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By Puan Haslina for WMSKL Form 4 classes, uploaded by LWC 4W

Wms4w2010.blogspot.com

Aim / Objective
To determine the end point of neutralization
for an acid-base titration and calculate the
concentration of acid used.

Problem statement
How can the end point and concentration of
acid be determined in acid-base titration by
using an indicator?

Hypothesis
The end point of neutralization between ______
acid and ______ hydroxide is reached when
the color of phenolphthalein indicator change
from pink to colorless.

Fixed variables
Volume and concentration of ___________
hydroxide

Manipulated variables
Volume of __________ acid

Responding variables
End point of titration / color change in
phenolphthalein

Material
(Total volume ) and concentration of _________
hydroxide, ___________ acid, phenolphthalein
indicator

Apparatus
50 cm3 burette, 25 cm3 pipette, 25 cm3
conical flask, retort stand with clamp, pipette
pump

Procedure
1. Rinse the burette with small volume of acid
prepared.

2. Rinse the pipette with small volume of


_________ hydroxide.
3. Clamp the burette to a retort stand and
pour the ___________ acid into the
burette. Filled the burette with _______ acid
and adjust the meniscus level to
a reading at zero. The initial burette
reading is recorded.

4. 25 cm3 of _________ hydroxide solution is


draw up into a pipette and then
transferred into a clean conical flask.

5. Place a white tile / paper below the conical


flask.

6. Three / Four drops of phenolphthalein are


added into the _________
hydroxide. (Observe the color of the
solution)

7. The ______ acid is then allowed to run into


the conical flask slowly from the
burette. The conical flask is swirled
throughout the titration.

8. When the colour of the pink solution turns


paler, the _______acid is added a
drop at a time at a very slow pace while
swirling.

9. The addition of _________ acid is


immediately stopped once the solution in the
conical flask turns colorless.

10. The final burette reading is recorded.

11. Steps 3 to 9 are repeated three more


times and all the readings are
tabulated.

Diagram
burette
________ acid

25 cm3 ________ hydroxide

White tile

Results / Data:
(Important note: Burette reading MUST
be two decimal points!!!)

Titration 1(Roug 2 3 4
number h data)
Initial
burette
reading
(cm3)
Final
burette
reading
(cm3)
Volume
of ______
acid
used
(cm3)

Inference:

1. The color of phenopthalein in ________


hydroxide solution is ________
2. End point is reached when the
phenolphthalein color changes from ________
to __________
3. From the experiment, 25 cm3 of _____ mol
dm-3 __________ hydroxide solution exactly
neutralizes _______ cm3 of _________ acid.
4. The chemical equation :
_________________________
5. The ionic equation:
_____________________________
Calculation:
1) Average volume of __________ acid used
= Volume 2 + 3 + 4
3

= _________ cm3
2) Mol of _________ hydroxide = MV
1000

3) Find concentration of acid

Method 1

Example: NaOH + HCl → NaOH +


H 2O
From equation: 1 mol NaOH reacts with 1
mol HCl

Method 2 (use formula)

M aV a = mol a
MbVb mol b
Discussions / Questions

1. Why do we have to rinse the burette with


acid?
2. Why do we have to rinse the pipette with
alkali?
3. Why is the conical flask not rinsed with
alkali?
3. What is use of the white tile / paper in this
activity?
4. If methyl orange is used to replaced
phenolphthalein, what is the color change
at the end point?

Conclusion

The end point in the titration between ______


acid and ______ hydroxide can be determined
using ___________ method.

The concentration of ____________ acid used in


this experiment is ________mol dm-3

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