Femap Structural - Verification Guide

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Verification Guide
Version 8.2
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Table of Contents
Proprietary and Restricted Rights Notice
Overview
Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Nodal Loads on a Cantilever Beam ....................................................................................4
Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam ..........................................................................6
Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam ............................................................................9
Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam ................................................................................12
Thermal Strain, Displacement, and Stress on Heated Beam ............................................15
Uniformly Distributed Load on Linear Beam ..................................................................18
Membrane Loads on a Plate .............................................................................................21
Thin Wall Cylinder in Pure Tension .................................................................................24
Thin Shell Beam Wall in Pure Bending ...........................................................................27
Strain Energy of a Truss ...................................................................................................30
Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Elliptic Membrane ............................................................................................................34
Cylindrical Shell Patch Test .............................................................................................39
Laminate Strip ..................................................................................................................42
Hemisphere-Point Loads ..................................................................................................44
Z–Section Cantilever ........................................................................................................47
Skew Plate Normal Pressure .............................................................................................49
Thick Plate Pressure .........................................................................................................53
Solid Cylinder/Taper/Sphere–Temperature ......................................................................58
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Undamped Free Vibration - Single Degree of Freedom ...................................................65
Two Degrees of Freedom Undamped Free Vibration - Principle Modes .........................68
Three Degrees of Freedom Torsional System ..................................................................71
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System ....................................................73
Cantilever Beam Undamped Free Vibrations ...................................................................76
Natural Frequency of a Cantilevered Mass ......................................................................78
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Bench-

marks
Bar Element Test Cases ....................................................................................................82
Pin-ended Cross - In-plane Vibration ........................................................................83
Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane Vibration ...........................................................86
Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibration ....................................................................89
72&
Cantilever with Off-Center Point Masses ................................................................. 92

Deep Simply-Supported Beam .................................................................................. 95
Circular Ring - In-plane and Out-of-plane Vibration ................................................ 98
Cantilevered Beam .................................................................................................. 101
Plate Element Test Cases ................................................................................................ 104
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate -Symmetric Modes ............................................... 105
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate - Anti-symmetric Modes ...................................... 108
Free Thin Square Plate ............................................................................................ 111
Simply-Supported Thin Square Plate ...................................................................... 114
Simply-Supported Thin Annular Plate .................................................................... 117
Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate ................................................................................. 121
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with Distorted Mesh ............................................. 124
Simply-Supported Thick Square Plate, Test A ....................................................... 129
Simply-Supported Thick Square Plate, Test B ........................................................ 133
Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate ............................................................................... 136
Simply-Supported Thick Annular Plate .................................................................. 140
Cantilevered Square Membrane .............................................................................. 144
Cantilevered Tapered Membrane ............................................................................ 148
Free Annular Membrane ......................................................................................... 152
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate ............................................................................... 156
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate #2 .......................................................................... 161
Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases ....................................................... 164
Free Cylinder - Axisymmetric Vibration ................................................................ 165
Thick Hollow Sphere - Uniform Radial Vibration .................................................. 168
Simply-Supported Annular Plate -Axisymmetric Vibration ................................... 171
Deep Simply-Supported Solid Beam ...................................................................... 174
Simply-Supported Solid Square Plate ..................................................................... 178
Simply-Supported Solid Annular Plate ................................................................... 182
Cantilevered Solid Beam ......................................................................................... 186
Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mechaniciens

Mechanical Structures - Linear Statics Analysis with Bar or Rod Elements ................. 191
Short Beam on Two Articulated Supports .............................................................. 192
Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid Element .......................................................... 194
Transverse Bending of a Curved Pipe ..................................................................... 196
Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arc ......................................................................... 199
Nodal Load on an Articulated Rod Truss ................................................................ 201
Articulated Plane Truss ........................................................................................... 203
Beam on an Elastic Foundation ............................................................................... 206
Mechanical Structures - Linear Statics Analysis with Plate Elements ........................... 209
Plane Shear and Bending Load on a Plate ............................................................... 210
Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole .......................................................................... 212
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Circular Plate ..................................................... 215
Torque Loading on a Square Tube .......................................................................... 218
Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pressure .................................................................. 221
72&
Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder ........................................................225

Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall Cylinder ........................................................229
Gravity Loading on a Thin Wall Cylinder ..............................................................232
Pinched Cylindrical Shell ........................................................................................236
Spherical Shell with a Hole .....................................................................................239
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate .................242
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rhomboid Plate ...................247
Shear Loading on a Plate .........................................................................................251
Mechanical Structures - Linear Statics Analysis with Solid Elements ...........................254
Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension ...............................................................................255
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Spherical Container ......................................261
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Infinite Cylinder ...........................................268
Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending ...............................................................................274
Thick Plate Clamped at Edges .................................................................................279
Mechanical Structures - Normal Modes/Eigenvalue Analysis .......................................284
Lumped Mass-Spring System ..................................................................................285
Short Beam on Simple Supports ..............................................................................288
Axial Loading on a Rod ..........................................................................................291
Cantilever Beam with a Variable Rectangular Section ...........................................294
Thin Circular Ring ...................................................................................................297
Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two Points ............................................................300
Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe Elbow ...................................................................303
Cantilever Beam with Eccentric Lumped Mass ......................................................307
Thin Square Plate (Clamped or Free) ......................................................................311
Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate ......................................................................314
Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub .........................................................................317
Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-free Thin Shell ..................................................320
Bending of a Symmetric Truss ................................................................................323
Hovgaard’s Problem - Pipes with Flexible Elbows .................................................326
Rectangular Plates ...................................................................................................328
Stationary Thermal Tests - Steady State Heat Transfer Analysis ...................................330
Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Temperatures ...................................................................331
Hollow Cylinder - Convection ................................................................................334
Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density ...............................................................................337
Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials - Convection ................................................340
Wall - Convection ....................................................................................................344
Wall - Fixed Temperatures ......................................................................................347
L-Plate .....................................................................................................................350
Hollow Sphere - Fixed Temperatures, Convection .................................................353
Hollow Sphere with Two Materials -Convection ....................................................356
Thermo-mechanical Test - Linear Statics Analysis ........................................................360
Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe ............................................................................361
Index ...............................................................................................................................365
Overview
This guide contains verification test cases for the FEMAP Structural solver. These test cases
verify the function of the different FEMAP Structural analysis types using theoretical and
benchmark solutions from well–known engineering test cases. Each test case contains test
case data and information, such as element type and material properties, results, and refer-
ences.
The guide contains test cases for:
• Linear Statics verification using theoretical solutions
• Linear Statics verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks
• Normal Modes/Eigenvalue verification using theoretical solutions
• Normal Modes/Eigenvalue verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks
• Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mechaniciens
Linear Statics Verification Using
Theoretical Solutions
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of the FEMAP Structural
Statics Analysis software using theoretical solutions. The test cases are relatively simple in
form and most of them have closed–form theoretical solutions.
The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well–known engineering texts.
For each test case, a specific reference is cited. All theoretical reference texts are listed at the
end of this topic.
The finite element method is very flexible in the types of physical problems represented. The
verification tests provided are not exhaustive in exploring all possible problems, but represent
common types of applications.
This overview provides information on the following:
• understanding the test case format
• understanding comparisons with theoretical solutions
• references
Understanding the Test Case Format

Each test case is structured with the following information:
• test case data and information
- physical and material properties
- finite element modeling (modeling procedure or hints)
- units
- solution type
- element type
- boundary conditions (loads, constraints)
• results
• references (text from which a closed–form or theoretical solution was taken)
Note: . The node numbers listed in each case refer to the node numbers in the neutral
(.neu) files associated with this guide. If you remesh a model, or rebuild that
model from scratch, your node numbering may differ.

In addition to these example problems, test cases from NAFEMS (National Agency for
Finite Element Methods and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.)
have been executed. Results for these test cases can be found in the next section, Linear Stat-
ics Analysis Verification Using NAFEMS Standard Benchmarks.
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical

Solutions
While differences in finite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible,
some tests would require an infinite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Ele-
ments are chosen to achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing
times.
Results reported here are results which you can compare to the referenced theoretical solu-
tion. Other results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoret-
ical and finite element solutions are carried out with the same significant digits of accuracy.
The closed–form theoretical solution may have restrictions, such as rigid connections, that
do not exist in the real world. These limiting restrictions are not necessary for the finite ele-
ment model, but are used for comparison purposes. Verification to real world problems is
more difficult but should be done when possible.
The actual results from the FEMAP Structural software may vary insignificantly from the
results presented in this document. This variation is due to different methods of performing
real numerical arithmetic on different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element
formulations which SDRC has made to improve results under certain circumstances.
References
The following references have been used in the Linear Statics Analysis verification prob-
lems presented:
1. Beer and Johnston, Mechanics of Materials, (New York: McGraw–Hill, Inc., 1992.)
2. Harris, C. O., Introduction to Stress Analysis, (1959.)
3. Roark, R. and Young, W., Formulas for Stress and Strain, 5th Edition, (New York:
McGraw–Hill Book Company, 1975.)
4. Shigley, J. and Mitchel L., Mechanical Engineering Design, 4th Edition, (New York:
McGraw–Hill Book Company, 1983.)
5. Timoshenko, S., Strength of Materials, Part I, Elementary Theory and Problems, (New
YorK: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1955.)
Nodal Loads on a Cantilever Beam
The complete model and results for this test case are in file mstvl001.neu.
Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the stress at the end of the
beam.
Test Case Data and Information
Element Types
bar
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length=480 in
Cross Sectional Properties

• Area = 30 x 30 in
• Iy =Iz = 67500 in4
Material Properties
• E = 30 E+06 psi
Finite Element Modeling

• 5 nodes
• 4 successive bar elements along the X axis

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Constrain the left end (node 1) of the beam in all six degrees.
Loads
Set nodal force to 50,000 lb. in the negative Y direction.
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Beam End A1 Z Shear

Force Stress T2 Translation (Node 5)
(Node 1)
Bench Value 5333.3 0.91022
FEMAP Structural 5333.3 0.913
Difference 0% 0.30%
Reference
• Beer and Johnston, Mechanics of Materials, (New York: McGraw–Hill, Inc., 1992.) p.
716.
Axial Distributed Load on a Linear
Beam
Determine the stress, elongation, and constraint force due to an axial loading along a linear
beam.
Element Type
bar
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 300 in

• Area = 9 in2
• square cross section (3 in x 3 in)
• I = 6.75 in4
Material Properties
E = 30E+6 psi

• 31 nodes

• 30 bar elements along the X axis, each 10 inches long.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Constrain one end of the beam (node 1) in all translations and rotations.
Loads
Set the axial distributed load (force per unit length) to 1000lb/in for the 10–inch long ele-
ment (element 30) furthest from the constrained end.
Solution Type
Statics

Results
Beam End A1 T1 Constraint

T1 Translation
Axial Stress Force
(Node 2)
(Node 1) (Node 1)
Bench value 1111.1 0.0111111 -10,000
FEMAP Structural 1111.1 0.0109258 -10,000
Difference 0 1.6% 0
Reference
76.
Distributed Loads on a Cantilever
Beam
Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the stress at the midpoint of the
beam and the reaction force at the restrained end.
Element Type
bar
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Length = 480 in

• Area = 900 in2
• Iy = Iz = 67500 in4
Material Properties
E = 30 E+06 psi

• 9 nodes

• 8 successive bar elements along the X axis
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Constrain the left end of the beam (node 1) in all translations and rotations.
Loads
Define a distributed load on the elements of 250 lb/in in the negative Y direction.
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Beam End A1Z Bend Total Constraint

Total Translation
Stress Force
(node 5)
(node 1) (lb)
Bench Value 6,400.0 0.8190 120,000
FEMAP Structural 6,400.0 0.8225* 120,000
Difference 0.0% 0.43% 0

* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.

Reference
716.
Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam
Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the bending stress of the beam
and the reaction force at the restrained end.
Element Type
bar
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in

• Area = 900 in2
• Iy = Iz = 67500 in4
Material Properties
E = 30 E+06 psi

• 9 nodes

• 8 successive bar elements along the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Constrain the left end of the beam (node 1) in all translations and rotations.
Loads
Set the Z–moment of the end node (node 5) to 2.5e+6 in–lb.
Solution Type
Statics

Results
Beam End A1 Z Bend Total Constraint

Total Translation (in)
Stress (psi) Moment (lb.)
(node 5)
(node 1) (node 1)
Bench Value 555.6 0.1422 2.5E+06
FEMAP Structural 555.6 0.1422 2.5E+06
Difference 0 0 0
Reference
• Beer and Johnston, Mechanics of Materials, (New York: McGraw–Hill Inc., 1992.) p.
716.
Thermal Strain, Displacement, and
Stress on Heated Beam
A beam originally 1 meter long and at -50° C is heated to 25° C. Determine the displacement
and thermal strain on a cantilever beam. In case 1, fix the beam at the free end. In case 2, fix
the beam at both ends. In both cases, determine the displacement, constraint forces, and
stresses along the beam.
Element Type
bar
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
Length = 1 m

Area = 0.01 m2
Material Properties
• E = 2.068E+11 PA
• Coeff. of thermal expansion = 1.2E-05 m/(m-C)
• v = 0.3

• 11 nodes

• 10 bar elements on the X axis.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Case 1: Constrain the node on one end (node 1) of the beam in all translations and rota-
tions.
• Case 2: Constrain the nodes on both ends (nodes 1 and 11) of the beam in all translations
and rotations.
Loads
Set the temperature on all nodes to 25°C. Set the reference temperature to -50°C.
Solution Type
Statics

Results
Case: One Fixed End
Total Translation (Node 11)

Beam End A1 Axial Strain
(m)
Bench Value 9E-04 9E-04
FEMAP Structural 9E-04 9E-04
Difference 0 0
Case: Both Ends Fixed
Total Constraint Beam End A1 Axial

Total Translation (m) Force(N) Stress
(node 1) (Pa)
Bench Value 0 1.86+06 –1.86E+08
FEMAP Structural 0 1.86+06 –1.86E+08
Difference 0 0 0
Reference
65.
Uniformly Distributed Load on Lin-
ear Beam
A beam 40 feet long is restrained and loaded with a distributed load of –833 lb. Determine the
beam end torque stress and the deflection at the middle of the beam.
Element Type
bar
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
Length = 480 in

• Rectangular cross section (1.17 in x 43.24 in)
• Iz = 7892 in4
Material Properties
• E = 30E6 psi

• 5 nodes

• 4 successive bar elements that are each 10 feet long
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Constrain nodes 2 and 4 in five degrees of freedom. Do not constrain rotation about Z.
Loads
Define a distributed load (force per unit length) of -833 lb. (global negative Y direction) on
the elements 1 and 4.
Solution Type
Statics

Results
Beam End A1 Z Bend Stress

Total Translation (in)
(psi)
(node 3)
(node 3)
Bench Value 0.182 16,439
FEMAP Structural 0.182 16,439
Difference 0 0
Reference
• Timoshenko, S., Strength of Materials, Part I, Elementary Theory and Problems, (New
York: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1955.) p. 98.
Membrane Loads on a Plate
A circle is scribed on an unstressed aluminum plate. Forces acting in the plane of the plate
cause normal stresses. Determine the change in the length of diameter AB and of diameter
CD.
Element Types
plate
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Length = 15 in
• Diameter = 9 in
• Thickness = 3/4 in
Material Properties
• E = 10 E+06 psi
• Poisson’s ratio = 1/3
• F(x)/l = 9,000 lb./in
• F(z)/l = 15,000 lb./in


Create 1/4 of the model and apply symmetry boundary conditions. Then multiply the answer
by 2 for correct results. Remember to account for the ratio of the circle diameter to plate
length.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Constrain nodes along adjacent sides of the plate to allow only translation along the corre-
sponding axis.
• Node 1: Fully constrain in all translations and rotation.
• Nodes 2-6: Constrain in the Y and Z translations and the X and Z rotations.
• Nodes 12, 13, 19, 25, 31: Constrain in the X and Y translations and the X and Z rotations.
Loads
Set the elemental edge load to 9,000 lb./in in the X direction and 15,000 lb/in in the Z direc-
tion.

Solution Type
Statics
Results
T1 Translation (in) T3 Translation (in)

Bench Value 4.8E-03 14.4E-03
FEMAP Structural 4.8E-03 14.4E-03
Difference 0 0
Post Processing
• (T1 translation at node 7 - T1 translation at node 10) x2 = (.004-.0016) x2 = .0048
• (T3 translation at node 7 - T3 translation at node 24) x2 = (.012-.0048) x2 = .0144
Reference
85.
Thin Wall Cylinder in Pure Tension
The complete model and results for this test care are in file mstvl014.neu.
Determine the stress and deflection of a thin wall cylinder with a uniform axial load.
Element Type
linear quadrilateral plate
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• R = 0.5 in
• Thickness = 0.01 in
• y = 1.0 in
Material Properties
• E = 10000 psi
• v = 0.3

• 25 nodes
• Create 1/4 model of the cylinder with 16 linear quadrilateral plate elements and symmetry
boundary conditions.

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain node 1 in the X and Z translation and the Z rotation.
• Constrain nodes 2-4 in the Z translation.
• Constrain node 5 in the Y and Z translation and Z rotation.
• Constrain nodes 6, 11, 16, and 21 in the X translation and Z rotation.
• Constrain nodes 10, 15, 20, and 25 in the Y translation and Z rotation.
Loads
• Nodal forces of p/(pi)D = 3.1831 where p = 10 psi; Apply the following nodal forces:
• Nodes 21, 25: .9757 pounds
• Nodes 22, 23, 24: 1.9509 pounds
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Top Y Normal Stress

T3 Translation (in) T1 Translation (in)
(psi)
Bench Value 1000.0 0.1 -0.015
FEMAP Structural 1000.0 0.1 -0.015
Difference 0 0 0

Reference
• Roark, R. and Young, W., Formulas for Stress and Strain, 6th Edition, (New York:
McGraw–Hill Book Company, 1989.) p. 518, Case 1a.
Thin Shell Beam Wall in Pure Bend-
ing
Determine the maximum stress, maximum deflection, and strain energy of a thin shell beam
wall with a uniform bending load.
Element Type
linear quadrilateral plate
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Length = 30 in
• Width = 5 in
• Thickness = 0.1 in
Material Properties
• E = 30E6 psi
• v = 0.03

• 14 nodes

• 6 linear quadrilateral plate elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Constrain the nodes at one end (nodes 7 and 14) in all translations and rotations.
Out–of–plane Loads
Apply nodal forces (nodes 1 and 8) of p/w = 1.2 lbs/in. where p = 6.0 lb
Solution Type
Statics

Results
Plate Bottom Major

T3 Translation (in) Stress Total Strain Energy
Node 1 (psi) (lb in)
Node 7
Bench Value 4.320 21600 12.96
FEMAP Structural 4.242 20983 12.73
Difference 2.17% 1.39% 2.16%
Reference
• Shigley, J. and Mitchel L., Mechanical Engineering Design, 4th Edition, (New York:
McGraw–Hill, Inc., 1983.) pp. 134, 804.
Strain Energy of a Truss
Determine the strain energy of a truss. The cross–sectional area of the diagonal members is
twice the cross–sectional area of the horizontal and vertical members.
Element Type
rod
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Length = 10 in

Cross sectional area (A) = 0.01 in2
Material Properties
E = 30E6 psi

• 4 nodes
• 5 rod elements

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain node 1 in the X, Y, and Z translations and the X and Y rotations.
• Constrain node 3 in the Y and Z translations and the X and Y rotations.
Loads
• Apply nodal force in Y direction on node 2; p = 300 lb
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Total Strain Energy

(lb in)
Bench Value 5.846
FEMAP Structural 5.846
Difference 0
Reference
588.
Linear Statics Verification Using
Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of the FEMAP Structural
Statics Analysis software using standard benchmarks published by NAFEMS (National
Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glas-
gow, U.K.).
These standard benchmark tests were created by NAFEMS to stretch the limits of the finite
elements in commercial software. All results obtained using the FEMAP Structural Statics
Analysis software compare favorably with other commercial finite element analysis software.
Results of these test cases using other commercial finite element analysis software programs
are available from NAFEMS.
A detailed discussion of the linear statics NAFEMS benchmarks can be found in the
NAFEMS publication Background to Benchmarks, cited below. The results for all of these
test cases illustrate the need for adequate mesh refinement for obtaining accurate stresses,
especially when using linear elements. The linear triangular and linear tetrahedral elements
are particularly poor performers for stress analysis and are not generally recommended.

- units
- finite element modeling information
- boundary conditions (loads and constraints)
- solution type
• results
• reference
Note: The node numbers listed in each case refer to the node numbers in the neutral
References
The following references have been used in these test cases:

• NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks,
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.)
• Davies, G. A. O., Fenner, R. T., and Lewis, R. W., Background to Benchmarks, (Glas-
gow: NAFEMS, 1993).
Elliptic Membrane
The complete model and results for this test case are in the following files:
• le101.neu (quadrilateral plane strain)
• le102.neu (triangular plane strain)
• le103.neu (quadrilateral plate)
This test is a linear elastic analysis of an elliptic membrane (shown below) using coarse and
fine meshes of plane strain elements and plate elements. The plane strain elements use a plane
stress element formulation. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard
Benchmark Test LE1.
A
Y
X
C D
Ellipses:
x 2 x 2 y 2
Ellipse AC:  --- + y = 1 Ellipse BD:  ---------- +  ---------- = 1
2
2 3.25 2.75
Physical and Material Properties

• Thickness = 0.1 m
• Isotropic material
• E = 210 x 103 MPa

• v = 0.3
Units
SI

• plane strain (with plane stress element formulation) - linear and parabolic quadrilaterals -
coarse and fine mesh
• plane strain (with plane stress element formulation) - linear and parabolic triangles -
coarse and fine mesh
• plate - linear and parabolic quadrilaterals - coarse and fine mesh

The fine mesh is created by approximately halving the coarse mesh.
Linear Triangle Parabolic Triangle

B
B
Fine Mesh
A
A
C D
C D
B B
Coarse Mesh
A A
C D C D
Linear Quadrilateral Parabolic Quadrilateral
B B
Fine Mesh
A A
C D C D
B B
Coarse Mesh
A A
C D C D
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the nodes along edge AB in the X translation.
• Constrain the nodes along edge CD in the Y translation.

Loads
• Uniform outward pressure on the elements on outer edge BD = 10MPa
• Inner curved edge AC is unloaded
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Output - Plate Mid Y Normal Stress at point D
NAFEMS FEMAP
Bench Structural
Node # Element Type & Mesh
Value Result
(MPa) (MPa)
Plane Strain Elements with a Plane
Strain Formulation (le101):
Node 4 linear quad - coarse mesh 92.7 62.8
Node 204 linear quad - fine mesh 92.7 80.3
Node 104 parabolic quad - coarse mesh 92.7 88.3
Node 304 parabolic quad - fine mesh 92.7 90.7
Plane Strain Elements with a Plane Strain
Formulation (le102):
Node 4 linear triangle - coarse mesh 92.7 54.2
Node 204 linear triangle - fine mesh 92.7 72.0
Node 104 parabolic triangle - coarse mesh 92.7 93.0
Node 304 parabolic triangle – fine mesh 92.7 94.0

Plate Elements (le 103):

Node 4 linear quad - coarse mesh 92.7 66.4
Node 204 linear quad - fine mesh 92.7 82.3
Node 104 parabolic quad - coarse mesh 92.7 88.6
Node 304 parabolic quad - fine mesh 92.7 91.7
References
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.) Test No. LE1.
gow: NAFEMS, 1993).
Cylindrical Shell Patch Test
• le201a.neu (linear plate, case 1)
• le201b.neu (parabolic plate, case 1)
• le202a.neu (linear plate, case 2)
• le202b.neu (parabolic plate, case 2)
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a cylindrical shell (shown below) using plate elements
and two different loadings. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard
Benchmark Test LE2.

• E = 210 x 103 MPa
• v = 0.3
Units
SI

• le201a and le202a: 9 nodes, 4 linear quadrilateral plates
• le201b and le202b: 21 nodes, 4 parabolic quadrilateral plates
Linear Quadrilaterals Parabolic Quadrilaterals
A B A B
E E
D C D C

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Fully constrain the nodes on edge AB in all translations and rotations.
Constrain the nodes on edge AD and edge BC in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.
Case 1 Loading:
• Nodal moments along DC = 1.0 kNm/m:
Node 3 = -125
Node 4 = -250
Node 9 = -125
Case 2 Loading:
• Nodal forces:
Nodes 3, and 9 = 75,000N
Node 4 = 150,000N

• Apply an elemental pressure on elements 1-4 = 600,000Pa
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Output - Plate Top Major Stress at point E (node 2)
NAFEMS FEMAP
Bench Structural
Plate Element & Loading
Value Result
(MPa) (MPa)
linear plate - case 1 (le201a) 60.0 57.9
linear plate - case 2 (le202a) 60.0 66.0 *
parabolic plate - case 1 (le201b) 60.0 54.8
parabolic plate - case 2 (le202b) 60.0 55.7 *
*Since the shapes of the plates are an approximation to a cylindrical surface, an edge load
will not be in the correct direction. To get this result, the edge load must be input as nodal
loads in the tangential direction.
References
gow: NAFEMS, 1993).
Laminate Strip
The complete model and results for this test case are in the following file:
• r0031.neu
This test is a linear statics analysis of plate using plate elements with a laminate material. It
provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Report R0031.
Geometry
0° fiber direction
Y
X
10 15 15 10
C
0.1 0°
10N/mm 0.1 90°
1 0.1 0°
Z
0.4 90°
X E
A B
0.1 0°
0.1 90° D
0.1 0° F
E
Material Properties
Laminate material:
E = 1.0E5 MPa ν 12 = 0.4 E2 = 5.0E3 MPa ν12 ν 21
-------
- = -------
-
E1 E2
G 12 = 3.0E3 MPa ν 23 = 0.3 G 33 = 2.0E3 MPa

Units
SI

8 x 40 4-noded shells (quarter model)
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
The one quarter model is:
• simply supported at A (Z=0)
• reflective symmetry about X=25 and Y=5
Loads
Line load of 10N/mm at C (X=25, Z=1).
Solution Type
Statics
Results
NAFEMS FEMAP
Bench Structural
Results
Value Result
(MPa) (MPa)
Z deflection at E -1.06 -1.06
Bending stress at E 683.9 *668
Bending stress at F - 601
Interlaminar shear stress at D -4.1 **-4.1
Shear stress at F - -2.2
*Value extrapolated from FEMAP Structural results at F. (FEMAP Structural calculates
stress at the center of the ply (F)).
**Recovered from post-processing.
Reference
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.) Test No. R0031.
Hemisphere-Point Loads
The complete model and results for this test care are in the following files:
• le301.neu (linear quadrilateral plate, coarse mesh)
• le302.neu (linear quadrilateral plate, fine mesh)
• le303.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, coarse mesh)
• le304.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, fine mesh)
This test is a linear elastic analysis of hemisphere point loads (shown below) using coarse and
fine meshes of plate elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard
Benchmark Test LE3.

• E = 68.25 x 103 MPa
• v = 0.3
Units
SI

plate - linear & parabolic quadrilaterals - coarse & fine mesh
equally spaced nodes on AC, CE, EA
 
Point G at X = Y = Z =  -----1- Node 7
10
 --- 
 2
3

Coarse Mesh Fine Mesh

E
E
F D
F D
G
G
A
A C C
B
B
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain point E in all translations and rotations.
• Constrain the nodes along edge AE (symmetry about X–Z plane) in the Y translation,
and X and Z rotations.
• Constrain the nodes along edge CE (symmetry about Y–Z plane) in the X translation,
and Y and Z rotations.
Loads
• Concentrated radial load outward at A = 2KN

• Concentrated radial load inward at C = 2KN
Solution Type
Statics
Results
FEMAP Structural
NAFEMS Result at node 1
Test Case
Plate Element & Mesh Bench (point A) T1
Number
Value(m) Translation
(m)
le301 linear quadrilateral plate - coarse mesh 0.185 0.113
le302 linear quadrilateral plate - fine mesh 0.185 0.185
le303 parabolic quadrilateral plate - coarse mesh 0.185 0.0861
le304 parabolic quadrilateral plate - fine mesh 0.185 0.171
References
gow: NAFEMS, 1993).
Z–Section Cantilever
• le501.neu (linear quadrilateral plate)
• le502.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate)
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a Z–section cantilever (shown below) using plate ele-
ments. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE5.

• E = 210 x 103 MPa
• v = 0.3
Units
SI

• Test 1: 36 nodes, 24 linear quadrilateral plate elements
• Test 2: 95 nodes, 24 parabolic quadrilateral plate elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain the nodes on edges B1, B2, B3 in all translations and rotations.

Loads
• Torque of 1.2MN applied at end C by two nodal forces (at nodes 9 and 27) of 0.6MN
B1
B2
B3
C
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Output - Plate Top Von Mises Stress (σxx), point A, node 30 (compression)
FEMAP
NAFEMS Bench
Plate Element & Loading Structural Result
Value (MPa)
(MPa)
linear quad - point A/node 30 -108 -117.3
parabolic quad - point A/node 30 -108 -109.2
References
gow: NAFEMS, 1993).
Skew Plate Normal Pressure
• le601.neu (linear and parabolic quadrilateral)
• le602.neu (linear and parabolic triangle)
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a plate (shown below) using plate elements. It provides
the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE6.
10m
o
150
D
o C
30
E
A B

• Thickness = 0.01m
• E = 210 x 103 MPa
• v = 0.3
Units
SI


• plate - linear and parabolic quadrilaterals - coarse and fine mesh
• plate - linear and parabolic triangles - coarse and fine mesh
Boundary Conditions
Constraints (le601)
• Constrain nodes 1, 10, 35, and 44 in the X, Y, and Z translations.
• Constrain nodes 4, 13, 38, 47 in the X and Z translations.

• Constrain all other nodes in the Z translation.
Constraints (le602)
• Fully constrain nodes 1, 10, 35, 44 in all directions and rotations.
• Constrain all other nodes in the Z translation.
Loads
• Elemental pressure = -0.7KPa in the Z–direction

Solution Type
Statics
Results
Output - Plate Bottom Major Stress on the bottom surface at the plate center.
NAFEMS
FEMAP
Test Case Bench
Node # Plate Element & Mesh Structural
Name Value
Result (MPa)
(MPa)
le601 Node 9 linear quad - coarse mesh 0.802 0.365
le601 Node 18 linear quad - fine mesh 0.802 0.714
le601 Node 43 parabolic quad - coarse mesh 0.802 1.055
le601 Node 52 parabolic quad - fine mesh 0.802 0.791
le602 Node 9 linear triangle - coarse mesh 0.802 0.390
le602 Node 18 linear triangle - fine mesh 0.802 0.709
le602 Node 43 parabolic triangle - coarse mesh 0.802 0.847
le602 Node 52 parabolic triangle - fine mesh 0.802 0.822
References
gow: NAFEMS, 1993).
Thick Plate Pressure
• le1001.neu (linear and parabolic brick)
• le1002.neu (linear and parabolic wedge)
• le1003.neu (linear and parabolic tetrahedron)
This article provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE10.
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a thick (shown below) using coarse and fine meshes of
solid elements.
B’
B B
A’
A A
D’
C’
D C
D C
Ellipses:
x 2 x 2 y 2
Ellipse AD:  --- + y = 1 Ellipse BC:  ---------- +  ---------- = 1
2
2 3.25 2.75

• E=210x103 MPa
• v = 0.3

Units
SI

• Solid brick
• Solid wedge
• Solid tetrahedron
Solid Brick
Linear and parabolic, coarse and fine mesh.
Solid Wedge
Linear and parabolic, coarse and fine mesh.

Solid Tetrahdron
Linear and parabolic, fine mesh.

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the nodes on faces DCD’C’ and ABA’B’ in the X and Y translations.
• Constrain the nodes on face BCB’C’ in the X and Y translation.
• Constrain the nodes along the mid–plane in the Z translation.
Loads
• Uniform normal elemental pressure on the elements on the upper surface of the plate =
1MPa
• Inner curved edge AD unloaded
Solution Type
Statics

Results
Output - Solid Y normal stress at point D3σyy
NAFEMS
FEMAP
Test Case Node Bench
Element Type & Mesh Structural Result
Name # Value
(MPa)
(MPa)
le1001 N4 linear brick - coarse mesh -5.38 -6.31
le1001 N204 linear brick - fine mesh -5.38 -6.01
le1001 N104 parabolic brick - coarse mesh -5.38 -5.73
le1001 N304 parabolic brick - fine mesh -5.38 -5.84
le1002 N4 linear wedge - coarse mesh -5.38 -3.52
le1002 N204 linear wedge - fine mesh -5.38 -4.97
le1002 N104 parab wedge - coarse mesh -5.38 -5.53
le1002 N304 parab wedge - fine mesh -5.38 -6.10
le1003 N40 linear tetra - fine mesh -5.38 -2.41
le1003 N171 parabolic tetra - fine mesh -5.38 -5.29
References
gow: NAFEMS, 1993)
Solid Cylinder/Taper/Sphere–Tem-
perature
• le1101a.neu (linear brick, coarse mesh)
• le1101b.neu (linear brick, fine mesh)
• le1102a.neu (parabolic brick, coarse mesh)
• le1102b.neu (parabolic brick, fine mesh)
• le1103a.neu (linear wedge, coarse mesh)
• le1103b.neu (linear wedge, fine mesh)
• le1104a.neu (parabolic wedge, coarse mesh)
• le1104b.neu (parabolic wedge, fine mesh)
• le1105a.neu (linear tetrahedron, coarse mesh)
• le1105b.neu (linear tetrahedron, fine mesh)
• le1106a.neu (parabolic tetrahedron, coarse mesh)
• le1106b.neu (parabolic tetrahedron, fine mesh)
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a solid cylinder with a temperature gradient (shown
below) using coarse and fine meshes of solid elements. It provides the input data and results
for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE11.

• E = 210 x 103 MPa
• v = 0.3
• a = 2.3 x 10-4/oC
Units
SI


• Solid brick - linear (8–noded) and parabolic (20–noded) - coarse and fine mesh
• Solid tetrahedron - linear (4–noded) and parabolic (10–noded) - coarse and fine mesh
• Solid wedge - linear (6–nodes) and parabolic (15–noded) - coarse and fine mesh
Solid Brick
Coarse and fine mesh:
Coarse and fine mesh:
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the nodes on the XZ plane and on the opposite face in the Y translation.
• Constrain the nodes on the YZ plane in the Z translation.
• Constrain the nodes on the XY plane in the X translation.

Loads
• Nodal temperatures: linear temperature gradient in the radial and axial direction
1
---
2 2 2
T°C = ( X + Y ) + Z

Solution Type
Statics
Results
Output - Solid Y Normal Stress at point A.
Note that the Y direction in the models corresponds to the Z direction in NAFEMS.
NAFEMS
FEMAP
Node # at Bench
Case Element Type & Mesh Structural
Point A Value
Result (MPa)
(MPa)
le1101a 30 linear brick - coarse mesh -105 -95.7
le1101b 71 linear brick - fine mesh -105 -99.5
le1102a 67 parabolic brick - coarse mesh -105 -93.9
le1102b 159 parabolic brick - fine mesh -105 -105.9
le1103a 33 linear wedge - coarse mesh -105 -9.49
le1103b 74 linear wedge - fine mesh -105 -46.9
le1104a 71 parabolic wedge - coarse mesh -105 -88.5
le1104b 187 parabolic wedge - fine mesh -105 -96.8
le1105a 8 linear tetra - coarse mesh -105 -31.4
le1105b 8 linear tetra - fine mesh -105 -65.2
le1106a 8 parabolic tetra - coarse mesh -105 -89.6
le1106b 8 parabolic tetra - fine mesh -105 -97.2
References
gow: NAFEMS, 1993).

Normal Modes/Eigenvalue Verifica-
tion Using Theoretical Solutions
The purpose of these normal mode dynamics test cases is to verify the function of the FEMAP
Structural Normal Modes/Eigenvalue Analysis software using theoretical solutions. The test
cases are relatively simple in form and most of them have closed–form theoretical solutions.
The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well known engineering texts. For
each test case, a specific reference is cited. All theoretical reference texts are listed at the end
of this topic.
The finite element method is very flexible in the types of physical problems represented. The
verification tests provided are not exhaustive in exploring all possible problems, but represent
common types of applications.
This overview provides information on the following:
• understanding the test case format
• understanding comparisons with theoretical solutions
• references

- units
- solution type
- element type
• results
• references (text from which a closed–form or theoretical solution was taken)

Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical

Solutions
While differences in finite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible,
some tests would require an infinite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Ele-
ments are chosen to achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing
times.
Results reported here are results which you can compare to the referenced theoretical solu-
tion. Other results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoret-
ical and finite element solutions are carried out with the same significant digits of accuracy.
The closed–form theoretical solution may have restrictions, such as rigid connections, that
do not exist in the real world. These limiting restrictions are not necessary for the finite ele-
ment model, but are used for comparison purposes. Verification to real world problems is
more difficult but should be done when possible.
The actual results from the FEMAP Structural software may vary insignificantly from the
results presented in this document. This variation is due to different methods of performing
real numerical arithmetic on different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element
formulations which SDRC has made to improve results under certain circumstances.
References
The following references have been used in the Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis verifica-
tion problems presented:
• Blevins, R., Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, 1st Edition, (New York:
Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1979.)
• Timoshenko and Young, Vibration Problems in Engineering, (New York: Van Norstrand
Reinhold Company, 1955.)
• Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R., Mechanical Vibrations, Theory and Applications,
(Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.)
• Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R., Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, (Boston: Allyn
and Bacon, Inc., 1978.)
Undamped Free Vibration - Single
Degree of Freedom
The complete model and results for this test case are in file mstvn002.neu.
Determine the natural frequency of the system.
Element Types
• rigid
• mass
• DOF springs
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
• Length = 0.5 m
• a = 0.3 m
Physical Properties
• mass = 20 Kg
• k = 8 KN/m

• Create 5 rigid elements along the X axis. Each rigid should be 0.1m long.
• Create a mass element on the end node.

• Create 3 DOF spring elements 0.2m from the mass element.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Constrain node 6 in all directions except the Z rotation.
Constrain all other nodes in the X and Y translations and in the Z rotation.
Solution Type
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue – Guyan method
Results
Frequency
(Hz)
Bench Value 1.90985
Difference 0.0%

Reference
• Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R., Mechanical Vibrations, Theory and Applications,
(Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.) p. 75.
Two Degrees of Freedom
Undamped Free Vibration - Princi-
ple Modes
Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system with two degrees of freedom.
Element Types
• DOF springs
• mass
Units
SI- meter
Physical Properties
• mass = 1 kg
• k = 1 N/m

• Create four nodes on the Y axis.
• Create DOF three springs with stiffness of 1 N/m and with a stiffness reference coordinate
system being uniaxial.

• Create mass elements with a mass of 1 kg.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1: Constrain nodes 1 and 4 in all DOF. On the other nodes, constrain all
DOF except the Y translation.
• Constraint Set 2: On the inner nodes, constrain the Y translation. Use this set as the Mas-
ter (ASET) DOF set.
Solution Type

Results
Frequency of Frequency of
Mode 1 Mode 2
(Hz) (Hz)
Bench Value 0.159155 0.2756644
Difference 0.00% 0.00%
Reference
and Bacon, Inc., 1978.) pp. 145-149.
Three Degrees of Freedom Tor-
sional System
Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system with three degrees of freedom.
Element Types
• DOF springs
• mass
Units
SI - meter
Physical Properties
• J = J1 = J2 = J3 = 0.1 (mass)
• k = k1 = k2 = k3 = 1 N*m (stiffness)

• Create four nodes on the X axis.
• Create three DOF springs with stiffness of 1 N*m and with a stiffness reference coordinate
system being uniaxial.
• Create three mass elements with a mass coordinate system = 1 and with mass inertia sys-
tem of: 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0.

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1: On one end node (node 1), constrain all DOF. On the other nodes, con-
strain all DOF except RX.
• Constraint Set 2: On the other nodes (nodes 2-4), constrain the DOF in RX. Use this set
as the Master (ASET) DOF set.
Solution Type
Results
Frequency of Frequency of Frequency of

Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
(Hz) (Hz) (Hz)
Bench Value 0.223986 0.627595 0.906901
FEMAP Structural 0.223986 0.627595 0.906901
Difference 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Reference
and Bacon, Inc., 1978.) pp. 153–155
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle
Suspension System
Determine the natural frequencies of dynamic system with two degrees of freedom. Degrees
of freedom are one translational and one rotational.
Element Types
5 nodes, 4 elements:
• 2 DOF springs
• 1 mass element
• 1 rigid element
Units
SI - meter
Model Geometry
• Length1 = 1.6 m
• Length2 = 2.0 m
• r = 1.4 m (radius of gyration; J=m*r*r)
Physical Properties
• mass = 1800 kg
• K1 = 42000 N/m
• K2 = 48000 N/m

• Create five nodes in the X–Y plane with coordinates:
N1 = (0, 0)
N2 = (L2, 0)
N3 = (-L1, 0)

N4 = (L2, -1)
N5 = (-L1, -1)
• Create a DOF spring with stiffness of k1 between nodes 3 and 5.
• Create a DOF spring with stiffness of k2 between nodes 2 and 4.
• Create a mass element with a mass coordinate system = 1 and with mass inertia system
of: 0.0, 0.0, 3528, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0.
• Create a three–noded rigid element using node 1 as the master node and nodes 2 and 3 as
the slave nodes.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1:
Constrain nodes 1-3 in the X and Z translation and X and Y rotations.
Constrain nodes 4-5 in the X, Y, and Z translations.
• Constraint Set 2 (Master (ASET) DOF Set):
Constrain nodes 1-3 in the Y translation and Z rotation.

Solution Type
Results
Frequency of Frequency of
Mode 1 Mode 2
(Hz) (Hz)
Bench Value 1.086347 1.495612
Difference 0.00% 0.00%
Reference
and Bacon, Inc., 1978.) pp. 150-153.
Cantilever Beam Undamped Free
Vibrations
Determine the natural frequencies of a cantilever beam.
Element Type
bar
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Length = 100 in
• Height = 2 in

• w = 1 lb/in
• J = .10
• Poisson’s ratio = .3
Calculated Data
• A = h2 = 4 in2
• I = h4/12 = 1.33333
• G = E/2 x 1/1+nu = 11538461.54
• m = w/g = 2.59067375E-3
• Ip = Ixx + Iyy = 2.66666

• Create 11 nodes on X axis.

• Create 10 bars between the nodes.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain one end node (node 1) in all directions and rotations.
Solution Type
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue – SVI method
Results
FEMAP Structural
Mode Bench Values (Hz) Difference
(Hz)
1&2 6.9533571 6.951037 -0.033%
3&4 43.575945 43.54267 -0.076%
5 64.684410 64.66795 -0.254%
6&7 122.01391 121.8567 -0.128%
8 193.85388 195.6024 0.901%
9 & 10 238.75784 238.6964 -0.026%
Reference
• Blevins, R., Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, 1st Edition, (New York:
Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1979) pp. 108,193.
Natural Frequency of a Cantilevered
Mass
Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system consisting of a massless bar element
and a mass element at the end.
Element Types
• bar
• mass
Units
Inch
Model Geometry
• Length = 30 in

• Mass = 0.5 lbm
• E = 30E6 psi
• Density = 1.0E-06
• I = 1.5 in 4

• Create 2 nodes on the X axis with coordinates (0,0,0) and (30,0,0).
• Create a bar between nodes with shear area ratio=0.

• Create a mass on one node with mass of 0.5 lbm.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• −Constraint Set 1: On the wall end (at node 1), constrain all DOF. On the mass end, con-
strain the DOF in Z, RX, and RY.
• Constraint Set 2: On the mass end node, constrain the DOF in Z, Y, and RZ. Use this set
as the Master (ASET) DOF set.
Solution Type
Results
Natural Frequency
(Hz)
Bench Value 15.9155
Difference 0.00%

Reference
and Bacon, Inc., 1978.) p. 72
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue Verifica-
tion Using Standard NAFEMS
Benchmarks
The purpose of these normal mode dynamics test cases is to verify the function of the FEMAP
Structural Normal Modes/Eigenvalue solver using standard benchmarks published by
NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, National Engineer-
ing Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.).
These standard benchmark tests were created by NAFEMS to stretch the limits of the finite
elements in commercial software. All results obtained using the FEMAP Structural software
compare favorably with other commercial finite element analysis software. Results of these
test cases using other commercial finite element analysis software programs are available
from NAFEMS.

- units
- material properties
- solution type
• results
• reference
Reference
The following reference has been used in these test cases:
• NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and
Knowles, N. C., Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis (Glasgow:
NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.)
Bar Element Test Cases
The normal mode dynamics test cases using the standard NAFEMS benchmarks include these
bar element test cases:
• "Pin-ended Cross - In-plane Vibration"
• "Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane Vibration"
• "Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibration"
• "Cantilever with Off-Center Point Masses"
• "Deep Simply-Supported Beam"
• "Circular Ring - In-plane and Out-of-plane Vibration"
• "Cantilevered Beam"
Pin-ended Cross - In-plane Vibra-
tion
The complete model and results for this test case are in file nf001ac.neu.
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a pin–ended cross (shown below) using bar
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Bench-
marks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 1.
A C
.125 m
.125 m
5.0 m
Attributes of this test are:

• coupling between flexural and extensional behavior
• repeated and close eigenvalues
Units
SI

Key–in section:
• Area = .015625 m2
Shear ratio:

• Y=0
• Z=0
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
η = 0.29 ( Poissons ratio )
10
G = 8.01x10

• 17 nodes
• 16 bar elements; four elements per arm
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain points A, B, C, D (nodes 2, 3, 4, 5) in all directions except for the Z rotation.
• Constrain node point Z (node 1) in the Z translation and X rotation.

• Constrain all other nodes (6-17) in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.
Solution Type
Results
NAFEMS
Ref. Value FEMAP Structural
Mode # Mesh Target Value
(Hz) (Hz)
(Hz)
1 11.336 linear 11.336 11.336
2, 3 17.709 linear 17.687 17.687
4 17.709 linear 17.715 17.715
5 45.345 linear 45.477 45.477
6, 7 57.390 linear 57.364 57.364
8 57.390 linear 57.683 57.683
Note: Reference value (Ref. Value) refers to the accepted solution to the problem.
Reference
NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.) Test No. 1.
Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane
Vibration
The complete model and results for this test case are in file nf002ac.neu.
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a pin–ended double cross (shown below)
using bar elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 2.
.125 m
C
B D
.125 m
A E
5.0m
H F
5.0 m

Units
SI

Key–in section:
• Area = .015625 m2
Shear ratio:

• Y=0
• Z=0
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m

• 33 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H (nodes 2-9) in all directions except for the Z rota-
tion.
• Constrain all other nodes 1, (10-33) in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.

The following figure shows the boundary conditions.
Solution Type
Results
NAFEMS FEMAP Structural

Ref. Value
Mode # Mesh Target Value Result
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
1 11.336 linear 11.336 11.336
2, 3 17.709 linear 17.687 17.687
4,5, 17.709 linear 17.715 17.715
6,7,8
9 45.345 linear 45.477 45.477
10, 11 57.390 linear 57.364 57.364
12,13, 57.390 linear 57.683 57.683
14,15,
16
Reference
Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibra-
tion
The complete model and results for this test are in file nf003ac.neu.
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a free square frame (shown below) using
bar elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
.125 m
.125 m
10.0m
10.0 m

• rigid body modes (3 modes)
Units
SI

Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.0
• Z = 1.0

Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m

• 16 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1: Constrain all nodes in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.

• Constraint Set 2 (Kinematic DOF): Constrain nodes 1 and 3 in the X and Y translation
and the Z rotation.
Solution Type
Results
NAFEMS
Ref. Value FEMAP Structural
(Hz) (Hz)
(Hz)
4 3.261 linear 3.262 3.259
5 5.668 linear 5.665 5.662
6, 7 11.136 linear 11.145 11.127
8 12.849 linear 12.833 12.793
9 24.570 linear 24.664 24.611
10, 11 28.695 linear 28.813 28.700
Reference
Cantilever with Off-Center Point
Masses
The complete model and results for this test is in file nf004a.neu.
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a cantilever with off–center point masses
(shown below) using bar elements. This document provides the input data and results for
NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 4.
• coupling between torsional and flexural behavior
• inertial axis non–coincident with flexibility axis
• discrete mass, rigid links
• close eigenvalues
Units
SI

Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.128
• Z = 1.128
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
g
ρ = 8000k ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

• 8 nodes
• 9 elements

five bar elements along cantilever

two mass elements
two rigid elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain point A (node 1) in all directions.
Solution Type

Results
FEMAP
NAFEMS Target Structural Result
Mode # Ref. Value (Hz)
Value (Hz) (Hz)
1 1.723 1.723 1.722

2 1.727 1.727 1.726
3 7.413 7.413 7.410
4 9.972 9.972 9.947
5 18.155 18.160 18.051
6 26.957 26.972 26.712
Reference
NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.) Test No. 4
Deep Simply-Supported Beam
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a deep simply–supported beam. This docu-
ment provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Fre-
quency Analysis, Test 5.
• shear deformation and rotary inertial (Timoshenko beam)
• possibility of missing extensional modes when using iteration solution methods
• repeated eigenvalues
Units
SI

Shear Ratio
• Y = 1.176923
• Z = 1.176923
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
g
ρ = 8000k ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

• 6 nodes

• 5 bar elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the X, Y, Z translation an X rotation at point A (node 1)
• Constrain the Y and Z translation at point B (node 10)
The boundary conditions are shown in the following diagram.
Solution Type
Normal Modes/Eigenvalues – SVI method
Results
NAFEMS
FEMAP Structural
Mode # Ref. Value (Hz) Target Value
Result (Hz)
(Hz)
1, 2 42.649 42.568 42.710
3 77.542 77.841 77.841
4 125.00 125.51 125.52
5, 6 148.31 145.46 150.76
7 233.10 241.24 241.24
8, 9 284.55 267.01 301.08

Reference
Circular Ring - In-plane and Out-of-
plane Vibration
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a circular ring using bar elements. This
document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 6.
• rigid body modes (six modes)
Units
SI

Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.128205
• Z = 1.128205
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
g
ρ = 8000k ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

• 20 nodes

• 20 bar elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1 (Kinematic DOF): Constrain nodes 10 and 11 in all directions and rota-
tions.
Solution Type

Results
NAFEMS FEMAP
Mode # Ref. Value (Hz) Target Value Structural Result
(Hz) (Hz)
7, 8 51.849 52.290 52.211
(out of plane)
9, 10 53.382 53.971 53.775
(in plane)
11, 12 148.77 149.70 148.92
(out of plane)
13, 14 150.99 152.44 151.25
(in plane)
15 286.98 288.25 285.33
(out of plane)
16 289.51 288.25 285.33
(in plane)
Reference
Cantilevered Beam
• nf071a.neu (Test 1)
• nf071b.neu (Test 2)
• nf071c.neu (Test 3)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a cantilevered beam. This document pro-
vides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency
Analysis, Test 71.
• ill–conditioned stiffness matrix
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
g
ρ = 8000k ------3-
m

Three tests - all use 8 bar elements and 9 nodes
• Test 1: a=b
• Test 2: a = 10b

• Test3: a = 100b
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain point A (node 1) in all directions and rotations.
• Constrain all other nodes in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.
Solution Type
Bar elements always use a consistent mass formulation.

Results
FEMAP
Structural
Ref. Value
Mode # Mesh Result
(Hz)
(Hz)
1 1.010 a=b 1.0095

a = 10b 1.0095
a = 100b 1.0095
2 6.327 a=b 6.3223
a = 10b 6.3260
a = 100b 6.3289
3 17.716 a=b 17.693
a = 10b 17.791
a = 100b 17.819
4 34.717 a=b 34.675
a = 10b 34.854
a = 100b 35.061
5 57.390 a=b 57.422
a = 10b 60.595
a = 100b 64.751
6 85.730 a=b 86.135
a = 10b 101.673
a = 100b 104.654
Reference
Plate Element Test Cases
plate element test cases:
• "Thin Square Cantilevered Plate -Symmetric Modes"
• "Thin Square Cantilevered Plate - Anti-symmetric Modes"
• "Free Thin Square Plate"
• "Simply-Supported Thin Square Plate"
• "Simply-Supported Thin Annular Plate"
• "Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate"
• "Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with Distorted Mesh"
• "Simply-Supported Thick Square Plate, Test A"
• "Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate"
• "Simply-Supported Thick Square Plate, Test B"
• "Simply-Supported Thick Annular Plate"
• "Cantilevered Square Membrane"
• "Cantilevered Tapered Membrane"
• "Free Annular Membrane"
• "Cantilevered Thin Square Plate"
• "Cantilevered Thin Square Plate #2"
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate -
Symmetric Modes
• nf011alc.neu (linear quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf011all.neu (linear quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf011apc.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf011apl.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a thin, square, cantilevered plate meshed
with plate elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 11a.
• symmetric modes, symmetric boundary conditions along the cutting plane
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

Test 1 and Test 2 (nf011alc and nf011all)
• 45 nodes
• 32 linear quadrilateral plate elements - thickness = 0.05m
Test 2 and Test 3 (nf011apc and nf011apl)
• 37 nodes

• 8 parabolic quadrilateral plate elements - thickness = 0.05m

Mesh only half the plate (10m x 5m).
Linear Quadrilateral Plates Parabolic Quadrilateral Plates
Boundary Conditions
• Constraints (all tests)
• Fully constrain nodes 1-5 in all translations and rotations.
• Constrain nodes 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41 in the X and Y translations and X and Z
rotations.
• Constrain all other nodes in the X and Y translations and Z rotation.
Solution Type
Results were obtained two different ways:
• using lumped mass
• using consistent mass

Results
FEMAP
FEMAP Structural
Ref. Structural Result
Mode # Mesh Result (consistent
Value (Hz) (lumped mass)
mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
1 0.421 linear 0.415 0.418
parabolic 0.414 0.418
2 2.582 linear 2.507 2.623
3 3.306 linear 3.117 3.315
4 6.555 linear 5.984 6.573
5 7.381 linear 7.241 7.979
6 11.402 linear 10.387 12.112
parabolic 10.493 11.950
Reference
NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.) Test No. 11a.
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate -
Anti-symmetric Modes
The complete model and results for this test case are the in following files:
• nf011blc.neu (linear quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf011bll.neu (linear quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf011bpc.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf011bpl.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a thin, square, cantilevered plate meshed
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 11b.
• anti–symmetric modes
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

Tests 1 and 2 (nf011blc.neu and nf011bll.neu)
• 45 nodes, 32 linear quadrilateral plate elements - thickness = 0.05m
Tests 3 and 4 (nf011bpc.neu and nf011bpl.neu)
• 37 nodes, 8 parabolic quadrilateral plate elements - thickness = 0.05m

Mesh only half the plate (10m x 5m).
Boundary Conditions
Constraints (all tests)
• Fully constrain nodes 1-5 in all directions.
• Constrain nodes 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41 in the X, Y, Z translations and Z rotation.
Solution Type

Results
FEMAP FEMAP
Ref. NAFEMS
Structural Result Structural Result
Mode # Value Mesh Target Value
(lumped mass) (consistent mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
1 1.029 linear 1.019 0.993 1.012
parabolic 1.018 0.999 1.024
2 3.753 linear 3.839 3.553 3.750
parabolic 3.710 3.541 3.728
3 7.730 linear 8.313 7.130 8.162
parabolic 7.768 6.847 7.846
4 8.561 linear 9.424 8.082 9.079
parabolic 8.483 7.894 8.693
5 not linear 11.728 9.805 11.526
available parabolic 11.185 9.954 11.451
6 not linear 17.818 13.087 17.192
Reference
NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.) Test No. 11b.
Free Thin Square Plate
• nf012lc.neu (linear quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf012ll.neu (linear quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf012pc.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf012pl.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with plate
• rigid body modes (three modes)
• use of kinematic DOF for the rigid body mode calculation with the SVI eigensolver
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

Tests 1 and 2 (nf012lc.neu and nf012ll.neu)
Tests 3 and 4 (nf012pc.neu and nf012pl.neu)

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1: Constrain all the nodes in the X and Y translations and Z rotation.
• Constraint Set 2 (Kinematic DOF): Constrain nodes 1 and 3 in all directions and rota-
tions.
Solution Type

Results
NAFEMS FEMAP Structural FEMAP Structural

Ref. Value
Mode # Mesh Target Result (lumped Result (consistent
(Hz)
Value (Hz) mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
4 1.622 linear 1.632 1.570 1.615
parabolic 1.532 1.567 1.619
5 2.360 linear 2.402 2.246 2.394
parabolic 2.356 2.183 2.364
6 2.922 linear 3.006 2.815 2.990
parabolic 2.861 2.750 2.930
7, 8 4.233 linear 4.251 3.912 4.218
parabolic 4.122 3.879 4.186
9 7.416 linear 7.859 6.902 7.751
parabolic 7.363 6.586 7.494
10 not linear 8.027 6.903 7.884
Reference
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and
Knowles, N. C., Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis (Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.) Test No. 12.
Simply-Supported Thin Square
Plate
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a simply–supported thin square plate
meshed with plate elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 13.
• well established
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3


Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain all nodes in the X and Y translations and Z rotation.
• Constrain the nodes along edges X = 0 and X = 10m in the Z translation and X rotation.
• Constrain the nodes along edges Y = 0 and Y = 10m in the Z translation and Y rotation.
• Fully constrain the DOF on the four corner nodes (9, 13, 41, 68).
Solution Type


Results
FEMAP Structural FEMAP Structural

Ref. Value
Mode # Mesh Result (lumped mass) Result (consistent
(Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 2.377 4–noded 2.338 2.399
8–noded 2.375 2.383
2, 3 5.942 4–noded 5.820 6.206
8–noded 5.932 6.034
4 9.507 4–noded 8.909 9.873
8–noded 9.392 9.831
5, 6 11.884 4–noded 11.770 13.375
8–noded 11.879 12.590
7, 8 15.449 4–noded 14.215 16.786
8–noded 15.033 16.734
Reference
Simply-Supported Thin Annular
Plate
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a simply–supported thin annular plate
meshed with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
• curved boundary (skewed coordinate system)
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

Tests 1 and 2 (nf014lc and nf014ll):
Tests 3 and 4 (nf014pc and nf014pl)

Boundary Conditions
• Constraint Set 1 (All Tests):
Constrain all nodes in in the X and Y translation and Z rotation.
Additionally constrain all nodes around the model’s circumference in the Z transla-
tion and X rotation.
• Constraint Set 2 (Kinematic DOF):

Tests 1 and 2: Constrain nodes 258 and 290 in the X and Y translations.

Solution Type
Normal Mode Dynamics - SVI method
Results
FEMAP Structural FEMAP Structural

Ref. Value
Mode # Mesh Result (lumped Result (consistent
(Hz)
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 1.870 linear 1.859 1.877
2, 3 5.137 linear 5.175 5.249
4, 5 9.673 linear 9.686 9.983
6 14.850 linear 14.188 15.412
parabolic 13.946 14.924
7, 8 15.573 linear 15.326 16.176
parabolic 15.547 15.708
9 18.382 linear 17.594 19.088
parabolic 17.380 18.521

Reference
Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a clamped thin rhombic plate meshed with
plate elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
• distorted elements
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

Tests 1 and 2 (nf015lc.neu and nf015ll.neu):

Tests 3 and 4 (nf015pc.neu and nf015pl.neu):

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Completely constrain the nodes along all four edges of the part in all directions and rota-
tions.
• Constrain all other nodes in the X and Y translation and Z rotation.
Solution Type
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue - SVI method

Results
NAFEMS FEMAP Structural FEMAP Structural

Ref. Value
Mode # Mesh Target Value Result (lumped Result (consistent
(Hz)
(Hz) mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 7.938 linear 8.142 7.818 7.955
parabolic 7.873 7.902 7.929
2 12.835 linear 13.891 12.831 13.388
parabolic 12.480 12.851 13.008
3 17.941 linear 20.036 17.807 19.072
parabolic 17.312 17.952 18.472
4 19.133 linear 20.165 18.554 19.239
parabolic 18.738 18.964 19.168
5 24.009 linear 27.704 23.665 26.185
parabolic 27.950 23.879 25.226
6 27.922 linear 32.046 27.698 29.816
parabolic 25.883 27.910 28.810
Reference
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with
Distorted Mesh
• nf016a1.neu (16 parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf016a2.neu (16 parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf016b1.neu (16 parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf016b2.neu (16 parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf016c1.neu (4 parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf016c2.neu (4 parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf016d1.neu (4 parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf016d2.neu (4 parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a cantilevered thin square plate meshed
with distorted plate elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
• distorted meshes
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

All tests - parabolic quadrilateral plate elements - thickness = 0.05m

Four tests:
• Test 1 (nf016a1, nf016a2) - 65 nodes, 16 elements
• Test 2 (nf016b1, nf016b2) - 65 nodes, 16 elements with specified nodes at the following
XY coordinates:
X Coordinate Y Coordinate
4.0 4.0
2.25 2.25
4.75 2.5
7.25 2.75
7.5 4.75
7.75 7.25
5.25 7.25
2.25 7.25
2.5 4.75

• Test 3 (nf016c1, nf016c2) - 21 nodes, 4 elements
• Test 4 (nf016d1, nf016d2) - 21 nodes, 4 elements with a specified node at X=4.0, Y=4.0.
Boundary Conditions

Constraints (nf016a1 and nf016a2)

• Constrain the nodes along the model’s Y axis in the X, Y, and Z translations and in the Y
and Z rotations.
• Constrain all other nodes in the Z rotation only.
Constraints (nf016b1 and nf016b2)

• Fully constrain the nodes along the model’s Y axis in all directions.
• Constrain all other nodes in the Z rotation only.
Solution Type

Results
FEMAP
NAFEMS FEMAP Structural
Ref. Value Structural
Mode # Test Target Value Result (consistent
(Hz) Result (lumped
(Hz) mass) (Hz)
mass) (Hz)
1 0.421 1 0.4174 0.4139 0.4181
2 0.4174 0.4135 0.4182
3 0.4144 0.4021 0.4189
4 0.4145 0.3999 0.4192
2 1.029 1 1.020 0.9985 1.024
2 1.020 0.9967 1.024
3 0.999 0.9347 1.021
4 1.002 0.9202 1.025
3 2.582 1 2.564 2.444 2.569
2 2.571 2.445 2.566
3 2.554 2.132 2.708
4 2.565 2.112 2.698
4 3.306 1 3.302 3.082 3.281
2 3.317 3.072 3.280
3 3.401 2.707 3.449
4 3.424 2.697 3.430
5 3.753 1 3.769 3.540 3.728
2 3.780 3.535 3.731
3 3.697 3.136 3.913
4 3.714 3.077 3.881
6 6.555 1 6.805 6.018 6.551
2 6.883 5.994 6.552
3 5.455 5.458 7.108
4 5.133 5.459 6.858
Reference
Simply-Supported Thick Square
Plate, Test A
• nf021alc.neu (linear quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf021all.neu (linear quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf021apc.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf021apl.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a simply–supported thick square plate
meshed with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 21a.
• well–established
• effect of secondary restraints
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

Tests 1 and 2 (nf021alc.neu and nf021all.neu)

Tests 3 and 4 (nf021apc.neu and nf021apl.neu)

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain the corner nodes in all directions and rotations.
• Constrain the nodes along edges X=0 and X=10m in all directions, except the Y rotation.
• Constrain the nodes along edges Y=0 and Y=10m in all directions, except the X rotation.

Solution Type
Results
FEMAP FEMAP
NAFEMSTar
Ref. Value Structural Structural Result
Mode # Mesh get Value
(Hz) Result (lumped (consistent mass)
(Hz)
mass) (Hz) (Hz)
1 45.897 linear 46.659 45.50 46.35
parabolic 45.936 46.165 45.830
2, 3 109.44 linear 115.84 108.70 114.12
parabolic 110.41 110.32 109.38
4 167.89 linear 177.53 160.63 174.29
parabolic 170.38 167.30 169.75
5, 6 204.51 linear 233.40 204.75 227.05
parabolic 212.81 204.59 208.20

7, 8 256.50 linear 283.60 240.84 276.88

parabolic 269.96 249.26 268.40
9 336.62 linear 371.11 298.18 364.30
parabolic 344.77 311.32 319.40
10 336.62 linear 371.11 320.41 385.84
parabolic 344.77 347.63 319.40
Reference
NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.) Test No. 21a.
Simply-Supported Thick Square
Plate, Test B
• nf021blc.neu (linear quadrilateral plate elements, consistent mass)
• nf021bll.neu (linear quadrilateral plate elements, lumped mass)
• nf021bpc.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate elements, consistent mass)
• nf021bpl.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate elements, lumped mass)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a simply–supported thick square plate
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 21b.
• well–established
• effect of secondary restraints
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200X10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

Tests 1 and 2 (nf021blc.neu and nf021bll.neu)

Tests 3 and 4 (nf021plc.neu and nf021pll.neu)

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the nodes along all edges in the X,Y, and Z translations and Z rotation.
Solution Type

Results
FEMAP FEMAP
NAFEMS
Ref. Value Structural Result Structural Result
(Hz) (lumped mass) (consistent mass)
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
1 45.897 linear 44.745 44.14 44.96
parabolic 44.134 44.815 44.493
2, 3 109.44 linear 112.94 106.96 112.25
parabolic 107.85 108.52 107.57
4 167.89 linear 170.28 156.96 170.17
parabolic 164.19 163.57 165.70
5, 6 204.51 linear 230.23 203.40 225.51
parabolic 20.07 203.12 206.46
7, 8 256.50 linear 274.19 237.31 272.47
parabolic 260.32 245.71 263.61
9 336.62 linear 355.98 293.95 358.43
parabolic 342.80 307.16 318.56
10 336.62 linear 355.98 319.64 384.78
parabolic 342.80 346.85 318.58
Reference
NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.) Test No. 21b.
Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a thick clamped thick rhombic plate
• distorted elements
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200X10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3



Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain the nodes along all four edges in all directions and rotations.

Solution Type
Normal Mode Dynamics - SVI
Results
FEMAP FEMAP Structural

NAFEMS
Ref. Value Structural Result
(Hz) Result (lumped (consistent mass)
(Hz)
mass) (Hz) (Hz)
1 133.95 linear 137.80 133.33 135.17
parabolic 133.86 134.51 132.48
2 201.41 linear 218.48 204.42 213.06
parabolic 203.34 204.30 200.28
3 265.81 linear 295.42 269.23 288.08
parabolic 271.38 270.17 266.06
4 282.74 linear 296.83 279.75 289.05
parabolic 283.68 283.95 273.65
5 334.45 linear 383.56 337.92 377.05
parabolic 346.41 338.90 338.88
6 not linear 426.59 381.87 411.28

Reference
Simply-Supported Thick Annular
Plate
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a simply–supported thick annular plate
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200X10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3



Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the nodes around the circumference in the X, Y, and Z translations and X and Z
rotations.

Solution Type
Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
NAFEMS Structural
(Hz) (consistent mass)
(Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
1 18.58 linear 18.82 18.49 18.61
parabolic 18.59 18.32 18.59
2, 3 48.92 linear 49.82 49.89 50.35
parabolic 49.02 48.99 49.13
4, 5 92.59 linear 96.06 93.43 95.44
parabolic 92.90 93.19 92.42

6 140.15 linear 148.34 136.71 145.39

parabolic 140.86 134.27 139.41
7, 8 not linear 153.68 145.21 151.28
9 166.36 linear 174.52 163.74 174.10
parabolic 167.31 160.43 166.11
Reference
Cantilevered Square Membrane
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a cantilevered square membrane meshed
Attributes of this test are well established.
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3



Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain the nodes along the Y axis in all directions and rotations.

• Constrain all other nodes in the Z translation and X, Y, and Z rotations.
Solution Type
Results
FEMAP
NAFEMS FEMAP
Structural
Ref. Value Target Structural Result
Mode # Mesh Result
(Hz) Value (consistent mass)
(lumped mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
(Hz)
1 52.404 linear 52.905 52.47 52.77
parabolic 52.635 52.16 52.39
2 125.69 linear 126.11 125.59 126.06
parabolic 125.87 125.18 122.48
3 140.78 linear 143.20 139.54 142.83
parabolic 141.47 138.28 138.02
4 222.54 linear 228.85 214.61 227.04
parabolic 224.59 209.01 214.95
5 241.41 linear 247.90 239.84 247.25
parabolic 243.26 239.16 227.48
6 255.74 linear 260.61 252.06 259.46
parabolic 256.76 251.31 236.73

Reference
Cantilevered Tapered Membrane
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a cantilevered tapered membrane meshed
• shear behavior
• irregular mesh
• symmetry
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3



Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain the nodes along the Y axis in all directions and rotations.

• Constrain all other nodes in the Z translation and the X, Y, and Z rotations.
Solution Type
Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
NAFEMS Structural
(Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
1 44.623 linear 44.905 44.73 44.82
parabolic 44.636 44.84 45.14
2 130.03 linear 132.12 129.92 131.28
parabolic 130.14 129.05 130.50
3 162.70 linear 162.83 162.61 162.80
parabolic 162.72 162.37 161.37
4 246.05 linear 252.99 244.62 250.56
parabolic 246.63 241.80 245.00
5 379.90 linear 393.31 375.09 391.79
parabolic 382.02 369.61 374.78
6 391.44 linear 396.26 389.81 393.11
parabolic 391.55 388.11 375.77

Reference
Free Annular Membrane
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a free annular membrane meshed with
plate elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
• kinematically incomplete suppressions
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3



Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1 (DOF set):

• Constraint Set 2: Constrain all other nodes in the Z translation and X, Y, and Z rotations.
Solution Type

Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
NAFEMS Structural
(Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
4, 5 129.24 linear 129.51 127.71 128.70
parabolic 126.48 126.66 126.15
6 226.17 linear 225.46 224.52 225.22
parabolic 224.27 222.82 218.17
7, 8 234.74 linear 234.92 229.67 234.94
parabolic 232.95 230.12 225.14
9, 10 264.66 linear 272.13 263.86 270.83
parabolic 264.81 262.45 257.67
11, 12 336.61 linear 340.34 328.44 339.93
parabolic 335.70 329.09 311.38
13, 14 376.79 linear 391.98 368.15 389.38
parabolic 378.60 368.48 361.52
Reference
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate
• nf073ac.neu (Test 1 - parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf073al.neu (Test 2 - parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf073bc.neu (Test 3 - parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf073bl.neu (Test 4 - parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf073cc.neu (Test 5 - parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf073cl.neu (Test 6 - parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
• nf073dc.neu (Test 7 - parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf073dl.neu (Test 8 - parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a cantilevered thin square plate. This docu-
• effect of master DOF selection on frequencies
Units
SI

Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

65 nodes, 16 parabolic quadrilateral plate elements - thickness = 0.05m
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1: Constrain the nodes along the Y axis in the X, Y, and Z translations and
Y rotation.
• Constraint Set (DOF set) 2: Create a constraint set to define a Master (ASET) DOF set
(in Z direction) - four different placements:

Tests 1 and 2:
Tests 3 and 4:
Tests 5 and 6:

Tests 7 and 8:
Solution Type
Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
NAFEMS Structural
Mode # DOF Set Target Value Result
(Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
1 0.421 test 1 0.4174 0.4139 0.4182
test 2 0.4174 0.4139 0.4182
test 3 0.4175 0.4140 0.4183
test 4 0.4184 0.4147 0.4191
2 1.029 test 1 1.020 0.999 1.025
test 2 1.020 1.000 1.026
test 3 1.021 1.001 1.027
test 4 1.032 1.009 1.036
3 2.582 test 1 2.564 2.449 2.580
test 2 2.597 2.476 2.610
test 3 2.677 2.524 2.675
test 4 2.850 2.670 2.844

4 3.306 test 1 3.302 3.095 3.314

test 2 3.345 3.126 3.352
test 3 3.365 3.140 3.362
test 4 3.571 3.325 3.555
5 3.753 test 1 3.769 3.563 3.781
test 2 3.888 3.663 3.891
test 3 4.035 3.765 4.023
test 4 5.466 4.816 5.414
6 6.555 test 1 6.805 6.126 6.798
test 2 7.517 6.694 7.498
test 3 7.495 6.675 7.479
test 4 ----- ------ ------
Reference
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate #2
• nf074c.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, consistent mass)
• nf074l.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, lumped mass)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a cantilevered thin square plate. This docu-
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

65 nodes, 16 parabolic quadrilateral plate elements - thickness = 0.05m

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Constrain the nodes along the Y axis in the X, Y, and Z translations and the Y rotation.
Solution Type
Normal Modes/Eigenvalues - SVI
Results
FEMAP Structural Result

FEMAP Structural
(consistent
Mode # Ref. Value (Hz) Result
mass)
(lumped mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
1 0.471 0.4139 0.4181
2 1.029 0.999 1.024
3 2.582 2.444 2.569
4 3.306 3.082 3.281
5 3.753 3.540 3.728

Reference
Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Ele-
ment Test Cases
axisymmetric solid and solid element test cases:
• "Free Cylinder - Axisymmetric Vibration"
• "Simply-Supported Annular Plate -Axisymmetric Vibration"
• "Thick Hollow Sphere - Uniform Radial Vibration"
• "Simply-Supported Solid Square Plate"
• "Simply-Supported Solid Annular Plate"
• "Deep Simply-Supported Solid Beam"
• "Cantilevered Solid Beam"
Free Cylinder - Axisymmetric Vibra-
tion
• nf041lc.neu (linear axisymmetric solid quadrilateral, consistent mass)
• nf041ll.neu (linear axisymmetric solid quadrilateral, lumped mass)
• nf041pc.neu (parabolic axisymmetric solid quadrilateral, consistent mass)
• nf041pl.neu (parabolic axisymmetric solid quadrilateral, lumped mass)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a free cylinder meshed with axisymmetric
• rigid body modes (one mode)
• coupling between axial, radial, and circumferential behavior
• close eigenvalues
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3


• 68 nodes, 48 linear axisymmetric quadrilateral solid elements
Tests 3 and 4 (nf041pc.neu and nf041pl.neu):

• 43 nodes, 8 parabolic axisymmetric quadrilateral solid elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Tests 1 and 2: Create a constraint set (Kinematic DOF set) to constrain nodes 1 and 68 in
the X and Z translations.
• Tests 3 and 4: Create a constraint set (Kinematic DOF set) to constrain nodes 1 and 51 in
the X and Z translations.
Solution Type

Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
NAFEMS Structural
(Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
2 243.53 linear 244.01 243.18 243.96
parabolic 243.50 243.24 243.50
3 377.41 linear 379.41 370.86 378.15
parabolic 377.46 356.49 377.46
4 394.11 linear 395.41 379.31 394.42
parabolic 394.28 356.88 394.30
5 397.72 linear 401.35 385.92 398.00
parabolic 397.94 375.85 397.97
6 405.28 linear 421.87 389.56 406.85
parabolic 406.41 393.65 406.44
Reference
Thick Hollow Sphere - Uniform
Radial Vibration
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a thick, hollow sphere using axisymmetric
solid elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
• constraint equations
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

• 22 nodes, 10 linear axisymmetric solid quadrilateral elements - α = 5°

• 53 nodes, 10 parabolic axisymmetric solid quadrilateral elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1: Constrain all nodes in the Z translation.
• Constraint Equations: Constrain all nodes at the same R’ are constrained to have same r’
displacement
Solution Type

Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
NAFEMS Structural
(Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
1 369.91 linear 370.64 369.91 370.08
parabolic 370.01 369.49 369.83
2 838.03 linear 841.20 831.80 839.49
parabolic 838.08 832.72 837.77
3 1451.2 linear 1473.1 1421.3 1470.5
parabolic 1453.0 1433.7 1450.85
4 2117.0 linear 2192.2 2030.5 2188.6
parabolic 2131.7 2072.9 2117.3
5 2795.8 linear 2975.7 2604.2 2970.9
parabolic 2852.8 2706.3 2799.5
Reference
Simply-Supported Annular Plate -
Axisymmetric Vibration
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a simply–supported annular plate meshed
with axisymmetric elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3


• 80 nodes, 60 linear axisymmetric solid quadrilateral elements

• 28 nodes, 5 parabolic axisymmetric solid quadrilateral elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
Constrain point A (node 1) in the Z translation
Solution Type

Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
NAFEMS Structural
(Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
1 18.543 linear 18.711 18.542 18.570
parabolic 18.582 18.429 18.582
2 150.15 linear 145.46 138.66 140.24
parabolic 145.56 135.97 140.56
3 224.16 linear 224.22 224.20 224.20
parabolic 224.18 224.00 224.18
4 358.29 linear 385.59 361.50 371.48
parabolic 374.05 353.62 374.05
5 629.19 linear 689.34 643.34 673.79
parabolic 686.04 633.16 686.05
Reference
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and
Knowles, N. C., Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis (Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Nov., 1987.) Test No. 43.
Deep Simply-Supported Solid Beam
• nf051lc.neu (linear solid brick, consistent mass)
• nf051ll.neu (linear solid brick, lumped mass)
• nf051pc.neu (parabolic solid brick, consistent mass)
• nf051pl.neu (parabolic solid brick, lumped mass)
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a deep, solid beam meshed with bricks. This
document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 51.
• skewed coordinate system
• skewed restraints
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

Tests 1 and 2 (nf051lc.neu, nf051ll.neu)

• 88 nodes, 30 linear solid brick elements
Tests 3 and 4 (nf051pc.neu, nf051pl.neu)

• 68 nodes, 5 parabolic solid brick elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints, Tests 1 and 2:

• Constrain node 7 in the X, Y, and Z translations.
• Constrain node 8 in the X and Z translations.
• Constrain node 87 in the Y and Z translations.
• Constrain node 88 in the Z translation.

• Constrain all other nodes along the plane Y’ in the Y translation.

• Constrain node 10 in the X, Y, and Z translations
• Constrain nodes 12 and 35 in the X and Z translations.
• Constrain node 30 in the Y and Z translations.
• Constrain node 71 in the Z translation.
• Constrain all other nodes along the plane Y’ in the Y translation.
Solution Type

Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
NAFEMS Structural
Structural Result
Ref. Value Target Result
Mode # Mesh (consistent
(Hz) Value (lumped
mass)
(Hz) mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
1 38.200 linear 42.881 37.964 38.282
parabolic 38.821 37.788 38.269
2 85.210 linear 93.817 83.407 83.977
parabolic 88.451 87.027 87.659
3 152.23 linear 170.67 152.84 157.63
parabolic 159.34 150.53 157.49
4 245.53 linear 286.12 251.76 265.02
parabolic 259.20 243.10 259.00
5 297.05 linear 318.86 288.20 298.43
parabolic 307.92 281.27 306.02
Reference
Simply-Supported Solid Square
Plate
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a simply–supported solid square plate
meshed with bricks. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
• kinematically incomplete suppressions
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

Tests 1 and 2 (nf052lc.neu, nf052ll.neu)

• 324 nodes, 192 linear solid brick elements
Tests 3 and 4 (nf052pc.neu, nf052pl.neu)

• 155 nodes, 16 parabolic solid brick elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1: Constrain all the nodes along the four edges on the plane ZS = -0.5m in
the Z translation.

• Constraint Set 2 (Kinematic DOF):

Tests 1 and 2: Constrain nodes 36 and 264 in the X, Y, and Z translations.
Tests 3 and 4: Constrain nodes 27 and 219 in the X and Y translation.
Solution Type
Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
NAFEMS Structural
(Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
4 45.897 linear 51.654 44.115 45.318
parabolic 44.762 44.502 44.796
5, 6 109.44 linear 132.73 106.73 113.96
parabolic 110.52 107.94 110.54
7 167.89 linear 194.37 156.48 173.30
parabolic 169.08 161.44 169.11
8 193.59 linear 197.18 193.58 196.77
parabolic 193.93 193.16 193.92
9, 10 206.19 linear 210.55 200.14 209.56
parabolic 206.64 185.60 206.65

Reference
Simply-Supported Solid Annular
Plate
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a solid annular plate using solid elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 53.
• constraint equations
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

• 160 nodes, 60 linear solid bricks:
α = 5°

• 68 nodes, 5 solid parabolic bricks

α = 10°
Boundary Conditions

• Constrain nodes 76-80 and 156-160 in the Y and Z translations.
• Constrain all other nodes in the Y translation.

• Constraint equations: Constrain nodes at same R and Z are constrained to have same z
displacement.

• Constrain nodes 11, 22, 33, 44, 66, 77, 88, and 99 in the Y and Z translations and X, Y,
and Z rotations.
• Constrain all other nodes in the Y translation and X, Y, and Z rotations.
• Constraint equations: Constrain nodes at same R and Z are constrained to have same z
displacement
Solution Type
Normal Modes/Eigenvalues - SVI method

Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
NAFEMS Structural
(Hz) (lumped mass)
(Hz)
(Hz)
1 18.583 linear 19.659 18.612 18.641
parabolic 18.582 18.409 18.629
2 140.15 linear 146.42 140.13 141.78
parabolic 140.42 134.21 141.44
3 224.16 linear 224.25 224.34 224.48
parabolic 224.18 223.62 224.33
4 358.29 linear 386.70 369.74 380.74
parabolic 374.04 345.98 380.03
5 629.19 linear 689.47 668.73 690.09
parabolic 686.02 616.01 688.59
Reference
Cantilevered Solid Beam
• nf072ac.neu (conventional numbering, consistent mass)
• nf072al.neu (conventional numbering, lumped mass)
• nf072bc.neu (unconventional numbering, consistent mass)
• nf072bl.neu (unconventional numbering, lumped mass)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of a cantilevered solid beam. This document
provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency
Analysis, Test 72.
• highly populated stiffness matrix
Units
SI
Material Properties
9 N
E = 200x10 ------2-
m
kg
ρ = 8000 ------3-
m
ν = 0.3

Two tests - both use solid parabolic brick elements

• Test 1: conventional node numbering
• Test 2: unconventional node numbering
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain all nodes on the X=0 plane in the X, Y, and Z translations.

• Constrain all nodes on the Y=1m plane in the Y translation.
Solution Type
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue – SVI Method
Results
FEMAP FEMAP
NAFEMS
Structural Structural
(lumped mass) (consistent mass)
(Hz)
(Hz) (Hz)
1 Test 1 16.007 15.800 16.007
Test 2 16.007 15.800 16.007
2 Test 1 87.226 82.235 87.226
Test 2 87.226 82.235 87.226
3 Test 1 125.96 125.03 125.96
Test 2 125.96 125.03 125.96
4 Test 1 209.56 189.33 209.56
Test 2 209.56 189.33 209.56
5 Test 1 351.11 299.30 351.11
Test 2 351.11 299.32 351.11
6 Test 1 375.81 352.39 375.82
Test 2 375.81 352.40 375.81
Reference
Verification Test Cases from the
Societe Francaise des Mech-
aniciens
The purpose of these test cases is to verify the function of the FEMAP Structural software
using standard benchmarks published by SFM (Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens, Paris,
France) in “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Included here are:
• test cases on mechanical structures using linear statics analysis and normal modes/eigen-
value analysis
• stationary thermal test cases using heat transfer analysis
• a thermo–mechanical test case using linear statics analysis
Results published in “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures” are compared
with those computed using the FEMAP Structural software.

- units
- material properties
- solution type
• results
• reference
Reference
The following reference has been used in these test cases:

• Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens, Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de

structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.)
Mechanical Structures - Linear Stat-
ics Analysis with Bar or Rod Ele-
ments
The linear statics analysis test cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens include these
bar and rod element test cases:
• "Short Beam on Two Articulated Supports"
• "Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid Element"
• "Transverse Bending of a Curved Pipe"
• "Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arc"
• "Nodal Load on an Articulated Rod Truss"
• "Articulated Plane Truss"
• "Beam on an Elastic Foundation"
Short Beam on Two Articulated
Supports
The complete model and results for this test case are in file ssll02.neu.
This test is a linear statics analysis of a short, straight beam with plane bending and shear
loading. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL02/89 from “Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
• area = 31E-4m2
• inertia = 2810E-8m4
• Shear area ratio = 2.42
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2E11 Pa
ν = 0.3

• 10 bar elements
• 11 nodes
The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the nodes at both free ends of the beam (nodes 1 and 2) in all directions except
for the Z rotation.
Loads
• On nodes 1-10, apply a load = 1E5 N/m in -Y direction
The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Total Translation at point B

(Node 7)
Bench Value -1.25926E-3
FEMAP Structural Value -1.25926E-3
Difference 0.00%
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SSLL02/89.
Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid
Element
This test is a linear statics analysis of a straight, cantilever beam with plane bending and a
rigid element. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL05/89 from
“Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2E11 Pa
• I = (4/3)E-8m4

• 20 bar elements
• 1 rigid element
• 26 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Nodes 1 and 4: Fully constrained in all directions.

Loads
• Node 3: Set nodal force = 1000 N in -Y direction
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Node Displacement Bench FEMAP

Difference
# Reaction Force Value Structural
Node 6 Displacement Y -0.125 -0.125 0.00%
(T2 Translation)
Node 3 Displacement Y -0.125 -0.125 0.00%
(T2 Translation)
Node 1 Force Y (N) 500 500 0.00%
(T2 Constraint Force)
Node 1 Moment Rz (Nm) 500 500 0.00%
(R3 Constraint Moment)
Node 4 Force Y (N) 500 500 0.00%
Node 4 Rz moment (Nm) (R3 Con- 500 500 0.00%
straint Moment)
Reference
Transverse Bending of a Curved
Pipe
The complete model and results for this test case are the following files:
• ssll07a.neu (linear beam)
• ssll07b.neu (curved beam)
This test is a linear statics analysis (three–dimensional problem) of a curved pipe with trans-
verse bending and bending–torque loading. It provides the input data and results for bench-
mark test SSLL07/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2E11 Pa
ν = 0.3

Test 1 (ssll07a)
• 90 bar elements
• 91 nodes
Test 2 (ssll07b)
• 90 curved beam elements
• 91 nodes

The mesh for Test 1 is shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain node 91 in all translations and rotations.
Loads
• Create a nodal force at node 1 = 100 N in Z direction

Solution Type
Statics
Results
Displacement Bench Test FEMAP

Node # Point Difference
Moment Value Number Structural
Node 1 Displacement Z 0.13462 1 0.13465 0.02%
(T3 Translation)
Node 1 Displacement Z 2 0.13464 0.01%
(T3 Translation)
θ=15° Mt (Nm)* 74.1180 1 76.6709 3.44%
Mt (Nm)* 2 75.8109 1.02%
Mf (Nm) -96.5925 1 -96.3680 0.23%
Mf (Nm) 2 -95.2869 1.35%
Mf = bending moment
Mt = torsional moment
*See “Post Processing” below
Post Processing
Bar Element (ssll07a)

List beam forces on element 167, second end
• Mf=Bar End BX2 Moment
• Mt=Bar End BX1 Moment
Curved Beam Element (ssll07b)

List beam forces on element 166, second end
• Mf=Bar End BX2 Moment
• Mt=Bar End BX1 Moment
Reference
Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arc
This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a thin arc with plane bending. It pro-
vides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL08/89 from “Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 2E11 Pa
ν = 0.3

• 11 nodes
• 10 bar elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Node 2: Constrain the X, Y, and Z translations.
• Node 1: Constrain the Y and Z translation only.

• Nodes 3-11: Constrain in the Z translation only.
Loads
• Force=100N in -Y direction
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Bench FEMAP
Node # Displacement Difference
Value Structural
Node 2 Rz (rad) -3.0774E-2 -3.1097E-2 1.05%
(R3 Rotation)
Node 1 Rz (rad) 3.0774E-2 3.1097E-2 1.05%
(R3 Rotation)
Node 7 Y (m) -1.9206E-2 -1.9342E-2 0.71%
(T2 Translation)
Node 1 X (m) 5.3913E-2 5.3735E-2 0.33%
(T1 Translation)
Reference
Nodal Load on an Articulated Rod
Truss
This test is a linear statics analysis of a plane truss with an articulated rod. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLL11/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels
de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 1.962E11 Pa

• 4 nodes
• 4 rod elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Nodes 3 and 17: Constrained in the X, Y, and Z translations only.

• Nodes 2 and 18: Constrained in the Z translation only.
Loads
• Node 2: Set Nodal force = 9.81E3 N in -Y direction
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Bench FEMAP
Node # Displacement Difference
Value Structural
Node 18 X (m) 0.26517E-3 0.26517E-3 0.00%
(T1 Translation)
Node 18 Y (m) 0.08839E-3 0.08839E-3 0.00%
(T2 Translation)
Node 2 X (m) 3.47902E-3 3.47903E-3 ~0.00%
(T1 Translation)
Node 2 Y (m) -5.60084E-3 -5.6004E-3 ~0.00%
(T2 Translation)
Reference
Articulated Plane Truss
• ssll14a.neu (4 bar elements)
• ssll14b.neu (10 bar elements)
This test is a linear statics analysis of a straight cantilever beam with plane bending and ten-
sion–compression. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL14/89 from
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1E11 Pa

Test 1 (ssll14a)
• 4 bar elements
• 5 nodes
Test 2 (ssll14b)
• 10 linear beam elements
• 11 nodes
The mesh for Test 1 is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
Test 1 (ssll14a)
• Constraints
Nodes 1 and 4: Constrain in the X, Y, and Z translations.
Nodes 2, 3, 8: Constrain in the Z translation only.
• Loads
Set forces and moments to the following numeric values:
p = -3,000N/m (on element 4); F1 = -20,000N (on node 8); F2 = -10,000N (on node
2); M = -100,000Nm (on node 2)
Test 2 (ssll14b)
• Constraints
Nodes 1 and 4: Constrain in the X, Y, and Z translations.
Nodes 2, 3, 5-13: Constrain in the Z translation only.
• Loads (ssll14b)
Set forces and moments to the following numeric values:
p = -3,000N/m (on elements 5-7); F1 = -20,000N (on node 8); F2 = -10,000N (on
node 2); M = -100,000Nm (on node 2)
Solution Type
Statics

Results
Displacement Reaction Bench Test FEMAP

Node # Difference
Force Value Number Structural
1 V vertical (Y) 31500.0 1 33233.1 5.50%
reaction (N) (T2 Constraint 2 33233.1 5.50%
Force)
1 horizontal (x) reaction (N) 20239.4 1 20609.2 1.82%
(T1 Constraint Force) 2 20609.3 1.83%
8 Y (m) (T2 Translation) -0.03072 1 -0.03106 1.10%
2 -0.03161 2.90%
Note: The software takes shear effect into account.
Reference
Beam on an Elastic Foundation
This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a straight beam with plane bending and
an elastic support. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL16/89 from
Units
SI
Material Properties
• E = 2.1E11 Pa
• K = 8.4E5 N/m2
• Each spring stiffness is set to: K*L/ (number of DOF spring elements).

• 50 bar elements
• 49 DOF spring elements
• 51 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Nodes 1 and 51: Constrain in the X, Y, and Z translations.
• Nodes 2-49: Constrain in the Z translation and X and Y rotations only.
Loads
• Set forces, moments, and distributed loads on element to the following numeric values:
F = -10000 N (node 26) ; p = -5000 N/m (elements 1-50) ; M = 15000 Nm (node
51); M= -15000 Nm (node 1).
The distributed loads are shown below:

The forces and moments are shown below:
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Displacement Bench
Node FEMAP Structural Difference
Force, Moment Value
51 rotation(rad) Rz -0.003045 -0.003041 0.36%
(R3 rotation)
reaction force (N) Y 11674 11646 0.78%
26 disp. Y (m) (T2 Translation) -0.423326E-2 -0.42270E-2 0.41%
26 M moment (Nm)* (Bar End 33840 33286 1.63%
BX3 Moment)
*On element 26, second end
Reference
ics Analysis with Plate Elements
plate element test cases:
• "Plane Shear and Bending Load on a Plate"
• "Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole"
• "Uniformly Distributed Load on a Circular Plate"
• "Torque Loading on a Square Tube"
• "Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pressure"
• "Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder"
• "Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall Cylinder"
• "Gravity Loading on a Thin Wall Cylinder"
• "Pinched Cylindrical Shell"
• "Spherical Shell with a Hole"
• "Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate"
• "Shear Loading on a Plate"
• "Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rhomboid Plate"
Plane Shear and Bending Load on a
Plate
The complete model and results for this test case are in file sslp01.neu.
This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a plate with plane bending. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLP01/89 from “Guide de validation des
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 3E10 Pa
ν = 0.25

• 126 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Nodes 121-126: Fully constrain in all translations and rotations.

Loads
• Set a shear force with parabolic distribution on width and constant distribution on thick-
ness
• Resultant force: p = 40 N.
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Point Centerline Bench FEMAP

Node # Difference
Coordinates Displacement Value Structural
3 (L,y) Y (mm) 0.3413 0.3408 0.15%
(T2 Translation)
The displacements are shown in the following figure:
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SSLP01/89.
Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole
The complete model and results for this test case are in file sslp02.neu.
This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a plate with tension–compression and a
membrane effect. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLP02/89 from
Units
SI
Material Properties
E = 3E10 Pa
ν = 0.25

Mapped meshing (with biasing)
• 121 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Nodes 1-11: Constrain in Y translation and X and Z rotations only.
• Nodes 12-110: Constrain in Z translation only.
• Nodes 111-121: Constrain in X translation and Y and Z rotations only.
Loads
• Tension force P = 2.5 N/mm**2 (in plane force of 2500 N/m)
Solution Type
Statics

Results
Point Node Bench FEMAP

Stress Difference
Coordinates # Value Structural
(a,0) 1 7.5 7.52 0.26%
σθ
Plate Top Y Normal Stress

56 (N/mm**2) 2.5 2.61 4.40%
 a, π
---
 4
111 Plate Top Y Normal Stress -2.5 -2.38 4.80%
 a, π
---
 2
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SSLP02/89.
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Cir-
cular Plate
• ssls03a.neu (linear quadrilateral)
• ssls03b.neu (linear triangle)
This test is a linear statics analysis (three–dimensional problem) of a circular plate fixed at the
edge with transverse bending and a uniform load. It provides the input data and results for
benchmark test SSLS03/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1 ×10 Pa
ν = 0.3

Test 1 (ssl03a) - Free meshing:
• 50 nodes

Test 2 (ssl03a) - Free meshing:

• 53 linear triangular plate elements
• 38 nodes
Only 1/4 of the plate is meshed.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain node 1 in all directions except for the Z translation.
• Fully constrain nodes 2-3 and nodes 15-21 in all directions.
• Constrain nodes 4-8 in the X translation and Y and Z rotations.
• Constrain nodes 9-13 in the Y translation and X and Z rotations.
Note: Symmetric conditions are applied to the sides.
Loads
• Uniform elemental pressure p = -1000 Pa.

Test 1 boundary conditions:
Solution Type
Statics
Results
T3 Translation
Bench Test FEMAP
Node # Point (Displacement Difference
Value Number Structural
Z)
Node 1 Center O w (m) -0.0065 1 -0.0065 0.00%
Node 1 Center O -0.0065 2 -0.0065 0.00%
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SSLS03/89.
Torque Loading on a Square Tube
The complete model and results for this test case are in file ssls05.neu.
This test is a linear statics analysis (three–dimensional problem) of a thin–walled tube loaded
in torsion by pure shear at the free end. It provides the input data and results for benchmark
test SSLS05/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1 ×10 Pa
ν = 0.3

Mapped meshing
• 176 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Completely constrain nodes 1-5, 57-60, 112-115, and 167-169 in all translations and
rotations.
Loads
• Torque equal to 10 Nm on the free end.
Note: This translates into an equivalent nodal force of ±12.5N.
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Displacement Bench FEMAP

Node # Difference
and Stress Value Structural
193 T2 Translation (m) -0.617E-7 -0.617E-7 0.00%
193 R1 Rotation (rad) 0.123E-4 0.123E-4 0.00%
193 Plate Bottom Minor Stress -0.11E6 -0.11E6 0.00%
(Pa)
208 T2 Translation (m) -0.987E-7 -0.988E-7 0.10%
208 R1 Rotation (rad) 0.197E-4 0.197E-4 0.00%
208 Plate Bottom Minor Stress -0.11E6 -0.11E6 0.00%
(Pa)

Reference
Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pres-
sure
The complete model and results for this test are in the following files:
• ssls06a.neu (linear quadrilateral, test 1)
• ssls06b.neu (linear quadrilateral, test 2)
This test is a linear statics analysis of the thin cylinder loaded by internal pressure. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS06/89 from “Guide de validation des
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1 ×10 Pa
ν = 0.3
Test 1 (ssls06a) - Mapped meshing

• 121 nodes

Test 2 (ssls06b) - Mapped meshing

• 441 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints for Test 1 (ssls06a)

• Constrain node 1 in all directions except for the Y translation.
• Constrain nodes 2-10 in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.
• Constrain node 11 in all directions except for the X translation.
• Constrain nodes 12, 23, 34, 45, 56, 67, 78, 89, 100, and 111 in the X translation and Y
and Z rotations only.
• Constrain nodes 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110, 121 in the Y translation and X and Z
rotations.
Constraints for Test 2 (ssls06b)

• Constrain node 1 in all directions except for the Y translation.
• Constrain node 21 in all directions except for the X translation.
• Constrain nodes 22, 43, 64, 85, 106, 127, 148, 169, 190, 211, 232, 253, 274, 295, 316,
337, 358, 379, 400, and 421 in the X translation and Y and Z rotations only.
• Constrain nodes 42, 63, 84, 105, 126, 147, 168, 189, 210, 231, 252, 273, 294, 315, 336,
357, 378, 399, 420, 441 in the Y translation and X and Z rotations only.
Loads for Test 1 and Test 2

• Internal pressure on the elements = 10000 Pa.

Solution Type
Statics
Results

Node # Difference
and Stress Value Number Structural
11 0.0 1 1.32
σ11 ( Pa ) )

21 2 -0.139
σ11 ( Pa ) )

111 5.00E5 1 4.98E5 0.40%
σ22 ( Pa ) )
Plate Top X Normal Stress

421 σ22(Pa) 2 4.99E5 0.20%
σ22 ( Pa ) )
Plate Top X Normal Stress

121 2.38E-6 1 2.37E-6 0.42%

∆R ( m )
T1 Translation
441 2 2.38E-6 0.00%
∆R ( m )
T1 Translation
121 -1.43E-6 1 -1.42E-6 0.70%
∆L ( m )
T3 Translation
441 2 -1.43E-6 0.00%
∆L ( m )
T3 Translation
All results are averages.

Reference
Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall
Cylinder
The complete model and results for this test are in the following files:
• ssls07a.neu (parabolic quadrilateral plate, test 1)
• ssls07b.neu (parabolic triangle plate, test 2)
This test is a linear static analysis of a thin cylinder loaded axially. It provides the input data
and results for benchmark test SSLS07/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul
de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1 ×10 Pa
ν = 0.3
Test 1
• Meshed by revolving a meshed beam
• 200 parabolic quadrilateral plate elements

• 661 nodes
Test 2
• Meshed by free meshing on 1/8 of a cylinder
• 400 parabolic triangular plate elements
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the nodes along one long edge in the Y translation and X and Z rotations.
• Constrain the nodes along the other long edge in the X translation and the Y and Z rota-
tions.
• Constrain the nodes along the top short edge in the Z translation only.
• Constrain node 1 in the Y and Z translations and the X and Z rotations.

• Constrain node 21 in the X and Z translations and Y and Z rotations.
Loads
• Uniform axial elemental pressures, q = 10000 N/m
Solution Type
Statics
Results

Node # Difference
and Stress Value Number Structural
641 5.00E5 1 5.00E5 0.00%
σ11 ( Pa )
Plate Top Y Normal

Stress
641 5.00E5 2 5.00E5 0.00%
σ11 ( Pa )
Plate Top Y Normal

Stress

641 0.0 1 0.0

σ22 ( Pa )
Plate Top X Normal

Stress
641 0.0 2 0.0
σ22 ( Pa )
Plate Top X Normal

Stress
641 -7.14E-7 1 -7.14E-7 0.0%
∆R ( m )
T1 Translation
641 -7.14E-7 2 -7.14E-7 0.0%
∆R ( m )
T1 Translation
641 9.52E-6 1 9.52E-6 0.0%
∆L ( m )
T3 Translation
641 9.52E-6 2 9.52E-6 0.0%
∆L ( m )
T3 Translation
All results are averages.

Reference
Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall
Cylinder
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by hydrostatic pressure. It pro-
vides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS08/89 from “Guide de validation des
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1 ×10 Pa
ν = 0.3

• 661 nodes
Cylinder is meshed by revolving a meshed beam.

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the nodes on side A (from node 21 to node 661) in the X translation and Y and
Z rotations.
• Constrain the nodes on side B (from node 1 to node 641) in the Y translation,and X and Z
rotation.
Loads
• Internal elemental pressures, p = p0*Z/L with p0=20000 Pa
Solution Type
Statics

Results
Displacement Bench FEMAP

Node Point Difference
and Stress Value Structural
Node 321 Any 0.0 -0.0054E5
σ11 ( Pa )
Plate Top Y Normal

Stress
Node 321 x=L/2 5.0E5 4.98E5 0.40%
σ22 ( Pa )
Plate Top X Normal

Stress
Node 321 x=L/2 2.38E-6 2.38E-6 0.00%
∆R ( m )
T1 Translation
Node 1 x=L -2.86E-6 1.486E-6 0.00%
∆L ( m )
T3 Translation
Node 321 1.19E-6 1.19E-6 0.00%
ψ ( rad )
R2 Rotation
ψ represents the rotation of a generator
Reference
Gravity Loading on a Thin Wall Cyl-
inder
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by its own weight. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLS09/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1 ×10 Pa
ν = 0.3
11
γ = 7.85 ×10 Pa
kg
mass = 8002 ------3-
m

• 65 linear quadrilateral plate elements (mapped meshing)
• 84 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Nodes 1, 5-16: Constrain in the Y translation and X and Z rotations.
• Node 2: Constrain in all directions except for the X translation and Y rotation.
• Nodes 3, 21-32: Constrain the X translation and Y and Z rotations.
• Node 4: Constrain in the X and Z translations and the Y and Z rotations.
• Nodes 33-36: Constrain in the Z translation only.
Loads
• Body load: Translational acceleration in the Z direction

Solution Type
Statics
Results
Displacement Bench
Node # Point FEMAP Structural Difference
and Stress Value
Node 2 x=0 3.14E5 3.02E5 3.82%
σ11 ( Pa )
Plate Top X Normal
Stress
Node 1 Any 0.0 -1578 to 1578
σ22 ( Pa )
Plate Top Y Normal

Stress

Node 2 x=0 -4.49E-7 -4.39E-7 2.00%

∆R ( m )
T1 Translation
Node 1 x=L 2.99E-6 2.99E-6 0.00%
z∆ ( m )
T3 Translation
Node 10 x-L -1.12E-7 -1.12E-7 0.00
ψ ( rad )
R2 Rotation
Reference
Pinched Cylindrical Shell
• ssls20a.neu (linear triangle plate)
• ssls20b.neu (linear quadrilateral plate)
This test is a linear statics analysis of a cylindrical shell with nodal forces, F, pinching as
shown. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS20/89 from “Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
6
E = 10.5x10 Pa
ν = 0.315

Test 1 (ssls20a) - Free meshing
• 296 linear triangle plate elements
• 173 nodes

Test 2 (ssls20b) - Mapped meshing

• 165 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Free conditions. To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XY, XZ and YZ
planes.
• Node 1: Fully constrain except for the X translation.
• Node 2, 5-13: Constrain in the Y translation and the X and Z rotations.
• Node 3: Fully constrain except for the Y translation.
• Node 4, 27-35: Constrain in the X translation and the Y and Z rotations.
• Nodes 14-26: Constrain the Z translation and the X and Y rotations.
Loads
• Nodal forces Fy = -25 N at point D

Solution Type
Statics
Results
Bench Test FEMAP

Point Displacement Difference
D Displacement Y (Node 3) -113.9E-3 1 -114.4E-3 0.44%
(T2 Translation)
D Displacement Y (Node 3) -113.9E-3 2 -113.3E-3 0.53%
(T2 Translation)
Reference
Spherical Shell with a Hole
• ssls21a.neu (Test 1, linear quadrilateral plate)
• ssls21b.neu (Test 2, linear triangular plate)
• ssls21c.neu (Test 3, parabolic quadrilateral plate)
This test is a linear statics analysis of a spherical shell with a hole with nodal forces. It pro-
Units
SI
Material Properties
7
E = 6.285x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
Test 1 (ssls21a)
• 121 nodes

Test 2 (ssls21b)
• 200 linear triangular plate elements
• 121 nodes
Test 3 (ssls21c)
• 341 nodes
All tests are executed with mapped meshing.
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain nodes 1-11 in the X translation and Y and Z rotations.
• Free condition

Note: To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XY and YZ planes.
Loads
• Nodal forces F = 2 Newtons
Due to the symmetric boundary conditions, only half of the load is applied.
Solution Type
Statics
Results
T1 Translation Bench Test FEMAP

Point Difference
u (m) Value Number Structural
A(R,0,0) node 111 94.0E-3 1 103.3E-3 9.91%
node 111 94.0E-3 2 103.7E-3 10.32%
node 421 94.0E-3 3 98.6E-3 4.89%
Reference
Uniformly Distributed Load on a
Simply-Supported Rectangular
Plate
• ssls24a.neu (Test 1, coarse mesh)
• ssls24b.neu (Test 2, fine mesh)
• ssls24c.neu (Test 3, very fine mesh)
This test is a linear statics analysis of a plate with pressure loading and simple supports. It pro-
Units
SI
Material Properties
7
E = 1.0x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
Test 1 (ssls24a): length/thickness=1


• 121 nodes
Test 2 (ssls24b): length/thickness=2

• 231 nodes
Test 3 (ssls24c): length/thickness=5


• 561 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the nodes on all edges in the Z translation only.
Loads
• Set pressure = 1 N/m**2 in the -Z direction

Solution Type
Statics
Results
Length/
Bench FEMAP
Center Node Thickne Parameter Test Difference
Value Structural
ss
61z direction 1.0 0.00444 1 0.00453 2.03%
(T3 Translation) α
116z direction 2.0 0.01110 2 0.01110 0.0%
(T3 Translation) α
281z direction 5.0 0.1417 3 0.01402 1.06%
(T3 Translation) α

61x component 1.0 2874 1 2905 1.00%

top surface (Plate β
Top X Normal
Stress)
116x component 2.0 6102 2 6065 0.61%
top surface (Plate β
Top Y Normal
Stress)
281x component 5.0 7476 3 7332 1.93%
top surface (Plate α
Top Y Normal
Stress)
2
βqb
Max σ = σ b = -----------
2
-
t
4
– αqb
Max y = ---------------
3
-
Et
Where:
q= distributed load
b = dimension
t = thickness
E = elastic modules
β values of reference from the “Guide de Validation” are incorrect. The correct values are
extracted from “Formulas for Stress and Strain (Roark/Young)”.
Note that the plate top surface corresponds to the side of the plate with negative global z
coordinates.
Reference
Uniformly Distributed Load on a
Simply-Supported Rhomboid Plate
• ssls25a.neu (Test 1)
• ssls25b.neu (Test 2)
This test is a linear statics analysis (three–dimensional problem) of a plate with pressure and
transverse bending. It provides the input data and results for a test similar to benchmark test
SSLS25/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
6
E = 36.0x10 Pa
ν = 0.3

• Length/thickness=2
• linear quadrilateral plate elements
Test 1 (ssls25a)
θ = 30°

Test 2 (ssls25b)
θ = 45°
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain the nodes along the edges of the mesh in the Z translation.

Loads
• Elemental pressure = 1 N/m**2 in the -Z direction
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Bench Center location

Test Case Parameters FEMAP Structural Difference
Value
Test 1 Z displacement Z displacement (T3 Trans- 4.27%
ssls25a α = 0.118 lation) at node 116
θ = 30° -3.277x10E-3m -3.137x10E-3m
ssls25a Y stress Y stress (Plate Top Y Nor- 1.07%
β = 0.570 mal Stress) at node 116
-5.70x10E3N/m2 -5.761x10E3N/m2
Test 2 Z displacement Z displacement (T3 Trans- 3.53%
ssls25b α = 0.108 lation) at node 116
θ = 45° -3.0x10E-3m -2.894x10E-3m
ssls25b Y stress Y stress (Plate Top Y Nor- 0.76%
β = 0.539 mal Stress) at node 116
-5.39x10E3N/m2 -5.349x10E3N/m2

2
Max σ =βqb
4
αqb -
Max y = ------------
3
Et
Where:
q= distributed load
b = dimension
t = thickness
E = elastic modules
Values of reference from the “Guide de validation” are incorrect. The correct values are
extracted from “Formulas for Stress and Strain (Roark/Young),” table 26, case number 14a.
Reference
Shear Loading on a Plate
• ssls27a.neu (Test 1)
• ssls27b.neu (Test 2)
• ssls27c.neu (Test 3)
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin plate with torque and shear loading. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS27/89 from “Guide de validation des
Units
SI
Material Properties
7
E = 1.0x10 Pa
ν = 0.25
Test 1 (ssls27a) - Mindlin (element formulation)

• 14 nodes
Test 2 (ssls27b) - Kirchhoff (element formulation)


• 14 nodes
Test 3 (ssls27c) - Mindlin (element formulation)

• 75 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain the nodes on side AD in all translations and rotations.
Loads
• Create a nodal force Fz = -1N at point B.
• Create a nodal force -Fz = 1N at point C.
D
Solution Type
Statics

Results at Location C
Displacement
Bench Test FEMAP
Node Difference
(Total T3 Translation)
14 3.537E-2 1 5.335E-2 50.83%
14 3.537E-2 2 3.382E-2 4.38%
75 3.537E-2 3 3.750E-2 6.02%
Reference
ics Analysis with Solid Elements
solid element test cases:
• "Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension"
• "Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Spherical Container"
• "Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Infinite Cylinder"
• "Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending"
• "Thick Plate Clamped at Edges"
Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension
• sslv01a.neu (parabolic tetrahedron, free meshing)
• sslv01b.neu (linar brick, mapped meshing)
• sslv01c.neu (linear quadrilateral axisymmetric solid, mapped meshing)
• sslv01d.neu (linear triangular axisymmetric solid, free meshing)
This test is a linear statics analysis of a solid cylinder with tension–compression. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLV01/89 from “Guide de validation des
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.0x10 Pa
ν = 0.30
Test 1 (sslv01a) - Free meshing

• 155 parabolic tetrahedron elements
• 342 nodes

Test 2 (sslv01b) - Mapped meshing

• 192 linear brick elements
• 259 nodes
Test 3 (sslv01c) - Mapped meshing

• 48 linear quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements
• 65 nodes
Test 4 (sslv01d) - Free meshing

• 28 linear triangular axisymmetric solid elements
• 24 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Uniaxial deformation of the cylinder section
Constraints (sslv01a)
• Nodes 1, 17-19: Constrain in the Y and Z translations.
• Nodes 2, 14-16: Constrain in the X and Z translations.
• Node 3: Constrain in the X, Y, and Z translations.
• Nodes 4, 59-63: Constrain in the X and Y translations.
• Nodes 5, 20-22, 33-45, 200-226: Constrain in the Y translation.
• Nodes 6, 23-25, 46-58, 173-199: Constrain in the X translation.
• Nodes 7-13, 64-72: Constrain in the Z translation.
Constraints (sslv01b)
• Constrain node 1, 10,19, and 28 in the Y and Z translation.
• Constrain nodes 2-8, 11-17, 20-26, and 29-35 in the Z translation.
• Constrain nodes 9, 18, 27, and 36 in the X and Z translation.
• Constrain node 37 in the X, Y, and Z translations.
• Constrain nodes 54, 63, 72, 81, 99, 108, 117, 126, 144, 153, 162, 171, 189, 198, 207,
216, 234, 243, 252, 261, 279, 288, 297, and 306 in the X translation.
• Constrain nodse 82, 127, 172, 217, and 307 in the X and Y translation.

• Constrain nodes 46, 55, 64, 73, 91, 100, 109, 118, 136, 145, 154, 163, 181, 190, 199,
208, 226, 235, 244, 253, 271, 280, 289, and 298 in the Y translation.
Constraints (sslv01c)
• Constrain nodes 13, 26, 39, and 52 in the Z translation.
• Constrain node 65 in the X and Z translations.
Constraints (sslv01d)
• Constrain node 1 in the X and Z translation
• Constrain nodes 2, 5, 6, and 7 in the Z translation.

Loads (all tests)

• Set uniformly distributed force -F/A on the free end in the Z direction
• Elemental pressure, F/A = 100 MPa
Loads, Tests 1 and 2
Loads, Tests 3 and 4:
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Bench FEMAP
Node # Displacements Test # Difference
Value Structural
6 T3 Translation 1.5E-3 1 1.5E-3 0.00%
279 T3 Translation 1.5E-3 2 1.5E-3 0.00%
1 T3 Translation 1.5E-3 3 1.5E-3 0.00%
4 T3 Translation 1.5E-3 4 1.5E-3 0.00%
4 T3 Translation 1.5E-3 1 1.5E-3 0.00%
307 T3 Translation 1.5E-3 2 1.5E-3 0.00%
53 T3 Translation 1.5E-3 3 1.5E-3 0.00%

3 T3 Translation 1.5E-3 4 1.5E-3 0.00%

37 T3 Translation 1E-3 1 1E-3 0.00%
189 T3 Translation 1E-3 2 1E-3 0.00%
41 T3 Translation 0.5E-3 1 0.5E-3 0.00%
99 T3 Translation 0.5E-3 2 0.5E-3 0.00%
9 T3 Translation 0.5E-3 3 0.5E-3 0.00%
29 T3 Translation 0.5E-3 4 0.5E-3 0.00%
6 T2 Translation -0.15E-3 1 -0.15E-3 0.00%
279 T2 Translation -0.15E-3 2 -0.15E-3 0.00%
1 T1 Translation -0.15E-3 3 -0.15E-3 0.00%
4 T1 Translation -0.15E-3 4 -0.15E-3 0.00%
37 T1 Translation -0.15E-3 1 -0.15E-3 0.00%
189 T1 Translation -0.15E-3 2 -0.15E-3 0.00%
5 T2 Translation -0.15E-3 3 -0.15E-3 0.00%
25 T1 Translation -0.15E-3 4 -0.15E-3 0.00%
41 T1 Translation -0.15E-3 1 -0.15E-3 0.00%
99 T2 Translation -0.15E-3 2 -0.15E-3 0.00%
9 T1 Translation -0.15E-3 3 -0.15E-3 0.00%
29 T1 Translation -0.15E-3 4 -0.15E-3 0.00%
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SSLV01/89/89.
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled
Spherical Container
• sslv03a.neu (Test 1, linear solids)
• sslv03b.neu (Test 2, parabolic solids)
• sslv03c.neu (Test 3, linear axisymmetric solids)
• sslv03d.neu (Test 4, parabolic axisymmetric solids)
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick sphere with internal pressure. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLV03/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels
Units
SI
Material Properties
5
E = 2.0x10 Pa
ν = 0.30
Test 1 (sslv03a) - Mapped meshing

• 1600 linear brick elements

• 1898 nodes

• 250 parabolic brick elements
• 1256 nodes


• 451 nodes
Test 4 (sslv03d) - Mapped meshing

• 400 parabolic quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements
• 1301 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• The equivalent of the center of the sphere being fixed is modeled via symmetric bound-
ary conditions.
Constraints - Tests 1 and 2:

Constraints - Tests 3 and 4:
Loads
• Uniform radial elemental pressure = 100 MPa
Pressure -Tests 1 and 2:
Pressure - Tests 3 and 4:

Solution Type
Statics
Results
Results for Point R = 1m

Point Node # Difference
Stress Value Number Structural
r=1 m 1 -100 1 -90.07 9.93%
σ Π ( MPa )
Solid Z Normal
Stress
1 Solid Z Normal -100 2 -104.33 4.33%
41 Axisym C1 Radial -100 3 -95.50 4.50%
Stress
41 Axisym C1 Radial -100 4 -94.81 5.19%
Stress
1 71.43 1 72.04 0.85%
σ θ ( MPa )
Solid Y Normal
Stress
1 71.43 2 73.70 3.18%
σ θ ( MPa )
Solid Y Normal
Stress
41 71.43 3 69.20 3.12%
σ θ ( MPa )
Axisym C1 Azi-
muth Stress
41 71.43 4 69.50 2.70%
σ θ ( MPa )
Axisym C1 Azi-
muth Stress
1 u (m) 0.4E-3 1 0.40E-3 0.00%
T3 Translation

1 u (m) 0.4E-3 2 0.40E-3 0.00%

T3 Translation
41 u (m) 0.4E-3 3 0.41E-3 2.50%
T3 Translation
41 u (m) 0.4E-3 4 0.40E-3 0.00%
T3 Translation
Results for Point R = 2m

Stress Value Number Structural
r=2 m 1826 0 1 -.041 N/A
σ Π ( MPa )
Solid Z Normal
Stress
2221 0 2 -.649 N/A
σ Π ( MPa )
Solid Z Normal
Stress
1 Axisym C1 Radial 0 3 -.233 N/A
Stress
1 Axisym C1 Radial 0 4 -.430 N/A
Stress
1826 21.43 1 21.18 1.16%
σ θ ( MPa )
Solid Y Normal
Stress
2221 21.43 2 21.76 1.53%
σ θ ( MPa )
Solid Y Normal
Stress
1 Axisym C1 Radial 21.43 3 21.39 0.19%
Stress
1 Axisym C1 Radial 21.43 4 21.58 0.70%
Stress

1826 u (m) 1.5E-4 1 1.50E-4 0.00%

T3 Translation
2221 u (m) 1.5E-4 2 1.50E-4 0.00%
T3 Translation
1 u (m) 1.5E-4 3 1.53E-4 2.00%
T3 Translation
1 u (m) 1.5E-4 4 1.50E-4 0.00%
T3 Translation
All results are averaged.

Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SSLV03/89.
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled
Infinite Cylinder
• sslv04a.neu (solid, linear brick)
• sslv04b.neu (solid, parabolic brick)
• sslv04c.neu (solid, axisymmetric quadrilateral)
• sslv04d.neu (solid, axisymmetric parabolic)
This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick cylinder with internal pressure. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLV04/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels
Units
SI
Material Properties
5
E = 2.0x10 Pa
ν = 0.30

Test 1 (sslv04a) - Mapped meshing

• 400 solid (linear brick) elements
• 902 nodes

• 240 solid (parabolic brick) elements
• 1873 nodes

FE Model - Tests 1 and 2:

• 600 axisymmetric (linear quadrilateral solid) elements
• 656 nodes

• 600 axisymmetric (parabolic quadrilateral solid) elements
• 1911 nodes
Boundary Conditions
• Nodes 1-41, 452-492: Constrain in the X translation.

• Nodes 1-61, 1038-1098, 2075-2135: Constrain in the X translation.
• Nodes 977-1037, 2014-2074, 3051-3111: Constrain in the Z translation.
• Nodes 1-41: Constrain in the Z translation.
• Nodes 1-81: Constrain in the Z translation.
Loads (all tests)

• Unlimited cylinder
• Internal elemental pressure p = 60 MPa
Boundary Conditions - Tests 1 and 2:

Solution Type
Statics
Results
All results are averaged.
Results for R=0.1m
Test Displacement Bench FEMAP

Case Stress Value Structural
sslv04a r=0.1 m -60 411 -57.07 4.88%
σ r ( MPa )
Solid X Normal
Stress
sslv04b Solid X Normal -60 977 -60.97 1.62%
Stress
sslv04c Axisymm C1 -60 616 -58.03 3.28%
Radial Stress
sslv04d Axisymm C1 -60 1831 -59.98 0.03%
Radial Stress
sslv04a 100 411 99.69 0.31%
σ θ ( MPa )
Solid Z Normal
Stress
sslv04b 100 977 100.98 0.98%
σ θ ( MPa )
Solid Z Normal
Stress
sslv04c Axisymm C1 Azi- 100 616 100.77 0.77%
muth Stress
sslv04d Axisymm C1 Azi- 100 1831 99.98 0.02%
muth Stress
sslv04a 80 411 79.35 0.81%
τ max ( MPa )
Solid Max Shear

Stress

sslv04b Solid Max Shear 80 977 80.97 1.21%

Stress
sslv04a u (m) 59E-6 411 59E-6 0.00%
T1 Translation
sslv04b T1 Translation 59E-6 977 59E-6 0.00%
sslv04c T1 Translation 59E-6 616 59E-6 0.00%
sslv04d T1 Translation 59E-6 1831 59E-6 0.00%
Results for R=0.2m
Test Displacement Bench Node FEMAP

Point Difference
Case Stress Value # Structural
sslv04a r=0.2m 0 451 -.006 NA
σ r ( MPa )
Solid X Normal
Stress
sslv04b Solid X Normal 0 1037 -.250 NA
Stress
sslv04c Axisymm C1 0 656 -.253 NA
Radial Stress
sslv04d Axisymm C1 0 1911 .002 NA
Radial Stress
sslv04a 40 451 39.70 0.75%
σ θ ( MPa )
Solid Z Normal
Stress
sslv04b Solid Z Normal 40 1037 40.25 0.62%
Stress
sslv04c Axisymm C1 Axi- 40 656 40.61 1.53%
muth Stress
sslv04d Axisymm C1 Axi- 40 1911 39.90 0.25%
muth Stress
sslv04a 20 451 20.10 0.50%
τ max ( MPa )
Solid Max Shear

Stress

sslv04b Solid Max Shear 20 1037 20.25 1.25%

Stress
sslv04a u (m) 40E-6 451 40E-6 0.00%
T1 Translation
sslv04b T1 Translation 40E-6 1037 40E-6 0.00%
sslv04c T1 Translation 40E-6 656 39.9E-6 0.25%
sslv04d T1 Translation 40E-6 1911 40E-6 0.00%
Reference
Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending
• sslv08a.neu (Test 1, solid elements, linear tetrahedrons)
• sslv08b.neu (Test 2, solid elements, parabolic tetrahedrons)
• sslv08c.neu (Test 3, solid elements, linear bricks)
• sslv08d.neu (Test 4 solid elements, parabolic bricks)
This test is a linear statics analysis of a solid rod with bending. It provides the input data and
results for benchmark test SSLV08/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
5
E = 2.0x10 Pa
ν = 0.30
Test 1 (sslv08a) - Free meshing

• 198 solid (linear tetrahedron) elements
• 76 nodes
Test 2 (sslv08b) - Free meshing

• 198 solid (parabolic tetrahedron) elements
• 409 nodes


• 48 solid (linear brick) elements
• 117 nodes

• 48 solid (parabolic brick) elements
• 381 nodes
Boundary Conditions
• Nodes 29, 33: Constrain in the X and Z translations.
• Nodes 30-32, 34, 39, 40: Constrain in the Z translation.

• Nodes 127, 131: Constrain in the X and Z translations.
• Nodes 128-130, 132-146, 188-195: Constrain in the Z translation only.
• Nodes 1-8, 10, 12, 14-21: Constrain in the Z translation.
• Nodes 9, 13: Constrain in the X translation.
• Nodes 11: Constrain in the X, Y, and Z translations.
Loads (all tests)

• Set moment Mx equal to (4/3)E+7 N.m

Solution Type
Statics
Results
Test Node Displacement/ Bench FEMAP

Difference
# # Stress Value Structural
1 5 Solid Z Normal -10E6 -4.268E6 57.00%
Stress (Pa)
2 5 Solid Z Normal -10E6 10.03E6 0.30%
Stress (Pa)
3 75 Solid Z Normal -10E6 10.07E6 0.70%
Stress (Pa)
4 245 Solid Z Normal -10E6 10.01E6 0.10%
Stress (Pa)
1 26 T2 Translation 4E-4 2.964E-4 26.00%
2 90 T2 Translation 4E-4 4E-4 0.00%
4 251 T2 Translation 4E-4 4.044E-4 1.10%
1 19 T3 Translation 2E-4 1.460E-4 27.00%
4 249 T3 Translation 2E-4 2.010E-4 0.50%
1 5 T1 Translation 0.15E-4 7.449E-6 50.34%
2 5 T1 Translation 0.15E-4 0.1514E-4 0.93%
3 75 T1 Translation 0.15E-4 0.1480E-4 1.33%
4 245 T1 Translation 0.15E-4 0.1511E-4 0.73%

1 8 T1 Translation -0.15E-4 -6.2620E-6 58.20%

2 8 T1 Translation -0.15E-4 -0.1509E-4 0.60%
3 73 T1 Translation -0.15E-4 -0.1480E-4 1.33%
4 241 T1 Translation -0.15E-4 -0.1511E-4 0.73%
Reference
Thick Plate Clamped at Edges
• sslv09a10.neu (Test 1, parabolic brick, length/thickness =10)
• sslv09b10.neu (Test 2, linear plate, length/thickness =10)
This test is a linear statics analysis of a square thick plate with pressure and transverse bend-
ing. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLV09/89 from “Guide de vali-
dation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1x10 Pa
ν = 0.30
Test 1 - Mapped meshing

• 25 parabolic brick elements
• 228 nodes

• length/thickness =10, 20, 50, 75, 100
Test 2 - Mapped meshing

• 36 nodes
• length/thickness =10, 20, 50, 75, 100
Test 2 is done using plate elements with the following thickness values:
• length/thickness =10, t=0.1

Boundary Conditions
Constraints – Test 1
• Fully constrain the nodes on edges AB, A’B’, AD, and A’D’ in all translations and rota-
tions.
• Constrain the nodes on edge BC and B’C’ in the X translation and Y and Z rotations.
• Constrain the corner nodes at C and C’ in all translations and rotations except for the Z
translation.
• Constrain the nodes on edge DC and D’C’ in the Y translation and X and Z rotations.
Constraints – Test 2
• Fully constrain the nodes on edges AB and AD in all translations and rotations.
• Constrain the nodes on edge BC in the X translation and Y and Z rotations.
• Constrain the corner nodes at C in all translations and rotations except for the Z transla-
tion.
• Constrain the nodes on edge DC in the Y translation and X and Z rotations.
Loads
• Load case 1:
Elemental pressure p = 1E6 Pascals in -Z direction
• Load case 2: Point C
Nodal force F = 2.5E5 N in -Z direction
Boundary conditions for Test 1:

Boundary conditions for Test 2:
Solution Type
Statics
Results
Test Case 1 (T3 Translation at location C)
Length/
Node Reference FEMAP
File Name Thick- Load Case Analytical Difference
# FEM Structural
ness
sslv09a10 10 Pressure 242 -.6552E-4 -.76231E-4 -.735942E-4 12.32%
sslv09a10 10 Force 242 -.29146E-3 -.42995E-3 -.426662E-3 46.38%
sslv09a20 20 Force 242 -.23317E-2 -.25352E-2 -.242500E-2 4.00%
sslv09a50 50 Force 242 -.36433E-1 -.35738E-1 -.346276E-1 4.96%
sslv09a75 75 Force 242 -.12296 -.11837 -.114411 6.95%
sslv09a100 100 Force 242 -.29146 -.27794 -.268120 8.00%

Test Case 2 (T3 Translation at location C)
Length/
Part Node Reference FEMAP
Thick- Load Case Analytical Difference
Name # FEM Structural
ness
sslv09b10 10 Pressure 1 -.6552E-4 -.78661E-4 -.797294E-4 21.69%
sslv09b10 10 Force 1 -.29146E-3 -.41087E-3 -.395973E-3 35.86%
sslv09b20 20 Force 36 -.23317E-2 -.25946E-2 -.260199E-2 11.59%
sslv09b50 50 Force 36 -.36433E-1 -.37454E-1 -.381471E-1 4.70%
sslv09b75 75 Force 36 -.12296 -.12525 -.127845 3.97%
0
sslv09b10 100 Force 1 -.29146 -.29579 -.302292 3.72%
0
Reference
Mechanical Structures - Normal
Modes/Eigenvalue Analysis
The normal modes/eigevanlues test cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens
include:
• "Lumped Mass-Spring System"
• "Short Beam on Simple Supports"
• "Axial Loading on a Rod"
• "Thin Circular Ring"
• "Cantilever Beam with a Variable Rectangular Section"
• "Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two Points"
• "Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe Elbow"
• "Cantilever Beam with Eccentric Lumped Mass"
• "Thin Square Plate (Clamped or Free)"
• "Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate"
• "Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub"
• "Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-free Thin Shell"
• "Bending of a Symmetric Truss"
• "Hovgaard’s Problem - Pipes with Flexible Elbows"
• "Rectangular Plates"
Lumped Mass-Spring System
The complete model and results for this test case are in file sdld02.neu.
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis of an elastic link with lumped mass. It pro-
vides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLD02/89 from “Guide de validation des
Units
SI
Material Properties
Spring constant

• 8 mass elements
• 9 DOF springs
• 8 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain all the nodes (1-8) in all translations and rotations except for the X translation.

Solution Type
Results
The mode shapes results are exact. The multiplication coefficient is 0.4642 for mode 1 and -
0.4642 for mode 8.
Frequency Results:
Bench
Normal FEMAP Structural
Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
1 5.5274 5.5274 0.00%
2 10.8868 10.8868 0.00%
3 15.9155 15.9155 0.00%
4 20.4606 20.4606 0.00%
5 24.3840 24.3840 0.00%
6 27.5664 27.5664 0.00%
7 29.9113 29.9113 0.00%
8 31.3474 31.3474 0.00%

Mode Shapes Results:
Normal Bench
Point FEMAP Structural
Mode Value
1 P1 0.1612 0.3473
1 P2 0.3030 0.6527
1 P3 0.4082 0.8794
1 P4 0.4642 1.0000
1 P5 0.4642 1.0000
1 P6 0.4082 0.8794
1 P7 0.3030 0.6527
1 P8 0.1612 0.3473
8 P1 0.1612 -0.3473
8 P2 -0.3030 0.6527
8 P3 0.4082 -0.8794
8 P4 -0.4642 1.0000
8 P5 0.4642 -1.0000
8 P6 -0.4082 0.8794
8 P7 0.3030 -0.6527
8 P8 -0.1612 0.3473
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SDLD02/89, p. 178.
Short Beam on Simple Supports
• sdll01a.neu
• sdll01b.neu
This test is a modal analysis of a straight short beam with simple supports both inline and off-
set. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL01/89 from “Guide de vali-
dation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 7800 ------3-
m
Problem 1 (sdll01a)
• 10 bar elements
• 11 nodes

Problem 2 (sdll01b)
• 10 bar elements
• 2 rigid elements (master node 4 to slave node 2; master node 3 to slave node 1)
Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Node 1: Constrain in all directions and rotations, except the Z rotation.
• Node 2: Constrain in all directions and rotations, except for the X translation and Z rota-
tion.
• Constrain all other nodes in the Z translation and the X and Y rotations.
Loads
• no load case
The boundary conditions for both problems are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
Results
Problem 1: Frequency Results
Bench
Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
Bending 1 431.555 431.555 0.03%
Tension 1 1265.924 1267.226 0.10%
Bending 2 1498.295 1503.171 0.33%
Bending 3 2870.661 2904.096 1.16%
Tension 2 3797.773 3833.003 0.93%
Bending 4 4377.837 4493.912 2.65%
Problem 2: Frequency Results
Bench
Mode FEMAP Structural
Value Difference
number (Hz)
(Hz)
1 392.8 394.3 0.38%
2 902.2 922.4 2.24%
3 1591.9 1641.0 3.08%
4 2629.2 2800.0 6.50%
5 3126.2 3291.2 5.28%
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SDLL01/89.
Axial Loading on a Rod
The complete model and results for this test case are in the following file:
• sdll05a.neu
• sdll05b.neu
This test is a modal analysis of a simply–supported beam with stress stiffening. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SDLL05/89 from “Guide de validation des
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2x10 Pa
kg
ρ = 7800 --------
m3

• 10 bar elements
• 11 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Problem 1 (sdll05a):
• Node 1: Leave the Z rotation free and constrain the node in all other translations and
rotations.
• Node 2 : Leave the X translation and Z rotation free and constrain in all other translations
and rotations.
Problem 2 (sdll05b):
• Node 1: Leave the Z rotation free and constrain the node in all other translations and
rotations.
• Node 2: Leave the X translation and Z rotation free and constrain the node in all other
translations and rotations.
• Load Set 1 (node 2): Define a nodal force = to 1E5N in the -X direction. Ensure that
Stress Stiffening is turned on in the analysis set.
Solution Type

Results
Frequency Results:
Bench FEMAP
Normal
Value Structural Difference
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
sdll05a Mode 1 28.702 28.672 0.10%
sdll05a Mode 3 114.807 114.351 0.40%
sdll05b Mode 1 22.434 22.399 0.16%
sdll05b Mode 3 109.080 108.61 0.43%
Reference
Cantilever Beam with a Variable
Rectangular Section
The complete model and results for this test case are in the following file: sdll09a.neu
This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam with a variable section. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL09/89 from “Guide de validation des
b0
b0
β = ------
b1
b1
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2x10 Pa
kg
ρ = 7800 --------
m3

• 10 beam elements (tapered)
• 11 nodes

Boundary Conditions
• Constrain node 1 in all directions.
• Constrain all other nodes in the Z translation and X and Y rotations only.
• no load case
Solution Type

Results
Frequency Results
Bench FEMAP
Normal
Value Structural Difference
β Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
4 1 54.18 54.13 0.09%
2 171.94 171.36 0.34%
3 384.40 381.70 0.70%
4 697.24 688.89 1.20%
5 1112.28 1092.92 1.74%
Reference
Thin Circular Ring
The complete model and results for this test case are in file sdll11.neu.
This test is a modal analysis of a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for
benchmark test SDLL11/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
10
E = 7.2x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 2700 ------3-
m

• 36 bar elements
• 36 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Unconstrained (free) conditions
• Create 1 constraint set (Kinematic DOF set) to fully constrain the 3 nodes shown below
(nodes 7, 21, 30).
Loads
• no load case
Solution Type
Results
Frequency Results
Bench
Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
Modes 1-6 0 0 0.00%
Modes 7, 8 318.36 318.99 0.20%
Modes 9, 10 511 508 0.59%
Modes 11, 12 900.46 900.19 0.03%
Modes 13, 14 1590 1569 1.32%

Modes 15, 16 1726.55 1721.56 0.29%

Modes 17, 18 2792.21 2774.91 0.62%
Modes 19, 20 3184 3116 2.14%
Reference
Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two
Points
The complete model and results for this test case are in file sdll12.neu.
This test is a modal analysis of a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for
benchmark test SDLL12/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
10
E = 7.2x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 2700 ------3-
m

• 29 bar elements
• 29 nodes

Boundary Conditions
• Points A and B (nodes 1 and 2): Fully constrained in all directions
• All other nodes: Constrained the Z translation and X and Y rotations only.
• no load case
Solution Type
Results
Frequency Results
Bench
Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
1 235.3 235.9 0.25%
2 575.3 575.1 0.03%
3 1105.7 1102.7 0.27%
4 1405.6 1398.0 0.54%
5 1751.1 1740.8 0.59%
6 2557.0 2536.6 0.80%
7 2801.5 2723.0 2.80%

Reference
Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe
Elbow
• sdll014a.neu
• sdll014b.neu
• sdll014c.neu
This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam, and a thin curved beam. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL14/89 from “Guide de validation des
C A
L
B
Units
SI

Material Properties
11
E = 2.1x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 7800 ------3-
m
Problem 1 (sdll14a) where L=0 and Problem 2 (sdll14b) where

L=0.6:
• 18 bar elements
• 19 nodes
Problem 3 (sdll14c) where L=2:

• 28 bar elements
• 29 nodes
The FE model is shown below:

Boundary Conditions
Problem 1 (sdll14a):
• Fully constrain points C and D (nodes 1 and 2) in all translations and rotations.
Problem 2 (sdll14b) and Problem 3 (sdll14c):

• Fully constrain points C and D (nodes 1 and 4) in all translations and rotations.
• Constrain point B (node 2) in the X and Z translations.
• Constrain point C (node 3) in the Y and Z translations.
Solution Type

Results
Problem 1 (sdll14a) Frequency Results:
Bench
L Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
0 1 44.23 44.11 0.27%
2 119 119 0.00%
3 125 126 0.80%
4 227 225 0.88%
Problem 2 (sdll14b) Frequency Results:
Bench
L Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
0.6 1 33.4 33.3 0.30%
2 94 94 0.00%
3 100 99 1.00%
4 180 184 2.22%
Problem 3 (sdll14c) Frequency Results:
Bench
L Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
2 1 17.9 17.7 1.12%
2 24.8 24.4 1.61%
3 25.3 24.9 1.58%
4 27 26.67 0.01%
Reference
Cantilever Beam with Eccentric
Lumped Mass
• sdll15a.neu
• sdll15b.neu
This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam and a mass element. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SDLL15/89 from “Guide de validation des
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1x10 Pa
kg
ρ = 7800 ------3-
m
Problem 1 (sdll15a)
• 10 bar elements
• 1 mass element at point B
• 11 nodes
B

Problem 2 (sdll15b)
• 10 bar elements
• 1 rigid element from point B to point C
• 1 mass element at point C
• 12 nodes
Boundary Conditions
Constraints:
• Fully constrain point A (node 1) in all translations and rotations.
Solution Type
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue - SVI

Results
Frequency Results:
Bench FEMAP
Normal
yc Value Structural Difference
Mode
(Hz) (Hz)
0 1,2 1.65 1.65 0.00%
3,4 16.07 15.91 1.00%
5,6 50.02 48.75 2.54%
7 76.47 76.48 0.01%
8 80.47 80.84 0.46%
9,10 103.20 98.53 4.53%
1 1 1.636 1.635 0.06%
2 1.642 1.640 0.12%
3 13.46 13.37 0.67%
4 13.59 13.52 0.52%
5 28.90 28.68 0.76%
6 31.96 31.54 1.31%
7 61.61 59.97 2.66%
8 63.93 61.82 3.30%
Mode Shapes Results:
Normal Modal Bench FEMAP

yc Difference
Mode Displacement Value Structural
1 1 wc/wb 1.030 1.030 0.00%
2 uc/vb 0.148 0.148 0.00%
3 uc/vb 2.882 2.845 1.28%
4 wc/wb -0.922 -0.956 3.69%
• wc=T3 translation at point C
• wb= T3 translation at point B
• uc=T1 translation at point C
• vb= T2 translation at point B

Reference
Thin Square Plate (Clamped or
Free)
• sdls01a.neu
• sdls01b.neu
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis (three–dimensional problem) of a thin plate.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS01/89 from “Guide de valida-
tion des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 7800 ------3-
m

• 121 nodes
A D
B C

Boundary Conditions
• Problem 1 (sdls01a): Constrain the nodes along side BC in all translations and rotations.
• Problem 2 (sdls01b) : Free plate; Create a constraint set (Kinematic DOF set) to con-
strain the three nodes shown below (nodes 1, 11, and 111) in all translations and rota-
tions.
Solution Type
Results
Problem 1 (sdls01a) Frequency Results:
Bench Value FEMAP Structural

Normal Mode Difference
(Hz) (Hz)
1 8.7266 8.6719 0.63%
2 21.3042 21.1474 0.74%
3 53.5542 53.9586 0.76%

4 68.2984 68.4467 0.21%

5 77.7448 77.7814 0.05%
6 136.0471 135.783 0.19%
Problem 2 (sdls01b) Frequency Results:

(Hz) (Hz)
7 33.7119 32.9104 2.38%
8 49.4558 47.4165 4.12%
9 61.0513 59.1873 3.05%
10,11 87.5160 83.0785 5.07%
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SDLS01/89.
Simply-Supported Rectangular
Plate
The complete model and results for this test case are in file sdls03.neu.
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis (three–dimensional problem) of a thin plate.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS03/89 from “Guide de valida-
tion des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 7800 ------3-
m

• 176 nodes

Boundary Conditions
• Constrain the Z translation of the nodes on all sides of the plate.
• Create a constraint set to define the Master (ASET) DOFs on nodes 47, 55, 119. Con-
strain these nodes in all directions except for the Z translation.
• no load case
Solution Type
Results
Frequency Results:
Bench
Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
4 35.63 35.21 1.18%
5 68.51 67.21 1.90%
6 109.62 108.96 0.60%
7 123.32 121.13 1.78%
8 142.51 138.30 2.95%
9 197.32 187.94 4.75%

Reference
Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub
The complete model and results for this test case are in file sdls04.neu.
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis (three–dimensional problem) of an annular
thin plate. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS04/89 from “Guide
de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 7800 ------3-
m

Mapped meshing
• 440 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain all the nodes on the inner ring as shown below.
Loads
• no load case
Solution Type
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue – SVI
Results
Frequency Results:

(Hz) (Hz)
1 79.26 79.41 0.19%
2, 3 81.09 81.05 0.05%
4, 5 89.63 89.64 0.01%
6, 7 112.79 113.45 0.58%
8, 9 not available 158.38
18 518.85 532.19 2.57%

19, 20 528.61 561.91 6.30%

21, 22 559.09 576.90 3.18%
23 609.70 612.63 0.48%
Reference
Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-
free Thin Shell
• sdls05a.neu (linear quadrilateral, coarse mesh)
• slds05b.neu (linear quadrilateral, fine mesh)
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis (three–dimensional problem) of a cylindrical
thin shell. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS05/89 from “Guide
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.0685x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 7857.2 ------3-
m
Finite Element Modeling - Coarse Mesh

Mapped meshing
• 121 nodes

The coarse mesh is shown in the following figure:
Finite Element Modeling - Fine Mesh

Mapped Meshing
• 256 nodes
The fine mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
Fully constrain the nodes on one side as shown in the following figure:
Solution Type
Results
Frequency Results:
Bench FEMAP Structural FEMAP Structural

Normal Mode Value coarse mesh fine mesh
(Hz) (Hz) (Hz)
1 85.6 85.6 85.7
2 134.5 138.2 138.3
3 259.0 249.8 248.0
4 351.0 345.9 343.7
5 395.0 386.5 386.0
6 531.0 549.8 537.7
Reference
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens, Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de struc-
tures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SDLS05/89.
Bending of a Symmetric Truss
The complete model and results for this test case are in file sdlx01.neu.
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis (plane problem) of a straight cantilever beam
structure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX01/89 from “Guide
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1x10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 7800 ------3-
m

• 24 bar elements
• 24 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Fully constrain nodes 1 and 4 in all translations and rotations.
• Constrain nodes 2-3 and 5-24 in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.
Solution Type
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue – SVI
Results
Frequency Results:
Bench
Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
1 8.8 8.8 0.00%
2 29.4 29.4 0.00%
3 43.8 43.8 0.00%
4 56.3 56.3 0.00%
5 96.2 96.2 0.00%
6 102.6 102.7 0.10%
7 147.1 147.4 0.20%
8 174.8 175.3 0.29%
9 178.8 179.3 0.28%

10 206.0 206.9 0.44%

11 266.4 268.1 0.64%
12 320.0 322.4 0.75%
13 335.0 338.7 1.10%
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. SDLX01/89.
Hovgaard’s Problem - Pipes with
Flexible Elbows
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis (three–dimensional problem) of a straight,
thin curved cantilever beam. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test
SDLX02/89 from “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Material Properties
11
E = 1.658x· 10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 13404.106 ------3-
m
Units
SI

• 25 bar elements
• 26 nodes

Boundary Conditions
• Fully constrain nodes 1 and 6 in all translations and rotations.
Solution Type
Results
Frequency Results:
Bench
Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
1 10.18 10.40 2.16%
2 19.54 19.87 1.69%
3 25.47 25.36 0.43%
4 48.09 47.71 0.79%
5 52.86 51.80 2.01%
6 75.94 82.84 9.09%
7 80.11 85.20 6.35%
8 122.34 125.53 2.61%
9 123.15 127.64 3.65%
Reference
Rectangular Plates
This test is a normal modes/eigenvalue analysis (three–dimensional problem) of a thin plate
with rigid body modes. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX03/89
from “Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 2.1x· 10 Pa
ν = 0.3
kg
ρ = 7800 ------3-
m

• 320 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constraint Set 1 (Kinematic DOF Set): Fully constrain nodes 2, 69, and 84 in all transla-
tions and rotations.
Solution Type
Results
Frequency Results:
Bench
Value Difference
Mode (Hz)
(Hz)
7 584 586 0.34%
8 826 824 0.24%
9 855 854 0.11%
10 911 904 0.76%
11 1113 1072 3.68%
12 1136 1140 0.35%
Reference
Stationary Thermal Tests - Steady
State Heat Transfer Analysis
The stationary thermal test cases for steady-state heat transfer analysis from the Societe
Francaise des Mecaniciens include:
• "Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Temperatures"
• "Hollow Cylinder - Convection"
• "Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density"
• "Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials - Convection"
• "Wall - Fixed Temperatures"
• "Wall - Convection"
• "Hollow Sphere - Fixed Temperatures, Convection"
• "L-Plate"
• "Hollow Sphere with Two Materials -Convection"
Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Tempera-
tures
The complete model and results for this test case are in file htpla01.neu.
This test is a steady–state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with fixed tem-
peratures. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA01/89 from “Guide
Units
SI
Material Properties
W
λ = 1 ----- °C
m

Two tests:
• Test 1 - 5 linear quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements
• Test 2 - 5 parabolic quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements
The meshes are shown in the following figure:
Boundary Conditions
• One temperature set:

Internal temperature
Ti = 100°C
External temperature
Te = 20°C
Solution Type
Steady–State Heat Transfer

Results
Temperature Results (0 degrees Celsius):

FEMAP
Bench FEMAP Structural
Radius(m) Structural 5
Value 5 parabolic quads.
linear quads.
0.30 100.00 100.00 100.00
0.31 82.98 82.98 82.98
0.32 66.51 66.51 66.51
0.33 50.54 50.54 50.54
0.34 35.04 35.04 35.04
0.35 20.00 20.00 20.00
Total Heat Flux Results (W/m**2):
FEMAP FEMAP
Radius Bench
(m) Value
5 linear quads. 5 parabolic quads.
0.30 1729.91 1701.69 1701.70
0.31 1674.11 1674.68 1674.69
0.32 1621.79 1622.32 1622.32
0.33 1572.64 1573.13 1573.13
0.34 1526.39 1526.84 1526.83
0.35 1482.78 1504.39 1504.38
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. TPLA01/89.
Hollow Cylinder - Convection
This test is a steady–state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with convec-
tion. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA03/89 from “Guide de val-
idation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
W
λ = 40 ----- °C
m

Three tests:
• Test 1 - 10 linear axisymmetric quadrilateral solid elements
• Test 2 - 2 linear axisymmetric quadrilateral solid elements
• Test 3 - 2 parabolic axisymmetric quadrilateral solid elements
The meshes are shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
Elemental Convection
• Convection on internal surface (nodes 3, 14, 16):
W
hi = 150.0 ------2- °C
m
Ti = 500°C
• Convection on external surface (nodes 12, 15, 17):

W
he = 142.0 ------2- °C
m
Ti = 20°C
Solution Type
Results
Temperature FEMAP
FEMAP FEMAP
and Bench Structural
Element Total Value 2 parabolic
10 linear quads. 2 linear quads.
Heat Flux quads.
Ti (°C) 272.27 272.35 272.17 272.35

Te (°C) 205.05 204.51 204.66 204.51

34160.00 33637.10 31746.69 31792.7
ϕi  ------2-
W
 
m
26276.90 26508.40 27824.15 27853.8
ϕe  ------2-
W
 
m
ϕ
--- = ϕ2πR
L
So:
ϕ W
--- = 34173.82 ⋅ 2 ⋅ π ⋅ 0.300 = 64416.13 -----
L m
Reference
Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density
This test is a steady–state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric rod with fixed tempera-
tures and flux density. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA05/89
Units
SI
Material Properties
W
λ = 33.33 ----- °C
m

• 42 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Nodal Temperatures
• z = 0 (nodes 1 and 3):
Set temperature to 0°C
• z = 1 (nodes 2 and 4):
Elemental Heat Flux

• Cylindrical surface (elements 1-20):
W
Set flux ϕ to – 200 --------
m2
Solution Type

Results
Temperature Results (degrees C):
Bench FEMAP
Node # z (m) Difference
Value Structural
Node 3 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00%
Node 41 0.1 -4.00 -4.02 0.50%
Node 39 0.2 4.00 3.98 0.50%
Node 37 0.3 24.00 23.97 0.13%
Node 35 0.4 56.00 55.97 0.05%
Node 33 0.5 100.00 99.97 0.03%
Node 31 0.6 156.00 155.97 0.02%
Node 29 0.7 224.00 223.97 ~0.00%
Node 27 0.8 304.00 303.98 ~0.00%
Node 25 0.9 396.00 395.98 0.01%
Node 4 1.0 500.00 500.00 0.00%
Results are post–processed on the internal surface.
Reference
Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials
- Convection
This test is a steady–state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with two mate-
rials and convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA08/89
Units
SI
Material Properties
• Material 1:
W
λ 1 = 40.0 ----- °C
m
• Material 2:
W
λ 2 = 20.0 ----- °C
m

• 16 nodes

The mesh is shown in the following figure.
Boundary Conditions
• Convection on internal surface:
W
hi = 150.0 ------2- °C
m
Ti = 70°C
• Convection on external surface:

W
hi = 200.0 ------2- °C
m
Ti = ( – 15° )C

Solution Type
Results
Temperature/
Bench FEMAP
Node # Element X Heat Difference
Value Structural
Flux
Node 9 Ti (°C) 25.42 25.42 0.00%
Node 14 Tm (°C) 17.69 17.69 0.00%
Node 16 Te (°C) 12.11 12.11 0.00%
Node 9 6687.44 6577.88 1.64%
ϕi  ------2-
W
m
Node 14 5732.09 5733.33 0.02%
ϕm  ------2-
W
m
Node 16 5422.25 5496.59 1.37%
ϕe  ------2-
W
m
ϕ
--- = ϕ2πR
L

So:
ϕ W
--- = 5733.33 ⋅ 2 ⋅ π ⋅ 0.35 = 12608.25 -----
L m
Reference
Wall - Convection
The complete model and results for this test case are in file htpl03.neu.
This test is a steady–state heat transfer analysis of a 1D wall with fixed convection. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test TPLL03/89 from “Guide de validation des
Units
SI
Material Properties
W
λ = 1.0 ----- °C
m

• 1 linear quadrilateral plate element
• 4 nodes
The plate element thickness is set to 1m.

Boundary Conditions
W
hA = 20.0 ------2- °C
m
TA = – 20.0°C
W
hB = 10.0 ------2- °C
m
TB = 500°C
• Convection coefficient is defined as

energy / (length*time*temperature) in the current system of units.
B
A
Solution Type

Results
Temperature Results (Degrees Celsius):
Temperature Bench FEMAP

Node # Difference
Flux Value Structural
Node 1 TA (°C) 21.71 21.71 0.00%
(Temp)
Node 4 TB (°C) 416.58 416.57 ∼0.00%
(Temp)
Node 1 ϕ (W/m**2) 834.2 834.3 0.01%
(Flux)
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. TPLL03/89.
Wall - Fixed Temperatures
The complete model and results for this test case are in file htpl01.neu.
This test is a steady–state heat transfer analysis of a 1D wall with fixed temperatures. It pro-
vides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLL01/89 from “Guide de validation des

Units
SI
Material Properties
W
λ = 0.75 ----- °C
m

• 5 beam (line 2) elements
• 6 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Nodal Temperatures
• Internal temperature
Ti = 100°C ( node 1 )
• External temperature
Te = 20°C ( node 6 )
Solution Type
Results
Length: Bench
Node # FEMAP Structural Difference
x (m) Value
Node 1 0.00 100.0 100.0 0.00%
Node 2 0.01 84.0 84.0 0.00%
Node 3 0.02 68.0 68.0 0.00%
Node 4 0.03 52.0 52.0 0.00%
Node 5 0.04 36.0 36.0 0.00%
Node 6 0.05 20.0 20.0 0.00%

The flux calculated with the software is exact:

Ω
ϕ = 1200 -----2-
µ
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. TPLL01/89.
L-Plate
• htpp01a.neu (linear quadrilateral)
• htpp01b.neu (parabolic quadrilateral)
This test is a steady–state heat transfer analysis of a 2D L–plate with fixed temperatures. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLP01/89 from “Guide de validation
des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
W
λ = 1.0 ----- °C
m

Two tests:
• 21 nodes, 12 linear quadrilateral plate elements
• 53 nodes, 12 parabolic quadrilateral plate elements

Boundary Conditions
Nodal Temperatures
• AF side:
• DE side:
F E
C D
A B
Solution Type
Results
FEMAP
FEMAP
% Structural %
Node Bench Values Structural
Difference parabolic Difference
linear quads.
quads.
8 7.869 7.861 1.10 7.883 0.18
9 5.495 5.502 0.13 5.519 0.43
10 2.816 2.845 1.03 2.834 0.64

19 8.018 8.026 0.10 8.015 0.04

18 5.680 5.669 0.19 5.666 0.25
20 2.881 2.959 2.71 2.877 0.14
17 8.514 8.505 0.11 8.519 0.06
6 6.667 6.667 0.00 6.667 0.00
16 2.972 2.990 0.61 2.963 0.30
21 9.001 9.015 0.16 9.108 1.20
15 8.640 8.661 0.24 8.669 0.34
14 9.316 9.294 0.24 9.283 0.35
5 9.009 8.996 0.14 8.961 0.53
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. TPLP01/89.
Hollow Sphere - Fixed Tempera-
tures, Convection
The complete model and results for this test case are in file htpv02.neu.
This test is a steady–state heat transfer analysis of a 3D sphere with fixed temperatures and
convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV02/89 from “Guide
Units
SI
Material Properties
W
λ = 1.0 ----- °C
m

• 500 solid (brick and wedge) elements
• 666 nodes
The test is executed on 1/8 of a mapped meshed sphere.

Boundary Conditions
W
hi = 30 ------2- °C
m
Ti = 100°C(elements 401-500)
Nodal Temperature
• Set external surface temperature
Te to 20°C(nodes 1-111)
Solution Type

Results
Temperature results (Degrees C):
Radius Bench FEMAP

Node # Difference
r (m) Value Structural
0.3 566 65.00 64.87 0.20%
0.31 455 54.84 54.74 0.18%
0.32 344 45.31 45.24 0.15%
0.33 233 36.36 36.32 0.11%
0.34 122 27.94 27.92 0.07%
0.35 11 20.00 20.00 0.00%
Element X Heat Flux results (W/m**2):
Radius Bench FEMAP

Node # Difference
r (m) Value Structural
0.3 566 1050.00 1019.34 2.92%
0.31 455 983.35 987.57 0.43%
0.32 344 922.85 926.90 0.43%
0.33 233 867.47 871.65 0.48%
0.34 122 817.47 821.21 0.45%
0.35 11 771.43 797.11 3.32%
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. TPLV02/89.
Hollow Sphere with Two Materials -
Convection
• htpv04a.neu (linear brick)
• htpv04b.neu (parabolic tetrahedron)
• htpv04c.neu (axisymmetric solid)
This test is a steady–state heat transfer analysis of a 3D sphere with two materials and convec-
tion. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV04/89 from “Guide de val-
idation des progiciels de calcul de structures.”
Units
SI
Material Properties
• Material 1:
W
λ 1 = 40.0 ----- °C
m
• Material 2:
W
λ 2 = 20.0 ----- °C
m

Three tests:

• Test 1 - 888 nodes, 700 solid (brick and wedge) elements
• Test 2 - 3818 nodes, 2192 solid parabolic tetrahedron elements
• Test 3 - 23 nodes, 4 axisymmetric solid parabolic quadrilateral elements
The test is executed on 1/8 of a mapped meshed sphere.

Boundary Conditions
W
hi = 150.0 ------2- °C
m
Ti = 70°C
W
he = 200.0 ------2- °C
m
Te = ( – 9° )C
Solution Type

Results
FEMAP FEMAP
FEMAP
Bench Structural
Temperature parabolic axisymmetric
Value linear brick
tetrahedron solid
(htpv04a)
(htpv04b) (htpv04c)
Ti (C°) 25.06 N1 25.03 N19 25.06 N2 25.01
Tm (C°) 17.84 N556 17.84 N9 17.84 N6 17.75
Te (C°) 13.16 N778 13.18 N5 13.15 N5 13.17
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. TPLV04/89.
Thermo-mechanical Test - Linear
Statics Analysis
The stationary thermal-mechanical test cases for linear statics analysis from the Societe
Francaise des Mecaniciens include:
• "Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe"
Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe
The complete model and results for this test case are in file hsla01.neu.
This test is a thermo–mechanical linear statics analysis of a thin pipe with thermal gradient
and plane strain. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test HSLA01/89 from
Units
SI
Material Properties
11
E = 1x· 10 Pa
ν = 0.3
–5
10
Coefficient of expansion: α = 1x -----------
C°

• 500 axisymmetric (linear quadrilateral solid) elements
• 561 nodes

Boundary Conditions
Constraints
• Constrain nodes 1-11 in the X and Z translations.
Nodal Temperature
• Radial temperature
( 1 – ( r – Ri ) )
T = Ti ⋅ -------------------------------- with Ti=100°C
( Re – Ri )
Solution Type
Statics

Results
Bench FEMAP
Point Stress Difference
Value Structural
r = Ri 0 -0.85E6
σ r ( Pa )
-74.07E6 -74.20E6 0.18%

σ θ ( Pa )
r=(Re+Ri)/2 -3.95E6 -3.89E6 1.52%

σ r ( Pa )
1.306E6 1.40E6 1.22%

σ θ ( Pa )
r=Re 0 -0.65E6
σ r ( Pa )
68.78E6 68.53E6 0.36%

σ θ ( Pa )
Post Processing
Value
Definition
= the axisymmetric C1 radial stress at node 265

σr
= the axisymmetric C4 Azimuth stress at node 265

σθ
=the axisymmetric C1 radial stress at node 270

σr
=the axisymmetric C1 Azimuth stress at node 270

σθ
= the axisymmetric C1 radial stress at node 275

σr

Value
Definition
= the axisymmetric C2 Azimuth stress at node 275

σθ
Reference
structures, (Paris, Afnor Technique,1990.) Test No. HSLA01/89.

Index Clamped thick rhombic plate 136

Clamped thin rhombic plate 121
Clamped-free thin shell 320
A Compressor 320
Annular membrane 152 Convection 334, 340, 344, 353, 356
Annular plate 117, 140, 171, 182 Curved beam elements 196
Anti-symmetric modes 108 Curved pipe 196
Articulated plane truss 203 Cylindrical rod 337
Articulated rod truss 201 Cylindrical shell 39, 42, 221
Articulated supports 192 D
Axial distributed load 6 Deep simply-supported beam 95
Axial loading 291 Deep simply-supported solid beam 174
Axisymmetric solid elements 165, 168, Displacement 15
255, 268, 331, 334, 337, 340 Distorted mesh 124
Axisymmetric vibration 165, 171 Distributed loads 9, 18
B E
Bar elements 76, 78, 83, 92, 95, 98, 101, Elastic foundation 206
192, 194, 196, 199, 203, 206, 288, 291, Elliptic membrane 34
297, 300, 303, 307, 323, 326 F
Beam 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 95, 101, 174, Fixed temperatures 331, 347, 353
186, 192, 194, 206, 288, 294, 307 Flux density 337
Beam elements 294, 347 Free annular membrane 152
Bending 27, 196, 199, 274, 323 Free cylinder 165
Bending load 210 G
C Gravity loading 232
Cantilever 92 H
Cantilever beam 4, 9, 12, 76, 101, 294, Heated beam 15
307 Hemisphere point loads 44
Cantilever mass 78 Hollow cylinder 331, 334, 340
Cantilevered plate 105 Hollow sphere 353, 356
Cantilevered solid beam 186 Hovgaard’s Problem 326
Cantilevered square membrane 144 hsla01.neu 361
Cantilevered tapered membrane 148 htpl01.neu 347
Cantilevered thin square plate 124, 156, htpl03.neu 344
161 htpla01.neu 331
Circular hole 212 htpla03.neu 334
Circular plate 215 htpla05.neu 337
Circular ring 98 htpla08.neu 340
Clamped beams 194 htpp01a.neu 350

htpp01b.neu 350 le501.neu 47

htpv02.neu 353 le502.neu 47
htpv04a.neu 356 le601.neu 49
htpv04b.neu 356 le602.neu 49
htpv04c.neu 356 Linear beam 6, 18
Hydrostatic pressure 229 Linear Statics 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24,
I 27, 30, 34, 39, 42, 44, 49, 53, 58, 192,
Infinite plate 212 194, 196, 199, 201, 203, 210, 212, 215,
In-plane vibrations 83, 98 218, 221, 225, 229, 232, 236, 239, 242,
Internal pressure 221, 261, 268 247, 251, 261, 268, 274, 361
K L-Plate 350
Kirchhoff formulation 251 Lumped mass 285, 307
L M
le1001.neu 53 Mass elements 65, 68, 71, 78, 285, 307
le1002.neu 53 Membrane 21
le1003.neu 53 Membrane loads 21
le101.neu 34 Mindlin formulation 251
le102.neu 34 Moment load 12
le103.neu 34 mstv1001.neu 4
le1101a.neu 58 mstv1002.neu 6
le1101b.neu 58 mstv1003.neu 9
le1105b.neu 58 mstvn002.neu 65
le1106a.neu 58 mstvn003.neu 68
le1106b.neu 58 mstvn004.neu 71
le201a.neu 39, 42 mstvn005.neu 73
le201b.neu 39, 42 mstvn006.neu 76
le202a.neu 39, 42 mstvn007.neu 78
le202b.neu 39, 42 N
le301.neu 44 Natural frequency 78
le302.neu 44 ne014ll.neu 117
le303.neu 44 nf001ac.neu 83
le304.neu 44 nf002ac.neu 86

nf003ac.neu 89 nf023lc.neu 140

nf004a.neu 92 nf023ll.neu 140
nf005ac.neu 95 nf023pc.neu 140
nf006ac.neu 98 nf023pl.neu 140
nf011alc.neu 105 nf031ll.neu 144
nf011all.neu 105 nf031llc.neu 144
nf011apc.neu 105 nf031pc.neu 144
nf011apl.neu 105 nf031pl.neu 144
nf011blc.neu 108 nf032lc.neu 148
nf011bll.neu 108 nf032ll.neu 148
nf011bpc.neu 108 nf032pc.neu 148
nf011bpl.neu 108 nf032pl.neu 148
nf0121c.neu 111 nf033lc.neu 152
nf012ll.neu 111 nf033ll.neu 152
nf012pc.neu 111 nf033pc.neu 152
nf012pl.neu 111 nf033pl.neu 152
nf013lc.neu 114 nf041lc.neu 165
nf013ll.neu 114 nf041ll.neu 165
nf013pc.neu 114 nf041pc.neu 165
nf013pl.neu 114 nf041pl.neu 165
nf014lc.neu 117 nf042lc.neu 168
nf014pc.neu 117 nf042ll.neu 168
nf014pl.neu 117 nf042pc.neu 168
nf015lc.neu 121 nf042pl.neu 168
nf015ll.neu 121 nf043lc.neu 171
nf021alc.neu 129 nf043pl.neu 171
nf021all.neu 129 nf051lc.neu 174
nf021apc.neu 129 nf051ll.neu 174
nf021apl.neu 129 nf051pc.neu 174
nf021blc.neu 133 nf051pl.neu 174
nf021bll.neu 133 nf052lc.neu 178
nf021bpc.neu 133 nf052ll.neu 178
nf021bpl.neu 133 nf052pc.neu 178
nf0221c.neu 136 nf052pl.neu 178
nf022ll.neu 136 nf053lc.neu 182

nf053pl.neu 182 140, 148, 152, 156, 161, 210, 212, 215,
nf071a.neu 101 218, 221, 225, 229, 232, 236, 239, 242,
nf071b.neu 101 247, 251, 279, 311, 314, 317, 320, 328,
nf071c.neu 101 344, 350
nf072ac.neu 186 plate elements 144
nf072al.neu 186 Pressure 53, 221, 229, 268
nf072bc.neu 186 Prismatic rod 274
nf072bl.neu 186 Pure bending 27, 274
nf073ac.neu 156 Pure tension 24, 255
nf073al.neu 156 R
nf073bc.neu 156 Rectangular plates 328
nf073bl.neu 156 Rhombic plate 121, 136
nf073cc.neu 156 Rhomboid plate 247
nf073cl.neu 156 Rigid elements 65, 194
nf073dc.neu 156 Rod elements 201
nf073dl.neu 156 S
nf074c.neu 161 sdld02.neu 285
nf074l.neu 161 sdll014a.neu 303
Nodal loads 4, 201 sdll014b.neu 303
Normal Modes/Eigenvalue 65, 68, 71, sdll014c.neu 303
76, 78, 83, 92, 95, 98, 101, 105, 108, sdll01a.neu 288
114, 117, 121, 124, 129, 133, 136, 140, sdll01b.neu 288
144, 148, 152, 156, 161, 165, 168, 171, sdll05a.neu 291
174, 178, 182, 186, 285, 291, 294, 297, sdll05b.neu 291
300, 303, 307, 311, 314, 317, 320, 323, sdll09a.neu 294
326, 328 sdll11.neu 297
O sdll12.neu 300
Off-center point masses 92 sdll15a.neu 307
Out-of-plane vibration 98 sdll15b.neu 307
P sdls01a.neu 311
Patch test 39, 42 sdls01b.neu 311
Pinched cylindrical shell 236 sdls03.neu 314
Pin-ended cross 83 sdls04.neu 317
Pipes 326 sdls05a.neu 320
Plane bending 199, 210 sdls05b.neu 320
Plane strain elements 34 sdlx01.neu 323
Plane truss 203 sdlx02.neu 326
Plate elements 34, 39, 42, 44, 49, 105, sdlx03.neu 328
108, 114, 117, 121, 124, 129, 133, 136, Shear loading 251

Short beam 192, 288 ssls07a.neu 225

Simply-supported annular plate 117, 171 ssls07b.neu 225
Simply-supported rectangular plate 242, ssls08.neu 229
314 ssls09.neu 232
Simply-supported rhomboid plate 247 ssls20a.neu 236
Simply-supported solid annular plate ssls20b.neu 236
182 ssls21a.neu 239
Simply-supported solid square plate 178 ssls21b.neu 239
Simply-supported thick annular plate ssls21c.neu 239
140 ssls24a.neu 242
Simply-supported thick square plate 133 ssls24b.neu 242
Simply-supported thin square plate 114 ssls24c.neu 242
Single DOF 65 ssls25a.neu 247
Skew plate normal pressure 49 ssls25b.neu 247
Solid cylinder 58, 255 ssls27a.neu 251
Solid elements 53, 58, 174, 178, 182, ssls27b.neu 251
186, 255, 268, 274, 279, 353, 356, 361 ssls27c.neu 251
Solid sphere 58 sslv01a.neu 255
Solid square plate 178 sslv01b.neu 255
Solid taper 58 sslv01c.neu 255
Spherical shell 239 sslv01d.neu 255
Spring elements 65, 68, 71, 206, 285 sslv03a.neu 261
Square tube 218 sslv03b.neu 261
ssll02.neu 192 sslv03c.neu 261
ssll05.neu 194 sslv03d.neu 261
ssll07a.neu 196 sslv04a.neu 268
ssll07b.neu 196 sslv04b.neu 268
ssll11.neu 201 sslv04d.neu 268
ssll14a.neu 203 sslv08a.neu 274
ssll14b.neu 203 sslv08b.neu 274
sslp01.neu 210 sslv08d.neu 274
sslp02.neu 212 sslv09a10.neu 279
ssls03a.neu 215 sslv09a100.neu 279
ssls03b.neu 215 sslv09a20.neu 279
ssls05.neu 218 sslv09a50.neu 279
ssls06a.neu 221 sslv09a75.neu 279
ssls06b.neu 221 sslv09b10.neu 279

sslv09b100.neu 279 Two DOF 68

sslv09b20.neu 279 U
sslv09b50.neu 279 Undamped free vibration 65, 68
sslv09b75.neu 279 Undamped free vibrations 76
Steady-State Heat Transfer 331, 334, Uniform axial load 225
337, 340, 344, 347, 350, 353, 356 Uniform radial vibration 168
Strain energy 30 Uniformly distributed load 215, 242,
Stress 15 247
Symmetric modes 105 V
Symmetric truss 323 Vibrations 65, 68, 76, 83, 98, 165, 168,
T 171, 303
Tapered beam elements 294 W
Tapered membrane 148 Wall 344, 347
Temperatures 58, 331, 347, 353
Tension 24
Thermal gradient 361
Thermal strain 15
Thick annular plate 140
Thick hollow sphere 168
Thick plate 279
Thick plate pressure 53
Thick square plate 129, 133
Thick-walled infinite cylinder 268
Thick-walled spherical container 261
Thin arc 199
Thin circular ring 297, 300
Thin pipe 361
Thin pipe elbow 303
Thin ring plate 317
Thin shell 320
Thin shell beam wall 27
Thin square cantilevered plate 105, 108
Thin square plate 124, 156, 161, 311
Thin wall cylinder 24, 225, 229, 232
Three DOF 71
Torque loading 218
Torsional system 71
Transverse bending 196
Truss 30

Femap Structural - Verification Guide

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Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Normal Modes/Eigenvalue Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Normal Modes/Eigenvalue Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Bench-

Cantilever with Off-Center Point Masses ................................................................. 92

Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mechaniciens

Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder ........................................................225

Understanding the Test Case Format

Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

Beam End A1 Z Shear

Bench Value 5333.3 0.91022

FEMAP Structural 5333.3 0.913

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

• 30 bar elements along the X axis, each 10 inches long.

Beam End A1 T1 Constraint

Bench value 1111.1 0.0111111 -10,000

FEMAP Structural 1111.1 0.0109258 -10,000

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

• 8 successive bar elements along the X axis

Beam End A1Z Bend Total Constraint

* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

• 8 successive bar elements along the X axis.

Beam End A1 Z Bend Total Constraint

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

• 10 bar elements on the X axis.

Case: One Fixed End

Total Translation (Node 11)

Case: Both Ends Fixed

Total Constraint Beam End A1 Axial

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling

• 4 successive bar elements that are each 10 feet long

Beam End A1 Z Bend Stress

Test Case Data and Information

Finite Element Modeling

T1 Translation (in) T3 Translation (in)

Test Case Data and Information

Finite Element Modeling

Top Y Normal Stress

Test Case Data and Information

Finite Element Modeling

• 6 linear quadrilateral plate elements

Plate Bottom Major

Test Case Data and Information

Cross Sectional Properties

Finite Element Modeling