SECTION 8.

2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS ❙❙❙❙ 1

|||| 8.2 Trigonometric Integrals

A Click here for answers. S Click here for solutions.

1–36 |||| Evaluate the integral. 19. 6

20. 3
x sec 6 x dx
y tan x sec x dx y tan
3 3
1. y sin x dx 2. y sin x cos 4 x dx
4
21. y sec 4
x dx 22. y sec 6 x dx
0
4
3. y sin x cos 3 x dx 4. y cos 5
x sin 5 x dx
 4 4
23. y tan 4 t sec 2 t dt 24. y tan 2 x sec 4 x dx
0 0
2 2
5. y sin 2 3x dx 6. y cos 2 x dx
0 0 3
25. y tan 3
x sec 3 x dx 26. y tan 5 x sec x dx
0

7. y cos 4
t dt 8. y sin  x dx
6
sec 2 x 2
27. y dx 28. y cot w csc 4 w dw

 
cot x

9. y 1  sin 2x 2
dx 10. y sin  cos  d
6
29. y cot 3
x csc 4 x dx 30. ye x
cos 7e x  dx

11. y x sin x 3 2
 dx 12. y cos 6
x dx
cos 2 x dx
31. y dx 32. y sin 4
sin x x
5 4 5
13. y sin 2x cos 2x dx 14. y sin x dx
33. y cos 3x cos 4x dx 34. y sin 3x sin 6x dx
4
cos 3 x
15. y sin x cos 4 x dx 16. y dx
ssin x
35. y sin x cos 5x dx 36. y cos x cos 2x cos 3x dx
cos (sx ) 2
dx
17. y dx 18. y 1  sin x ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

sx
2 ❙❙❙❙ SECTION 8.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

Answers

E Click here for exercises. S Click here for solutions.

3
1. − cos x + 13 cos x + C
7 5
2. 17 cos x − 15 cos x + C
5 7
3. 15 sin x − 17 sin x + C
1
4. 10 sin10 x − 14 sin8 x + 16 sin6 x + C
5. π
4
6. π
4

7. 38 t + 14 sin 2t + 32
1
sin 4t + C
5
8. 16 1
x − 4π 3
sin 2πx + 64π 1
sin 4πx + 48π sin3 2πx + C
9. 32 x + cos 2x − 18 sin 4x + C
√
10. − 83 cos 2θ + 14 θ + 18 sin 2θ + C

2


11. − 12 cos x + 1
6
cos3 x2 + C

3

12. 18 52 x + 2 sin 2x + 38 sin 4x − 16 sin 2x + C

1 
13. − 12 9
cos9 2x − 2
7
cos7 2x + 1
5
cos5 2x + C
5 3
14. − 15 cos x + 23 cos x − cos x + C
3 1 1
15. 128 x − 128 sin 4x + 1024 sin 8x + C

2
 √
16. 2 1 − 15 sin x sin x + C
√ 1 √
17. x+ 2
sin (2 x) + C
18. tan x + sec x + C
6 2 4 6
19. 16 sec x + C or 12 tan x + 12 tan x + 12 tan x + C
8 6
20. 18 sec x − 16 sec x + C or
1
8
tan2 x + 1
3
tan6 x + 1
4
tan4 x + C
3
21. 13 tan x + tan x + C

22. 28
15
23. 15 8
24. 15
5 3
25. 15 sec x − 13 sec x + C

26. 38
15
2
27. 12 tan x + C
3 5
28. − 13 cot w − 15 cot w + C
6 4
29. − 16 cot x − 14 cot x + C
x 3 x 5 x 7 x
30. sin e − sin e + 35 sin e − 17 sin e + C

31. ln |csc x − cot x| + cos x + C

3
32. − 13 cot x − cot x + C

33. 12 sin x + 14
1
sin 7x + C
34. 16 sin 3x − 18
1
sin 9x + C
35. 18 cos 4x − 12
1
cos 6x + C
36. 14 x + 18 sin 2x + 16
1 1
sin 4x + 24 sin 6x + C
 SECTION 8.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS ❙❙❙❙ 3

Solutions

E Click here for exercises. A Click here for answers.

 
  

1. sin3 x dx = 1 − cos2 x sin x dx 9. (1 − sin 2x)2 dx = 1 − 2 sin 2x + sin2 2x dx
   
= sin x dx + cos2 x (− sin x) dx = 1 − 2 sin 2x +1
2
(1 − cos 4x) dx
1 3
 3 1

= − cos x + cos x + C3 = 2
− 2 sin 2x − 2 cos 4x dx
by the substitution u = cos x in the second integral. = 3
x + cos 2x − 18 sin 4x + C
2
2. Let u = cos x ⇒ du = − sin x dx. Then
 
 

sin3 x cos4 x dx = cos4 x 1 − cos2 x sin x dx 10. sin θ + π6 cos θ dθ

 
6   √ 
= u4 1 − u2 (−du) = u − u4 du = sin θ · 23 + cos θ · 12 cos θ dθ
= 17 u7 − 15 u5 + C = 1
cos7 x − 1
cos5 x + C √  
7 5
= 43 sin 2θ dθ + 14 (1 + cos 2θ) dθ
3. Let u = sin x ⇒ du = cos x dx. Then √
 
 =− 3
cos 2θ + 14 θ + 1
sin 2θ + C
sin x cos x dx = sin4 x 1 − sin2 x cos x dx
4 3 8 8

4 
= u − u6 du = 15 u5 − 17 u7 + C 2
11. Let u = x ⇒du = 2x dx. Then
= 1 5
sin x − 1 7
sin x + C  3

2
 
5 7 x sin x dx = sin3 u · 12 du
4. Let u = sin x ⇒ du = cos x dx. Then

 
2 = 12 − cos u + 13 cos3 u + C
cos5 x sin5 x dx = u5 1 − u2 du

 
5 


= u5 1 − 2u2 + u4 du = u − 2u7 + u9 du = − 12 cos x2 + 16 cos3 x2 + C
1 10
= u − 14 u8 + 16 u6 + C
10   1 3
= 101
sin x − 14 sin8 x + 16 sin6 x + C
10 12. cos6 x dx = 2
(1 + cos 2x) dx


Or: Let v = cos x, dv = − sin x dx. Then = 18 1 + 3 cos 2x + 3 cos2 2x + cos3 2x dx
 
2
cos5 x sin5 x dx = v 5 1 − v 2 (−dv) 

5  = 18 1 + 3 cos 2x +
= −v + 2v 7 − v 9 dv = − 10 1 10
v + 14 v 8 − 16 v 6 + C
 
+ 32 (1 + cos 4x) + 1 − sin2 2x cos x dx
= − 101
cos10 x + 14 cos8 x − 16 cos6 x + C 
5 
 π/2 2  π/2 = 18 2
+ 4 cos 2x + 32 cos 4x − sin2 2x cos 2x dx
5. 0 sin 3x dx = 0 12 (1 − cos 6x) dx

 π/2 = 18 52 x + 2 sin 2x + 38 sin 4x − 16 sin3 2x + C
= 12 x − 12 1
sin 6x 0 = π4
 π/2  π/2 13. Let u = cos 2x ⇒ du = −2 sin 2x dx. Then
6. 0 cos2 x dx = 0 21 (1 + cos 2x) dx  
2
 π/2 sin 2x cos 2x dx = cos4 2x 1 − cos2 2x sin 2x dx
5 4

= 12 x + 14 sin 2x 0 = π4 
2
1  
4 
= u4 1 − u2 − 2 du = − 12 u − 2u6 + u8 du
  1 2

7. cos4 t dt = 2
(1 + cos 2t) dt = − 12 19 u9 − 27 u7 + 15 u5 + C



= 14 1 + 2 cos 2t + cos2 2t dt = − 12 19 cos9 2x − 27 cos7 2x + 15 cos5 2x + C

= 14 t + 14 sin 2t + 14 12 (1 + cos 4t) dt
  14. Let u = cos x ⇒ du = − sin x dx. Then
= 14 t + sin 2t + 12 t + 18 sin 4t + C  5

2
sin x dx = 1 − cos2 x sin x dx
= 38 t + 14 sin 2t + 32
1
sin 4t + C 
2 

 
2 3 = 1 − u2 (−du) = −1 + 2u2 − u4 du
6
8. sin πx dx = sin πx dx
 1 3 = − 15 u5 + 23 u3 − u + C
= (1 − cos 2πx) dx


2
 = − 15 cos5 x + 2
3
cos3 x − cos x + C
= 18 1 − 3 cos 2πx + 3 cos2 2πx − cos3 2πx dx
  
1 4
= 18 1 − 3 cos 2πx + 32 (1 + cos 4πx) 15. sin4 x cos4 x dx = 2
sin 2x dx

    1 2
− 1 − sin2 2πx cos 2πx dx = 161
sin4 2x dx = 161
2
(1 − cos 4x) dx

5  

= 18 2
− 4 cos 2πx + 32 cos 4πx + sin2 2πx cos 2πx dx = 641
1 − 2 cos 4x + cos2 4x dx
  1

 
= 18 52 x − 2π4
sin 2πx + 8π 3
sin 4πx + 3·2π1
sin3 2πx + C = 64 x − 12 sin 4x + 128
1
(1 + cos 8x) dx



= 5
16
x − 1
4π
sin 2πx + 3
64π
sin 4πx + 1
48π
sin3 2πx + C = 64 x − 2 sin 4x + 128 x + 18 sin 8x + C
1 1 1

3 1 1
= 128
x − 128
sin 4x + 1024
sin 8x + C
4 ❙❙❙❙ SECTION 8.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

 
2 
16. Let u = sin x ⇒ du = cos x dx. Then 21. sec4 x dx = tan x + 1 sec2 x dx

  
3
cos x 1 − u2 du = tan2 x sec2 x dx + sec2 x dx = 13 tan3 x + tan x + C
√ dx =
sin x u1/2  
2
  −1/2  22. sec6 x dx = tan2 x + 1 sec2 x dx
= u − u3/2 du  
= tan4 x sec2 x dx + 2 tan2 x sec2 x dx
1/2 2 5/2 
= 2u − +C 5
u + sec2 x dx


= 2u 1/2 1 2
1 − 5u + C = 15 tan5 x + 23 tan3 x + tan x + C

√ (Set u = tan x in the first two integrals.) Thus
= 2 1 − 15 sin2 x sin x + C  π/4  π/4
0
sec6 x dx = 15 tan5 x + 23 tan3 x + tan x 0
√
17. Let u = x so that x = u2 and dx = 2u du. Then = 1
+ 2
+1= 28
5 3 15
√
cos2 x cos2 u 
√ dx = 2u du = 2 cos2 u du
x u 23. Let u = tan t ⇒ du = sec2 t dt. Then
 π/4 1  1
 tan t sec t dt = 0 u4 du = 15 u5 0 = 15 .
4 2
= (1 + cos 2u) du 0

= u + 12 sin 2u + C 24. Let u = tan x ⇒ du = sec2 x dx. Then

√
√   π/4 1

= x + 12 sin 2 x + C 0
tan2 x sec4 x dx = 0 u2 u2 + 1 du
1

= 0 u4 + u2 du
dx 1 + sin x 1 + sin x  1
18. = dx = dx
1 − sin x 1 − sin2 x cos2 x = 15 u5 + 13 u3 0

2 
= sec x + sec x tan x dx = 1
+ 1
= 8
5 3 15
= tan x + sec x + C
25. Let u = sec x ⇒ du = sec x tan x dx. Then
19. Let u = sec x ⇒ du = sec x tan x dx. Then  3 3

tan x sec x dx = sec2 x tan2 x sec x tan x dx
 
6
tan x sec x dx = sec5 x sec x tan x dx  2
2  
4 
= u u − 1 du = u − u2 du
 5
= u du = 16 u6 + C 1 5
= 5
u − 13 u3 + C
1 6
= sec x + C
6
= 1
5
sec5 x − 1
3
sec3 x + C
Or: Let u = tan x, du = sec2 x. Then
 
2 26. Let u = sec x ⇒ du = sec x tan x dx. Then
tan x sec6 x dx = tan x 1 + tan2 x sec2 x dx  π/3  π/3
2 2
  tan5 x sec x dx = 0 sec x − 1 sec x tan x dx
= tan x sec2 x dx + 2 tan3 x sec2 x dx 0

 2
2
+ tan5 x sec2 x dx = 1 u2 − 1 du
2

= 1
tan2 x + 1
tan4 x + 1
tan6 x + C = 1 u4 − 2u2 + 1 du
2 2 2
 2
= 15 u5 − 23 u3 + u 1
20. Let u = sec x
⇒ du = sec x tan x dx. Then


 3

2
6
 = 325
− 163
+ 2 − 15 − 23 + 1
tan x sec x dx = sec x − 1 sec5 x sec x tan x dx
38

2  
7  = 15
= u − 1 u5 du = u − u5 du

= 1 8
8
u − 16 u6 + C 27. Let u = tan x ⇒ du = sec2 x dx. Then

sec x 2  
= 1
8
sec8 x − 1
6
sec6 x + C dx = tan x sec2 x dx = u du
cot x
Or: 1 2
 
2 = 2
u +C = 1
2
tan2 x + C
tan3 x sec6 x dx = tan3 x tan2 x + 1 sec2 x dx
 3
2 2  
= v v + 1 dv (where v = tan x) 28. cot2 w csc4 w dw = cot2 w csc2 w csc2 w dw



7  = cot2 w 1 + cot2 w csc2 w dw
= v + 2v 5 + v 3 dv 

1 8
= u2 1 + u2 (−du) [u = cot w, du = − csc2 w dw]
= 8
v + 13 v 6 + 14 v4 + C1 

= − u2 + u4 du = − 13 u3 − 15 u5 + C
= 1
tan2 x + 1
tan6 x + 1
tan4 x + C1
8 3 4 = − 13 cot3 w − 1
5
cot5 w + C
 SECTION 8.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS ❙❙❙❙ 5

29. Let u = cot x ⇒ du = − csc2 x dx. Then

 

cot3 x csc4 x dx = cot3 x cot2 x + 1 csc2 x dx
 3
2 
= u u + 1 (−du)

= − 16 u6 − 14 u4 + C

= − 16 cot6 x − 14 cot4 x + C
 x 
30. e cos7 (ex ) dx = cos7 u du [u = ex , du = ex dx]

2 3 
3
= cos u cos u du = 1 − sin2 u cos u du

3
= 1 − v 2 dv [v = sin u, dv = cos u du]


= 1 − 3v 2 + 3v 4 − v 6 dv
= v − v 3 + 35 v 5 − 17 v 7 + C
= sin u − sin3 u + 3
5
sin5 u − 1
7
sin7 u + C
= sin ex − sin3 ex + 35 sin5 ex − 17 sin7 ex + C

cos2 x 1 − sin2 x
31. dx = dx = (csc x − sin x) dx
sin x sin x
= ln |csc x − cot x| + cos x + C

dx  
2 
32. 4 = csc4 x dx = cot x + 1 csc2 x dx
sin x

2 
= u + 1 (−du) (where u = cot x)
= − 13 u3 − u + C = − 13 cot3 x − cot x + C

33. cos 3x cos 4x dx
 1
= 2
[cos (3x − 4x) + cos (3x + 4x)] dx
1

= 2
(cos x + cos 7x) dx
1 1
= 2
sin x + 14
sin 7x + C

34. sin 3x sin 6x dx
 1
= 2
[cos (3x − 6x) − cos (3x + 6x)] dx
1

= 2
(cos 3x − cos 9x) dx
1 1
= 6
sin 3x − 18
sin 9x + C
  1
35. sin x cos 5x dx = 2
[sin (x − 5x) + sin (x + 5x)] dx
1

= 2
(− sin 4x + sin 6x) dx
1 1
= 8
cos 4x − 12
cos 6x + C

36. cos x cos 2x cos 3x dx

= cos x · 12 [cos (2x − 3x) + cos (2x + 3x)] dx
 
= 12 cos2 x dx + 12 cos x cos 5x dx

= 14 (1 + cos 2x) dx

+ 12 12 [cos (x − 5x) + cos (x + 5x)] dx

= 14 x + 18 sin 2x + 14 (cos 4x + cos 6x) dx
= 14 x + 1
8
sin 2x + 1
16
sin 4x + 1
24
sin 6x + C