Chapter 14 Section 1

Objectives:

 Describe how chemical reactions produce

new substances that have different chemical
& physical properties

 Identify 4 signs that indicate that a chemical

reaction might be taking place

 Explain what happens to chemical bonds

during a chemical reaction
Question of the Day?

 What do baking bread, launching a space

shuttle, and digesting food have in common?
Chemical Reactions:

 A process in which one or more substances

change to make one or more new substances
Chemical reactions around
you…

 Think about the chemical reactions that occur

in school everyday….

 Make a list
Consider this…

 Carbon dioxide (CO2)

 Dissolved under pressure –
effervescence in carbonated beverages
 Does not combust and is denser than air
– used in fire extinguishers to smother
flames
 Dry ice (CO2 in its solid form) – cooling
effect – it sublimates!!
Signs of Chemical
Reactions:
 Gas formation (bubbles!)

 Solid formation (precipitate)

 Energy change (light, thermal, electrical…)

 Color change
 A Change of Properties:

 Signs don’t guarantee that a chemical change

has taken place

 Formation of NEW substance with

DIFFERENT properties is the key!

http://101science.com/images/beaker.gif
 Bonds: Holding Molecules
Together
 Chemical bond: force that hold 2 atoms
together in a molecule

 Chemical reactions require that original

bonds are broken and new bonds are formed

http://www.blobs.org/science/chemistry/bond.gif http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/PhysicalScience/covalent_bond_animation.gif
Breaking & Making Bonds:

 Molecules are always in motion

 They may bump into each other

 With enough energy, bonds can be broken

 Atoms can rearrange, and new bonds form

 Molecules in Motion…

http://www.aquamem.com/molecular_modeling/DPB_Reaction_Pages/MCA_DMA986_movie_optimized_v1.gif
New Bonds, New Substances

 Sodium is a violently reacting metal

 Chlorine is a poisonous gas

 Combined: Sodium chloride (NaCl) – table

salt!

 Completely harmless together…

Sodium:

 The Periodic Table of Videos – University of

Nottingham
http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/011.htm
Chlorine:

 The Periodic Table of Videos – University of

Nottingham

http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/017.htm
Reference:

 Holt Science and Technology: Physical

Science. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 2007.
Print.