The Word : ‫الكلِمة‬

‫َحـرْ ف‬
There are three types of words:

‫فِـعْـل‬ ‫اسْـم‬

‫السـم‬
ْ ‫ا‬
(Noun) : 1-
That Word which denotes a meaning does not have any tense. Like Name of a person, a place or an object,

the noun is will be example :‫مثال‬ ‫يكون االسم‬:

Man ‫رجُل‬
human
Zaid ‫زيْد‬ ‫إنسانا‬
animal dog ٌ‫كلب‬ ْ ‫حيوانا‬
elephant ‫في ٌل‬
plant olive ٌ‫زيْتون‬ ‫نباتا‬
cucumber ‫خِيا ٌر‬
inanimate wall ‫الحائِط‬ ‫جمادا‬
table ‫الطاولة‬ِ
place Kuwait ‫ال ُكويْت‬ ‫مكانا‬
Cairo ‫القاهِرة‬
time year ‫سنة‬ ‫زمانا‬
moment ‫لحْ ظة‬
adjective beautiful ‫جميلة‬ ‫صفة‬
long ‫طويل‬
a Meaning ( does not have freedom ‫ِاسْ ِت ْقالل‬ ‫معنى (جمرد من الزمان‬
ْ
any tense) trust ‫أمانة‬ (

special features of noun :‫يتميز االسم عن غيره من الكلمات بقبول‬

‫ــِـ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫يا‬ ‫ـًــــــــــٍــــــــــٌـ‬ ‫الـ‬

"‫الس ْفلى‬ ِ ‫"اليد الع ْليا خير ِمن‬

ُّ ‫اليد‬ َ ٌْ ُ ُ
‫ يا فُالن‬، ‫شجرة‬
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 ‫ال ِـف ْـعـل‬
(Verb) : 2-
That Word which denotes an action, has a tense.

‫نَ ْهي‬ ‫أ ْمر‬ ‫ع‬

ٌ ‫ُمضا ِر‬ ‫ماضي‬
Negative Command Imperative Command Present / Future Past

‫ـل‬ ِ
ْ ‫ال تَـ ْف َـع‬ ‫ـل‬
ْ ‫افْ َـع‬ ‫ـل‬
ُ ‫يَـ ْف َـع‬ ‫ـل‬
َ ‫فَ َـع‬
don't do! do! (he) does / will do (he) did

‫ص ْر‬
ُ ‫ال َت ْن‬ ‫ـص ْـر‬
ُ ْ‫اُن‬ ‫ص ُـر‬
ُ ْ‫يَـنـ‬ ‫ـص َـر‬
َ َ‫ن‬
)he) helped
klmbn¨p 1
ِ
ْ ‫تض ِر‬
‫ب‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ْ ‫ضـ ِر‬
‫ب‬ ْ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ـضـ ِر‬
‫ب‬ ْ َ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬
َ ‫ض َـر‬
)he) struck
ASn¨p 2

‫ال َت ْفتَ ْح‬ ‫اِفـْتـَ ْح‬ ‫يَـفـْتـَ ُح‬ ‫فـتـَ َح‬

)he) opened
Xpdì 3

‫ال تَ ْس َم ْع‬ ‫اِ ْس َـم ْـع‬ ‫يَ ْـس َـم ُـع‬ ‫َس ِـم َـع‬ )he) heard
tI«p 4

‫تكر ْم‬
ُ ‫ال‬ ‫اُكـُْـر ْم‬ ‫يـَكـُْر ُم‬ ‫َك ُـر َم‬
)he) honored
BZcWob\mbn 5

‫ب‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ْ ‫ال ْحتس‬ ‫ب‬
ْ ‫ا ْحـس‬ ‫ب‬
ُ ‫يـَ ْحس‬ ‫ـب‬
َ ‫َحس‬
)he) Calculated
IWçIq«n 6

‫الحرف‬
ْ

The Particle 3- :
Particles are of two types.

ِ ‫غَير‬
‫عامل‬
)non causative(
ُْ -1

That particle which does not cause I’raab change in the following word.
Eg. Conjunctions
Examples of conjunctions ْ ‫أمثلة حروف‬
‫عطف‬ :

I bought apple and orange. ‫الب ْرتقال‬

ُ ‫ت التفاح و‬
ُ ‫تري‬
ْ ‫ا ْش‬ and ‫و‬
I eat food then I drank juice. ‫العصير‬
َ ‫بت‬ ِ ّ‫الطعام ثم‬
ُ ‫شر‬ َ ‫أكلت‬
ُ then ‫ث ّم‬
ِ ‫بارد فـلبِست‬
‫الم ْعطف‬ ِ ‫الجو‬
ُّ
The weather is cold so be wear the coat. ْ
So , then ‫ف‬
Present the teacher then student.
‫المعلِّ ُم فالتّالمي ُذ‬
ُ ‫حضر‬.
You want tea or coffee.
‫القهوة ؟‬
ْ ‫ريد الشاي أو‬
ُ ُ‫ ت‬- ‫ْأنت‬ or ‫أو‬
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 .that particle which causes I’raab change in the following word )Causative Particle( ‫عامل‬ -2

ِ
‫الكويت‬ ‫أس ُك ُن في‬
I live in Kuwait ْ ِ
‫الكويت‬ ‫ يف‬- ‫الكويت‬
ُ
ِ ‫اجلي‬ ‫في‬
The pen is in the pocket. ‫ب‬ ْ ‫قلم في‬
ُ ْ‫ال‬ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫اجلي‬
ْ ‫ يف‬- ‫ب‬ ُ ‫اجلي‬
ْ
on 7am. ِ ِ ِ
‫الساعة‬ ‫ يف‬- ُ‫الساعة‬
In / into , on , at

ً ‫الفطور في الساعة السابعة‬

‫صباحا‬ ‫أتناول‬
I have breakfast
َ
ِ ّ‫الكتاب على الط‬
ِ ِ ‫على‬
The book is on the table ‫اولة‬ ُ ‫الطاولة‬ ‫ على‬- ُ‫الطا ِولة‬
On / upon / Over /
above
ِ ِ‫هو ِمن اهل‬
‫ند‬ ِ ‫اهلِْن ُد – ِمن‬
He 's from Egypt.
‫اهلند‬
‫ِم ْن‬
I come out from house. ِ
‫البيت‬ ‫ت ِمن‬ُ ‫خرج‬
ْ
ِ ‫ من‬- ‫البيت‬
‫البيت‬ ُ From / of

ِ
‫السوق‬ ‫هب إلى‬
I go to the market. ُ ‫أ ْذ‬ ِ
‫السوق‬ ‫ من‬- ‫السوق‬
to my father. ‫أكتب ِرسالةً إلى أيب‬
ُ ‫إلى‬
I write a letter
ُ ٍ ‫ إىل‬-
‫أب‬ ‫أب‬
I went to the Hospital. ٌ To

‫ت إىل امل ْشت ْشفى‬

ُ ‫ذهب‬
ْ
ُ
I'm talking about my family
‫أسريت‬
ْ ‫عن‬ْ ‫أتكلّ ُم‬ ‫أسر ٍة‬
ْ ‫عن‬
ْ - ٌ‫أسرة‬
ْ ‫َع ْن‬
from the school. ِ
‫املدرسة‬ ‫ عن‬- ُ‫امل ْدرسة‬
The bank is far
‫البْنك بعيد عن امل ْدرسة‬ From / after/ for /
about

‫أُسافُِر بـالطّائِرة‬ ‫ بالطائر ِة‬- ُ‫الطائرة‬

I travel by plane ‫ِب‬
I cut the apple with knife. ِ ‫الس ّك‬
‫ني‬ ِّ ‫ت التُّفاحة بـ‬
ُ ‫قطع‬
ْ
ِ ‫ بالسك‬- ‫السكني‬
‫ني‬ ُ By, with

I travel with a friend. ٍ ‫أُسافِر مع‬.

‫صديق‬ ٍ ‫ مع‬- ‫صديق‬
‫صديق‬ ٌ
‫َم َع‬
With, together

ٍ ‫ السيارةُ لـ‬.
‫صديق‬
The car is belong to a friend.
ٍ
‫لصديق‬ - ‫صديق‬
ٌ
‫ِل‬
to succeed.
I study
‫س لأجْن َح‬
ُ ‫ْأد ُر‬ to, for

ِ ‫وص ْلت هنا منذ‬

‫ثالثة أيّ ٍام‬ ٍ ‫ من ُذ‬- ٌ‫صالثة‬
‫ثالثة‬ ‫ُم ْن ُذ‬
I arrived here since 3 days.
ُ ُ
since

ِ
‫واهلل‬ ِ - ‫اهلل‬
‫واهلل‬ ُ ‫ َت‬/ ‫َو‬
ِ
‫تاهلل‬ By (in an oath)

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