Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

Welcome to Session
on metrology

E.Gowdhaman

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 Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

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Session Four

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 Out Line
Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

• Comparators and Definition

• Measuring Instruments & Comparators
• Mechanical Comparators
• Advantages and Disadvantages.
protractor

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 Review of Angles
• Angle is defined as the opening between two lines which meet at a
Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

point.
• The basic unit in angular measurement is the right angle.
• For engineering purpose, the angular units are defined in
sexagesimal system* i-e Degree, Minutes, Seconds
• Angular measurement is generally concerned with the
measurement of individual angles on gauges, tools, as well as
small angular changes and deflections
• Only because of perfect/precise angular measurement that ships
and aero plane can navigate confidently with out the help of sight
of land.

* Engineering Metrology by R.K.Jain page 517

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 Fixed angle
Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

• In workshop, in most cases,

the following Fixed Angle
Measurement are used
• 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 135
Deg.
• Try Square is one such
Example for 90Deg
measurement.
• 120Deg Square
• 135deg Square
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 Squares
• The solid square is usually used to check
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squareness of surfaces or to square up parts

on a surface plate prior to inspection
• There are many useful tools that can be used
to precisely measure or check for
squareness.
• The most common perhaps is the solid
square/Tool makers Squares (see Figure).
• The wide portion is referred to as the beam
and the slender upright portion is called the
blade.
.

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 Protractor
Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

• It is to measure the angle between

the two faces of a component
• The plate protractor is capable of
measuring to within 1-degree. The
plate protractor is especially useful
for layout.
• Consist of steel flat bar with degree
and movable blade
• Can be measured upto 30 min.

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 Adjustable Bevel
Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

• Used to check, measure and

transfer angles and laying out
work
• With Adjustable bevel, two
bladed are set and locked in
any position by locking screw
• Then angles are checked by
another measuring devise

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 Combination set
Consist of 4 parts located in the groove of the blade
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 Combination set
• Protractor Bevel can be
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adjusted only by direct

application to lines or surfaces
having the proper angular
relation.
• It often happens that such
adjustment is not feasible and,
therefore, a registering device,
in the form of a graduated arc, is
applied to the bevel, making
what is known as a protractor.
This tool can be used to find the
angular relation in degrees

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 Combination set
• Center Square: Center of a circle is found at the
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intersection of any two diameters, an instrument for readily

finding that point is a great convenience.
• This fig. shows a combination straightedge and square,
called a center square, which accomplishes this result.
• As one edge of the rule bisects the angle of the square, it is
evident that a line drawn by that edge passes through the
center of any circular piece to which the square is applied.
• Locating centers in the ends of round bars or circular work
of any kind is the principal use of this tool.

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 Universal Bevel Protractor
Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

• Also called Vernier

Bevel Protractor
• Used for measuring and
testing angles.
• Accuracy of this
instrument is 5minutes
• Fig shows typical
Vernier Bevel
Protractor.

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 Universal Bevel Protractor
Parts: Consist of Base, Sliding Blade, Graduated
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Disc(Main Disc), Vernier Scale

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 Universal Bevel Protractor
Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

Function
• The Protractor disc is
free to rotate at the pivot
and can be clamped with
the nut in base in
assembly.
• Blade can slide both
ways.
• VS fitted with disc to take
reading during
measurement.

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 Universal Bevel Protractor
Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

Reading Universal Bevel protractor

• The protractor ‘s disc is graduated
in Degrees over an arc 180 Deg,
• It reads Zero to 90Deg both side
of Zero line
• VSD has 12 Div both sides of
Zero line.
• MSD is matched with 23 Div of
VSD
• So 1 Div on Vernier Scale is
23Deg/12

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 Universal Bevel Protractor
Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

Calculating Least count Universal Bevel protractor

• 1 Div on Vernier Scale is 23Deg/12

• Difference between the 2div on MSD& 1
Div on the VSD
• So

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 Reading Universal Bevel protractor
CASE
•
1
1 of all, note the No. of whole Deg bet. Zero on VSD. Whole degree equal to 52Deg
st
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In VDS matching with 45Degs

•

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 Reading Universal Bevel protractor
CASE 2
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 Reading Universal Bevel protractor
Do Your Self
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 Reading Universal Bevel protractor
Do Your Self
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 Reading Universal Bevel protractor
Do Your Self
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 Reading Universal Bevel protractor
Do Your Self
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 Different Methods/Purpose
•The universal bevel protractor is capable of measuring
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obtuse angles as well as acute angles

•When accompanied with the correct attachments. Look
at Figure below to give you an idea as to the uses of the
universal bevel protractor.

Measuring Acute Angles Measuring Obtuse Angles

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 Different Methods/Purpose
Attachments
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Using a protractor with a vernier height gage

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 Reading Suggestions
Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

• Engineering Metrology by R.K.Jain

page 517-520
• All about machine tool by New age int.
(2nd Ed.) Page 112-115
• A text book of Work shop Technology
Page 439-441
• Web portal http://chestofbooks.com

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