Chemistry, C6A Electrolysis (S)

4541 CHEMISTRY Chapter 6
Chapter 6 : ELECTROCHEMISTRY
A Understanding properties of Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes.
Three classes of substance that can be made based on electrical conductivity :
Type of substance Characteristic Example

Substances that can conduct electrical
current in solid or liquid state without any
Conductors
chemical changes.
[normally metals and carbon]
Chemical compounds that can conduct
electricity only in molten or aqueous
solution state and undergo chemical
Electrolytes
changes, but cannot conduct electricity in
solid state.
[normally ionic compound, acid and alkali]
Chemical compounds that cannot conduct

Non-electrolytes electricity in molten, aqueous solution and
solid states; normally covalent compound.
☺What are electrolytes?

Electrolytes are substances that …………………………………… electricity either in the
………………………… state or ………………… solution and undergo chemical changes.
Activity 1:-
1 Classify substances given below into electrolytes and non-electrolytes.
Tetrachloromethane, CCl4 molten aluminium oxide, Al2O3 sulphuric acid solution, H2SO4
glucose solution, C6H12O6 molten naphthalene, C10H8 sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH
Electrolytes Non-electrolytes
Chapter 6 1 Electrochemistry
2 Write ( √ ) for the correct statement and ( X ) for the wrong statement.
(a) Solid sodium chloride, NaCl salt is a good electrical conductor.
(b) Mercury, Hg is an electrolyte.
(c) Sulphuric acid, H2SO4 is an electrolyte.

(d) Compounds can conduct electricity in the presence of freely
moving ions.
(e) Covalent compounds can conduct electricity in any states.
Common salt, NaCl is an electrolyte in molten or aqueous
(f)
solution.
3 Explain why a sugar solution does not conduct electricity while a common salt solution
conducts electricity.
.......................................................................................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
4 Complete the chart with the correct answer. (Activity to determine the electrolyte / non-
electrolyte)
Bulb
Cell Switch
Bulb Cell
Carbon electrodes
Carbon electrodes
*Compound
(molten)
*Compound
Bunsen burner
(aqueous solution)
Observation / Bulb lights up

*Compound
Solid Molten Aqueous solution
Sugar, C6H12O6
Lead(II) bromide,
PbBr2
Sodium iodide, NaI
Sulphur, S8
Aluminium oxide,
Al2O3
Naphthalene, C10H8
Iron, Fe
5 Explain why the substances below can conduct electricity or cannot conduct electricity.
Substances Types of compound Explanation
It ……………..…… ..conduct electricity

5.1 Solid sodium chloride, because the ……………..…… and
NaCl ……………..…… are held together in a lattice
and do not ……………..………
When sodium chloride is ……………..……

5.2 Molten sodium or ……………..…… in water, it
chloride
……………..…… conduct electricity.
or
Sodium chloride This is because the ……………..…… and
solution, NaCl
……………..…… are free to move in the
molten state and aqueous solution.
5.3 Ammonia, NH3 in It ……………..…… conduct electricity
methylbenzene/
tetrachloromethane / because it exists as ……………..……
prophanone / ether in organic solvents.
(organic solvents)
5.4 Ammonia It ……………..…… conduct electricity

solution // ammonium
hydroxide, NH4OH because it exists as ……………..………. and
(Ammonia gas ……………..………. in water.
dissolved in water)
Activity 2:-
(i) What is meant by electrolyte?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Copper(II) sulphate crystal does not conduct electricity while copper(II) sulphate solution
does. Explain why.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
B ELECTROLYSIS
1. Electrolysis is a process whereby compounds in …………………… or ………………………..
state are ………… ………….. into their ………………………… …………………………..
by passing ……………………….. through them.
2. Electrolytic cell consists of ……………………, ………………………. and two ……………..
3. Conductor which is dipped into electrolyte, is called as ………………………..
4. There are two electrodes :
Anode (+) : ………………………………………………………………………………………
Cathode (-):………………………………………………………………………………………
Activity 3:-
Lable the diagram of electrolytic cell below :
P Q
T U
A
R S
5. During electrolysis, the negative ions or anions move to the …………. whereas the positive
ions or cation move to the ……………
B1 Electrolysis of Molten Compounds

Example : Electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide, PbBr2
1. In molten lead(II) bromide, ……………… ions and ……………….. ions move freely.
2. When electricity is passed through molten lead(II) bromide, a reaction take place. This is
called ……………………….
3. Lead(II) bromide, PbBr2 is an …………… compound. It consist of ………………….., Pb2+
and ………………….., Br-.
 In solid lead(II) bromide, these ions …… ……… move freely but are held in fixed
positions in a lattice.
 In molten lead(II) bromide, these ions free to move.
4. During electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide, the … …..… ions are attracted and moved to
the …………... whereas the ………… ions are attracted and moved to the ……………
 At the cathode :
 Pb2+ ions undergo discharged.
 Each of Pb2+ ions accepts two electrons to form a neutral lead atom.
Half equation :
Pb2+ + 2e → Pb
 Lead metal is formed.
 At the anode :
 Br- ions undergo discharged.
 Each of Br- ions released one electron to form a neutral bromine atom.
Br- → Br + e
 Two bromine atoms combine to form a bromine molecule.
Half equation :
2Br- → Br2 + 2e
 Bromine gas is released.
 Overall equation :
Pb2+ + 2Br- → Pb + Br2
Activity 4 :-
1. Electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, NaCl using carbon electrodes.

Diagram : (Lable the diagram below)
- + A
 Molten sodium chloride consist of …………… ions and …………………..ions.
Electrode Cathode (-) Anode (+)

Ions that are attracted to //
Na+ Cl-
Ions that are move to
Half equation at Na+ + e → Na 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e
Overall equation
Substances formed //
Sodium Chlorine gas
Products form at
Observation at Shiny silvery metal deposited Greenish-yellow gas released
2. Electrolysis of molten lead(II) oxide using carbon electrodes

Diagram : (Lable the diagram below)
 Molten lead(II) oxide consist of …………… ions and …………………..ions.

Half equation at
Overall equation
Substances formed at //
Products form at
Observation at
B2 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions

Example : Electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution using carbon electrodes.
1. When electricity is passed through copper(II) sulphate solution, a reaction take place.
This is called ……………………….
2. copper(II) sulphate solution, CuSO4 is an …………… compound. It consist of
………………….. ions, Cu2+ , ………………….. ions, SO42- , ……………. ions, H+ and
………………….. ions, OH-.
 In solid copper(II) sulphate, these ions …… ……… move freely but are held in fixed
positions in a lattice.
 In copper(II) sulphate solution, these ions are free to move.
3. During electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution, the ………………… ions move to the
………… whereas the ………………… ions move to the ………………..
 Cu2+ ions and H+ ions move to the cathode.
 Cu2+ ions are selectively* discharged.
 Each of Cu2+ ions accepts two electrons to form a neutral copper atom.
Half equation :
Cu2+ + 2e → Cu
 ………….. metal is formed.
 At the anode :
 SO42- ions and OH- ions move to the anode.
 OH- ions are selectively* discharged by donating electrons.
Half equation :
4OH- → 2H2O + O2 + 4e
 Oxygen gas is formed.
Activity 5 :-
1. Write the formulae for the ions present in the following aqueous solution.
Then identify which ions are selectively* discharged at the anode and cathode
respectively during electrolysis. [ Inert electrodes such as carbon and platinum are used]
Ions present in the Ions that are selectively discharge
Aqueous solution
solution Anode Cathode
Aqueous Zinc sulphate, ZnSO4(aq)
Dilute nitric acid, HNO3(aq)
Aqueous potassium hydroxide, KOH(aq)
Aqueous silver nitrate, AgNO3(aq)
0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq)
2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq)
2. Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid, H2SO4 using carbon electrodes :

 Sulphuric acid, H2SO4 consist of ………………….. ions, …………………. ions and
………………….. ions.
 During electrolysis, the ………………… ions move to the cathode whereas the
………………… ions and ………..……… ions move to the anode.
 ……………………….. ions undergo discharged.
 Each of ……………. ion accepts ………… electron to form a neutral
hydrogen atom.
Half equation :
H+ + e → H
 ……….. hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen ………………...
Half equation :
2H+ + 2e → H2
 …………………. gas is released.
 At the anode :
 SO42- ions and OH- ions move to the anode.
 OH- ions are selectively discharged by donating electrons.
Half equation :
4OH- → 2H2O + O2 + 4e
 Oxygen gas is formed.
Dilute solution Inert electrode
3. Electrolysis of 0.1 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution, AgNO3 using carbon electrodes :
 Silver nitrate solution, AgNO3 (aq) consist of ………………….. ions,

…………………. ions, …………………. ions and ………………….. ions.

Ions that are selectively
discharge at
Reason
Half equation at
Substances formed at //
Products at
Observation at
4. Write half equations to represent the discharge of ions at the anode and the cathode for
each electrolyte and then, predict the products formed.
Half equations Products
Electrolysis
Anode (+) Cathode (-) Anode Cathode
(a) Electrolysis of dilute

zinc chloride, ZnCl2
aqueous solution using
carbon electrodes
(b) Electrolysis of dilute

lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2
aqueous solution using
platinum electrodes
(c) Electrolysis of dilute

magnesium sulphate,
MgSO4 aqueous solution
using carbon electrodes
 Why all the products formed at the anodes and the cathodes for (a), (b) and (c) are the same?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B3 Factors That Affect The Electrolysis Of An Aqueous Solution

There are …………… factors that may influence the selective discharge of ions during the
electrolysis of an aqueous solution :
 ……………………………………………………………………………………….
 ……………………………………………………………………………………….
 ……………………………………………………………………………………….
(a) When more than one type of ions move towards the electrode during electrolysis, only one type
of ion is selected to be discharged. Selective discharge only occur in aqueous solution because
it usually has more than one type of ions attracted to the anode or cathode.
(b) The selection of ion for discharge depends on three factors :

(I)The position of ions in the Electrochemical Series (normally in dilute solution and inert
electrodes are used)
(II) The concentration of electrolyte / ions (normally in concentrated solution and inert
electrodes are used)
(III)The types of electrode (when active metal electrode is used)
(I) The position of ions in the Electrochemical Series
When electricity is conducted in dilute solution used inert electrodes, the cations or anions in
the lower position in the Electrochemical Series will be selectively discharged.
Electrochemical Series
Cation Anion
K+ F-
Na+ SO42-
Ca2+ NO3-
Mg2+ Cl-
Al3+ Br-
Zn2+ Easier I-
Fe2+ to discharge OH-
Sn2+
Pb2+
H+
Cu2+
Ag+
Activity 6 :-
1 Select the ion to be discharged from the following pairs of ions.
Write the discharge equation and state at which electrode it occurs.
At Anode
Ion to be
pair of ions Discharge equation or
discharged
Cathode
(i) OH- & SO42-
(ii) OH- & NO3-
(iii) H+ & Cu2+
(iv) H+ & K+
(v) H+ & Sn2+
2 Complete the following table for the electrolysis of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium nitrate solution, using
carbon electrodes.
Apparatus set-up :
Carbon electrodes
sodium nitrate solution

0.1 mol dm-3
Write the electrolyte ionisation

equation
Ions exist in electrolyte Na+, NO3-, H+, OH-

At the Anode (+) At the Cathode
Write the formulae of ions that
are attracted to the anode and NO3-, OH- Na+, H+
cathode
discharge OH- H+
Reason
Write half equation (discharge

equation) of the reaction
occured at the anode and
cathode
Name of the products at the
anode and cathode
Observations
Method : Method :
Placed a glowing wooden Placed a burning wooden
splinter in the test tube. splinter near the mouth of the
Confirmatory test test tube.
[ method and observations of
the test ] Observation : Observation :
Glowing wooden splinter is A ‘pop’ sound is produced.
lighted up.
3 Electrolysis of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, using carbon electrodes.
Apparatus set-up :
Complete the following table :

equation
Ions exist in electrolyte
At the Anode At the Cathode

are attracted to the anode and
cathode
discharge
cathode
anode and cathode
Observations
Confirmatory test
the test ]
4 Complete the following table for the electrolysis of 0.1 mol dm -3 aqueous dilute sodium
chloride solution, using carbon electrodes.
Apparatus set-up :

equation
At the Anode At the Cathode

cathode
discharge
cathode
anode and cathode
Observations
Confirmatory test
the test ]
(II) Concentration of electrolyte
When electrolysis is carried out using inert electrodes and concentrated solutions, ions that
are more concentrated will be selected to discharge, but this is only true for halide ions;
which are Cl-, Br- and I-.
Activity 7 :-
State the selected ions to be discharged at the anode and cathode for the following concentrated
solutions, using carbon electrodes.
Ions exist in the Ions that are selectively discharge at
Electrolyte
electrolyte Cathode Anode
Concentrated
(a) hydrochloric acid
solution, HCl
Concentrated
(b) potassium iodide
solution, KI
Concentrated sodium
(c) chloride solution,
NaCl
Concentrated silver
(d) nitrate solution,
AgNO3
Concentrated
(e) copper(II) sulphate
solution, CuSO4
Activity 8 :-
1 Electrolysis of :
Set I : 0.001 mol dm-3 hydrochoric acid, HCl(aq)
Set II : 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochoric acid, HCl(aq)
using carbon electrodes.
Carbon electrode
0.001 mol dm-3 2.0 mol dm-3

hydrochoric acid hydrochoric acid
A A
Set I Set II
Based on the diagram above, complete the following table :
The electrolyte ionisation

equation
Set I : 0.001 mol dm-3 dilute HCl Set II : 2.0 mol dm-3 concentrated HCl
The ions that are move to
the cathode
discharge
Discharge equation at the
Cathode
Name of the product at
the Cathode
The ions that move to the
Anode
Selective ion
Anode
the Anode
Observation at Cathode
Observation at Anode
Confirmatory test for

product form at anode*.
[ method and observation
of the test ]
2 Electrolysis of 2.0 mol dm-3 concentrated sodium iodide solution, using carbon electrodes.
Apparatus set-up :
Complete the following table :
NaI  Na+ + I-
equation H2O H+ + OH-
At the anode At the cathode

cathode
Ions that selected to discharge
Write the reaction equation at

the anode and cathode

anode and cathode
Observations
Confirmatory test
(III) Types of electrode
There are two types of electrode :

 Inert electrode
An electrode that acts as a conductor of current only and does not undergo any
chemical changes. Normally are made of carbon or platinum.
These electrodes do not participate in an electrolysis but merely provide a surface for the
release of electrons.
 Non-inert/ active electrode

An electrode that not only acts as a conductor of current but also undergoes chemical
changes. During the electrolysis, the metal anode will corrode while the reaction at the
cathode is similar to the reaction at carbon electrode. Consist of metal anodes such as
copper, silver and nickel.
Inert electrodes Active electrodes
Set I A A
Carbon rod Copper plate
Copper(II) sulphate
solution
Set II A A
Carbon rod Silver plate
Silver nitrate
solution
Set III A A
Platinum Copper
Dilute copper(II)
nitrate solution
Activity 9 :-
Complete the following table for the electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm-3 of copper(II) sulphate
solution, using carbon and copper electrodes.
Apparatus set-up :
Set I : Carbon electrodes Set II : Copper electrodes
A
Carbon
electrodes Copper plate
1.0 mol dm-3
CuSO4
solution

equation
Set I : Carbon electrodes Set II : Copper electrodes

cathode
cathode
the cathode
anode
anode
the anode
Observations Cathode
at the
Anode
Observation at the Blue colour becomes paler/fade//
electrolyte after a while
No change (Blue colour remains)
Blue colour becomes colourless.
The concentration of ions

in the electrolyte after a
while and the explanation
the rate of formation of copper(II) ions, Cu2+ at the anode is

the same as the rate of discharge of copper(II) ions, Cu 2+ at
the cathode.
Activity 10 :-
Complete the following table for the electrolysis of :

Set I : Electrolysis of 0.02 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution using carbon electrodes
Set II : Electrolysis of 0.02 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution using silver electrodes
Apparatus set-up :
Set I : Carbon electrodes Set II : Silver electrodes
A
Carbon
electrodes Silver plate
0.02 mol dm-3
AgNO3
solution

equation
Set I : Carbon electrodes Set II : Silver electrodes

cathode
cathode
the cathode
anode
anode
the anode
Observations Cathode
at the
Anode
Activity 11 :-
1. Write half equations to represent the discharge of ions at the anode and the cathode for
each electrolyte and then, predict the products formed.
Half equation Product

Electrolytes
Cathode Anode Cathode Anode
1. Electrolysis of dilute
copper(II) sulphate solution
2. Electrolysis of dilute
copper(II) sulphate solution
using copper electrodes
3. Electrolysis of dilute sodium

chloride solution using
carbon electrodes
4. Electrolysis of concentrated
sodium chloride solution
2. Figure below shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of a dilute
aqueous sodium chloride solution using carbon electrode.
electrode P
electrode Q
Dilute sodium chloride solution
(a) (i) What is meant by cation?
............................................................................................................................
(ii) Identify the anode and the cathode.
The anode : .....................................................................................................
The cathode : ....................................................................................................
(b) Write the formulae of all the ions present in the dilute sodium chloride solution.
............................................................................................................................
.............
(c) Write the ionic equation for the reaction at :

(i) electrode P :
............................................................................................................................
(ii) electrode Q :
............................................................................................................................
(d) If a concentrated sodium chloride solution is used in the above electrolysis,
(i) name the gas collected in the test tube at electrode P. Explain why?
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(ii) the volume of gas collected in the test tube at electrode Q is 20.00 cm 3.
How many molecules of the gas in the test tube?
[ 1 mol of gas occupies a volume of 24.0 dm3 at room condition ]
[ Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 × 1023 ]
C Evaluating Electrolysis in Industry

Uses of electrolysis
State the uses of electrolysis in industries
(a) Extraction
Aluminium metal is extracted from its ore, bauxite, which contains aluminium oxide, Al2O3.
Aluminium metal is extracted by electrolysing a mixture of aluminium oxide and cryolite
using carbon electrodes.
Cryolite is added to lower the melting point of Al2O3 from 2045 0C to about 900 0C.
Blocks of carbon
as ……………..
Carbon lining
as
…………..
Molten aluminium oxide
+ cryolite, Na3AlF6
Molten
aluminium
(i) Write the equation representing the process at the cathode and the anode.
Cathode : ………………………………………………………………………...
Anode : ………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Which substances act as :
Cathode : ………………………………………………………………………...
Anode : …………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) Name the products formed at cathode : …………………… and anode : …………………..
(iv) State the function of cryolite.

Cryolite is used to …………………… the melting point of aluminium oxide.
Activity 12 :-
Extraction of Aluminium
Fill in the blanks with the words provided in the boxes.
Al3+ Al3+ Al3+ + 3e → Al

O2- O2- 2O2- → O2 + 2e
cryolite lower aluminium oxide
electrolysis electrolyte carbon blocks
collected denser 4Al3+ + 6O2- → 4Al + 3O2
1. Aluminium is extracted from …………………………………………. by electrolysis.
2. The ……………………… is molten aluminium oxide dissolved in molten ……………….
3. This molten mixture melts at a …………………… temperature than pure aluminium oxide.
4. This enables the …………………………………… to be conducted at a lower temperature.
5. The electrolyte contains the …………………. (cation) and …………………….(anion).
6. The anode is made up of a series of ……………………………...
7. Liquid aluminium is …………………….. than the electrolyte and will be …………………...

at the bottom of the electrolytic cell..
8. Electrolysis reactions at :
 Anode :
…………………….. ions are discharged.
Half equation for the discharge of ion : ……………………………………………..
 Cathode :
…………………….. ions are discharged.
Half equation for the discharge of ion : ………………………………………………
 This produces molten aluminium which ………………… at the bottom of the tank.
9. The overall equation for the reaction :
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Purification
Purification Of Copper
Look at the diagram below. Use the information given to label the diagram.
A C
B D
Fill in the blanks with the words provided in the box.
Cu2+ atom impurities
smaller bigger Cu2+ + 2e → Cu

anode cathode Cu → Cu2+ + 2e
pure copper impure copper 2Al3+ + 6O2- → 2Al + 3O2
1. The cathode is made of ………………………….
2. The anode is made of …………………………….
3. Electrolysis reactions :
 Anode :
Copper ………………… are ionised.
Half equation for the ionisation : ………………………………………
The anode slowly gets …………………………
 Cathode :
……………………… are discharged.
Half equation for the discharge of ion : ……………………………….
The cathode slowly gets ………………………
4. The …………………….. from the anode drop to the bottom of the cell.
Electrical source
Activity 13 :-
A
1. The electrolytic cell shown below is a single representation of an industrial process.
Impure copper plate Pure copper plate
Copper(II) sulphate
solution
(a) Identify the anode and the cathode.
Cathode : ………………………………………………………………………...
Anode : ………………………………………………………………………….
(b) State the observation at the :
cathode : ………………………………………………………………………...
anode : ………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Write the half equation for the reaction at :
cathode : ………………………………………………………………………...
anode : ………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Named the product at the :
cathode : ………………………………………………………………………...
anode : ………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Electroplating
Fill in the blanks with the words provided in the box.
discharged cathode coating ions
anode dissolves copper Cu2+
1. Electroplating is ………………………. an object with a metal by electrolysis.
2. The …………………… is made of the plating metal (metal to be plated onto the object).
3. The …………………… is the object to be plated.
4. The electrolyte is a solution that contain the ………………………. of the plating metal.
5. During electroplating, metal from the anode ……………………….. in the electrolyte as a

metal ions.
6. These ions go to the cathode where they are ………………….. onto the object as a layer of
metal.
7. An example of electroplating copper onto an object is shown in the diagram below.

Use the information given to label the diagram drawn.
8. Electrolysis reactions :
 Anode :
……………………….. atoms are ionized.
Half equation for the ionization of the atom : ……………………………………
 Cathode :
………………………………… ions are discharged.
Half equation for the discharged of ion : ………………………………………………
Activity 14 :-
1 The diagram shows the set-up of the apparatus used to electroplate an iron nail with silver.
Iron nail Silver foil
Silver nitrate solution
(a) State two mistakes in the set-up of apparatus in the diagram above?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) After the mistakes are fixed, the electroplating process is continued.
What is observed at the anode and cathode after 30 minutes?
Anode :…………………………………………………………………………………
Cathode : ………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Show your analysis :
2 Mamat wants to electroplate his coin with copper.

(a) Draw a diagram to show the apparatus set-up.
In your diagram, label
(i) a suitable electrolyte
(ii) the anode and cathode
(b) Show your analysis.
(c) Two steps that must be taken to get a better electroplated coin.
The Effects of the uses of electrolysis in industries
1. State the effects of the uses of electrolysis in industries :
Reactive metals can be …………………… by electrolysis.

A very thin layer of metal can be …………………. on an object
(a) Benefits using electrolysis.
Electrolysis can be used to produce a very ………………. metal.
Electrolysis may cause …………………………….

(b) Disadvantages Electrolysis is an ……………………………. process because it
require a large amount of energy.

Chemistry, C6A Electrolysis (S)

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4541 CHEMISTRY Chapter 6

Three classes of substance that can be made based on electrical conductivity :

Type of substance Characteristic Example

Chemical compounds that cannot conduct

☺What are electrolytes?

………………………… state or ………………… solution and undergo chemical changes.

1 Classify substances given below into electrolytes and non-electrolytes.

(a) Solid sodium chloride, NaCl salt is a good electrical conductor.

(b) Mercury, Hg is an electrolyte.

(c) Sulphuric acid, H2SO4 is an electrolyte.

Observation / Bulb lights up

Substances Types of compound Explanation

It ……………..…… ..conduct electricity

When sodium chloride is ……………..……

5.4 Ammonia It ……………..…… conduct electricity

2. Electrolytic cell consists of ……………………, ………………………. and two ……………..

3. Conductor which is dipped into electrolyte, is called as ………………………..

4. There are two electrodes :

Anode (+) : ………………………………………………………………………………………

Lable the diagram of electrolytic cell below :

B1 Electrolysis of Molten Compounds

1. Electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, NaCl using carbon electrodes.

 Molten sodium chloride consist of …………… ions and …………………..ions.

Electrode Cathode (-) Anode (+)

Observation at Shiny silvery metal deposited Greenish-yellow gas released

2. Electrolysis of molten lead(II) oxide using carbon electrodes

 Molten lead(II) oxide consist of …………… ions and …………………..ions.

Electrode Cathode (-) Anode (+)

B2 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions

2. Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid, H2SO4 using carbon electrodes :

Dilute solution Inert electrode

 Silver nitrate solution, AgNO3 (aq) consist of ………………….. ions,

Electrode Cathode (-) Anode (+)

(a) Electrolysis of dilute

(b) Electrolysis of dilute

(c) Electrolysis of dilute

B3 Factors That Affect The Electrolysis Of An Aqueous Solution

(b) The selection of ion for discharge depends on three factors :

(I) The position of ions in the Electrochemical Series

Fe2+ to discharge OH-

sodium nitrate solution

Write the electrolyte ionisation

Ions exist in electrolyte Na+, NO3-, H+, OH-

Write half equation (discharge

3 Electrolysis of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, using carbon electrodes.

Complete the following table :

Write the electrolyte ionisation

Ions exist in electrolyte

At the Anode At the Cathode

Write the electrolyte ionisation

Ions exist in electrolyte

At the Anode At the Cathode

(II) Concentration of electrolyte

0.001 mol dm-3 2.0 mol dm-3

The electrolyte ionisation

Ions exist in electrolyte

Confirmatory test for

Complete the following table :

Ions exist in electrolyte

At the anode At the cathode

Ions that selected to discharge

Write the reaction equation at

Name of the products at the