STRUCTURE OF THE HEART

MYOCARDIAL LAYER

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ENDOCA'RDITIS

Endocarditis is defined as an inflammatory process involving the endothelial layer of the heart including the cardiac valves.

- Davidson (2009)

Endoca,rdi·tls is defined as an lnfectlon of t,he endocardial surface of the heart

- Lewis (2007)

·:·Men are effected 2 to 3 times more than

women

.:. Mortality rate is 20% to 30%

·:·Incidence rate 4.7% per 100,000 people .:. Common in people with cardiac structural

defects & older people

BAC-TERIA

FUNGI

VIRUS

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IIL~; ::1[0[0. ..::I. I~ .........

Mo.uth

ORAL CAVITY

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

GASTRO

~SKIN

....... -----,Il[fy~X ~~~~---, lrach,ea

CARDIAC CONDITIONS

. " "

NONCARDIAC CONDITIONS

1. Prior endocarditis

2.Prosthetic valves

1. Intravenous drug abuse

3.Acquired valve" disease

2. Nosocomial bacterimea

4~Rheumatic heart

" "

disease

5.Pace makers

6. Cardio myopathy

PROC·EDURE AS·SOCIATED RlSKS

INrRAVASCULAR ~ DEVICES

MED:ICAL ~. DIAGNOSTIC PROC'ED,URES

AB,DOMINAL ..---- SURG',ERIES

LAPROSCOPY .......-' PROCEDURES.

- - - _. ;c..

PATHOP~SIOL06Y

:Dam'age.to the endothelial su.rfaee. of'theheart

,Pri'rnar:y fOcus e~f intectien 'frOm causative e;~anism.s adhering lei valve sunce

Bacteria

Virus

-Bra'ili

-kidn~

-,Liver

-sp'leen

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Lt sided heart ~

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embolizatians

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i-_-: ..... Rt'sided Heart embo:lizations

Fannationsof¥egdaUons 'can$isting of fibrin, 'Ieuco~,

,

platelets & m,icrobes'

II

+ Lungs

Local valve

damage

Man age m,e,nt +,

Infiliratio., to supporting struetures,

Healing.

,,: ~: ~:

Sepsis Head Head

fiji,I'ure black

• Low grade fever

• Chills, weakness, malaise & fatigue • Arthralgia, back pain

• Weight loss

• Clubbing of fingers

Osler's nodules

Roth's spots

Janeway's lesions

History collection

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

Physical assessment

Blood culture,

ChestX'ray

Echo cardiography

IllI!jsrra~ion of a :p'3!tient ~ffil:ing ;an ECG. ' -"N:lA.Jvt.

ECG

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DRUG THERAPY

• PencillirrG

• Cefriaxone

• Vancomycin

• Gentamycin

• Ampicillin

• Amphotericin

COMPLICATIONS

eaR fai'lqre

StroKe

'\1alyular stenosis