ~ ( Cupid himself).

• 26. His fame is like a white flower on the flood of the ocean of milk. He was never subject to diseases. His council was praised by all kings of the earth. Such was the King Bhima most respected by all pious persons.

• 27. He was of the same line of princes who are highly famed for generosity and who were extremely popular.

• 28. This king resembled the moon in lustre. He resembled fire in brilliancy, the god of riches in wealth ; in look he was as grave as the ocean, and in powers

• These three verses have been retranslated, for they have been better understood since their rendering was sent up.

INSCRIPTIONS AT DBV A PA'l"l'AY, &C.

TIl

he was always like Brahmadeva; in point of fame he was like Rama, and in beauty he was another Madana.

29. He was the only cause of the increase of all prosperity. He was of unparalleled reverence, and was superior to all gods. He was a treasure of goodness, and the fame of his strength reached the skies. He lived for the ri se of goodness, and W8B an • ancient personage.

30. Though Shridhara (Lord of Laxmi, i.e., VishQ.u) he had no 'abode in Vaikuntha ( abode of VishQ.u); though omniscient, he has no knowledge of the ignorance of his soul; though Ishvara, i.e., mighty ( S'iva), he was no enemy to Cupid; though Indra (strong), he was no killer of V ritra demon.

31. The feet of this lord, which were like Kamadhenu (the celestial cow who gave all things desired ), may give me what I desire. His truthfulness, dread, liberality, and fondness for sweet words were so great, that Shesha (the thousandheaded serpent who is the throne of VishQ.u) has his mouths always extended for

praising him. .

33. A cloudy dark day was turned into a fair day, the cuckoo was turned into the swan, the Jumna was turned into the (white) celestial Ganges, the throat of S'iva (blackened by the poison Kalaldtta) was turned into a borderplant of the ocean of milk, t Krishna was turned into VishQ.u, and a mountain of lamp-black was turned into a mountain of snow; and even the (black star) Rahoo was turned into the moon, when his fame reached the earth.

34. (Quite indistinct.)

35. When Brahmadeva saw the town in which the three worlds are concentred, he, the creator, smiled with surprise at the thought that there was no single town like this in the whole creation.

36. He was a mighty hero who by his two feet illumined the three worlds, •

and I (the poet says), who was S'iva and Valmiki in my former births, often

sang his praises.

37. The auspicious praises of his qualities S'i\"a always, on account of eagerness for hearing them, sings, and these praises which delight Brahma are now shining in th~ mouths of poets.

38. His brilliant fame shines on the tusks and temples of elephants in the corners of the earth, and on the body of the sun's horse. His fame falls in love with the moon, and dances (every where ).

[Latter part unintelligible.]

39. The plant of his fame has for its bed all the three worlds; it has climbed on the tree of heaven ; it has sprouts in the shape of accomplished and

* Purport not intelligible.

t Whitening.power of fame is here described.

V1ll

INSC1lIPTIONS AT DEVA PAT'l'AN, &C.

qualified persons; the moon is its full-blown flower, and the numerous stars are the fragrant pollen dispersed into all the quarters of the sky. May that plant flourish which has its roots in Moolaraja.

40. (Quite unintelligible.) It purports nothing more than that his fame is widespreading, and that his powers, which resemble the eight points of heaven, are great.

41. With these powers, which are honoured by the whole world, he moves like the Bun. Shridhara shines with his own lustre, is the lord of three worlds, and a treasure of mercy.

42 is not in the text.

43 contains an indecent image, and is not quite clear. 44 is also quite unintelligible.

45. (First part not clear.) By him Shridhara was appointed to live in the town of S'iva, and to protect cows.

. 46. There were in this town very good Brahmans, who underwent the penances enjoined to Brahmanas, who could prolong the inhalations and exhalations of breath, and who were the home unique of good qualities; who were the ornaments of the earth, and' gods on earth; who might be considered to be the ocean of Shruti (revealed texts).

47. For the sake of prosperity, and for the favour of S'iva, he began to perform the Vainai penance, at which there were Brahmanas very devout towards S'iva and engaged in the worship of the god. They themselves were incarnations of Vishnu,

48 and 49 are missed in the text.

50. His banner is spread constantly on the borders of the earth, and is honoured by all the subjects, because it keeps them always in peace. He perpetually offered incense to gods in heaven, and constantly gave pleasure to those on the earth and in heaven.

51. (First part indistinct.) .

The good fame of the king, which is honoured by saints and ascetics, is the essence of all good fortune.

52. He then, the enjoyer of the wealth obtained with difficulty by chancehe, a descendant of the lunar race, pleased the people extremely well. Though gods considered themselves wise, they began to doubt their wisdom (when they saw him).

53. There was the family preceptor of this prince called Jimtitavada (whose delivery was as loud as thunder). He was accomplished with good qualities.

The temple of SomnMha is completed; may prosperity attend it.

54. The temple of S'iva is finished. Now for worshipping the feet and establishing him, VishI).u himself was present. When the name of the god is heard, all sin is absolved, and also sin is removed by seeing him once.

This inscription was engraved in the year 1773 of the era of Vikramadittya, in the dark fortnight of Vaiahakha, 8th day.'

'KACHH 'INSCRIPTlm:S.

IX

.No. 40.-0" tl;e P,idllkd of a Jaina Gor]] flit Manra ill Kuehh,

:11 l5fltlfiRfIWflff;tlr:1I U a-ssit 19 ~~r.rql{j\i'q

:11 sa;jt~Wf{jA' mffif~~
• ~~(i5'I'3 I ~ Of!. \ \9("\9 qij

.t'!lfI3Im<lfj ~~
~4T~~ fl1"Ofmtl~
iit:srr 19 ~ mOlfTRrT
~ II ffil!l~ .salr 19 siRr:sr1
.~~~~U ~1raTf\:r1iQ"
~r 19 mrftr (ffr«~~
\9~~ In~<nrtl
m I «cr«_ ~<o \ cr~~rCfir RlCfilfl(t I ~ \ 4. ~~~ '0(" m-1I~ql~CfiI ~'qmll.qr~~.: H Cfi""'IOllftTtf~II

No. 41.-1n the temple of Manadeva Nilalainilu: at Bnrai, K'fr7.h. :11 ~~~431(i5j~~q~~~tm

~I ttiitt.,~:;rI6U~q-l ~ \\9~~ .. ~.:n"'!ii~: \9 ~ .1 ~lfI6J<I\3"~~~r~qli I ~~ildql~"~d({\4~fli<I\1f<j{}1~r.r~~ ·dlfWf~q{ji14W{i~dCfiIWf~iI<I'{f14~~1rcrr II ir~, ~~~~Rr~\ttC4!l~?fi1nft~ m~~l\f(zt14(J1aCfi(je .. ~ \ 19' ~

~~ . ., ft·"

...-rai{f~ ~tt~"tl~:a"3 1 ~1<i15I(i5jUd'lif

~(~<~~ql{l'!itf II ir~ql~""I~~tlfiliCfi<If?~ll{d

~~. flSfCfilcfi1 \ {I'd >sit:sftl{ '®l<tifRif~~~ ~,,~i!f:;r \ ~q;mrr~'itqTT~~f1<~

BHADRES'VAR bSCRIPTIONS.

No. 42.-111, a back Teom in Bhadres'vara Temple.

<tf~d~~I'1"'liil'i1J~l5ftlTur~aUOI(~~nm~tftd"'I\:f~ ~~J1rssfl'{r1Jffi lIt« l:q +f ifl f.f(oft -qffi"ir.J~~ 'Sfflq 114 14'~~~-+f31"d~d ICfifi«rJm~--.fI{AJJ

nt .. ql(4f.rttt:q:q~qr'f"- -- - - ~;q'(r;f~dT

ift(~ 1~~CliI"J'"Jl- - - - - -_. q-~TWfl1l'

II ".,fi - f;

x

BHADRES'V.O\R INSCRIPTIONet.

No. 4.'3.-0n a pillar in Bhadre:lva.ra Tentpl~.

~~~~O;rmaTm~~{I'1M'q(~ ffi ft-~'fIUU-~ m:rda~ctilfiQOq IOil~q{11ii

-----------

---------

No. 44.-0n the base of (,c pillar in the Mandap .:'

m ~\~~ <{\ aj~lSf1~"'i"t t'5lq'1ilfi~m WrRlSftq~ 'f(rUSfn~UIi1"

~~ii\<fi ~{aT'O ~ Mliiq~<4t!r'Uffi" ~~~ ~~

~q~ftll1:.l ~ f.t(IU"I{lcqffilHfijrq'1l:qilfil{qf~ftlJ ~~'f~M~(ftl¥iuntl~(fsa;ft ~ ~ ~ '~ifT?1s{~ - ij q.~lqr.(C\ilfi~~ulI~ql~"!;ft a;'ruf}t\~ {~iOil¥i '{11,"M4 - - - ~~U I ~:

~1ft1¥i (I {(Iii ~ c6R" ~ l1T\'fg

No. 45.-0n a piUar in the bdc7c corridor, Bhadres'var Iaina Ttmpl, ....

~~ ~ ~ ~ \i ~ ~~,~ ~ c-., VWl ~~r~~'f1lrssii'tlt'5ql~

;rm6rN'f(T - - - ""~~ cfr~ - - mfh II.

- ~qf<l~tl~IH~Tfbr

- qqr~iJ{rc\T~~ - - -

(f~r ~cr:qr:rr~ - - ~: ~

;pf ltd \i4l«t \itt «I ,,~ql il( (tq Cfil ~u@ifdqifil"Moci I ~- -~~~ qy~~:~

ftlq4f.l1~(ij'''I'''ltlt<l''dSf - en., q10;(tq1 q 10iffcu fltiCf -

......

~:wm--

~~tcfd4Id"lttr

. . it.... . .

tffCfl'dJq(Cfl'dICfICf «dCfUlffi

m~'2tqf'llfll{ti4lql:;s:ija-~:

No. 4(;.-On tM same.

:11 (Olm,,6fl ~ 11 tCffta'5fl\if ~~~ '<~'''!f m ~~C"o iff ~

~ttCf'(dl Cfi0tt~I~~ \9

01(CfI ;sft;fl .. I(tt ilTT'4'~ m- (lunaft.,I(litttf ~r- - - CfrfblillqlUd! ctim----~

~ - - - - - (14'j(tiif«1'lsm

No. 4:7 .-On a column. in the. C01'1'itJ,q,..

~ ~,\C\cft m ttPfI ~ Cfil:q I~Ch4f ~~dloq: \ftlr ~: CIiTfuf:

No. 4:R.-On another.

~----q~ il~-- ---en

~~----~ ~~ - - - ~flij[:

No. 49.-On a third.

BHADRIS'V AR INSCRIPTIONS.

~ t~~\ t\IiCfl\l4 ~ (·jhll"ild~ iITT~ - - «:.qlqrctqJl - - - --

i1\1~id"'I---- -- --~~~~-----c-~~------N'fllfli1l~edltQllild(q - - - - --

---- ftf: ---------

No. 50.-011. a paUya in the Village of Bhadre,' oar.

~~'~~cN~1I

it c-., mit ~ - - {{Ot{f " ~~--tRf~o

'It c:

iiT-- ol~i1fcl urit~:

qR~ffi ~ ... - - fl1t"(qr " ~--~--~---~

'II t.

---;rorr --_._-

No. 51.-0n a Paliya in the Village.

~f'~~~CJ~ittnu---~ ~-9t--~

'RT - - - - fiirfur :

No. 52.-On another Pdliya.

- -- ------ -----

.... --~---------

-- - --- ..... ---.

%iii

No. Cia.-On afourt"'. ~\\\acN~~("

_ ........... -- .... _._. ..

-- ... _-------

--- ... _--- ... _ ....

,

- ------

--------

No. 54.-On a Sati atone.

~\,~,~------

----------

- .... ------------

No. 55.-On tAe K'W1lilftlall BktJdrss'var.

'5(f (UliJRafl ~ ~alC: j(q-trnft

f6~~ ~ !I4Q::qftf.n $ -h(Oflqi J5Tl

- l'I1 ttl (I iifI 41 .. , ~I

-...-_---....,.

No. 56.-Inacription at OhokOlRda MahaiLeva, neat" BW.,.el vaT, Kachh, taltenfrom Bkad.,.ea'var.

~~ifi"\1""'_ ~ ~~, eN ~'IifIi;V~ \ 0 ~'6Itc4i6"ffi("'\1qef\"\1'1qlqIRl4tSP«"!/tltC::Ullt \WSqlC$CifiI~~d\1Jttd(l"'I .. 4t A(J flt d Jt(I(I;jf1 ~mJ\4\~ f4-tirl"f~,:rqifiCC'" Of ~(Cfi~ ,.arctftt "'1'14 ffl(J '_""'Cfi ~ &1cpfJt M" .tWlilqfttd4 ... qRt(d,,\~qd,qCifi

.686-D

XlV

BHAD8ES'V AR INSCRIPTIONS.

• q I O1fct."q(I~lacq"qljNi1flI'itlq '1(1'1 l(q ~ 1(1{ Cfi...rt .-.nCfi(OII~l~i4lafr.ta it~8~a ~OJ:CfiI eqCC~"M.m~an(1oqf iJi~fdq:q."eijql"(~pq~elffiE5'-'(ifi4-tttCfirdij"RTf I 'l"to~'qRriJ~oG(,l"l~ q:q !ieSffdSfll\1I(I~~ijqc" -{Cflft-q(ij~"(I(I"'~"4d1Ro~o.a,ftqr~~(ql~Cfilfta"'fCCd(aCClq"'fa~PC4\--tt

'ij(q~~:Sf"'I~'3C'4lcc"'l~r - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~ - -.fiij(r( CfilijIOltcm:{f~:

irq"'f"'laf.lii'Mi1ccA~\1l\doq1~rm: fitpq[tcc(lq Sf~~qCC

No. 57.-0n the Temple oj Bhavanes'vara at Bkava4, Kachh.

U~~\8(~an~ ~(citoq ICC iT -00 CfUI\Pl oOCfila,~ -~.-.tt--'6' ~'hql(q~~~6

61 Cfi~ " 1t:t\1~ E(f~CfiII~ :6T.

- -ooCfiI<:CCle~ijOol~: a~~a6oij"~o~ --~o--~

-- - ijOI~fteq~EAi"

- - -or- -- qoqiijijl

...

to--~-~ ol~r

~--erRfT~ f1IldeCC~'1I - - NiqSf31: ~-~

Sfffl cfteq el-:-~II

---------

---------

n Co II Plr-C .. ~.t ... ftt"'itf(<<l'Iftql''''4NiA II

II QrfiitJaf\_lItia.(4tNIU4 : II ~ e4"4P'4ql"turt"«('iif4ql~'" "

11 ""iir.t~I(I~l'i4Ja"PJtf'~Q II , "'4PlIi1Ii1\ti(df~ II lI"ii4~fttn' I ~ .. ~t'4~if'5ft~ II \ ~J5ft~" U if(jfl.ssft~~('I(1ifillaq(if"il(4iq(ar"it:"R: q{ It

II ~: cfi(4~ ~ qlh'tMriU:s CIllh«1 it ~J\Wft1 al~lf" II

II '_"'~(I' II ~1~iflqq~.qkl~.fci'eifta'(linC( II n"NQ.,tG5t1i1q(q'l1\J\R q<I-.fl",qtffiq\"5~dqhlltlli5$ II

II S{@t«lifd(I'il1'iit ~~I(I'iI"'~(jar II d~*tCfiI .. :aarl:t r~ II II ViC~'.t{l5qtl q I't!l( Ii" 1 .. ,., {l5R~~"IQ~ltJ6~~1 II

II S"$:t .... CflWql~q(1~I~lpl .. (t1(I3(~(I"">sfl1Ctql\2diflCfi(QI~~ U II ifdqI6fq(clj{l5161'ti(t'4<tJ«(4"~tll'{t.II<a\3iI'a6{~du'lCfil"S,!" II

II q 1 .. lQlitl'tJr" iilCfii6a flJtCflI( Iitla II J5ft~JII4<q 61 a.,.i1Iift( II

II \\('\9 ~'IP4Uf{\",li·d\:hldfllEtI.,!S;f;".a:q?~mgr It

II lfil(l~d II ~ II Oflt"'3(l"St II (IOlltfl'4Ul"SIEtUI4I{15'II(Ontjlol II II ''''tI~c61(Jt\1ql .. c:Y .. ;aI~ftff II

No. 59.-P,.om, Mount Abu,

~ II q~jq"ill .. t1~ijulI"1i'tM'fl~(lqliq~!J(r'Nr~~~ - - -(t(it"'Ilq(JSq"'\"5q(¥I'if~<t6 .. ,a+t,&qar.t~ff:~~:a~: II ~ " at~r.fi~ il1a iillq~:9I481I~q I uli~l~ f.1ftx1ifT1TT~' Ill!., I II e~ 1i41~«1 rl:t¥t(ti(fl~it~«.ti~(4f11Jili ~~I~II1fff_I'<tCQldqlt;fl(I(¥t''iilq~lTlTf:;r~~t~·<tfor'fmf~:1 '{'fiT ?rVI~=-d \11 q Iti,~ ·f'iil'~I~:\lirrcr:e'iil:;:( I~ *' I 'SI it !jf:ifflaWtq «11!ffi: II \ II ilwrr~~it (I d qtci1t'it ~f.lClIf.l.,.qICfiuq:~ror-4'IaA";*,~(II\lowr II ij IIli1itaffi~!]f(jr\'Hqr tCflld~l\lid¥t"It:dqt<ft II ~~"lT{N;rcrmwr~l\4{(I"I'1r¥t" "" II ~~ itiqi')4i,q:~~~~ I~q~:ir~~~ tlIClltfld(qdq~;(h'<tIi1I~;fftjlil~ II ( II ~ft1I(I"Rdwi{l'cscl1~cr'iflfITfllf: II ~~ qaq\1I'1(\1I~i4 II \9 II C( .. fll'1*'¥t{l5lfltqU~ofr"'lq~M:i1 ... R~~: I ~¥tt05'ii1q ~~crAi!l;ft.." if if PlI'(h;sCfi~4 fR1 ~ ~~ 1«11 it: II < II all off", {(.tqll a(~ fa C(qnt~<fIr

!,"'«(q<>t,=aITtI'1qittCfl&5~~.q<fif(~ .~rf.f

• 4ff~(1 CfilltcnTictiT~ 1'1(, ''iii &Sl'tr i11~srmqm: II ~ II arN.., C( PlIi1 ifi'Il~ it~~:ff «.,artJOii .. ' tlEQI¥d~ .. "'1 d\1 (,q;;,,(ql"S~ltT:(:q' ti 01 q .. :q !JFi'1 <4 ARi ~~~flRl;fl

'lwqlU'!: II to II ~(jullt\I .. ~rqfl*~' ... iiqJttJ\f{~ II n II tr-TJf "'{jd ifi'fffl ~ c: qij I"q I Uq ffi~ I z:rq"'loqi¥t''& Cft<t~iUCfi.,( .. t05~r~t1<;j' f.:ttfi~



xiv

BHADUS'V AB IN8ORIP'1'IONS.

.. qlurfcl\itq(I~ldcqlC{qli'lqoft'l~lq "(I"lcq~I('<CfI~~CfI(Ullttat"ld(f.tditf'~d~"l:.CfiI ~qq~~M_~~dO~ ifi~n, q~i1 (i5¥f q lil~J0C4('(osIme--CCfl4~Cflldlf rat I lito ~lqM """,(OSI oil,lql!\ q~ t(OSq'idqsihtl(1 ;{R;s@lijqilU -{C{*"C4(If~If(I(IIij~""fflPs o~o.-.ftqr~'41',(ql~CflIRd""qd<aqlq""d~"R.aft 'If(q~~:q''i1la e;.",qiiiliffiU - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - ~¥f(lil Cflllfiolfcm:u~:

U~"1iiildfclii?a"1qA~\1rtd~,!~ A~e:~q(lqqiffe1q ..

No. 57.-On the Temple oj Bhavanes'vara at BAav~, Kachh.

U~~\8(~an~ ~(cit~ Iq'4: r -00 i.fUlU¥I"

oOCflIG'~ -il--Jt--'6" ~HfiQl(qc{~~fl

CSICflttl¥f l'Clijc{~Cfij(fa :61'-

- -ooCflIc:ql(OS~dOol~: dt<l~doo~~o~ --~o--~

-- - IfUIC{fl(OSq~6lfi

- - - ur- - - EfoqiiS Ifl

'"

to - -~-~ ol~r

~--'iRTnrt f\ld(OSq~.iI - - Niqqlij: ~-~

sufi cfi~q('5I-:~1

BBADUS'VAR IWSClUP1'IONS.

No. 58.-From Mount .Ai ..

II .0 II \1arr-c"'Cil",e4ftt:qc(CI~c'qdql'~le~ II

II qci\i'ldl\\n~tl("NId1 : II \ ect"Jf~'4ql':ijIOli"«(Wf .. qIPt::q II II !WIIPt~I(i~I~\1d"'I.Jd~d II , ~~ II

II Jtl .. \ifttra I "'I"'lq·:q"'li'l(CIia .. '5ft'~ II \ ~l5ft* II II "(I{li>sft~"4("(lfI'liq( .... tl<cM( .... IlJ\R: q'{ II

1I1ft;R: 4a,4,q~e ... tclci"3iQllM(I"'~~I~I~d" II

II A",q(14 II \{(lficfct.I~fll~ftt~ll",fdlqi~fI$(I"'I", II II ~ ....... ~q( .. tt1t'« q(l~"'lqtdlqeRtaq(iI"l~ II

II Sf~I'I .. a(llitl5d ~1l1(1"_",q(l4! II ai\q;;r:,C6I~:afll:t rssftiN II II 4iRqteq41q~S'I"'I"I ... efts;e;w~"ClC{ntl~4iCfi~r II

II \\6i111 ..... CfiWql'qe'I~I~EqI ... (~(I"'~(I"'ssiAcql\1d.aCfieJl~~ II II :;edqlettl~ea(sI1i('''(U{<tc4 .. ~M411(a\iJlI~'1\JdiJtche~ ... II

II ql"iQiitt~f.tIflCfieaih(cfiI(lftla 1Il5ft~ ... (qela ... it~e:.1l

II '\<- ~flli4ur"\\"IJi .. ~'it~ldflltijr ... ~;r;;; .. ".q(filRlgr II

II Cfil<lftia II ~ II "'f~ .. ~",ea II (follt6f1(1eltijolq'eJlI(oitiUi II II ~"le~cfil(l{\Jqf"C:?"~ltctlla II

No. 59.-F,.om, Mmtnt, Abu.

~ II ~:~6itd"I"f.\~tqjq".I ... (f~~OIl"'lq:{«Iq·I~lqltifftl~<iNllCfi"I"I(¥f~: - - - - U(iI .. qlqe4",et4nql"~(S"'I~"I~qari~:~:~: II ~ II "'I~)iJi~ il1Cii\b4m:s481(;lqlod~~f.fi'l6'l'PTi~'I(il ... i II e,,:qlt{'dR:tif(\1<6t ... iqR'f~("cfl(4dhlq ~I'it l~aECfi~{t"d"'il~'f61~ijq"'I'CtiQld ql t(t(lc4ff::qq~q.~citr~<ffur'fTlTf~:1 ~ ~ol~itaelq~I' ... ·::q·cY\I'l.jfI(d:6imf:6::q'iU~Cfi"Sl4f~'{(h"i"'fq{'dfCm: II \ II i\IWl2it(ECf4f(ldq@fcl ~R<lIf.t ... qICfi~~!I~ .. Rfio%"'I~R*f'iM~ltlciiCfie<lItJ"'l4f II V II ",itddt~?!iI(j"I(t'fr t",ia(t\1idQ ... leq(Cft " Rr~~~J\4«I~I",jlf'" "dt4t"If.l(l(((t4i(~ .. qoq iti~Cfilq:;6tt(Ei4idA"'I~I~CfiA~oll5fl41Pl(I~: I 'lifcl~i{~,qfil~~:1!~~~ ~llSqlaECfaqt'tctwt'fA",~;f'i'qlit~ II ( " ~Y\1I(1"RdECfi~fcsc1l~~hf6TfllJ: II ~~ fh,q\U'C(\tI(tl:q II \9 II ..... ~ .. Cfi .. elJ)fqf~oir ... lq~~f.l"':qRar'iffir~: I at4fe:qq @jifl:;esn<ldi ... i~;ft;tI .. itl~ftt(l5Cfi(iJttdt4~~f«If~: II « II at1"oif"I<{cl~lIenlia .. qffi~(}("Jf"') ~"4<tt101!d~lill ... qi6Cfie~'SI"qlq"'fCIiR~M"I~~,",il"6q~E4("'""IA

• "i~ICfiIl~~iCfi~I~'"'I:ql'6Ra*lI'Cl"JfI\1ql('l: II ~ II aWl Pw", ",\1 i,\l 4i. R .. " :«

(.,Q~Iit"'lq~'~"''''idll .fCiji ... (q(l501lq:ECfI"'ffiq;,::q' ARcf~~I~\1{t;fl

flli'Sqlcil: lito II qCl'ql .. fll;{t~lidlil"::q4q(lqull,.l .. ttlfqd;f<iq·::q~qlit~ II \ \ II IN'l f.\tJa c6iM sf! c: q i f\lq I uq 1~;Na 15tct ... oq i4f"i ~ q@'\finCfi ... \qe~i ... l':\1'i11 f.:tRi 'f



,

XVI

BlIADUS'VAR INSCBIPrIONS.

~i(lf(lij4iEtOlqIEtIOIt46oqlacn;r II ~, II ql""~("1'lrnci(sqI;jf\ .. t;f .. (nl'l!cft~ CfiafCt";;i{~CfilJ;j II ~ \ II ~~Cf{~:iIt4\ifldtfftsflql .. ~1oft4iqa4iqcr~ ~1U.qit IIlfJCflrotfqqlfucMoqf(P1~r'ifql"'l:.IISfi'~~dlal""titiq~ II ~" II ~,,~ ~ ~~ <\ cNWIWV ,<\ ~~~qc#w~"(I(lll1lfCl~I"'JSt1¥tttqa .. q .. t "1"'f.l""q{f~ssi14i(iil"(I~II"I~'f'{o~Edq"t~qft4qqfd.qll .. ffi"1'lq'fk ~~~41{4ildq",<tT{~~~~~~f«' 'i~~sstt~i{Oft~u~a((tf~"~~rmftr.r~ld~t<lif*,Ql~ omur~

,4fcrn~1I

No. 60.-From Mount Abu .

.t~ ~ ("'\9<\ UCI~ ~ \9 80 IAd"ltr.., .. 'md .... 'eQIQ .. mtllSOf(!1r)tN ( ~ R .. ,t«~rw~rCfiI~Et'<fI4i(lcrctssflmU~..,.Wt(j(I .. ;rfl~ ifiiR~q-j"'1fft~_;I .. :q..,~~ .. I~?!~q61"fl~arr~

lit~CftUaft 1II"fllE5I4i(:r~55iJ'2Ii~~(sfRNtl(i{Eto,~~"1~ ~UaTrsSftfl'd"« ifsit~~(f~a;srRiftcroalfq I (lijq{ ~n({f:qd 6

'D 'D

~{6..,~t(~(Irt:ritq-tit~~~~r«"-rmur~Ucfiua1r6cr'Siidu

~uamrwroaTt~qr (llT{ ~ 0 0 0 0 ~4iI(t!4I=titW6<:ra1~a' ~ (If Ucr~ (\9 irU \ (,,{ldl~ ~ ~ ~;fcr ~ \ifil .. ijq'J~~4iil..,q \ ll1;iW1~~ q.., lit .. 1E5 I ~ ;Tlr v ( ;fl~q"'T t ~I{I~'fa .. rl:0~I"ditft«rrlr\3 q~6mt96"

(f t « .. 9' dUlRfrlf,- ,<\ qld'!rCfi("liki~ffiitiU:;man-ti~aTt

Rt .. oftdit(fll"~It!4 .. iftifl(('66cnl\f~UClidit~;ffql'''ICfii''1'l~

iIiT('fI il(tit I 'fid IQ('IR"1r"1' I ~irafti{' U(d I ~61 E5;sfi'fi '(fIWiTU{J'a'l~"';'ai';c:l~~~d""':ii~Cfi-.lI~""'-!'ik

if1frn~ II ~~~;ft(05It!4'

No. 61.-On Dadt Harir'» Wtivat Ahmadabad. ;r4f': i.i tl!""l "1'''' q iq d Iq ~Ri riiit'i'iR •

ft4101 .. 4iOllq .... ~~: ~l'd6'fWor \

Il1ljRlIl1'lt",q~...,;{i ~rl~"""d: 1Rm

Rti: I tf(..,(~faa~<oll"I~+t'qlt""'16ddt ~ i1,,'fil~JlciiR .. ~oi6Cf\el.rI!i{,qch I ~ lit461.fffi: ~Cfi~~"I"'(f: \ ~~ ~ '5ft"i{f\"Ii{I"'i{..,fll(q'l1\11 ,

a... ssft J5ft l5it "(4(clPt",q(II'Sii(,.i.sa:1 -~<~Q("'I~n""6

~Cfi"'tOt't"I{t ~tpqt ~~

"BHADRES'VAR !NSCRII'TIONS.

XYll

ftm~~~~'-~r~rrlqd"'14itl~f I ~~~qaJq~l~oqt1{fm~~ rcwpf'J."qq(I""« s:ft~I~({~ \ ~~(. ~

fiti \ V~ \ q<4~"II'1lql~alla \ \ mTflfCfJtffcm. ~T'fT« II "I'EClI "4if'nlftf1f~T~r ~4i161<4ijlt4iI{JR<4ijl1t<1~itf;g

~fl"'it(l Sit cfl ~ollel"i:q{lctlMn{

~ II a.,.oqtft1dloq(t~1 ~~~ooo «~

;r(~C{ It (tq I ~4~ a'@llq(' n'tR1~~fl.r;ft{(RT t(oql<4rtfti'¥tq~ II ~~Ia;q:q(oU~T~ ;:r ~~I4ifll4<4ltff ~1':fiqdiitM : 1 ~ \c4l'i\)I!lQql;fI(j"I'1~~"'''I\\lqr-r..1 ~ ~ ~~ : ~: 1 \ 'f"{NOl0Q" ti<fiCitI ~~ I qlm I(a 1<41"'1(l"~ltitl("I a;fi<4T clfl~q"~4i~ II V <4i'fifwl.{rrorsRrcrn1tJu1rl\RTi' ql('54i"~Cfi-'!fl ~(I"c{ 1 dtll'IIiI~(I<4~t!"'<4Rla 4qllfl4i(UO ~CfT~ill(oll"(ijlql~la"'lqt;fl(1

No. 62.-Copy oj pa11 oj an Imcripttoon on a Pdliya jooM on the embanT.·fIlrnt of the Malan Wd" at Ge4i in W dgar, Kachh.

~ \\\ eN c.C'q1a.n .. aa<i~,,(fbCntc; .. nll~"I~,.~orqmmcti"'t'f"Tw ~\'.{i"«lolll5fA;r~«tf~Wf(1l(f OSII(I (c{ I tt PI tf(l..,ttoq q( ° 1 ;ft(ifij itrsr ° I~oro I'" ° 1<f~JfCfi~ lIT~~f;r1t«mo

II fj~6-E

·

,

.'

_.

.'



..

..

rNo. 3J :.~.

~r~ltregIggitaI ~ttrtttn gff 'Qmest~i!l'h.· .. ndia.

MEMORANDU~I

O~

THE REMAINS

AT

GlJ~ILI, GOP, AND IN KACHH, &0.,

BY

J. BURGESS, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S., M. DE LA SOC. A~.,

'"

ARCH.'LOLOGICAL SrRVEYOR AND REPORTER TO GOVERXlIE:oIT.

~ombal1 :

PRISTED BY ORDER OF GOVERN~IEST AT THE GOVERS)fE~T CEXTRAL PRESS.

1875.

S c,'

" , ,

", ,',

: '

.

.-:'

, .

,

. ' '.

- ... . " . . " .. , ,', . , .

.

. . . .

.. '

.. :" . .... " ~', ~ .. . .... . .... : .

.. ',', ~

"0 ••••••

. "

, .'

,'.

.. .

. ' ','

You might also like