Latin Verbs: sum, esse, fui, futurus (to be)

Active, Indicative

Let us begin with “being.” Not only is the word to be an essential Latin word with a high frequency, but it is also a
necessary element of understanding some of the verb forms that we will be studying later.

Leaving aside for now all grammatical terminology, simply remember the following equivalencies in the following table.

To say: Latin says: To say: Latin says: To say: Latin says: To say: Latin says:

I am sum I was eram I was fui I will be ero

you are es you were eras you were fuisti you will be eris

he/she/it is est he/she/ it was erat he/she/it was fuit he/she/it will be erit

we are sumus we were eramus we were fuimus we will be erimus

you (pl.) estis you (pl.) were eratis you (pl.) were fuistis you (pl.) will be eritis

they are sunt they were erant they were fuerunt they will be erunt

This is specific point in “Shall” is also an

time!! Also, “have/has accepted translation for
been” the future tense.

The first column represents the present tense of sum, esse, fui, futurus, the second column the imperfect tense, the third
column the perfect tense, and the fourth column the simple future tense.

To say: Latin says: To say: Latin says:

I had been fueram I will/shall have been fuero

you had been fueras you will/shall have been fueris

he/she/it has been fuerat he/she/it will have been fuerit

we have been fueramus we will have been fuerimus

you (pl.) have been fueratis you (pl.) will have been fueritis

they have been fuerant they will have been fuerint

The first column represents the pluperfect tense of sum, esse, fui, futurus, the second column is the future perfect tense.