[Escribir texto]

Not everyone thinks

I would say that

The other side of the

Why you’re going to talk about it

On the one hand, it could be said

Same way as a book or newspaper

Why did you ask me that?

What annoys me more, however,

Most diets are complete waste of time, because even if we

lose the weight at first we almost always put it back when
we come off the diet. (regresamos cuando dejamos de
hacer la dieta)

Dear Sir

Request to change airport

My reason for writing is to

Unfortunately, I am writing to complain about the

I would like to express/ I just writing to say

First of all,

Furthemore,

Personally speaking

In conclusion

I look forward to hearing from you

Yours faithfully

We both had a really good time

[Escribir texto]

When we got home, I couldn’t find it

I don’t know if you remember it,

Anyway, I’ll keep my fingers crossed¡

I’m afraid I’ve

I won’t be able to come

I can’t sleep

I was really upset when I heard the…

That won’t be shown on Saturday

My family and I used to watch it every day, especially…

Please, give us back our country

Momentarily (momentáneamente)

I’m not sure about your decision, but we can find a solution

I understood

We arrive here a couple of days ago

I am very concerned about this because I need…, which I

cannot do until…

I would therefore be grateful if you could look into this matter

immediately

I have heard nothing from you since then

Annoying/bothersome (fastidioso/molesto)

Useful/appropriate (conveniente)

Justo (fair/just)

Con justicia (justly/fairly)

[Escribir texto]

Dear Mr Smith

I am writing with reference to your invitation to your wedding

party which happened last weekend, I would like to express
how much I enjoyed myself.

I writing to thank you for your invitation to your wedding party

which happened last weekend and to say how much I enjoyed
myself

First of all, I should apologise for being so late. My car

developed a fault and ceased to function, and so it took me a
considerable period of time to arrive. However, when I finally
did get there, I enjoyed myself immensely. The food was
excellent, as was the band that you provided. The whole party
was greatly enjoyable, especially when veronica and her
partner started dancing on the tables. It made my spouse
laugh so much that consequently she had to go outside to get
some air.

First of all, I’m sorry for being so late. My car broke down, and
so it took me ages to get there. However, when I finally did
get there, I had a great time. The food was great, as was the
band that you laid on. The whole party was a lot of fun,
especially when Veronica and her partner started dancing on
the tables. It made my wife laugh so much that as a result she
had to go outside to get some air.

Furthermore, in my opinion, the house that you have bought

is beautiful. Personally speaking, I love large sitting rooms
with a large area to circulate in. And the aspect from the
windows is gorgeous. I am really envious. I wish it could be
possible for me to have an accommodation like yours.

Also, in my opinion, the house that you have bought is

beautiful. For me, I love large sitting rooms with loads of
space to move around in. And the view from the windows is
[Escribir texto]

gorgeous. I’m really jealous. I wish I could have a place like

yours.

Unfortunately, I regret to inform you that we cannot attend

your dinner party next week, as I am extremely busy with
work at the moment. However, if you would like to come to
our house the week after, we would greatly enjoy seeing you.

Unfortunately, I’m sorry that we cannot come to your dinner

party next week, as I am up to my eyes in work at the
moment. But, if you’d like to come to our house the week
after, we would love to have you.

In conclusion, thank you again for inviting us, and I look

forward to hearing from you soon.

Finally, thank you again for inviting us, and write back soon.

Yours sincerely / Love

Letter openings
Neutral/semiformal Informal
Thank you for your letter It was great to get your letter
Thank you for sending me I’m writing to ask you a
your brochure favour
My reason for writing is to Sorry for not writing for so
apply for the job I saw long
advertised
I must apologise for not
contacting you sooner
Unfortunately, I am writing to
complain about the
I am writing with reference to
your letter
[Escribir texto]

Signalling the end of the letter

I look forward to hearing from I must go now
you
IF you have any further I’ll finish now as I’m running
questions, please contact me out of space
again
Bye for now
Letter closings
Yours faithfully Hope to hear from you soon
Yours sincerely Best wishes

To whom it may concern

I am writing in reply to your letter…

Following our phone/meeting conversation

I am writing to ask if I could please be given another room in

college

At present I share a room with another student who,

unfortunately, is very noisy. This makes it very difficult for me
to study. I have asked this student many occasions to let me
work quietly but there has been no change. He plays his radio
or watches TV constantly and often invites friends round for
parties which last till late in the night.

I have tried working in the library but it is not open at all the
times I need. I am very worried about this situation, as I have
to finish my final year project this term and have my final
exams coming up at the end of the year.
[Escribir texto]

I would be most grateful if you could please give me a room

by myself or a room sharing with a student who is quiet.

I look forward to hearing from you and thank you in advance

for your help.

Yours faithfully (Sir / Madam)

Yours sincerely (Mr / Mrs)

– Hyphen (out-of-date)

--- dash (In each town --- London, Paris and Rome --- we
stayed in youth hostels

The chart shows the number of children in American

schools broken down into (desglosados en ) two subgroups
over the period 1989 to 2004. As well as giving the total
number of students in millions, the graph also shows 5 to
13 year-old students and 14 to 17 year olds (students).

The pie chart gives information about how many students

from several Asian countries were taking MBAs in 2000. The
countries mentioned are China, Malaysia, Hong Kong,
Singapore and Thailand.

There was a general upward trend in cost for all degree

types during this period.

The price of undergraduate degrees remained constant

between 1990 and 2000.

MBAs showed the largest increase in cost during these

three decades from just under $30,000 to almost $50,000.

The cost of PhDs fell slightly between 1979 and 1980.

--
[Escribir texto]

The number of students from China following (que toman)

MBA program is almost five times more than those from
Indonesia. (numerical)

The number of students from Thailand studying an MBA is

smaller than the number from the other five countries.
(comparative adjective)

Although significantly smaller in population size, Hong

Kong, Singapore and Malaysia are not far behind China in
terms of percentage of students taking MBAs abroad.
(contrast word)

At 29% of all international students on MBA program, China

is the largest group. (superlative adjective)

How is buying from on the Internet different from going to

normal shops?

The main difference then is … whereas; Another difference

is that… but; …is generally more … and more … as well.

The bar chart presents the main concerns facing higher

education students in 2004, ranging /renjing/ from pressure
to succeed due to financial cost to worries about achieving
their desired degree classification.

The bar chart/graph illustrates higher education

examination results in the UK from 1994 to 2002, showing
the number of first and upper-second class degrees
awarded in each year within this period.

This concern (achieving a desired degree) was more than a

twice as important as finding a job after graduation and
debt /det/ at graduation, which were jointly the second
largest concerns for students.
[Escribir texto]

The first thing to note is that although students have many

worries, their biggest one is achieving their desired degree
classification.

If you add up all these fugires, it can be seen (se puede ver)
that three represent the biggest cause of anxiety for nearly
half of all students.

---

Looking at the pie charts from an overall perspective, the

key information that stands out (destaca) from a
comparison of the two is that there were far more full-time
and sandwich students than part-time students for the
academic year 2002-2003. In terms of the figures there
were approximately twice the numbers of the former than
the latter. /laetta/

Looking at the pie chart more specifically, the breakdown

(el desglose) of different types of students was also very
different for full-time students and sandwich students in
comparison to part-timers.

Data and Trends

[Escribir texto]

The number of local students more than doubled between

1990 and 1991

The number of local student peaked in 1992

The figures for local students remained steady in 1992 and

1993

Despite an increase in number in 1991, the overall trend for

local students remained relatively steady

There was a slight fall in the number of international

students in 1991

International students number remained steady between

1992 and 1993

Following falls in the previous two years, the number of

international students started to improve towards the end
of the period shown

On the whole, there was a decline in the number of

international students in this period

Between 1991 and 1992 number for both Local and

International students dropped before improving again the
following year

Between 1990 and 1991 there was a substantial increase in

the number of local students attending university, whereas
there was a dramatics fall in international numbers.

Despite a rise in numbers of local students between 1990

and 1991, the overall figure for this period remained around
forty thousand.

Whilst the overall figures for international students changed

from 1990-1993, the number of local students at university
remained fairly constant.
[Escribir texto]

Common connective words

Addition Sequence Consequence Contrast
In addition First (ly) As a result However

And Initially Thus On the other

hand
Similarity Second(ly) So
etc. Despite
Likewise Therefore
To begin with In spite of
As well as Consequently
Next Though
Besides It follows that
Earlier Although
Furthermore Thereby
Later But
Also Eventually
After On the
Moreover Then
this/that contrary
And then In that case
Following Otherwise
Too this/that admittedly
Yet
Not only…but afterwards
Instead of
Even
Rather
Besides
Whereas
this/that
Nonetheless

Even though

Compared
with

In contrast

alternatively
Certainly Condition Definition Summary
[Escribir texto]

Obviously If Is In conclusion

Certainly Unless Refers to In summary

Plainly Whether Means Lastly

(indudableme
Provided that That is Finally
nte)
For Consist of To sum up
Of course
So that To conclude
undoubtedly
Whether To
recapitulate
Depending
on In short

Example Reason Time

For instance Since Before

One example As Since

For example So As

Just as Because (of) Until

In particular Due to Meanwhile

Such as Owing to At the

moment
Namely The reason
why When
To illustrate
In other Whenever
words
As soon as
Leads to
Just as
(conduce a)
[Escribir texto]

cause

Listenin Reading Writing Speakin Overall

g g
Hindi 6.78 6.38 6.62 6.86 6.73
Malayala 6.31 6.13 6.49 6.52 6.43
m
Russian 6.35 6.13 6.11 6.69 6.38
Spanish 6.27 6.42 6.08 6.64 6.41

The table illustrates the breakdown of scores for the IETLS

Academic Paper in 2003. It shows separate scores for all
four sections (Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking),
together with the overall score for students from four
different language groups around the world.

From and overall perspective , Hindi speakers achieved the

highest grades with an average score of 6.73 across all four
sections.

Moreover, they score the highest of all four language

groups in three of the four sections (Listening, Writing and
Speaking).

Malayalam speaker scored the second highest scores

overall, closely followed by Spanish and Russian speakers.
Although Malayalam speakers did not do so well in the
Reading, Speaking and Listening sections compared to
Russian and Spanish speakers, there was a significant
difference in their grades for the Writing section. Theses
grades were high relative to Russian and Spanish
[Escribir texto]

candidates. Surprisingly, Spanish speakers, who achieved

the second lowest result overall, achieved the highest
results of all four groups for the Reading section.

As a final point, it is interesting to note that the scores for

each section show that all students on average scored the
highest marks for the Speaking section and the lowest
marks for the Reading section.

Useful phrases

Introduction

The table/diagram illustrates a breakdown of…

The table/diagram shows the…

Broken down into…

Second paragraph

From an overall perspective…

Taking a general overview…

Third paragraph

Ranking other… in order of…

Moving to the other main points in the chart…

We can see that/It can be seen that…

Surprisingly…

Conclusion

As a final point, it is interesting to note that…

To conclude, it is worth pointing out that…

WRITING TASK

Academic Task
[Escribir texto]

Making and overview statement Describing Trends

We can see from the (The figures) increased/rose/went

chart/table… up (subieron) from… to…

The chart/table shows (us that) (the figure) decreased/dropped/fell

… from… to…

Introducing an overall trend …

dramatically/sharply/significantly/s
From an overall perspective…
teadily
Looking at the figures, we can
gradually/slightly/slowly,…
see that…
… over the year/in the same
One of the first things to note is
period/ between X and Y.
that…
There is/was a
It is generally true to say that…
steady/gradual/sudden…
One thing that clearly stands out
There is/was a (an)
is… (que se destaca)
(upward/downward) trend
Introducing a point of interest
There is/was little/no change
It is interesting to see that…
… rise/increase between/from …
A striking point is that … to…
Interestingly/Surprisingly… … fall/decrease/drop/dip (small
Introducing a supporting details drop)/ decline between/from … to
…
For example…; For instance…
… fluctuated between…
More specifically…, Moreover…
…reached a peak/high/low point
This fact is borne out (by the of…
figures) when we look at…
… doubled/tripled within (the
period)

… leveled off (stabilize); …

remained (fairly) constant/stable

Comparing data Time referencing

[Escribir texto]

There is three times as much X From the beginning of this period

as Y
From then until March; Between
(México has produces three March and June…
times as many bottles of oil as
During this period…; ending the
E.U)
year…
In comparison to X, Y is…
Once/When/As soon as
The former/latter
Making forecast
The percentage/amount/quantity
The trend looks set to continue
of X is (not) –er than Y
(parece que continuará)
There are (slightly/significantly)
… is/are/seems likely to…, is/are
more/ fewer X than Y
estimated to…
There are twice as many X as Y
…is/are predicted to…

Approximating Describing a process

Appróma/i/tely/ about/ roughly First… Then/Next/After that…

Finally…
Just above/over/under/below

A little/slightly less/more than

Passive voice

The X is made/done

After X has been completed, Y is

initiated…

Academic Task 2
Presenting an impartial Providing supporting
opinion evidence
It is often argued/said that… From my experience…
(A menudo se dice/Se
A good example of this …
discute que)
For instance…
It is generally agreed that …
[Escribir texto]

(se acepta generalmente But this is not the case for…

que)
… highlights the point (I’d
Some/Many people like to highlight the fact
believe/say/ that…)
think/feel/argued that…
Outlining (detallando) Attributing cause
contrasting views
Despite claims that … (A Owing to…
pesar de las declaraciones
On account of…/Due to …
que)
(=)
While/whereas it may be
Linking arguments/reasons
true that…, on the other
hand… Furthermore/Moreover/In
addition…
On the other side of the
argument,.. For one thing…, for
another…
However/Nevertheless/Despi
te (the fact) …
Refuting an argument Giving a personal opinion
Although some believe In my opinion,…
that…, we should consider…
I (generally) agree that…
Critics (personas) may say…
I think that it’s reasonable to
However,…
say that…
It could be argued that…, It
I tend to tink that…
is difficult to accept this as…
Concluding
While it might be argued
that…, the truth of the In
matter is… short/conclusion/summary…

Though it is true that…, we To conclude/summarise/sum

[Escribir texto]

should also bear in mind up…

(tener en cuenta) that…
Overall, I think the most
important thing is…
Describing cause and effect
Consequently,…;

As a result,…;

This means that…

Comparing the three types of degree, only the

undergraduate degree saw little change in this period. In
1970, the average cost was exactly $20 000. This figure
had increased slightly to $22 000 by 1980. It reached a
peak of $25000 in 1990 and remained steady since then. In
contrast, the figures for a masters degree changed rapidly
in the same time frame. Starting at just under $30 000 in
1970, the cost increased dramatically during the next 20
years, reaching just short than $40 000 in 1990, before
increasing steadily to almost $15 000 by $2000, which was
just less of the cost of a doctoral degree of the 3 types of
degree, a doctorate was the only one to experience a fall in
price during this period. In 1970, the price was substantially
higher than either of the other degrees. It cost almost $46
000 to complete a PhD. However, in the following decade,
the figure fell to exactly $43 000.
[Escribir texto]

Like the undergraduate degree, the cost of a PhD increased

from 19080 to 1990, before leveling off at just over $50 000
in 2000.

Useful phrases
Introduction Refuting a point of view
I do not personally believe… To those who argue that…,

It is a fact that… I … would like to point out

that…
In this essay I will show that
It might be argued that …,
Giving an opinion
but …
I believe…
I cannot accept this
To my mind,… because…
It is my belief that… It is a proven fact that…
It is a question of… Although there is…, I still
feel that…
In my opinion…
Conclusion
It seems to me…
In summary…

In conclusion…

To sum up…

We have seen that…

Most high-level positions in companies are filled by men

even though the workforce in many developed countries is
more 5o per cent female. Companies should be required to
[Escribir texto]

allocate a certain percentage of these positions to women.

To what extent do you agree?

In many countries these days, females make up over 50 per

cent of the workforce, and increasingly highly-skilled
women are taking managerial positions. However, it is still
a fact that high positions such as CEO jobs are still
dominated by men. Although this not desirable, I do not
personally believe that imposed are the solution.

Firstly, I believe companies have a right to choose the best

person for the job, whatever their gender, in order to
contribute to the success of their business. Forcing
companies to hire, promote and appoint women could
negatively affect business in the short term and even in the
long term.

Secondly, to my mind the solution to this problem should

be solved outside the workplace. Girls need to be
encouraged to take more male-dominated subjects at
school and later at university, and to aspire to do well in
their careers. Girls and boys also need to be taught equality
from an early age. This education can take place in schools,
careers programmes and in the home.

To those who argue that quotas are a good way to initiate

this change, I would like to point out that artificially
imposing rules has not always had the desired effect. When
governments required males and females to receive the
same pay for the same job, employers simply changed job
titles to ensure that women were still paid less than men. It
is belief that employers will simply try to find loopholes to
get around any such law.
[Escribir texto]

In summary, I do not believe that forcing companies to

allocate jobs to women is the best way to address this
imbalance. Rather, it is a question of education and of
changing mindsets so that those who deserve to be at the
top will earn it and be appropriately appointed.

Useful phrases

Introduction

The diagram/chart/table shows …

In the diagram we can see…

There are … stages shown in this diagram

Sequencing

First of all…

The second thing that occurs is…

Next …

After that…

As soon as…

Finally…

… (not) until…

The diagram shows how a transaction works from an ATM

(Automated Teller Machine)

The diagram shows how a transaction works at an

automated teller machine in five steps, allowing us to
withdraw money from any participating bank in the world.
[Escribir texto]

First of all, Mr Smith inserts his card and PIN into the ATM at
a local bank abroad. An electronic message is sent to the
central network which is passed on (transmite/pasa) to Mr
Smith’s own bank in his home country. The local bank will
not dispense the cash until it knows the funds are available
in Mr Smith’s own account.

As soon as the home country bank receives the request and

checks the balance, the money is debited (cargado) from
the account. The bank then replies to the message via the
network, stating (declarando) that the local bank can
provide Mr Smith with the amount requested. Mr Smith
retrieves the money and his card and goes on his way.
Later day a settlement occurs between the two banks
facilitated by the central network.

This diagram shows the convenience of ATMs for the user

and what goes on behind the scenes to ensure banks only
provide money via their ATMs if the account holder has
sufficient funds.

Some people view conflict between teenagers and parents

as a necessary part of growing up, while others view it as
something negative which should be avoided. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.
Useful phrases

Introduction Showing cause and effect

The question is … As a result of this…

The problem is… Owing to this…

The issues is… Due to this…

[Escribir texto]

Extending your argument Conclusion

It should also be noted… Personally I think…

It also needs to be taken into In my opinion…

consideration that…
In my view…
In my personal case…
From my own perspective…
From personal experience…

We all want to grow up into mature and confident adults,

who are emotionally and psychologically balanced. The
question is – how can this be achieved? Do we encourage
young people to rebel against their parents as a way of
“standing on their own two feet” and establishing their
independence, or do we take the opposite view and
discourage generational conflict between parents and
children by helping both age groups to better understand
each other?

Adolescence is traditionally a difficult age when young

people go through dramatic physical and emotional
changes in a relatively short space of time. As a result,
many people feel that some conflict between parents and
their children is inevitable. Is a sense, it is neither “good”
nor “bad”, it is just a fact of life. I think it should also be
noted that “conflict” is seen differently by different cultures
–in the West it can often be seen in a positive light, whilst in
many Asian cultures it has negative associations.

In my own personal case, I didn’t communicate very much

with my parents while I was growing up and therefore there
was no real conflict involved in our relationship, but on the
other hand there was no real understanding either. This
was a similar experience of many of my male friends. Girls,
on the other hand, seemed to have a closer relationship
[Escribir texto]

with their mothers, especially the ones with younger

mothers, which meant that the age gap was not so great.

Personally, I think that in an ideal world, children should

communicate closely whit their parents because both could
learn a lot from each other. In my view, I think we isolate
ourselves too much within the narrow confines of our own
age group, giving us a limited view the world and
preventing us from growing up in the best way possible.
The problem is, we don’t live in an ideal world. Parents and
their children are not perfect, son in the end I feel that
teenage conflict is probably an inevitable, but certainly not
negative, part of growing up.

The table below shows how companies divide their

advertising budget between a variety of promotion
channels in three different countries.

Overall, all three countries are similar in the sense that

the top three promotion channels are the same – TV is the
most popular followed by newspapers and radio. However,
there is a very sharp contrast between Australia and Koréa
on the one hand and Brazil on the other. With the former
two countries there is a broadly similar pattern of
expenditure which doesn’t show that much difference in
expenditure between the three channels. Brazil however,
has a very unbalanced distribution of expenditure with over
60% of all money spent on advertising in the country done
through a single channel – TV.

In terms of the three less popular promotion channels there

is very little similarity between the countries. Australia
advertisers obviously feel that the Internet is a very
effective channel as they are spending nearly as much here
as the combined expenditure on direct mail and
[Escribir texto]

sponsorship. Korea is the opposite, spending twice as much

on sponsorship and direct mail than on internet advertising.
Brazil, again, is the odd one out (is la diferente/it is the
different person), spending very little on these secondary
promotion channels.

Sales rocketed over = las ventas se dispararon por sobre

Rose dramatically

Slight dip in

Steady increase

Period of stability

Wild fluctuations

Upward

Plunged (desplome)

Dramatic fall (caída dramatica)

Plummeted (Desplome terrible)

Dropped slightly (bajada ligera)

Dradual decline

To hit a peak (alcanzar su pico)

To hit rock bottom (tocar fondo)

A steep fall (una bajada notable/empinada/pronunciada)

Soared = disparado

Fell back = volver a caer

A new peak
[Escribir texto]

1. During the late 90s, reports of violent abuse nearly

doubled (casi dobleteo)
2. The housing market boomed at the start of the decade
(auge tremendo)
3. Instances of knife crime were stationary through the
latter part of the decade (fueron, o estuvieron
estacionados)
4. Sales of alcoholic beverages bottomed out in January
(toco fondo y se estabilizo)
5. The number of burglaries rose sharply in 2007 (se elevo
dramáticamente)
6. As word of a new investment plan came out, shares in
the bank bounced back to record highs. (se recuperaron)
7. Statistical evidence suggests that divorce is on the up.
(esa a la alza = reach the top)
8. After a nervous start to the season, the sale of season
tickets has steadily /e/ recovered (constantemente
recuperado)
9. Despite a lack of consumer confidence, borrowing has
remained unchanged (sin cambio)
10. The police have reported a dramatic fall in the number of
violent crimes reported this year (caida dramatic)
11. Sales of luxury goods have fluctuated through the last
quarter (ha fluctuado mucho los pasados 3 meses)
12. In contrast to the general trend, the world’s leading
manufacturer is reporting that sales of mobile handsets
have plunged. (se han desplomado en picada) plunge =
plummeted
13. After the release of their latest smartphone, the
company’s profits have skyrocketed. (han disparado)
14. With news of layoffs leaked (recorte de personal) to the
media, the share price hit rock bottom. (el precio de las
acciones toco fondo)
[Escribir texto]

15. Reports of domestic violence against men were up and

down during the last decade. (flucturaron = tuvieron
subidas y bajadas)
16. By the close of trade (al cierre de la bolsa), stocks had
rebounded to their previous level. (se habian
recuperado)
17. In line with analyst forecast, margins in the airline
industry have slipped due to rising fuel cost. (han
disminuido/bajado un poco)
18. Confidence in the Prime Minister’s government has
slumped after yet another embarrassing scandal hit the
headlines (pego los titulares). (se ha desplomado)
19. On the stock market today (en terminos generals), sales
picked up rapidly after lunch. (se levanto/se recupero)
20. The government’s decision to ban smoking in public
areas has seen a marginal dip in sales according to the
tobacco industry (una bajada ligera/leve)

He bounced back to health again (se ha recuperado)

Name one thing the tunner can withstand = puede aguantar

Stags= venados

Carving = tallado

Ad-he/i/sive

Curp up and down =hacerse una bola (ovillo)/acurrucarse

Using a mobile phone seems to come naturally to young

people (tan natural)

At least that’s what I’d do (al menos es lo que yo haría)

Its second nature to me (Es tan natural para mi= estoy muy
acostumbrado)

PREGUNTAS:
[Escribir texto]

1. How do you like to spend your spare time?

2. What sort of TV programmes do you enjoy watching?
3. When you were at school, did you play any team sports?
4. What do you want to do when you finish this course?
5. What is your favourite meal of the day?
6. What is the best way to learn how to use a computer?
7. How do the clothes you wear compare with the clothes
your grandparents used to wear when they were young?
8. Would you rather get an email message or a letter?
Why?
9. Why are you studying English?
10.Do you prefer to study in a library or at home?

Speaking

Do you live with your family or with friends?

Actually, I’m staying in a university hall of residence because

I’m here as an overseas student for a year

Are birthdays an important event in your country?

Yes, they are, and we usually share a cake or give a card or

present or something like that

Have you learned any languages other than English?

Yes, I have. I studied Spanish at school, although I don’t

remember very much now and can’t speak it very well

Are you planning to have a holiday soon?

Not really- I haven’t got much money at the moment,

although I’m going to have a weekend break whit my aunt,
who lives by the sea

Where do you come from?

[Escribir texto]

I’m from a small village in the mountains, which is a long way

from the capital of my country

Are you studying of working here?

I’m student at the moment, but I hope to get a job next year

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

No- I’m an only child.. but I have ten cousins that I grew uo
with, so I didn’t ever feel lonely

Are you interested in football?

No, I’am not , and in fact, I’m not very interested in any kind
of sport, I’m afraid

Dou you travelling by plane?

Yes, I do, except that waiting around at airports can be pretty

boring

How rich you are

How healthy you are

How active your family / friends are

How busy you are

How nearby a gym is

They are cheap to join = son baratos para inscribirse

You can make out a dark shape (visualizar)

Training is easy to come by in many resorts = adquirir

Oh maybe you’d prefer something with a slightly higher thrill

factor? (emoción)

I’ve never heard it before

[Escribir texto]

Why did it use (solia ser) to be difficult to foresee future

interest in particular sports?

Growing concern = creciente preocupacion

Unless Xpro Is able to come up with a substantially new

concept = de proponer / sugerir

I received an increase (n) in my salary

They are going to increase my salary

I prefer cooking for myself to eating out (gerund)

I prefer rugby to football

I’d rather go to a live rugby match than watch it on TV

(infinitive)

I’d rather not do exercise but I know I need to¡

I prefer watching movies at the cinema to watching TV at

home

I’d rather eat Chinese food than Italian

Would you rather buy things on the internet or buy things in a

shop?

Would you rather eat traditional dishes from your country or

eat fast food?

Waiting around = esperando

It give you a sense of belongning

I think that there will always be because

Writing
[Escribir texto]

People who have original ideas (e.g. people who invent or

discover things) are of greater value to society than people
who are simply able to copy the ideas of others well.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Sample answer

I certainly agree that people who come up with new ideas are
terribly important to our society. However, I also think there is
a role in society for good imitators.

No one would deny that certain individuals must be thanked

for providing us with facilities that we use every day. Where
would we be, for example, without basic items such as the
washing machine, the computer and, more recently, digital
cameras and mobile phones? These inventions are now used
so regularly that we tend to take them for granted.

In fact, the society we live in today has become increasingly

consumer-oriented and, while it may be possible to constantly
update and improve consumer goods, not everyone in my
country can afford them. Furthermore, not everyone lives in
an area that has access to the latest models on the market.
For these reasons, it is useful if someone can provide good
copies of expensive products.

Having said that, certain innovations have a more serious

impact on our lives than others and cannot easily be
replicated. Vital medicines like penicillin and vaccines against
dangerous diseases also exist because people made continual
efforts to develop them. Scientific ideas such as these enable
us to live longer and avoid illness.

Undoubtedly, scientists and engineers work extremely hard to

make life better for us. In some areas, their work just adds
comfort to our live, and if people copy their ideas, it allows a
wider population to benefit from them. However, in other
[Escribir texto]

areas, their contribution is unique cannot be copied and

without it we would be unlikely to survive or move forward.

I value them very highly (amigos)

I´ll put a question to him

A feat (hito) that has not been matched (alcanzado) by a

British manager since

So, chuck you out already, have they? Así que y ate patearon,
no es así?

I nothing without you, baby take me back

Go easy on me (se bueno conmigo)

Disrepute (quedar mal, mala reputación)

Bloody midgets (pinches enanos)

To much greed (demasiado codicia)

You are a half of nothing

Could you step outside please?

We are able to speak our minds – hablar con franqueza

We have to part company with you – Nosotros no

compartimos tu punto de vista

You sure you’re worth it?

Cheeky sod – descarado

Is the most coveted (deseado) job in the country

[Escribir texto]

When one man leaves, another steps into (reemplazar) his

place

No further comments – Sin mas comentarios

After such vituperative (a lot) criticism of them for so long

But it won’t be long before they realize I’m a fair man (no
tomara mucho tiempo)

Morning lads =Buenos días muchachos

You’ll never get any love out of him = (sacar de)

I’m entitled to mine (estoy en todo mi derecho de )

Tell them it’s on me (yo pago)

Spick-and-spam (super limpio)

Off you go = vayanse o salte

Superticious twat = mamon superticioso

A little poof and a pair of reserves (un poco maricas)

Gather around please = reúnanse por favor

Waste of bloddy money

Is where I want this club to be

You are on the brink of becoming the new manager after 11th
hour (última hora) talks with the F.A.

You’d sooner fester down there with all these bloody Tories
(preferirías pudrirte con todos esos pinches conservadores)

You write a discursive essay of = Escribe un ensayo

argumentado/opinada.
[Escribir texto]

By doing this = al hacer esto

Can I write in note form? = Puedo escribir notas

If you have time to spare, use this to check through what you
written, rather than writing extra. = revisar completamente /
Si tienes tiempo de más

Cover these points thoroughly and provide = Soroly

(cuidadosamente)

Have you used a range of apprópiate = /iet/

Is your speclling accurate? = /et/

Appropriately = /iet/

You cannot use rough paper = /rof/

You will lose fewer marks = lus

Once in a while / now and then = de vez en cuando

Line graphs can be used when you are plotting DATA that
have peaks (ups) and troughs (downs) /throfs/

Pie Chart are used to show parts of a whole and to represent

these at a set point in time. They do not show variations in the
data over time. However, each of the parts may be shown as
a percentage.

Line graphs can be used to show how something changes over

time. They have an w-axis (horizontal) and a y-axis vertical.
Usually the x-axis has numbers for the time period and they y-
axis has numbers for what is being measured. Line graphs can
be used when you are plotting data that have peaks (ups) and
troughs (downs). In other words, they can shown trends.

Bar graphs are similar to line graphs in that they have two
axes and are useful when you want to show how something
[Escribir texto]

has changed over the years (or days or weeks), especially

where there are really big changes. They are also very useful
if you want to compare things by showing their differences or
similarities.

Tables contain words, numbers or signs, or a combination of

these, displayed in columns or boxes to illustrate a set of facts
and the relationship between them.

You don’t have to deprive yourself of tea

Some of the sports played by Australian children are more

popular others and while not all young children are involved in
sport, the mayority of them are.

The diagram shows how recycled glass is used to make new

glass bottles.

The process involves a number of stages, during which the

glass undergoes various forms of treatment, before the final
products is manufactured.

The raw materials that go into making glass include sand.

Soda ash and limestone. First, these are sent down a chute
into a Fúrnace (horno) along with recycled glass. The furnace
is made of fireclay block and heats the raw material to a
temperature of 1500 degrees centigrade until mollen glass
(liquid derretido) formed.

More boys than girls play soccer

The most popular sport among girls is netball

White swimming is popular among boys and girls fewer boys

participate in this sport

Hardly any girls play cricket (casi ninguna chica)

[Escribir texto]

He suddenly realized that there was money to be made of golf

= para ser hecho / para hacerse

That often means people driving out from the cities = salir
para ubicarse

Stripping everything out and starting again = vaciando todo

The land is leveled out = aplanada

Native wildlife are uprooted and suffer as a result =

desenraizados

You can make a lot of money out of something

Courses should be designed to attract rather than drive away

wildlife. (desalentar/desanimar)

A knock-on effect of this would be another layer of use = un

efecto acumulativo

If you’re like most of the amateur photographers that I come

across = sit u eres como la mayoría de… que me encuentro

You’ve got to be prepared to use up lots of film = acabar con

muchas/utilizar

then it’s important to throw away the ones that aren’t any
good

the idea of having to cook in cramped surroundings =

alrededores abarrotado/pequeños

you were a runner up and Chris came first. = en 2do lugar

[Escribir texto]

I gather you face some stiff competition from the other

finalists = entiendo que enfrentaste una competición algo
fuerte/rigida/dura

Were brilliant in their own way = eran brillantes a su manera

The train hurtles through the countryside at over = va/

recorre/ pasa rapido por las afueras

There’s no nipping out to get the extra bunch of parsley = No

hay un momentito para salir (salida por un rato) para obtener
una rama de perejil

There’s plenty of scope top express yourself as a chef in the

job = mucho campo/oportunidad para expresar

I’d certainly go along with that = estoy de acuerdo

I suspect Jane is better at than I am¡

I can be quite inflexible when the mood takes me¡ = cuando

se me da la gana

Then it’s a mad rush to get everything ready = un

lío/apresuradoi

It’s all a bit nerve-racking = estresante

I decided it was time to settle down = establecerse/madurar

Personal commitments = compromises personaes

Not just ordinary run of the mill stuff = no solo cosas

rutinarias

I was a chef on a liner (barco/crucero), so I’ve got plenty of

experience of cookery in motion

Has either of you had any major disasters? = algunos de los

dos
[Escribir texto]

It just flew out = voló

I’m terrified of flying = me da pavor volar

If the money were handed to me on a plate (sin condiciones)

You might miss something vital if you don’t read the small
print¡ = Podrías perder… la letra pequeña

You wouldn’t want to buy a forgery¡ (falsificación) You need a

good eye to spot (reconocer) something authentic.

I can’t think of anything nicer than having lots of money to

spend on art.

I came across at an exhibition by a modern artist =

encontré/me tope

With the intention of turning it into a money-spinner (rentable)

Is jam-packed with paitings = esta abarrotado con pinturas

I’m kind of, well, art middleman = intermediario de arte

I’d buy something eye-cathing, (llamativo/que me llame la

atención)

The table provides information on how much chocolate was

eaten/consumed by people in a range of different countries
around the world. It shows the numbers of kilos per head
which were eaten in 2002 and provides a breakdown of these
figures for men and women.

Total chocolate consumption ranges from 0.9 to 10.3 kilos per

head. The country with the highest consumption of chocolate
is Switzerland, where an average of 10.3 kilos was consumed
per person.

In Austria, we see a very similar consumption pattern. By

contrast, Brazilians ate the least amount of chocolate.
[Escribir texto]

As far as consumption for men and women is concerned, there

is generally little difference between the two. In most cases,
women eat roughly the same amount of chocolate as men.
The only countries where this is not the case are Belgium and
Austria, where women eat almost twice as much as men.

Overall it seems that very different quantities of chocolate are

eaten around the world but, generally speaking, this product
is more popular in Europe than elsewhere.

Improve vocabulary

The pie chart shows the amount of stuff/material which is

recycled in Australia by each person each year/annually. It is
known/clear/apparent from the table the most
usually/frecuently recycled material is paper, and the
following/and the second/and the next is glass. Aluminium
makes up only 1% of the whole/total.

Vast majority/vast number

Serious consideration

Small minority/ small amount/small proportion/small majority

Downward trend

Considerable amount/considerable proportion/considerable

number

Reasonable proportion/ reasonable number

Few = a small number of

Less than = under

A steep rise = a marked increase

[Escribir texto]

Fell dramatically = dropped considerably (consídrabli)

Compares = provides a comparison of

Most = the majority of

Generally speaking = overall

The biggest = the most significant

--

áccuracy

accurately

punctuate

The diagram shows how water can be pumped from a pond to

create an ornamental waterfall.

For this to work, the pond needs to be situated near a wall.

Above the pond is a basin, about 25 centimeters deep, which
acts as a reservoir for the waterfall. This is sank into the rock
or wall, approximately three metres above the pond. Water is
pumped up to the basin from the pond.

When the basin is full, it overflows, creating a stream of water.

To maintain this constant flow, a 32-volt pump is used to carry
up. The pump is submerged in the pond and is connected a
transformer by a cable. A narrow pipe is attached to the pump
and carries the water up to the basin. The pipe is concealed
(Escondido/ocultado) in the wall so that it appears as if the
water flowing naturally rather than being recycled from the
pond. Thus a simple system using a pump and a small pool
results in a continuous fall of water.

----
[Escribir texto]

The graph shows how many kilojoules people consume, on

average, between the ages of 2 and 65 and compares the
figures for men and women. The overall trend for males and
females is similar. However, males consume more throughout
their lives, and at the age of 15, they eat a grand total of
13000 Kj. The intake of females is also greater at this age,
although their peak of consumption is much lower, being just
under 9000Kj.

linkers

As far as consumption rates are concerned, most people eat

between six and seven thousand Kj in their early years, and
their figure rises quite steeply (stiply= sensiblemente) as they
move into their teens. After this, food intake tends to decline,
with both age groups eating less as they get older. The
difference in the amounts eaten in later years also narrows to
around three thousand kj. Thus it is generally clear that we
need more food when we are young and less when we are old.

Though food intake increases as young women get older, it

falls after the age of 15.

At the age of two, young boys eat about 7000 kj per day this
increases significantly up to the age of 15.

Men and women eat a lot when they are under 20, but both
eat less after this age.

While men eat more than women, both groups follow a similar
pattern of food intake.

Food consumption varies between men and women, with the

greatest difference occurring at the age of 15.
[Escribir texto]

By the age of 50, females only consume 7000 kj, which is

considerably less than men.

The first graph shows which sports are most popular among
Australian children, and the second graph compares boys’ and
girls’ participation/involment in these activities.

The first graph shows that swimming is the most popular

among Australian children, with 15% of children participating.
However, from the second graph we can see that there are
almost twice as many girls involved in this sport as boys. By
contrast (por el contrario), while 12% of all children play
soccer, the percentage of boys playing this sport is far greater
than that for girls, with only 5% of girls playing soccer
compared to almost 25% of boys.

Netball, on the other hand, is played almost exclusively by

25per cent of girls, while cricket is mostly a boys’ sport.
Tennis and basketball are slightly more popular than martial
arts and athletics, all of which are played by under 10 per cent
of children. Finally, it should be mentioned that about 17 per
cent of children do not play any sport at all. Overall, the
graphs show that while boys and girls enjoy a range of sports,
their preferences are quite different.

The bar graph provides information about the most common

sports played in Australia in 2003. It gives figures for both
[Escribir texto]

boys and girls and clearly shows that their participation in

sports is fairly equal. However, their sporting preferences tend
to be different.

According to the graph, the most popular sport among girls is

netball, with participation rates reaching 25 per cent. A similar
percentage of boys prefer soccer, which is clearly their
favourite sport. Ten percent of boys also enjoy playing cricket
but hardly any girls take part in this game.

While swimming is popular among both boys and girls, fewer

boys participate in this sport – about 13 per cent compared to
approximately 22 per cent of girls.

Other sports such as tennis, basketball and material arts have

lower levels of popularity, and a significant percentage of boys
and girls say they enjoy sports not referred to on the chart.
(non-playing category)

Giving opinions Reacting to opinions

I believe I agree with you
I think I don’t agree with you
I feel I disagree with you
In my opinion I agree with you up to a point
but,
From my point of view To some extent you are right,
but
To my way of thinking To a certain extent you are
right, but
[Escribir texto]

As far as concerned Up to a point I agree with you,

but
In my view Exactly
From my perspective Absolutely
In my humble opinion Right
On the one hand… but on the Yes, but you aren’t taking into
other hand consideration
The way I see it is Indeed
If you look at it like this I couldn’t agree more with
you
I reckon (informal) That’s no answer
I’m fairly certain = I’m pretty I couldn’t go along with that
certain (bastante seguro) = I can support tat (puedo
compartir este punto de vista)
I strongly believe I can’t go along with you on
that
I hold the view that as far as I I have to part company with
can tell you on that (no puedo
compartir tu vista)
I firmly believe I think you are missing the
point (tu no estas
entendiendo)
It’s quite obvious that I think we are getting
sidetracked here (no estamos
desviando del tema)
I honestly feel I think we are talking at cross
purposes
I personally think/believe/feel Definitely
[Escribir texto]

To the best of my knowledge Quite so

(hasta donde yo sé)
That’s a good point
In my personal opinion So do I

Neither do I = I don’t either

(yo tampoco)
Me too
I do too
You’re quite right

Here are some phrases that might come in useful (podrían ser
de utilidad)
Expressing your opinions

I firmly believe… To the best of my knowledge

I’m absolutely certain… Isn’t it obvious that…? (no es tan

obvio?

I maintain the view… You must surely recognise..

Reacting to opinions

I couldn’t agree/disagree with you With all due respect.. (are you on
more drugs?)

You have a point there but… We seem to be getting sidetracked

here (no estamos desviando)

I think you’re missing the point… I’m still waiting for you to answer..
(todavía estoy esperando tu
respuesta)

Clarifying information

So I don’t misunderstand… Just so that we are clear… (solo

[Escribir texto]

para aclarar)

What your saying is… ? Am I right in thinking that… ?

(Estoy bien en pensar que?)

Going back to what I / you said Did I hear (Hia) you correctly when
earlier.. (volviéndo a lo que dijiste you said …? (te escuche bien
antes/anteriormente) correctamente cuando dijiste?)

Can you tell me about how you started in fashion retailing?

(comerciante al pormenor)

It was a good grounding (entrenamiento)

I blush how to think of my time there = me sonrojo

And now you’re thinking of moving up the ladder = ascender

de puesto

Well, before you rush off (irte apresurado) to see your line
manager, I think you need to work out skills (aclarar)

One swan just carried on feeding, but the other one = seguía
alimentándose

Row like mad? = Remaba como loco?

They can be really aggressive at nesting times = periodo de

nido (en tiempos de anidación)

You could have made something of going to college = Pudiste

haber hecho algo al ir al colegio.

Well, at your own expense, then. = bajo tus propios gastos

Rough bits = sitios díficiles

Faster-flowing = picado

As it was only a homemade thing = como era solo una cosa

hecha en casa
[Escribir texto]

Trading posts along the way= sitios comerciales

It was going roughly (about) in the right direction

So we followed it and, at dusk, we came = al atardecer

There was a large pot full of thick soup = sopa espesa

People living this sort of life could be very tough = muy

resistentes / duros

We palced 30 dollars in the cleaned-out cooking pot = limpiar

x complete

Tough = /tAf/

Have you always been hooked on space travel? = adicto

So, how did it all come about? = como empezo todo esto

If you follow me = si tu me entiendes

I don’t think I could have coped with that¡ Pudiera haber

soportado eso

That just about sums it up = eso es como el resumen

We shook hands and hugged each other = saludamos y

abrazamos /hagd/

We had no sense of fear about stepping off ladder onto the

moon = bajar la escalera

We just jumped off and started bouncing around like lambs

(corderos) in a field in springtime = rebotar

Did it live up to expectations? Lleno las expectativas

What struck most = lo que más me impresionó

Particular spot = place (lugar)

Jet black = super negro

[Escribir texto]

It was simply breathtaking = so beautiful

It was a long way off = muy lejos

It came off on my hand = se cayo en mis manos

He was quite worked up about it and kept stressing how =

muy alterado

At the time I remember finding him quite patronizing, =

paternalista/condescendencia

He came sprinting /sprInting/ = llego corriendo rápido

I was having coffe before = estaba tomando café

Swearing = palabrotas

It had totally slipped my mind to wake him up = se me olvido

por completo

I used to be a chauffeur ferrying around various stars= chofer

que transportaba estrellas

I finally fetched him = lo recogí

Then I ended up going through red lights and speeding

He went right over the top actually, = se enloquecio

Buy huge amounts of stuff to keep them going = para

mantenerlas

She looked quite taken aback at the time, =

estupefacto/asombrado

This enormous car drew up outside the club = se paro afuera

del bar

And be kept apart from everyone else? Mantenerse apartado

[Escribir texto]

Every other time (de vez en cuando) I’d waited on stars they’d
turned out to be rather mean = se volvieran más bien tacaños

Expressions to use during presentations

Introducing the subjects

1. I’d like to start by…

2. Let’s beging by…

3. First of all, I’ll…

4. Starting with…

5. I’ll begin by…

Finishing one subject

1. Well, I’ve told you about

2. That’s all I have to say about…

3. We’ve looked at… (hemos mirado/estudiado)

4. So much for… (suficiente para)

Starting another subject

1. Now, we’ll move on to… (ahora iremos a…)

2. Let me turn now to… (dejenme cambiar a..)

3. Next…

4. Turning to…

5. I’d like now to discuss

6. Let’s look now at…

Analysing a point and giving recommendatios

1. Where does that lead us?

2. Let’s consider this in more detail…

[Escribir texto]

3. What does this mean for the BC?

4. Translated into real terms…

Giving an example

1. For example…

2. A good example of this is…

3. As an illustration of this…

4. To give you an example…

5. To illustrate this point…

Dealing with questions

1. I’d like to deal with this question later, if I may… (si me permiten)

2. I’ll come back to this question later, in my talk

3. Perhaps you would like to raise (mencionar) this point at the

end…

4. I won’t comment on this now…

5. We’ll be examining (examining) this point in more detail later…

Ordering

1. Firstly… secondly… thirdly… lastly…

2. First of all (ovol)…tehn…next…after…finally

Summarising and concluding

1. In conclusion

2. Right, let’s sum up, shall we?

3. I’d like now to recap

4. Let’s summarise briefly what we’ve looked at… (de lo que hemos
cubierto)

5. Finally let me remind you of some of the issues we’ve covered…

6. If I can Just sum up the main points

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-lang.htm
[Escribir texto]

Well, are you after something? Bueno, que es lo que buscas?

This contains the meat of your presentation… (the most

important details)

Preclude (prohibited)

The 2 handed approach entails having implica tener the

therapist position hr hands on…

Smoother (suave/sin problema)

My first experience was of a low-budget (bajo presupuesto)

English film.

Because it’s so much easier? Porque es mas fácil

These days I wouldn’t take it so personally.

And the do you hone it (reduces). do you go back over it? (lo
repasas)

You need the distance of time to look back (reflexionar) and

see it from a different perspective.

There are actually all sorts of bits and pieces of you

(personalidad) dotted (esparcido) all over your work, aren’t
there?

Her acting career didn’t actually get off (despegó) to a very

promising start.

She was 22 before going on stage (antes de ir a escena) to

avoid her parents

Her voice just got lower and huskier (gangosa)

Although I did once try to write a cookery book (una vez

intenté)
[Escribir texto]

Paid you off = finiquitar

Which pay off (el cual resultó), because she went on acting for
another 25 years after that

At the height of her fame (en el apogee), people could buy all
sorts of mementos (recuerdos) like postcards and
paperweights (pisapapeles) with her picture on.

She had great style and wit (inteligencia)

I went in search of adventure¡

Filthy book (libro guarro), filthy mood (humor de perros).

The town’s noisy and filthy

What can you do in your spare time?

She’ll certainly never be forgotten

I was being taught by painters

I’m particularly fond of Chineses food

That really isn’t my sort of thing

Preferring to scribble down my ideas when I get home

I love the solitude, the sheer pleasure of writing

Tom, writing is a solitary business, but does it go on

being exciting?

I can’t pinpoint the exact moment

I’d come across a book entitled Far Horizons

Things can get down to minus fifty degrees

The local council have “upgraded” our service”

There used to be quite a lot going on, …

[Escribir texto]

Farms are suffering and laying off workers

People are buying up cottages so rising house prices

are hitting the little enterprises.

People are giving up and drifting away

I’m thinking of moving into the town. It’s manageable

here with a car,..

I’m not getting any younger

No commuting, no waiting at draughty bus stops any

more¡

A pitch with a club house

I wouldn’t mind helping to get a grocer’s off the

ground or star a mobile one. It might be fun learning
how to do that.

Actually, even for sigthed people.

They just whip it away, which worries people.

You don’t have to keep on buying a new battery for it.

Making a range of fascinating objects out of metal

But, you don’t come from an artistic background, do

you, Alan?

If my father had had anything to do with it, I’d never

have gone in for sculpture because he was an
accountant.

Go into insurance or banking

I knew he was wrong, so I set out to prove it.

Half-hearted way
[Escribir texto]

He couldn’t have been more supportive

So you went on to the art college.

I was getting a bit fed up

I was looking for something more out of the ordinary.

On the off-chance

What did you get out of it?

Thanks to him you started doing abstract art?

They are meant to mean something, to make you think

Scattered trees

Often hidden away to one side

They would look too much like work

So there I was, all of a sudden it had all happened for

me

“an overnight success”

Did it all seem worth it now?

How was I going to follow it?

“one-hit-wonder”

Locked up (encerrado?)

So it’s quite unlike a novel where you’re in sole charge,

as it were.

It was wearing us all out

Lousy offer (horrorosa/pésima oferta)?

I almost rang them back to give them a piece of my

mind but I thought better of it.
[Escribir texto]

Still, better parts’ll come my way soon.

Roads that were once easy to drive along (a lo largo del

camino) have become congested, and it takes longer (tarda
mucho) to get where you want to go.

One of the main causes of traffic congestion is the

affordability of cars.

Although this may seem difficult at first..

There would be less traffic

_________________________

The bar graph provides information about the most common

sports played in Australia in 2003. It gives figures for both
boys and girls and clearly shows that their participation in
sports is fairly equal. However, their sporting preferences tend
to be different.

According to the graph, the most popular sport among girls is

netball, with participation rates reaching 25 %. A similar
percentage of boys prefer soccer, which is clearly their
favourite sport. Ten per cent of boys also enjoy playing cricket
but hardly any girls take part in this game. While swimming is
opular among boys and girls, fewer boys participate in this
sport – about 13 per cent compared to approximately 22 per
cent of girls.

Other sports such as tennis, basketball and martial arts have

lower levels of popularity, and a significant percentage of boys
and girls say they spprts not referred to on the chart.
[Escribir texto]

Graph 2 is about 5-14-year-olds and graphs 2 is more general

Graph 2 shows the breakdown of boys’ and girls’ sport.

Look at the form and the information and decide what it is

about. De que se trata

Correctly = Corréctly

7:50 am = 10 to 8

10:15 am = a quarter past 10

Alternatively = Oltérnativeli

Long claws to protect = garras /clos/

Decide what kind of information you need to listen out for = to

pay attention

Mr Peterson is unavailable because is off sick = fuera por

enfermedad

That’s all very well =que fácil decir eso

They agree (disagree) with each other = están de acuerdo

uno al otro

Algae /alge/

Lee’s research is groundbreaking = es muy original

"It turns out that using the continuous measures almost certainly is a more efficient strategy for
conducting the trials."
[Escribir texto]

You really had me going there (me estabas

alterando/no me digas eso/me estabas espantando)

I almost gave up on you (casi me doy por vencido

contigo)

You were holding out out on me (me estabas ocultando

salgo)

You mother would have wanted you to have it (que te

lo quedaras)

You’ve held up your end of the deal (has cumplido tu

parte del contrato)

Thanks for stopping by (gracias por visitarme)

Stay out of my way (quitate de mi camino)

Looks like you and me are taking a little vacation

(parece que tu y yo tomaremos unas pequeñas
vacaciones)

It better not to get involve on this (es major no

involucrarse en esto)

Sloppy (desordenado)

I’m through with the lies (estoy acabado/ya basta de

tanta mentiras)

Nothing to be afraid of (no hay nada de que temer)

A giant beehive (una colmena gigante)

Just get me off of this thing (solo dejame fuera de esto)

We have to think this through carefully (tenemos que

reflexionar esto cuidadosamente)
[Escribir texto]

The thing we’ve been after since (la cosa que hemos
estado buscando desde)

I’ll figure something out

(calcular/estimar/investigar/decifrar/resolver)

What my dad wouldn’t give to find this (lo que mi

padre no daría por encontrar esto)

Knock’em dead (acabalos)

The rest of us would’ve done it (el resto de nosotros lo

habrían hecho)

I could get used to this (me puedo acostumbrar a esto)

Occupational hazard (riesgo ocupacional)

Prepositions with verbs, nouns etc.

Don’t approach // the dog I’ll see you next Monday

I arrived AT the station at six I’m not free this Thursday

If you don’t know, ask // John Tell me what time it starts

She’s very good AT languages The exam’s ON my birthday

Congratulations ON your success Let’s meet one weekend

The bus crashed INTO a tree I train every day

It all depends ON the weather She phoned this evening

I’d like details OF your courses x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x.

x.x.x

Let’s discuss //your plans At Easter

I divided the cake INTO three ON Tuesday

parts

Why is she dressed IN black? IN 1994

Nobody entered // the room ON Friday evening

This is an example OF his work IN May

[Escribir texto]

There is no increase IN prices IN the evening

I’m interested IN most sports NEXT Wednesday

He was very kind TO her I don’t know // what time

The soup lacks // salt AT supper time (la hora de la

cena)

I’m looking FOR a place to live This Sunday

He has to look AFTER his mother That afternoon

My sister is married TO a builder ON Sunday afternoon

She married // him last year

He wasn’t very nice TO me

Have you paid FOR the drinks?

We need proof ABOUT/FOR his

story

What’s the reason FOR the

change?

You remind me OF your brother

Who’s responsible FOR security?

I didn’t take part IN the meeting

Could you translate this INTO

Greek?

That’s just typical OF you

I’m reading a novel BY Dickens

IN my opinion you’re wrong

Who’s the man IN the picture?

I love walking IN the rain

Don’t talk WITH that silly voice

[Escribir texto]

The answer // page 29

You are generous, kind, and thoughtful (considerado)

I yearn for you (te anhelo), I have no feeling

whatsoever (no tengo sentimiento alguno) when we’re
apart.

Admittedly = adv. es cierto que; admittedly, it was

dark when I saw him = es cierto que estaba oscuro
cuando lo vi; an admittedly serious case = un caso sin
duda serio

Refuting an argument.
– I am convinced that
– I don’t believe that
– It is hard to accept that
– There is little evidence to support... that
– It is unjustifiable to say that
Defining/Explining
– By… I mean
– By this I mean
– In other words
– That is to say
– To be more precise
– Here I am referring to
– Here I am not referring to
[Escribir texto]

Appropriate. /a’praupiet/ adj (suitable) adecuado(a),

oportuno(a); (proper) adecuado(a), pertinente; the/an
appropriate moment el/un momento adecuado; apply using the
appropriate form solicítese mediante el formulario adecuado; I
am not the most appropriate person to ask no soy la persona
más indicada para preguntar; music/remarks appropriate to the
occasion música apropiada para la ocasión/comentarios
apropiados a la ocasión; take (the) appropriate action adoptar
(las) medidas oportunas or pertinentes; as appropriate según el
caso; delete as appropriate táchese según proceda

appropriate /a’praupieit/

1. (take, steal) apropiarse (de); Hum I seem to have

appropriated this pen from somewhere debo de haberme
apropiado (de) esta pluma en alguna parte

-2. (set aside) (money, funds) asignar, destinar (to or

for a); the funds appropriated for or to the school los
fondos destinados a la escuela