Copar in Progress 2

“When I think about all the patients and their loved ones that I
have worked with over the years, I know most of them don't
remember me nor I them. But I do know that I gave a little
piece of myself to each of them and they to me and those
threads make up the beautiful tapestry in my mind. That is my
career in nursing.”
~Donna Wilk Cardillo,

A Daybook for Beginning Nurses
St. James College of Quezon City
736 Tandang Sora Ave. cor. Mindanao Ave., Quezon City
College of Nursing
A COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT
A PROFILE OF BARANGAY 164, ZONE 14,
DISTRICT 1, GSIS VILLAGE, TALIPAPA,
CALOOCAN CITY
Prepared by:
Leader: Lea A. Mari
Assisstant Leader: Allain Daniel M. Tayag
Members:
Royvi L. Abad
Jillveth M. Arce
Marc M. Chua
Sarah S. Hamza
Rene S. Mari
Glenbert A. Morados
Arlene M. Quebral
Zevier V. Santos
Submitted to:
Mrs. Arlene M. Pacheco, R.N., M.A.N.
STUDENT’S PRAYER
Thank you Lord, for helping me through

The hours of study and training I'll do.
Give me a keen mind and healthy body, too,
So a nurse's career I can pursue.
Thank you for placing in my heart

Compassion for other to impart.
May my hand be instruments of love
As I seek your wisdom from above.
Guard my thoughts and my tongue,

So words of encouragement are sung.
Give me strength wherever you lead
As I lean on you for my every need.
May nursing never be just a job that I do,

So lives I touch will be a ministry from you.
Help me submit to the Great Physician's commands,
As I remember life and death are in your hands.
And through it all, may I learn and grow,

For these lessons of life I need to know.
Lord help me be persevering too,
And give me courage as only you can do.
Lord, please keep me from all harm

For I know I'm safe in your sheltering arm.
And Lord how I pray you and others will see,
The kind of nurse you'd have me to be.
January 13, 2011
Mrs. Elizabeth Maliwat,
Barangay Chairman
Talipapa, Caloocan City
Dear Ma’am,
The Bachelor of Science in Nursing Fourth year students of St. James College of Quezon
City. Who conducted survey last November 8-10, 2010 would like to present to you the
outcome of their activities.
The following were the community problems identified in Barangay 164 Talipapa,
Caloocan City
1) Fire hazard
2) Inadequate environmental sanitation
3) Presence of health hazard
Specific Health Problems identified:

1) Dengue
2) Cough and colds
3) Tuberculosis
With these identified problems, we came up with fire hazard as our top priority.
This problem is not an easy problem to answer by this time, because of the
inadequate knowledge of the community on how to prevent this problem. We believe
as nurses or health providers that we need to educate and raise Barangay 164
Talipapa’s awareness on matters affecting health and life, emergency measures on
health hazards, and waste management.
Our focus of action will be on the first 4 community problems and on the first 3
health illness problems. However, the time frame of the community practice is too
limited that we cannot facilitate the progress of our program. To this, we will
perform everyday blood pressure taking up to December 6, 2010 and education
about all of the existing problems as we can. With this action, knowing we cannot
assure continuity and stability of the progress, we humbly suggest and recommend
to your good office that the program started by the group will be adopted by the
Barangay and the next Nursing students of St. James College of Quezon City.
We will be glad for the action of your office with this regard.
Thank you and God bless!
Truly yours,
ARLENE M. PACHECO
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
ST. JAMES COLLEGE OF NURSING
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is in this light that the authors of this book, the BSN-IV of St. James
College Quezon City, would like to express their sincere appreciation to the
following people who helped and supported us throughout our project.
To our Almighty Father, who gave the light in our minds and thoughts,
provided the wisdom and the entire medium for the success of this research.
To Mrs. Elizabeth Maliwat, Barangay Chairwoman, who welcomed and

allowed us to distribute survey forms and conduct community survey in
Barangay 164, GSIS Village, Caloocan City.
To Genelle Pablico, Barangay Secretary, for accepting and

accommodating us in the area, for directing and guiding us and also for
providing us vital information pertaining to the subject area.
To the 100 family respondents for being so cooperative and honest in

giving data the group needed.
To Mrs. Nelia D. Ayson, Dean College of Nursing.
We wish to thank our parents for their undivided support and interest
who inspired us and encouraged us to go our own way, without whom, we
would be unable to complete our project.
To our Community instructor, MRS. ARLENE M. PACHECO, for

teaching and guiding us in the application of our learned knowledge on
Community Health Development and COPAR process. For her continuous
support of the project, from initial advice and contacts in the early stages of
conceptual inception and through ongoing advice and encouragement to this
day.
Once again, thank you very much and God bless you! 
ABSTRACT
Assessment of the community was conducted to acquire general

information and also to see how far the student nurses would be able to
perform in the development and implementation of Community Health
nursing interventions and strategies. We had chosen Barangay Talipapa 164,
Zone 14, District 1, Caloocan City as the subject place of the Community Field
Practice due to its easy accessibility, status of the area, and as well as it was
the appropriate area for Community Development study.
The questions used for the research were taken from the Community
Health Nursing book. The questionnaires were then distributed and explained
to the family members.
This Community Field Practice was aimed to enhance the skills of the
students and to give knowledge to them in terms of the COPAR process. At
the same time, through this field practice, the community constituents and its
leaders would be able to address community problems. In addition, the
community would be able to empower themselves so they may uplift their
statuses in life.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION----------------------------------------------------------------------
----- 1-2
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK------------------------------------------------------- 3-4
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK------------------------------------------------------ 5-12
VOCABULARY-------------------------------------------------------------------------
---- 13-15
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY-------------------------------------------------- 16
CHAPTER I – IDENTIFYING KEY COMMUNITY OFFICIALS

1 - Barangay Health Officials---------------------------------------------
18
Mission and Vision---------------------------------------------------------
2 - Municipal Officials--------------------------------------------------------
3 - G.S.I.S Hills Homeowners’ Subdivision Officials---------- 19
4 - Talipapa Health Center Staff----------------------------------------

20
Mission and Vision--------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER II – COMMUNITY ASSESSTMENT

1 - Community Spot Map----------------------------------------------------
2 - Community Profile--------------------------------------------------------
22-23
CHAPTER III – SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
RESEARCH
DESIGN-------------------------------------------------------------------
POPULATION
PROFILE-------------------------------------------------------------- 24
Facts and Figures of Barangay Talipapa 164,

Zone 14, District 1, Caloocan City
TABLE 1. Family Structures----------------------------------- 26

2. Age Distribution of Family---------------------- 27
3. Head of the Family---------------------------------- 28
4. Types of Family Structure---------------------- 29
5. Origin of the Family------------------------------- 30

6. Occupational Status of the
Head of the Family------------------------------ 31
7. Types of Occupations----------------------------- 32
8. Monthly Income of Families------------------- 33
9. Daily Expenditures of the Family----------- 34
10. Type of Housing------------------------------------ 35
11. Ventilation-------------------------------------------- 36
12. Lighting------------------------------------------------ 37
13. Surroundings---------------------------------------- 38
14. Water Supply---------------------------------------- 39
15. Storage of Drinking Water------------------- 40
16. Toilet Facilities------------------------------------ 41
17. Garbage Disposal--------------------------------- 42
18. Type of Drainage System--------------------- 43
19. Food Storage---------------------------------------- 44
20. Presence of Animals --------------------------- 45
21. Community Resources------------------------- 46
22. Indigenous Health Worker------------------- 47
23. Food Preference----------------------------------- 48
24. Utilization of Health Centers---------------- 49
25. Reason for Utilization---------------------------
50
26. 1st Person Consulted

in Times of Illness-------------------------------- 51
27. Interventions done
in times of Illness--------------------------------- 52
28. Family Planning------------------------------------- 53
29. Method of Infant Feeding---------------------- 54
30. Subjects that they want to learn in
Health Education----------------------------------- 55
31. Awareness of Existing
Organizations----------------------------------------- 56
32. Membership in Organization------------------ 57
33. Awareness of Projects & Activities------ 58
34. Involvement in Projects
& Activities-------------------------------------------- 59
35. Adequacy of Living Space--------------------- 60
36. Have You Had Adequate…? ------------------ 61
37. Blood Pressure--------------------------------------- 62
CHAPTER IV – COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE PLANNING-----------
1. Identify Community Problems
2. List of Community Problems according to priority
3. Preparing of Community Health Action Plan
4. Working – out details of the plan together with

the Community Action Group
CHAPTER V – EVALUATION--------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER VI – HEALTH TEACHINGS AND LEARNINGS
1. Daily Diaries--------------------------------------------
64-65
2. Learning Insights------------------------------------- 66
3. Health teachings---------------------------------------
67-90
CHAPTER VII – APPENDICES------------------------------------------------------

1. Pictures-------------------------------------------------
2. Letters---------------------------------------------------
3. Questionnaires--------------------------------------
4. Bibliography------------------------------------------
5. Curriculum Vitae of
BSN CLASS 2010-----------------------------------
INTRODUCTION
The concept of society would have not been into terms if not for the
realization that individuals formed the family and from groups of family formed
the community. Community, therefore, is defined as a group of people having
common characteristics, goals, and shared interest living together within a
geographical boundary, has a population and environmental resources.
Community is somehow divided into different sectors, like political sector in

which they are considered as the leaders of the community. Another sector is the
cultural sector, they are the ones responsible for the cultural profile of their
community, environmental sector are for the restoration of our forest, and most
importantly the health sector which are composed of doctors and mostly nurses,
they are the ones who can give so much contribution to reduce the mortality and
morbidity rates. The health sector in the community that intervenes for the
improvement of the health of the community is known as the Community Health
Nursing.
Community Health Nursing is defined by different personalities in the field

of Medicine. According to the WHO, CHN is “a special field of Nursing that
combines skills of Public Health and some phases of social assistance and function
as a part of the total health program.” This includes the promotion of health,
improvement in the conditions of social and physical environment, rehabilitation of
illness and disabilities. Therefore it is the public nurse that assesses the community
health needs and problems and must intervene something for the improvement of
the health condition of the community people.
It is a big task for a nurse because it takes for a long period of time for the
preparations and planning of their intervention, the equipments to be used, the
budget available, the resources available and the most important of all, the
participation of the community people in such activities that the nurses are
planning to perform. At first, we determine our objectives. Then we look for our
study population, we determine the needed data and from there, we start now to
develop our strategy. By this time, we can now have the actual data gathering and
after collating all our data, we try to present it and analyze them. At this point
onwards, based on the data analyzed, we were now able to identify the community
health problems and from there we can now identify which problem in the
community we will prioritize most.
One has to gather so many data and profiles of the community for one to be
able to understand it as a whole, and this is very challenging for every Public
Health Nurse. Community nursing is a field of nursing that blends primary health
care and nursing practice with public health nursing. The community health nurse
conducts a continuing and comprehensive practice that is preventive, curative, and
rehabilitative.
The philosophy of care is based on the belief that care directed to the
individual, the family, and the group contributes to the health care of the
population as a whole. The community health nurse is not restricted to the care of a
particular age or diagnostic group. Participation of all consumers of health care is
encouraged in the development of community activities that contribute to the
promotion of, education about, and maintenance of good health.
The goal of Community Health Nursing is to assist the individual, family and
community in attaining their highest level of holistic health, and to provide and
promote healthy lifestyle choices through education, public awareness and
community activities.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
COPAR (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research) is a social

development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and
voiceless poor into dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community.
PRINCIPLES:
1. People especially the most oppressed, exploited and deprived sectors are open to
change, have the capacity to change and are able to bring about change.
2. COPAR should be based on the interest of the poorest sector of the community.
3. COPAR should lead to a self-reliant community and society.
IMPORTANCE OF COPAR
COPAR is an important tool for community development and people
empowerment as this helps the community workers to generate community
participation in development activities. COPAR prepares people to eventually take
over the management of a development program in the future.
COPAR maximizes community participation and involvement: community
resources are mobilized for health development services.
COPAR Process:
· A progressive cycle of action-reflection action which begins with small, local and
concrete issues identified by the people and the evaluation and the reflection of and
on the action taken by them.
· Consciousness through experimental learning central to the COPAR process

because it places emphasis on learning that emerges from concrete action and
which enriches succeeding action.
· COPAR is participatory and mass-based because it is primarily directed towards

and biased in favor of the poor, the powerless and oppressed.
· COPAR is group-centered and not leader-oriented. Leaders are identified, emerge

and are tested through action rather than appointed or selected by some external
force or entity.
PHASES OF THE COPAR PROCESS
I. Pre-entry phase
The initial phase of the organizing process where the community organizer
looks for communities to serve.
B. Is the phase considered the simplest phase in terms of actual outputs, activities
and strategies and time spent for it?
C. Designing a plan for community development, including all its activities and
strategies for care/development.
D. Designing criteria for the selection of site actually selecting the site for
community care.
II. Entry phase

Sometimes called the social preparation phase as the activities done here
includes the sensitization of the people on the critical events in their life,
motivating them to share their dreams and ideas on how to manage their concerns
and eventually mobilizing them to take collective action on these.
This phase signals the actual entry of the community. It must guided by the
following guidelines however:
A. Recognize the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform them of
Speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those of the community
B. Resident is without disregard of their being role models.
C. Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents adopt a low-key
profile.
III. Organizations building phase

Entails the formation of more formal structures and the inclusion of more
formal procedures of planning, implementing and evaluating community-wide
activities. It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given
trainings (formal, informal, OJT) to develop their skills and in managing their own
concerns programs.
IV. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase

Occur when the community organization has already been established and
the community members are already actively participating in the community
members are already actively participating in community-wide undertakings. At
this point, the different community set-ups in the organization building phase are
already expected to be functioning by way of planning, implementing, and
evaluating their own programs with the overall guidance from the community-wide
organization.
Strategies used may include:

a. Education and training
b. Networking and linkage
c. Conduct of mobilization on health and development concerns
d. Implementing of livelihood projects
e. Developing secondary leaders
V. Phase out
The phase when the healthcare workers leave the community to stand-out.
This phase should be stated during the entry phase so that the people will be ready
for this phase. The organizations built should be ready to sustain the test of the
community itself because the real evaluation will be done by the residents of the
community itself.
1. Leaving the immersion site

2. Documentation
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Nightingale's Environmental Theory

Florence Nightingale, also known as the Lady with the Lamp, providing care to
wounded and ill soldiers during the Crimean War
Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), considered the founder of educated and
scientific nursing and widely known as "The Lady with the Lamp", wrote the first
nursing notes that became the basis of nursing practice and research. The notes,
entitled Notes on Nursing: What it is, What is not (1860), listed some of her
theories that have served as foundations of nursing practice in various settings,
including the succeeding conceptual frameworks and theories in the field of
nursing. Nightingale is considered the first nursing theorist. One of her theories
was the Environmental Theory, which incorporated the restoration of the usual
health status of the nurse's clients into the delivery of health care—it is still
practiced today.
Environmental effects
She stated in her nursing notes that nursing "is an act of utilizing the environment
of the patient to assist him in his recovery" (Nightingale 1860/1969),[3], that it
involves the nurse's initiative to configure environmental settings appropriate for
the gradual restoration of the patient's health, and that external factors associated
with the patient's surroundings affect life or biologic and physiologic processes,
and his development.[4]
Environmental factors affecting health

Provision of care by environment
The factors posed great significance during Nightingale's time, when health
institutions had poor sanitation, and health workers had little education and
training and were frequently incompetent and unreliable in attending to the needs
of the patients. Also emphasized in her environmental theory is the provision of a
quiet or noise-free and warm environment, attending to patient's dietary needs by
assessment, documentation of time of food intake, and evaluating its effects on the
patient.[7]
Nightingale's theory was shown to be applicable during the Crimean War when
she, along with other nurses she had trained, took care of injured soldiers by
attending to their immediate needs, when communicable diseases and rapid spread
of infections were rampant in this early period in the development of disease-
capable medicines. The practice of environment configuration according to
patient's health or disease condition is still applied today, in such cases as patients
infected with Clostridium Tetani (suffering from tetanus), who need minimal noise
to calm them and a quiet environment to prevent seizure-causing stimulus.
Major Concepts and Definitions

Environment - concepts of ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness and noise.
She focus o the physical aspect of environment.
She believed that "Healthy surroundings were necessary for proper nursing care."
5 essential components of healthy environment:

1. pure air
2. pure water
3. efficient drainage
4. cleanliness
5. light
Concerns of Environmental Theory

1. Proper ventilation focus on the architectural aspect of the hospital.
2. Light has quite as real and tangible effects to the body. Her nursing intervention
includes direct exposure to sunlight.
3. Cleanliness and sanitation. She assumes that dirty environment was the source
of infection and rejected the "germ theory". Her nursing interventions focus on
proper handling and disposal of bodily secretions and sewage, frequent bathing for
patients and nurses, clean clothing and handwashing.
4. Warmth, quiet and diet environment. She introduce the manipulation of the
environment for patient's adaptation such as fire, opening the windows and
repositioning the room seasonally, etc.
5. Unnecessary noise is not healthy for recuperating patients.
6. Dietary intake.
7. Petty management proposed the avoidance of psychological harm, no upsetting
news. Strictly war issues and concerns should not be discussed inside the hospital.
She includes the use of small pets of psychological therapy.
Nursing Metaparadigm
Nursing
Nursing is very essential for everybody's well-being. Notes on nursing focus on the
implementation and rendering efficient and effective nursing care.
Person
The patient is the focus of the environmental theory. The nurse should perform the
task for the patient and control environment for easy recovery. She practice nurse-
patient passive relationship.
Health
Health is the being well and using every power that the person has to the fullest
extent. A healthy body can recuperate and undergo reparative process.
Environmental control uplifts maintenance of health.
Environment
People would benefit form the environment.
Theoretical Assertions
Prevention of interruption is very vital in the reparative process of the patient. Her
focus is on nursing education that required even more training.
Nursing Practice is the application of common sense, observation, perseverance

and ingenuity.
"If the person wants to recuperate, he needs to cooperate with the nurse."
Disease came from the organic materials from the patient and environment not on
the germ theory. She totally disagree and rejected the germ theory.
Sanitation means the manipulation of the environment to prevent diseases.
Nursing is the commitment to the nursing works.
She gives a little focus on the interpersonal relationship and nurse caring behavior.
She believed that the nurse should be moral agents. "Think and act like a nurse."
Professional relationships, principles of confidentiality and care for the poor to

improve health and social condition were the focus of her nursing care.
Logical Form
She used inductive reasoning from her experiences and observation with is address
with logical thinking and philosophy.
Importance of Environmental Theory
Practice
1. Disease control
2. Sanitation and water treatment
3. Utilized by modern architecture in the prevention of "sick building syndrome"
applying the principles of ventilation and good lighting.
4. Waste disposal
5. Control of room temperature.
6. Noise management.
Education
1. Principles of nursing training. Better practice result from better education.
2. Skills measurement through licensing by the use of testing methods, the case
studies.
Research
1. Use of graphical representations like the polar diagrams.
2. Notes on nursing.
Evaluation of the Environmental Theory

Hardy evaluated the environmental theory as a grand theory because it explains the
totality of the behavior. It is classified as lower-level theory but it provided the
greates foundation of nursing education, practice and theories.
The Analysis
Simplicity: The theory is simply explained as the nurse, patient and environment
interacts with each other. There are dangers in the environment and benefits from
the good environment. The roles of environmental management to patient recovery
is greatly emphasized. Manipulating the environment to prevent diseases. Nurse-
patient relationship focus on cooperation and collaboration. Her care focus on
eating patterns and food preferences of the patients, provision of comfort,
protection from emotional distress and conservation of energy.
Generality: The universality of the concepts provide general guidelines and is still
applicable and relevant today.
Empirical Precision: The theory is stated completely and presented facts. She uses
quantitative research method. She focus on observation and experiences rather than
systematic empirical research.
Derivable Consequences: Measures of independence and accuracy of care. Nurse-

patient relationship towards wellness, environmental manipulation and
psychological care.
IMOGENE KING
Introduction
• Imogene King was born in 1923.
• Completed her Bachelor in science of nursing from St. Louis University in
1948
• Completed her Master of science in nursing from St. Louis University in
1957
• Completed her Doctorate from Teacher’s college, Columbia University
King’s Conceptual Framework
It includes:
• Several basic assumptions
• Three interacting systems
• Several concepts relevant for each system
Basic assumptions
• Nursing focus is the care of human being
• Nursing goal is the health care of individuals & groups
• Human beings: are open systems interacting constantly with their
environment
• Interacting systems:
o personal system
o Interpersonal system
o Social system
• Concepts are given for each system
Concepts for Interpersonal System
• Interaction
• Communication
• Transaction
• Role
• Stress
King’s Theory of Goal Attainment
• Theory of goal attainment was first introduced by Imogene King in the early
1960’s.
• Theory describes a dynamic, interpersonal relationship in which a person
grows and develops to attain certain life goals.
• Factors which affect the attainment of goal are: roles, stress, space & time.
Major concepts of king’s theory
1. Human being /person: is social being who are rational and sentient. Person has
ability to:
• perceive
• think
• feel
• choose
• set goals
• select means to achieve goals and
• to make decision
According to King, human being has three fundamental needs:
• (a) The need for the health information that is unable at the time when it is
needed and can be used
• (b) The need for care that seek to prevent illness, and
• (c) The need for care when human beings are unable to help themselves.
2. Health
According to King, health involves dynamic life experiences of a human being,
which implies continuous adjustment to stressors in the internal and external
environment through optimum use of one’s resources to achieve maximum
potential for daily living.
3. Environment
Environment is the background for human interactions. It involves:
• (a) Internal environment: transforms energy to enable person to adjust to
continuous external environmental changes.
• (b) External environment: involves formal and informal organizations.
Nurse is a part of the patient’s environment.
4. Nursing
Definition: “A process of action, reaction and interaction by which nurse and client
share information about their perception in nursing situation.” and “a process of
human interactions between nurse and client whereby each perceives the other and
the situation, and through communication, they set goals, explore means, and agree
on means to achieve goals.”
• Action: is defined as a sequence of behaviors involving mental and physical
action.
• Reaction: not specified, but might be considered as included in the sequence
of behaviors described in action.
In addition, king discussed:
(a) goal
(b) domain and
(c) functions of professional nurse
• Goal of nurse: “To help individuals to maintain their health so they can
function in their roles.”
• Domain of nurse: “includes promoting, maintaining, and restoring health,
and caring for the sick, injured and dying.
• Function of professional nurse: “To interpret information in nursing process

to plan, implement and evaluate nursing care.
King said in her theory, “A professional nurse, with special knowledge and
skills, and a client in need of nursing, with knowledge of self and perception
of personal problems, meet as strangers in natural environment. They
interact mutually, identify problems, establish and achieve goals.
THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT AND NURSING PROCESS

Assessment
- King indicates that assessment occur during interaction. The nurse brings
special knowledge and skills whereas client brings knowledge of self and
perception of problem of concern.
- During assessment nurse collects data regarding client.
- Perception is the base for collection and interpretation of data.
Nursing diagnosis
- The data collected by assessment are used to make nursing diagnosis in

nursing process.
Planning
- If the goal attainment planning is represented by setting goals and making

decisions about and being agreed on the means to achieve goal.
Implementation
- In nursing process implementation involves the actual activities to achieve

the goals.
Evaluation
- In king description evaluation speak about attainment of goal and

effectiveness of nursing care.
VOCABULARY
1. ANALYSIS - is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into

smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it.
2. BARANGAY - is known by its former Spanish adopted name, the barrio, is the
smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino
term for a village, district or ward.
3. COMMUNITY - is a group of interacting organisms sharing a

populated environment. In human communities, intent, belief, resources,
preferences , needs, risks, and a number of other conditions may be present and
common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of
cohesiveness.
4. COMMUNITY HEALTH - is a unique blend of nursing and public health

practice into a human service that properly developed and applied impact on
human well being.
5. COMMUNITY STUDY - is a systematic and scientific process of collecting,

collating, synthesizing and analyzing data.
6. COPAR - (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research) is a social

development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and
voiceless poor into dynamic.
7. DATA - refers to qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of

variables.
8. DIAGNOSIS - a statement and conclusion concerning the nature of some

phenomenon.
9. ENVIRONMENT - the surroundings of a physical system that may interact

with the system by exchanging mass, energy, or other properties.
10. FAMILY - is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, or co-

residence. In most societies it is the principal institution for the socialization of
children.
11. FAMILY PLANNING – regulating the number and spacing of children.
12. HEALTH - is the general condition of a person in all aspects. It is also a level
of functional and/or metabolic efficiency of an organism, often
implicitly human.
13. HEALTH EDUCATION - used to encourage people to adopt lifestyle that the
educators believe will improve health.
14. HOUSEHOLD - an aggregate of person generally but not necessary bound

who live together under the same roof or share in common the household food
members.
15. ILLNESS - poor health resulting from disease of body or mind; sickness.
16. INTERPRETATION - is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a

language. Many formal languages used in mathematics, logic, and
theoretical are defined in solely syntactic terms, and as such do not have any
meaning until they are given some interpretation.
17. LEADERSHIP - has been described as the “process of social influence in

which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment
of a common task.
18. MORBIDITY - is an incidence of ill health. It is measured in various ways,

often by the probability that a randomly selected individual in a population at
some date and location would become seriously ill in some period of time.
19. MORTALITY - is the condition of being mortal, or susceptible to death
20. NURSE - is a healthcare professional who, in collaboration with other members

of a health care team, is responsible for: treatment, safety, and recovery
of acutely or chronically ill individuals; health promotion and maintenance
within families, communities and populations; and, treatment of life-threatening
emergencies in a wide range of health care.
21. NURSING PROBLEM - a situation or condition which interferes with the

promotion and maintenance of health and recovery.
22. ORGANIZATION - is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals,

controls its own performance, and has a boundary separating it from its
environment.
23. PERSON - is most broadly defined as any individual self-

aware or rational being, or any entity having rights and duties; or often more
narrowly defined as an individual human being in particular.
24. PERMANENT LENGTH OF RESIDENCY - continues stay in the same

address for more than 6 months.
25. PLANNING - in organizations and public policy is both the organizational

process of creating and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process
of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale
26. POPULATION - is all the organisms that both belong to the same species and
live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define the population
is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more
probable than cross-breeding with individuals from other areas.
27. PROBLEM - a deviations or an imbalance of what should be and what is

actually happening.
28. PUBLIC HEALTH - is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging
life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of
society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals.
29. RATE - a value describing one quantity in terms of another quantity. A

common type of rate is a quantity expressed in terms of time, such as percent
change per year.
30. SANITATION - measure for the promotion of health.
31. RECOMMENDATION - to commend of introduce as acceptance appointment

or choice to make acceptable.
32. RESIDENCE - the act of living in the place required by regulation of

performance of function.
33. TERRITORY - the whole or a portion of the land belonging to a state part of
consideration.
34. THEORETICAL - concreting or based on theory rather than practice.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study will be of great significance and help to the
residents of Barangay 164 Zone 14 GSIS Village, Talipapa, Caloocan City because
all the information and data that we gathered in this study will help establish the
baseline of the health status of the Barangay. The information derived from the
community diagnosis was gathered in survey forms. All the relevant data gathered
and information about the interacting elements existing in their community can
either directly or indirectly affect their health.
This study will elevate the residents’ awareness to their current health
conditions and ultimately further enhance their knowledge about health and for
them to adopt necessary adjustment in solving and coping up with their health
problem and for their attainment of a generally desirable health and well being as a
community.
This study will also serve as a significant source of information for all other
communities similarly situated as Barangay 164 Zone 14 GSIS Talipapa Caloocan
City. The present and future Barangay official and health workers will greatly
benefit from the findings of the study regarding the health status health, related
problem and health resources of the community in order that they too can
effectively address similar problem in their own respective communities.
As a basis they would be able to determine what problem programs and

campaigns that are essential in achieving a healthy community that will also lead to
the development not only to the Barangay itself but also to contribute
establishment of healthy community all over the nation.
CHAPTER I
COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT
AND OFFICIALS
MAYOR:
HON.RECOM
ECHIVERRE
-MAYOR
COUNSELOR
COUNSELOR HON NORA NUBLA
VICE MAYOR: COUNSELOR
HON. ALONG
HON.EDGAR ERICE HON. DANTE PRADO
MALAPITAN
CONGRESSMAN
COUNSELOR COUNSELOR HON OSCAR
COUNSELOR MALAPITAN
HON. ANDY HON. SUSANA
HON.RAMON TO
MABAGOS PUNZALAN
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
City of Caloocan,
Zone 14, District I, Caloocan City
OFFICE OF THE BARANGAY COUNCIL

Barangay Talipapa 164, Zone 14, District I,
Caloocan City
Premium St., GSIS Village, Quezon City

Tel no: 983-2010
BARANGAY TALIPAPA PROFILE

(As of_year 2009)
Name: Barangay Talipapa

Address: Barangay Talipapa 164, Zone 14,
District I, Caloocan City
Contact No.:
Tel. Fax No.: 983-2010
BARANGAY BOUNDARIES
North: Valenzuela, Bulacan
East: Quezon City
West: Baesa, Sta. Quiteria
South: Sta. Quiteria
CREATION
Date Created:
Manner of Creation: Local Government Code
Land Area: 64.91 hectares
Barangay Total Population: 25,000(as of 2007)
Total Number of Household: 3,590
Number of Registered Voters: 6,700

Number of Voting Center:
Number of Precincts: 37
Number of SK Registered Voters: 600 (as of 2008)
Yearly Increase and Population: 4%
Immigration: 5%
Out Migration: 1%
Net Migration: 1%
II. LIST OF SITIO /AREAS WITHIN THE BARANGAY
1. NPC AREA. A
2. NPC AREA. B
3. NPC AREA. C
4. NPC AREA. D
5. ROAD. 5 to ROAD 9
6. JP RAMOY
7. GSIS HILLS
8. INTEVILLE SUBDIVISION
9. ROCKVILLE SUBDIVISION
III. THE BARANGAY
EXISTING FACILITIES IN THE BARANGAY: ( PUBLIC or PRIVATE)
SCHOOLS:
PRE-SCHOOLS: 6 pre –schools

ELEMENTARY: 2
HIGHSCHOOL: 2
TECHNICAL/ VOCATIONAL: none
TERTIARY: none
HEALTH CENTERS/MEDICAL FACILITIES:

HEALTH CENTERS: 1 (besides barangay hall)
LYING-IN: 3
TERTIARY HOSPITALS: None
SPORTS FACILITIES:
OPEN COURT: 3
GYMNASIUM: private owned
COVERED COURT: 1(is located in front of barangay hall)
MULTI PURPOSE: 1
READING CENTERS/LIBRARY: 1
INFORMATION CENTERS (GMAC, specifically): 1
WATER FACILITIES:
DEEP WELL: 1
NAWASA: 3
IV. BARANGAY COUNCIL
BARANGAY CHAIRMAN: HON. ELIZABETH M. MALIWAT
Barangay Kagawad:
HON.Alfredo C. Dela Cruz (Peace and Order)

HON.Virgilio B. Nicolas (Livelihood and Cooperative)
HON.Ramon O. Lunas (Clean and Green and Solid Waste Management)
HON.Mila J. Uy ( Health and Education accounts)
HON.Rodrigo L. Sarmiento ( anti- drug abuse information)
SK Chairman:
RANNIEL M. MONTEMAYOR (Sports committee and youth development)
SK Kagawad:
Patrick Justine D. Soni
Jeffrey B. Jimenez
Dirk Dhanreb R. Perez
Edcel Royce C. Medina
Jerickson S. Bustarde
Menileo G. Mercado III
William M. Segura
Genelle V. Pablico
Barangay Secretary:
Dulce L. Bilang-awa
BARANGAY STAFF:
1. COUNSEULO V. ESTRELLA
2. CRISALYN V.NICOLAS
3. MONALISA BAUTISTA (TREASURER)
4. LOUIS BACANI
5. GENELLE V. PABLICO (BARANGAY SECRETARY)
LUPON GROUPINGS
GROUP 1
SPO2 Celindo Fortajada
Cora Fortez
Jaime Baentiong Gajultos
GROUP 2
Salvador D. Domocmat Jr
Clememcia Prieto
Cesar L. Rivera
GROUP 3
Mercedes L. Bacani
Nora Cortez
Leodegario Penamante
GROUP 4
Gerardo Dante R. Manzanaes
Josefina Dela Cruz Pintado
MASTERLIST OF REGULAR BARANGAY TANOD
Brgy. 164, zone 14, dist .1
Members:
Palmiro L. Pitinis
Crisostomo B. Atayde
Cornelio J. Conception
Dennis S. Mendoza
Leo J. Bagamasbad
Luisito H. Penamente SR.
Robert R. Octa
Pablo H. Uy
Danilo G. Arandia
Jose B. Brazil
Roel D. Cana
Rolando L. Castillano
Juliet H. Curitana
Ferdinand De Chavez
Rolando G. Giray
Nelson Granada
Candido D. Lunas
Jose Morano
Jesus Pinlac
Reynaldo Zababa
LUPON TAGAPAMAYAPA PRESENT OFFICERS
Josefina Dela Cruz Pintado

Gerardo Dante R. Manzanaes
Salvador D. Domocmat Jr
Mercedes L. Bacani
Clememcia Prieto
Celindo P. Fortajada
Cesar L. Rivera
Jaime Baentiong Gajultos
Corazon Q. Fortes
PROJECT IN BARANGAY 164
LIST OF PROJECTS
2008 PROJECT
Day Care Center
ALS
Improvement of Barangay Hall
Clean and Green
2009 PROJECT
Wall Painting
Landscaping of Barangay Hall
Playground of NPC Area A
Cementing of Deleña Compound
2010 PROJECT
Cementing of Cuadra Street

Cementing of Estrella Compound
Drainage of Bayabas Street
ACCOMPLISHMENT REPORT:
• CLEAN AND GREEN- Cleaning of campaign posters brgy.164

Oct 28,2010 –Nov 2010
• December 2, 2010- Declogging of manhole – road 14 corner rd.5
completed.
• Transportation &Communication - wheel balancing / tire replacement – Dec 2,2010
• Dec 2 2010- repair rescue (white)completed Dec8,2010
• Declogging of CR of Brgy. Health center toilet bowl of CR. Dec 20 2010
• Installation of water and air outlet of septic tank Dec20,2010
• Cementing of portion of pathwalk on road 9 corner Kagawad Uy
• Installation of 2 improvised street lights at Barmat area. Dec 23,2010
• Barista class- 14 days Jan6 to 21 Monday to Saturday (9:00am 5:00pm)
Feeding program with STI students at area B

Talipapa Health Center Staff
Physician in Charge:
Dr. Eduardo Marasigan – (Tuesday)
Dra. Ruth Sabtiago (Thursday)
Dentist:
Dra. Imelda Torres
Nurse:
Michelle Timpre
Medtech:
Zenaida Chinjen
Midwife:
Mrs. Anita Padin
Nursing Aide:
Ms. Frannie
Laboratory:
Aide: E. Salonga
Barangay Nutritionist:
Rowena A. Aquino
Sanitary Inspector:
Mrs. Pat Sapitan
Barangay Health Workers
MEMBERS:
Betty Hermogones
Eden Clavacio
Violeta Mendoza
Beth Corpuz
Nene Acuin
Talipapa Barangay Health Center

Program and services
Schedule:
Monday – Friday........................................................... Pre natal

Tuesday – Thursday..................................................... Consultation
Tuesday..........................................................................Bakuna
Wednesday.....................................................................Out reach
Thursday...........................................................................Out reach
Monday – Friday............................................................... Family Planning

Monday – Friday...............................................................Dental
8:00 – 10:00 am
Thursday – Friday .............................................................Sputum Collection
NTP Patient Medicine ......................................................Daily 1:00 pm
GSIS HILLS SUBDIVISION
HOMEOWNERS’ ASSOCIATION INC.
BOARD OF MEMBERS:
Engr. Angel N. Jaurigue
Chairman
Benita O. Baldic
Vice chairman
MEMBERS:
Alicia R. Vargas
Elsa SJ. Palomo
Adoracion C. Rarela
Esperanza G. Perez
Gorgonia H. Tala
Crescencia G. Zabala
Avelino M. Corot Jr.
Jesusita O. Mascarinas
Nida V. David
Delia Bernales
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Alicia R. Vargas
President
Gorgonia H. Tala
Vice President
Elsa SJ. Palamo
Secretary
Julieta A. Ortega
Asst. Secretary
Crescencia G. Zabala
Treasurer
Evangeline T. Baet
Asst. Treasurer
Avelino M. Corot Jr.
Auditor
Gene C. Baldric
Technical Adviser
PRESENT ACTIVITIES:
• Subdivision drainage located at the main entrance

• Hired security guards
• Hired street cleaners
• Membership plate for free

• Construction of perimeter
Enclosing the big water tank of the subdivision owned
TALIPAPA (TODA ASSOCIATION

LIST OF OFFICER
PRESIDENT: ROQUE LAUNIO JR.

VICE PRESIDENT: MARIO MARGALLO
SECRETARY: CESAR BUENA
TREASURER: ROMEL PINEDA
AUDITOR: RAFFY KIPTE
P.R.O.: ROMEO PANDAC
BOARD MEMBERS:
JULIE ALINIO “CHAIRMAN”

NELIO LIMA “VICE CHAIRMAN”
FELIX DALAGAN
RENE ADSUARA
JULIO CLARO
VICTOR GARCIA
AMANDO DE GUZMAN
DEMENTRIO GOZANES
CHAPTER III
PRESENTATION,
INTERPRETATION AND
ANALYSIS OF DATA
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers used the “Descriptive Method” on their study.
Many scientific disciplines, especially social science and psychology, use
this method to obtain a general overview of the subject.
It is also useful where it is not possible to test and measure the large number
of samples needed for more quantitative types of experimentation.
The results from a descriptive research can in no way be used as a definitive
answer or to disprove a hypothesis but, if the limitations are understood, they can
still be a useful tool in many areas of scientific research.
Advantages
The subject is being observed in a completely natural and unchanged natural
environment. A good example of this study would be Barangay Talipapa 164
without affecting their normal behavior in any way. True experiments, whilst
giving analyzable data, often adversely influence the normal behavior of the
subject.
Descriptive research is often used as a pre-cursor to quantitative research
designs, the general overview giving some valuable pointers as to what variables
are worth testing quantitatively. Quantitative experiments are often expensive and
time-consuming so it is often good sense to get an idea of what hypotheses are
worth testing.
Respondents of the study
The researchers chose Brgy. 164, Zone 14, District 1,Caloocan City as the
subject population of the study. Since the most important factor in distributing the
questionnaires is the judgment of the researcher as to who can give the best
information to achieve the objectives of the study. This population is composed of
4,100 families but the researchers randomly chose only a hundred families for this
study.
In this study the researchers made use of questionnaires , interviews and
observations as techniques to gather data needed to meet the problem posted.
The questionnaire-checklist used to gather data was prepared by the
researchers (4th year students)
Part I of the questionnaires is about family data
Part II of the questionnaires is about socioeconomic data
Part III of the questionnaires is about housing and environmental condition
Part IV of the questionnaires is about awareness of community resources
Part V of the questionnaires is about health nutrition
Part VI of the questionnaires is about knowledge, attitude, and practice
Part VII of the questionnaires is about the awareness of community
organization
Part VIII of the questionnaires is about environmental adequacy
The researchers went house to house , interview and give survey questions
to the respondents, Vague answers where clarified by the students.
Keen observation was also used to obtain data that cannot be secured
adequately with the questionnaire.
POPULATION PROFILE
Barangay 164, Zone 14, District-1 Caloocan City has 25,000 families as of 2007, a rough
estimate of 125,000 members. We surveyed 100 families composed of 465 members. This
2007 population is expected to increase in the succeeding years because of birth and
migration to the area.
TABLE 1 FAMILY STRUCTURE
SEX DISTRIBUTION
CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Male 228 49%
Female 237 51%
Total 465 100%
SEX
MALE FEMALE
51%
49%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 465 respondents in the survey, 228 or 49% of 465 of
the total population surveyed were male and the remaining 237 or 51% were female.
Analysis:
Out of 465 respondents, the table shows that there is only little difference in the
number of female and male respondents. There was a balance of roles; females inclined to the
family needs while the males were out to provide for the financial and economic needs of the
family.
TABLE 2 AGE DISTRIBUTION
CATEGORY FEMALE % MALE %

FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
0 – 11 months 1 1% 8 2%
1–4y/o 17 4% 16 3%
5–6y/o 10 2% 24 5%
7 – 14 y / o 32 7% 35 8%
15 – 49 y / o 157 34% 120 26%
50 – 64 y / o 11 2% 13 3%
65 and above 9 2% 12 2%
Total 237 51% 228 49%
AGE DISTRIBUTION
0-11 MOS
34%
1-4 Y/O
26%
5-6 Y/O
7-14 Y/O
7% 8% 15-49 Y/O
4% 5%
0% 2% 2%2% 2%3% 3%2%
50-64 Y/O
FEMALE MALE 65 & ABOVE
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 465 respondents, 237 or 51% were female and 228 or 49% were
male. Of the female survey, 1 or 1% belonged to 0-11 month old bracket, 17 or 4% belonged to 1-4 year old
bracket, 10 or 2% belonged to 5-6 year old bracket, 32 or 7% belonged to 7-14 year old bracket, 157 or 34%
belonged to 15-49 year old bracket, 11 or 2% belonged to 50-64 year old bracket, and 9 or 2% belonged to
the 65 year old and above bracket. Of the male survey, 8 or 2% belonged to 0-11 month old bracket, 16 or
3% belonged to 1-4 year old bracket, 24 or 5% belonged to 5-6 year old bracket, 35 or 8% belonged to 7-14
year old bracket, 120 or 26% belonged to 15-49 year old bracket, 13 or 3% belonged to 50-64 year old
bracket, and 12 or 2% belonged to the 65 year old and above bracket.
Analysis:
Of the respondents surveyed, majority belonged to 15-49 age brackets are normally capable
of being productive and independent in the society. Under the present living of condition, these people,
being impoverished, as we can see they tend to try surviving in this present society.
TABLE 3 HEAD OF THE FAMILY

Single 16 16%
Married 73 73%
Widowed 0 0%
Single Parent 4 4%
Live-in 7 7%
Total 100 100%
HEAD OF THE FAMILY

73%
SINGLE
MARRIED
WIDOWED
SINGLE PARENT
16%
LIVE-IN
4% 7%
0%
Interpretation:
the respondents surveyed were single, 73 or 73% were married, 0 or 0% were widowed, 4 or 4%
were single parents, and the remaining 7 or 7% were live-in.
Analysis:
This shows the dominance of the Filipino culture being conservative, reflecting
that most of them still prefer to be married. Although current trend shows that live-in partners are
in the rise maybe because of their economic status.
TABLE 4 FAMILY STRUCTURE

Nuclear 60 60%
Extended 40 40%
Total 100 100%
FAMILY STRUCTURE
60%
40%
NUCLEAR
EXTENDED
Interpretation:
the respondents surveyed were nuclear in category, 40 or 40% belonged to extended type of
family.
Analysis:
Contrary to the common family type among Filipinos, the survey showed that the nuclear type of
family is more dominant than the extended type of the family. It is probably because of the trending clamor for
independence and privacy of this generation.
TABLE 5 PLACE OF ORIGIN

Luzon 41 41%
Visayas 47 47%
Mindanao 12 12%
Total 100 100%
PLACE OF ORIGIN
47%
41%
LUZON
VISAYAS
12% MINDANAO
Interpretation:
Table 5 shows that out of the 100 family respondents, 41 or 41% of the
respondents surveyed were originally from Luzon, 47 or 47% were from Visayas, and 12 or 12%
were from Mindanao.
Analysis:
Migrations usually happen when less fortunate people or whose economy does not provide enough
livelihood in order to find greener pastures. With the belief of Metro Manila offering better opportunities than in the
province, people will naturally try to come over to Manila.
TABLE 6 OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OF THE HEAD OF

THE FAMILY (15-64 YEARS OLD)
Employed 65 65%
Unemployed 22 22%
Self-Employed 13 13%
Total 100 100%
OCCUPATIONAL STATUS
65%
EMPLOYED
UNEMPLYED
22% SELF-EMPLOYED
13%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of the 100 respondents, 65 or 65% of the respondents
were employed, 22 or 22% were unemployed, and 13 or 13% were self-employed or has their
own business.
Analysis:
This shows that majority of the head of the family really tries hard to survive by either getting jobs
or opening up their own business. It also brings out the positive quality and trait of the Filipinos in terms of their
persistence and hardworking attitude.
TABLE 7 OCCUPATION
OCCUPATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Office Worker 1 1%
Construction Worker 16 25%
Programmer 2 3%
Laborer 4 7%
Driver 22 34%
Factory Worker 9 14%
Businessman 1 1%
Security Guard 9 14%
Deliveryman 1 1%
Total 65 100%
TYPE OF OCCUPATION OFFICE WORKER

CONSTRUCTION WORKER
PROGRAMMER
34%
LABORER
25% DRIVER
FACTORY WORKER
14%14%
BUSINESSMAN
7%
3% SECURITY GUARD
1% 1% 1%
DELIVERYMAN
Interpretation:
The table shows that 2 or 3% were office workers, 16 or 20% were construction
workers, 2 or 3% were programmers, 4 or 5% were laborers, 22 or 28% were drivers, 9 or 12%
were factory workers, 13 or 17% were businessmen, 9 or 11% were security guards and the
remaining 1or 1% was a deliveryman.
Analysis:
Majority of the respondents work as a driver either drives a jeep or a tricycle. This proves that this
type of work is the most convenient for people who did not finish a degree. It does not require cognitive skills and
intellect which maybe the root of all reasons why etiquette and road courtesy in the Philippine road is non-
existence .
TABLE 8 MONTHLY INCOME OF FAMILIES

INCOME FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
More than 5000 41 41%
3000 – 4000 29 29%
2000 – 3000 22 22%
Below 1000 8 8%
Total 100 100%
MONTHLY INCOME
41%
MORE THAN 5000
29% 3000-4000
22%
2000-3000
8% BELOW 1000
Interpretation:
earn more than 5,000 pesos per month, 29 or 29% earns 3,000-4,000 pesos per month, 22 or 22%
earns 2,000 pesos per month, 8 or 8% earns below 1,000 pesos a month.
Analysis:
A big percentage showed that most of the families interviewed were earning more than 5,000 pesos a
month. It could be that the income bracketing of data is outdated since the economy and inflation has already
multiplied in the past 5 years. It is unclear as to what can be read about this data except that it can be stated plainly
that majority earns more than 5,000 pesos a month. The amount can not surpass the daily needs of the family such as
food , education , clothing , and shelter , so poverty in most families in the barangay were rampant .
TABLE 9 DAILY EXPENDITURE
A. FOOD FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Below 20 0 0%
30 – 50 0 0%
More than 50 100 100%
Total 100 100%
FOOD
100%
MORE THAN 50
30-50
BELOW 20
0% 0%
B. CLOTHING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Once a year 46 46%
Twice 40 40%
Thrice 14 14%
Total 100 100%
CLOTHING
46%
40% ONCE A YEAR
TWICE
14% THRICE
Interpretation:
spends more than 50 pesos for food per day. For clothing expenditures, 46 or 46% buy clothes
once a year, 40 or 40% buy clothes twice a year, and 14 or 14% buy clothes three times a year.
Analysis:
Under food expenditures, if 100% of the respondents states that they spend more than 50 pesos per day,
it only means that the prices of food nowadays have spiraled upwards because of inflation. In comparison with
clothing expenditures where majority of the respondents buys clothing only once a year, it demonstrates that people
needs have to be prioritized in accordance to the Maslow’s Hierarchy.
TABLE 10 TYPE OF HOUSING

Concrete 10 10%
Wood 70 70%
Makeshift 0 0%
Mixed 20 20%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 houses, 20 or 20% of the houses are mixed, 10 or 10% are concrete,
70 or 70% are wood, and 0 or 0% is makeshift.
Analysis:
In the Philippines, one of the natural resources here is wood, when wood is cut or pressed into a
lumber or timber such as planks, boards and other material they are used for construction purposes. Wood is the
main requirements in building houses especially here in the Philippines. Wood is very flexible especially on under
loads, bending and keeping their strength and is incredibly strong when compressed vertically. Type of structure in
most climates that is a tested material for constructing houses. .
TABLE 11 VENTILATION

Poor 70 70%
Good 30 30%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 houses, 70 or 70% has poor ventilation and only 30 or 30% has
good ventilation .
Analysis:
One type of poor ventilation is “stale air”. The stale air is usually caused by the cooking smells, people
smoking, the odors remaining in the bathroom, a general lack of ventilation around the house as well as by a damp
atmosphere and the air coming from the dirty creek , dirty environment and crowded houses . All these problems
can cause a certain level of discomfort (which can be avoided!) as well as the risk of respiratory illness and general
poor health.
TABLE 12 LIGHTING

Adequate 30 30%
Inadequate 70 70%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 houses, 30 or 30% of it has adequate lighting and 70 or 70% has
inadequate.
Analysis:
Inadequate lighting can lead to an accident and can cause severe injury to a person or can lead to a
mass damage on their neighborhood, especially during night time in that place.
TABLE 13 SURROUNDINGS
Clean 35 35%
Dirty 65 65%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 houses, 65 or 65% has dirty surroundings and 35 or 35% has clean surroundings.
Analysis:
Since the place is overpopulated/overcrowded, the families have no proper bins for their wastes/garbages.
It is not surprising,that all have a dirty surroundings as a result, Dirty surroundings can result to inadequate
eenvironmental sanitation , air pollution, bad smells and other bad things such as illnesses.
TABLE COMMON HOUSEHOLD PESTS
PESTS TOTAL PERCENTAGE

Cockroaches 48 48%
Rats/Mice 30 30%
Mosquitoes 11 11%
Flies 9 9%
Ants 2 2%
Total 100 100%
COMMON HOUSEHOLD PESTS

48%
COCKROACHES
30% RATS/MICE
MOSQUITOES
FLIES
11%9%
ANTS
2%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 respondents surveyed for common household
pests, 48 or 48 were cockroaches, 30 or 30% were infested with mice or rodents, 11 or 11% were
mosquitoes, 9 or 9% were of flies, and 2 or 2% were of ants.
Analysis:
Cockroaches and mice showed as the most dominant infestation because the nature of the
surroundings presents the most suitable breeding place for these pests. The moist environment presented by the
creek is a haven for cockroaches and the small nooks and crevices of the enclosed spaces provides oasis for the rats
and mice.
TABLE BREEDING SITES OF INSECTS & RODENTS

(PRESENCE OF)
CATEGORY TOTAL PERCENTAGE

Yes 100 100%
None 0 0%
Total 100 100%
BREEDING SITES OF INSECTS & RODENTS

(PRESENCE OF)
100%
YES
NONE
0%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 respondents, 100 or 100% showed the presence
of breeding sites for insects and rodents.
Analysis:
Houses closely stacked together coupled with the problem of open drainage, and living near a
polluted creek is an obvious indicator for the presence of breeding sites for insects and rodents.
TABLE PRESENCE OF HEALTH HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARD TOTAL PERCENTAGE

Falling electronic wires 46 46%
Slippery floorings 0 0%
Broken roofings 30 30%
Sharps 24 24%
Total 100 100%
HEALTH HAZARD
46%
FALLING ELECTRICAL WIRES

30%
SLIPPERY FLOORINGS
24%
BROKEN ROOFINGS
SHARPS
0%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 respondents surveyed for health hazards, 46 or
46% have falling electronic wires, 0 or 0% had slippery floorings, 30 or 30% have broken
roofings, and 24 or 24% have sharp objects present around the house.
Analysis:
Depressed areas like the community surveyed have always been plagued with these kinds of
problems. High expenses hinder these people from hiring the services of professional electricians which resulted to
improper installations of electrical wirings. Same thing with the high costs of roofing materials and installations,
these people tend to make the most of whatever is available at a cheaper cost which naturally resulted to defective
roofings.
TABLE 14 WATER SUPPLY OF FAMILIES

Artesian Well 50 50%
Deep Well 30 30%
NAWASA 16 26%
Others 4 4%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 houses, 16 or 16% of it uses NAWASA as their water source, 30 or 30% uses Deep
Well, 50 or 50% uses Artesian Well, and 4 or 4% uses other sources of water.
Analysis:
For generations, we have been able to find clean, abundant sources of freshwater. With growing populations and
increased agricultural and industrial demands, we are beginning to see this formerly bountiful resource becoming
scarce. As source waters become polluted and weather patterns shift, communities are placed at the mercy of
droughts, water diversion projects and political maneuvering.
TABLE 15 STORAGE OF DRINKING WATER

Refrigerated 29 29%
Covered 70 70%
Uncovered 1 1%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 houses, 70 or 70% of it covers their drinking water when storing,
while 29 or 29% refrigerate it, and 1 or 1% do not cover it at all.
Analysis:
Health wise, water is an essential part of our survival. In the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, water
is considered one of the basic physiologic needs. Preservation and conservation of this is a natural task for every
person. Covering and refrigerating water helps minimize contamination and thus making it safe for human
consumption.
TABLE 16 TOILET FACILITIES
SANITARY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Flush 53 53%
Private Pit 0 0%
Owned 40 40%
Share 7 7%
Others 0 0%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 houses, 53 or 53% of it uses flush in their toilet facilities, while 40
or 40% owned toilets, 7 or 7% is sharing it, and there’s neither private pit nor other types of facilities, is 0 or 0%.
Analysis:
Although a good number of the families uses the flushing type, a good majority of these goes
straight to the creek behind. This is not a good waste disposal system. Not only it pollutes the environment but it
also poses a great threat to the health of the people living near it, as it provides a good breeding place for bacteria
and viruses.
TABLE 17 GARBAGE DISPOSAL OF FAMILIES

Collection 100 100%
Burning 0 0%
Burying 0 0%
Open-Dumping 0 0%
Garbage Cans 0 0%
Others 0 0%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 households, 100 or 100% of it has their garbage collected. There
are no burning, burying, open-dumping, garbage cans and other types of it.
Analysis:
Sanitation Services of the City Government is responsible for the collection and disposal of
residential solid waste in that area and other areas in the city. Residents have a designated date for collection, they
stock their garbage until it is collected. Although garbage is collected, the system is still considered inadequate in
terms of environmental sanitation because the collection site is an open ground and exposed to the air until finally
collected. While waiting for it to be collected, the wastes still provide an opportunity as a breeding ground for
insects which can become vectors of the most common diseases available to man, not mentioning the foul odor it
emits to the near neighborhood.
TABLE 18 TYPE OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Closed 47 47%
Open 53 53%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 houses, 53 or 53% of it has open type of drainage, while 47 or
47% has close type.
Analysis:
Open drainage over the time can accumulate stagnant water and make the soil muddy which in
turn causes the soil to erode; this is not good for the environment and it disrupts the balance of nature. The stagnant
and contaminated water can also provide as breeding places for bacteria and viruses that will lead to compromise the
health of the surrounding neighborhood.
TABLE 19 FOOD STORAGE

Covered 71 71%
Uncovered 0 0%
Refrigerated 29 29%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out 100 houses, 71 or 71% covers their food when storing, while 29 or 29%
refrigerates it, and 0 or 0% stores it uncovered.
Analysis:
Belonging to the criteria of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, food as basic physiologic need needs to
be preserved and maintained fresh as much as possible in order to be fit for human consumption. Covering foods
during their storage helps prolong their viability by preventing exposure to bacteria, flies, viruses, dusts, and other
materials that may shorten its usable time for consumption.
TABLE 20 PRESENCE OF PETS/ANIMALS
PETS/ANIMALS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Dogs 27 63%
Cats 15 35%
Chicken 1 2%
Total 43 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 43 pets/animals, 27 or 63% of them are dogs, 15 or 35% are cats, and
1 or 2% is chicken.
Analysis:
Although pets can provide a pleasant relationship experience among owners, the disadvantages of
which may not justify their presence especially if they are not kept maintained accordingly. Undeniably, Filipinos
did not developed the habit of picking up after their pets wastes and they just usually leave those pet feces littered
around the streets open for bacterial breeding. In addition, pets’ hair can also become a source of upper respiratory
diseases when inhaled by sensitive people.
TABLE 21 COMMUNITY RESOURCES
RESOURCES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Health Center 59 26%
Church 48 21%
Barangay Hall 51 22%
Park 12 5%
School 34 15%
Market 25 11%
Total 229 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 229, 59 or 26% utilizes the health center, 48 or 21% goes to church, 51
or 22% utilizes the barangay hall, 12 or 5% uses the park, 34 or 15% knows where the school is, and 25 or 11% goes
to the local market.
Analysis:
The importance of having a health center in a community can never be understated, for it provides
the basic and serves the most immediate needs of the people in terms of health preservation and maintenance.
Barangay Halls provides a venue where people can settle their conflicts locally, provides meeting places where local
leaders can discuss their business and agendas and address whatever problems that rises up in the community.
TABLE 22 INDIGENOUS HEALTH WORKER
TYPE OF WORKERS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Trained Hilot 41 41%
BHW 39 39%
Herbularyo 14 14%
Untrained Hilot 6 6%
Total 100 100%
INDIGENOUS HEALTH WORKER
41%39%
TRAINED HILOT
BHW
HERBULARYO
14%
UNTRAINED HILOT
6%
Interpretation:
rely on trained hilots, 39 or 39% rely on barangay health workers, 14 or 14% rely on
herbularyos, and 6 or 6% rely on untrained hilots.
Analysis:
It is not surprising that people in the poor sector relies more on trained hilots because of its
affordability or accessibility. In fairness, people who rely on BHW are not that far in terms of numbers. This is a
good indication that the government is doing a good job informing the people with regards to the health services it
offers. The availability of trained hilots provides the first hand service in terms of the safe assisting of a woman
during pregnancy, labor and/or after delivery. Their accessibility when called upon is a cliché for its advantages
especially for a community of less fortunate people. However, the developing dependency for trained hilot may
become a disadvantage as people will delay or defer their decision of going to medical doctors when the real need
comes.
TABLE 23 NUTRITION
FOOD PREFERENCE

Fish 20 18%
Vegetables 28 25%
Meat 4 4%
Mixed 59 53%
Total 111 100%
FOOD PREFERENCE
53%
FISH
VEGETABLES
25% MEAT
18%
MIXED
4%
Interpretation:
The table shows that 20 or 18% of the respondents prefers fish, 28 or 25% prefers
vegetables, 4 or 4% prefers meat, and 59 or 53% prefers mixed foods.
Analysis:
This may show that less fortunate people are geared towards consuming a more
balanced food by preferring mixed foods probably in an attempt to save more money. Being in
the frontlines, they are more aware of the price variations of fish, meat, and vegetables. They can
readily adjust their budget by buying whatever is offered with a bargain.
TABLE 24 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PRACTICE

UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CENTERS

Yes 90 90%
No 10 10%
Total 100 100%
UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CENTERS
90%
YES
NO
10%
Interpretation:
The table shows that of the 100 respondents, 90 or 90% of the respondents utilizes
the local barangay health center, and 10 or 10% do not.
Analysis:
This proves the effectiveness of the local government in making its citizens aware
of the services it offers, especially in terms of providing health care. If all the barangays in this
country will be able encourage their constituents to trust and use the system, the country is on the
right path towards attaining the national health goal intended for its citizens.

REASONS FOR UTILIZATION

Illness 46 44%
Pre-natal 16 15%
Post-natal 9 9%
Dental 7 7%
Family Planning 15 14%
Nutrition 12 11%
Total 105 100%
REASON FOR UTILIZATION
44% ILLNESS
PRE-NATAL
POST-NATAL
DENTAL
15% 14%
9%7% 11% FAMILY PLANNING
NUTRITION
Interpretation:
The table shows that 46 or 44% of the respondents utilize the health center for
their illnesses, 16 or 15% use them for pre-natal check up, 9 or 9% utilize them for post-natal, 7
or 7% use them for dental services, 15 or 14% utilize the center for family planning services, and
12 or 11% use them for their nutrition needs.
Analysis:
A good percentage indicates that people uses the health center in times of their general illnesses.
This reflects the trust on the local health care provider in answering the needs of the people when they are ill.

FIRST PERSON CONSULTED IN TIMES OF ILLNESS
HEALTH WORKER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

MD 50 50%
Hilot 15 15%
Nurse 13 13%
Herbularyo 5 5%
Midwife 4 4%
BHW 13 13%
Total 100 100%
FIRST PERSON CONSULTED IN TIMES OF

50%
ILLNESS
MD
HILOT
NURSE
HERBULARYO
15%
13% 13% MIDWIFE
5%4%
BHW
Interpretation:
The table shows that 50 or 50% of the respondents consults medical doctors first
in time of illnesses, 15 or 15% consults hilot first, 13 or 13% consults nurses, 5 or 5% consults
herbularyos first, 4 or 4% consults midwife first, and 13 or 13% consults barangay health
workers first in times of their illnesses.
Analysis:
The high number showing the people consulting doctors first in time of their illnesses
demonstrates the increasing trust in the effectiveness of proven science in contrast with the traditional and beliefs
sometimes associated superstitions.
TABLE USUAL DISEASES
DISEASE TOTAL PERCENTAGE

Hypertension 9 8%
Cough, Colds, & Fever 45 41%
Skin Diseases 29 26%
Diarrhea 10 9%
UTI (Urinary Tract 1 1%
Infection)
Tonsillitis 3 3%
Dengue 8 7%
Asthma 6 5%
Total 111 100%
USUAL DISEASES
HYPERTENSION
COUGH, COLDS, & FEVER
41%
SKIN DISEASES
DIARRHEA
26%
UTI
TONSILLITIS
8% 9% 7%5% DENGUE
1%3%
ASTHMA
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 111 respondents, 9 or 8% of has hypertension, 45 or
41% had coughs, colds, & fever; 29 or 26% had skin diseases, 10 or 9% suffered diarrhea, 1 or
1% had UTI, 3 or 3% had tonsillitis, 8 or 7% had dengue, 6 or 5% was suffering from asthma.
Analysis:
The survey shows the two most common consequences of inadequate living space, open drainage,
and living near a polluted creek. Coughs, cold, fever and skin diseases are due to the abundance of micro-organisms
presented by this kind of environment.
TABLE 27 WHAT DO YOU USUALLY DO FOR THIS CONDITION?
INTERVENTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Self-Medication 47 47%
Consultation 35 35%
Hospital 15 15%
Private Clinics 3 3%
Total 100 100%
INTERVENTIONS USUALLY DONE IN TIMES OF

ILLNESS
47%
35% SELF-MEDICATION
CONSULTATION
HOSPITAL
15%
PRIVATE CLINICS
3%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of the 100 families interviewed, 47 or 47% does self-
medication in times of their illnesses, 35 or 35% consults, 15 or 15% goes to the hospital, and 3
or 3% goes to private clinics.
Analysis:
It is not surprising for Filipinos nowadays to practice self-medication because of the current
economic hardship being experienced by majority. Although not an ideal practice, people are pushed into it in order
to save money. For mild and common signs and symptoms, people get familiarized on how to handle them but the
problem comes along when they tend to abuse the use of antibiotics which further aggravates the problem when not
taken in full dose.
TABLE 28 FAMILY PLANNING

Acceptor (Yes) 75 75%
Non-Acceptor (No) 25 25%
Total 100 100%
FAMILY PLANNING
75%
ACCEPTOR (YES)
25% NON-ACCEPTOR (NO)
Interpretation:
The table shows that of the 100 respondents, 75 or 75% of the respondents are
acceptors of family planning method, and 25 or 25% are non-acceptors.
Analysis:
A good percentage of people surveyed shows that 75 or 75% of them accepts the
idea of family planning. 25 or 25% are still conservative, ignorant or unaware of the idea of
family planning. Family planning involves a great deal of thought and provides the advantage of
having the consideration regarding finances, future plans and desired family dynamics. Family
planning can be extremely advantageous to a family’s financial situation, both present and
future. Having Family dynamics is equips the family with the decision for what is right for their
family based on the specific needs of each member.
TABLE 29 METHOD OF INFANT FEEDING
METHOD FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Breast 70 70%
Bottle 8 8%
Mixed 22 22%
Total 100 100%
METHOD OF INFANT FEEDING
70%
BREAST
BOTTLE
22% MIXED
8%
Interpretation:
The table shows that among the 100 respondents, 70 or 70% practiced breast
feeding method, 8 or 8% used bottles, and 22 or 22% practiced mixed feeding, that is, the use of
breast feeding and use of bottles.
Analysis:
One of the benefits of breast feeding is that it is economical and naturally the most appealing to
people belonging to the poor sector of the society. This is the reason why a good 70% of them practice this. Aside
from its economical benefits, breastfeeding offers the most effective immunity protection for the baby which tops
the list for its advantages.
TABLE 30 SUBJECTS YOU WANT TO LEARN IN HEALTH

EDUCATION
SUBJECT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Drug Abuse 9 6%
Nutrition 57 40%
Family Planning 32 22%
Herbal Plants 6 4%
First-Aid 40 28%
Others 0 0%
Total 144 100%
SUBJECTS
40%
DRUG ABUSE
28% NUTRITION
22% FAMILY PLANNING
HERBAL PLANTS
6% FIRST-AID
4%
0% OTHERS
Interpretation:
The table shows that 9 or 6% of the respondents were interested in learning about
the subject of drug abuse, 57 or 40% were interested about nutrition, 32 or 22% were interested
about family planning, 6 or 4% were interested about the use of herbal plants, and 40 or 28%
were interested in learning about first aid and 0 or 0% were interested about learning others.
Analysis:
Nutrition, family planning, and first aid dominated the top subjects which people are interested to
learn about. All these maximize their benefits in ratio to their savings in all possible areas of necessities. Learning
nutrition provides safeguard and maintenance against diseases as people in this level cannot afford to be sick. The
financial benefits of family planning are too obvious to warrant explanation. First aid enables someone who is
injured, to be quickly treated with basic first aid before they can be properly treated at a local hospital. This
advantage increases the chances of the person surviving in terms of emergency situations.
TABLE 31 ARE YOU AWARE OF ANY EXISTING ORGANIZATION IN THE

COMMUNITY?
AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware 49 49%
Unaware 51 51%
Total 100 100%
Awareness of an Existing Organization in the

Community
51%
Aw are
49% Unaw are
Interpretation:
It is indicated on the table that 49 or 49% of the families were aware of an existing organization in
the community and 51 or 51% of the families were unaware of an existing organization in the community.
Analysis:
The table indicates that majority of the families were unaware that there was an existing
organization in the community. The disadvantage of this is the missed benefits that were solely intended for the
people around the community. If they are not aware of any support group around, how can they expect help in times
of problems particularly addressed by the organization.
TABLE 32 ARE YOU A MEMBER OF ANY OF THE ORGANIZATION?
MEMBERSHIP FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Member 38 38%
Nonmember 62 62%
Total 100 100%
Membership to Existing Community
Organizations
62%
Mem ber
38% Nonmember
Interpretation:
The table indicates that 38 or 38% of the total families were members of the organization and 62
or 62% of the total families were nonmembers.
Analysis:
It is indicated from the table that majority of the families were nonmembers of any organization in
their community.
TABLES 33 ARE YOU AWARE OF ITS ACTIVITIES & PROJECTS?
AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware 46 46%
Unaware 54 54%
Total 100 100%
Awareness of the Projects and Activities in the
Community
54%
Aw are
46%
Unaw are
Interpretation:
The table indicates that 4or 46% of the total families were aware of its activities and projects and
54 or 54% were not aware.
Analysis:
The result in this survey coincides with the results in Table 31, where a good number of people are
unaware of any existing organization around the community. If they are unaware of the existence of any
organization around them, it would follow that they are also not aware of its activities and projects. Same
disadvantage would follow that the benefits intended by the organization is not received by most of the people who
needs it. If only a minority of the people is receiving the benefits of an organization, it would appear that it defeats
the very own purpose of group’s existence.
TABLE 34 HOW ARE YOU INVOLVED IN ITS ACTIVITIES?
MEANS OF INVOLVEMENT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Attend Meetings 12 26%
Participates in Planning 6 13%
Participates in 18 38%
Implementation
Not Involved at All 11 23%
Total 47 100%
Involvement in Community Projects and

Activities
38%
Attend Meetings
26%
23% Participates in Planning
13% Participates in Implementation
Not Involved at All
Interpretation:
The table indicates that 12 or 26% of the respondents, who are aware of the existence of the
organization, attends their meetings, 6 or 13% participates in planning, 18 or 38% do implementation programs, and
11 or 23% for no involvement.
Analysis:
The table proves that majority of the respondents were aware of the activities and organizations in
their community, and participates in its programs. The advantage of this is that a member who participates receives
more benefits than those who do not participate because they experience the activities first hand rather than those
who stay behind the scenes.
TABLE 35 ENVIRONMENT
ADEQUACY OF LIVING SPACE

Adequate 30 30%
Inadequate 70 70%
Total 100 100%
Interpretation:
The table shows that out of 100 houses, 70 or 70% said their living space is inadequate, while 30
or 30% said their living space is adequate.
Analysis:
Since most of them are extended families, they sleep at the same place where they eat and cook.
The problem or disadvantage of having inadequate living space is that it presents a health hazard in terms of
adequate air circulation. If one of the members of the family is sick with a contagious disease, the transmission
among the members is so easy and translates into a probable spread to the nearest neighbor.
TABLE 36 HAVE YOU HAD ADEQUATE…
Adequacy Rest % Sleep % Relaxation % Stress Management %

Activities
Adequate 50 62% 45 56% 55 69% 55 69%
Inadequate 30 38% 35 44% 25 31% 25 31%
Total 80 100 80 100 80 100 80 100
Figure:
Interpretation:
Table 36 shows that they have had adequate rest, sleep, relaxation and stress management.
Analysis:
Even if they do not have enough space for living, they still have adequate rest, sleep relaxation &
stress management because they got used to it. Their body adapted on their environment.
TABLE 37 BLOOD PRESSURE
BP HUSBAND % WIFE %
High BP – 140/90 & above 5 21% 9 11%
Low BP – 90/60 & below 0 0% 7 8%
Normal BP – 120/80 19 79% 68 81%
Total 24 100% 84 100%
BLOOD PRESSURE
140/90 & ABOVE 90/60 & BELOW 120/80
79% 81%
21%
11% 8%
0%
HUSBAND WIFE
Interpretation:
The table shows that among the husbands interviewed, 5 or 21% had a blood
pressure of 140/90 and above, 19 or 79% had normal BP of 120/80, and none had a blood
pressure of lower than 90/60. Among the wives interviewed, 9 or 11% had a BP of 140/90 and
above, 7 or 8% had a low BP of 90/60 and below, and 68 or 81% had a normal BP of 120/80.
Analysis:
People in the poor sector of society has a tendency to eat only what is right in their budget and that budget
is not really that enough for them to indulge and over eat. Scarcity in budget also means scarcity in food.
CHAPTER IV
COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE
PLANNING
FAMILY NURSING CARE PLAN
NURSING
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS EVALUATION
INTERVENTION
Objective:
1.70% of the Inability to Advise the
community’s supply residents about
houses are made construction the hazards of
up of wood material that having a house
is made up of made of wood and
2.overcrowded concrete or the closeness of
houses metal due to the gaps between
squatters area insufficient each houses.
funding.
Closeness of
each other’s
houses due to
land
inadequacy.
Advise the
Inability to residents to
recognize the report
presence of overlapping and
fire hazards illegal tapping
3.Overlapping due to his of electrical
and tapping of limited wirings.
electrical knowledge on
wirings. fire prevention Give first aid
and combustion teachings for
process. burn patients
Advise the
families to watch
out
children who are
Subjective: playing flammable
materials or
“Mabilis po na objects
kumalat ang
apoy dito
tuwing
nasusunugan” as
verbalized by
one of the
residents.
“Marami pong
nag-tatap ng
mga wires dito
sir. Ayan nga
po nagka-buhul-
buhol na” as Report
verbalized by overlapping or
one of the tapping of
residents. electrical wires
to the meralco
Teach the
residents about
the disadvantage
of electrical
tapping
Health Family Goal of Objectives Nursing Method Resources

Problem Nursing Care of Care Intervention s of Required
Problem Nurse –
Family
Contact
Inadequate Inability to After the After 1) Establish Home 1) Material
Environmental provide a nursing nursing rapport Visit resources
Sanitation as home intervention intervention Lectures a. Broom
Health Threat environment the family the family 2) Reinforce the made of
conducive to will able to will: schedule for coconut
Subjective: health know the cleaning activity midrib
maintenance importance a)Improve b. Shovel
“Di araw-araw and personal of proper their 3) Emphasize and sacks to
kinokolekta development disposal and knowledge the importance be used in
ang basura, due to proper in proper of a clean and compost pit
daming ng sanitation so ways to healthy
tatapon sa 1)Lack of that they can dispose environment 2) Human
creek.” As knowledge improve garbage Resources
verbalized by about the their 4) Discuss a. Time
the home importance surrounding b)They can techniques and and effort of
owners. of proper s with the implement methods used in the nurse and
disposal of use of ways of cleaning and the active
garbage proper maintaining sanitizing participation
Objective: disposing of a healthy and
2)Lack of/ garbage. family and 5)Discuss with empowerment
Since most of inadequate community the family the of the family
them are knowledge possible disease
extended of the c)They can that might exist
families, they importance practice or that will
sleep at the of hygiene and result harm in
same place and develop the improper
where they eat sanitation proper garbage disposal
and even cook disposal of
sometimes garbage 6)Demonstratin
and they do g proper
not have separation of
enough biodegradable to
budgets for a non-
larger space biodegradable
since most of matters
them do not t
have jobs
1) Garbage
can be
seen
disposed
at the
back and
side of
their
house
2) Some
garbage
is stocked
inside the
hidden
corners of
the house
3) Scattered
container
s, gallons
and
pieces of
wood
CHAPTER V
EVALUATION AND
RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER VI
DIARIES, HEALTH TEACHINGS
AND LEARNINGS
DAILY DIARY
November 15, 2010 (Monday)

On the first day of our duty in the area (November 15, 2010), we made a
courtesy visit to the barangay chairwoman (Elizabeth Maliwat), introduced
ourselves and requested to take some pictures with her and the barangay hall’s
facilities, schedules, health workers and staffs and observed and recorded some
data that were necessary for our research work.
In return, Chairwoman Elizabeth Maliwat approved our request and told us
that we are very welcome in conducting our survey in their community.
We then took pictures of the said requests using our Leader’s Digital Camera
and began planning for the upcoming surveys.
On this day, our clinical instructor (Mrs. Pacheco) divided us into 2 groups.
We had a survey of road 5, 6, and 7 where we can select depressed members of
Barangay 164. She assigned us 10 residents for each student within the vicinity,
introduced, and began our interpersonal relationship with our clients after which
we had our interview using a survey sheet. We had some difficulties because some
of the household were working, bringing their children to the school and some
were busy with their household chores. It was a busy day on our part that even we
had no time to have our snack since we had to catch the time of the family
members they had passed that we had not finished our target family so we had to
be back the next day. We took more pictures of the area with the residents of the
community.
Our clinical instructor decided to gather all the data of the previous week
that we had collected through the survey sheets for collation. She assigned Allain
Tayag and Marc Xavier Chua to tally each paper in order for us to get the total of
the surveyed materials using two whole Manila paper and a marker.
It was quite long to tally all of the data we had collected. It took us almost
4hrs to sum it yet we still managed to finish it that very day.
After summing all of the collected data, we were called up in the dean’s
office by the dean to check our tallied data and taught us few things regarding the
research work together with our clinical instructor. Our dean suggested some ideas
in making it and asked us few questions about our survey. She asked us where,
how long, and when it was done.
After we had our conversation with our dean, we got dismissed and went
home.
December 1, 2010 (Wednesday)
During this day, collation started; we planned how to make our research
work and our leader, LEA MARI, assigned each of us to a specific chapter/s.
Our clinical instructor then gave us an idea on how to make this work the
way she wanted and helped us to construct some sentences the way it should be.
Making our research work wass indeed stressful and time consuming but we
were determined to finish it on time. We realized how hard it was to do such thing
without the full cooperation of each member.
On this day we still lacked a lot of information of the place’s spot map,
summary, recommendations and insights, etc. except for the surveyed data.
January 3-5, 2011(Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday)
Our class resumed, and we were able to finish collating. We had gotten the
total percentage of each category in the survey. We made a graph for each and we
started making analysis and interpretation. The survey shows many problems of the
community like in their personal hygiene and the cleanliness of their community.
Diseases/illnesses such as hypertension, coughs, colds, dengue, and skin diseases
such as ringworm were present in that particular place.
January 11-13, 2011 (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday)
We were still working on our community care plan. We shared each one’s
ideas for the good of our project and continued editing while others were busy
finishing their assigned tasks.
The initial data were in but it was still incomplete. It wass indeed stressful
but we had to do something for us to complete our work. So our leader (Lea Mari)
told us to double-the-time, finalize our work A.S.A.P. and submit it to her in order
for her to make our work complete.
LEARNING INSIGHTS
After the field practice, we demonstrated the following skills:

1. Applied principles, theories and methods of Community Health Nursing
that had been studied and discussed in the classroom.
2. Learned to interact with various kinds of people.
3. Identified and analyzed health problems through the use of different sorts
of methods (e.g. survey, assessments, review of health records/reports of
the previous years, etc.)
4. Learned to make plans regarding on the improvement of the community’s
health needs.
5. Participated in the implementation of planned project in the community.
After few weeks of exposure in Barangay 164, Caloocan, the group had
appreciated more about life in the community where people live in places without
adequate lighting, food, sanitation, etc. In the process of the said experience, the
mentioned objectives of the group are partially met. And to further satisfy the
effectiveness of the identified projects and programs that were started in the
community, participation and full cooperation of the residences are the key
concepts that made it a success.
HEALTH TEACHINGS
DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
INTRODUCTION:
Philippine hemorrhagic fever was first reported in 1958. In 1958, hemorrhagic
fever became a notifiable disease in country and was later reclassified asdengue
hemorrhagic fever.
The mobility rate of dengue fever in 2003 is much lower at 13 cases per 100,000
population compared to the highest ever recorded rate of 60.9 per 100,000 in 1998.
The cases fatality ratio for DHF in 2003is also lower at 0.8% compared to the
highest ratio of 2.6% in 1998. While there were 12 outbreak of DHF in 1998, there
was an average of one of three outbreaks year during the period of 1999-2004. The
sudden increases in the incidence of dengue in 199, 1998 and 2001 were expected
because of the cyclical nature of the disease. The reason dengue remains a threat
to public health despite low incidences reported in recent years.dengue cases
usually peaks in the month of july to November and lowest during the month of
feb. to april.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

An acute febrile infection of sudden onset with clinical manifestation of 3 stages:
• First 4 days- febrile or invasive stage starts abruptly as high fever,
abdominal pain, and headache later flushing which may be accompanied by
vomiting, conjuctival infection and epistaxis.
• 4th-7th day- toxic or hemorrhagic stages- lowering of temperature, severe

abdominal pain, vomiting and frequent bleeding in GIT in the form of
hematemesis or melena. Unstable B.P., narrow pulse pressure and shock.
Death may occur. Tourniquet test which may be positive on 3rd day may
become negative due to low or vasomotor collapse.
• 7th- 10th day- convalescent or recovery stage generalized

flashing with intervening areas of blanching appetite
regained and blood pressure already stable.
• Severe, frank type – with flushing, sudden high fever, severe hemorrhage
followed by sudden drop of temperature, shock and terminating in recovery
or death.
• Moderate –with high fever but less hemorrhage, no shock.
• Mild- with slight fever, with or w/o petechial hemorrhage but

epidemiologically related to typical cases usually discovered in the course of
investigation of typical cases.
SOURCE OF INFECTION
• Immediate source is a vector mosquito, the Aedes Aegypti or the

common household mosquito
• The infection person.
MODE OF TRANSMISSON: Mosquito bite (Aedes Aegypti)
INCUBATION PERIOD: probably 6 days to one week.
PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY: unknown, presumed to be on

the week of illness when virus still present in the blood.
Susceptibility, resistance and occurrence
All people are susceptible. Both sexes are equally affected. Age
groups predominantly affected are the preschool age and school age.
Adult and infant are not exempted. Peak age affected 5-9 yrs.
Occurrence is sporadic throughout the year epidemic usually occur
during the rainy season june-nov. Peak months are September and
October.
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
• Tourniquet test ( rumple lead test)
• Inflate the blood pressure cuff on the upper part to a point

midway between the systolic and diastolic pressure for 5 mins.
• Release cuff and make an imaginary 2.5cm sq or 1inch sq just

below the cuff, at the anticubital fossa.
• Count the numbers of petechiae inside the box.
• A test is (+) when 20 or more petechiae per 2.5 sq or 1 inch sq

are observed.
MANAGEMENT
Supportive and symptomatic treatment should be provided.

• Foe fever, give paracetamol for muscle pain. For headache give analgesic
DON’T give ASPIRIN
• Rapidreplacement of body fluid is the most important treatment.
• Includes intensive monitoring and follow up.
• Give ORESOL to replace fluid as in moderate dehydration at 75 ml/kg in 4-

6hrs or up to 2-3ml I adults. Continue ORS intake until patient condition
improve.
METHOD OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL

The infected individual, contact and environment:
• Recognition of the disease.
• Isolation of patient
• Epidemiological investigation
• Cases finding and reporting
• Health education
CONTROL MEASURES
1. Eliminate vector by:
a. Changing water and scrubbing sides of lower vases once a week
b. Destroy breading places of mosquito by cleaning surrounding.
c. Proper disposal of rubber tires, empty bottle and cans.
d. Keep water container covered.
2. Avoid too many hanging clothes inside the house.

3. Residual spraying with insecticides.
NURSING REPONSIBILITIES
Since there is no known immunization agent against H-fever, nursing effort should
be directed toward the immediate control of its cause by knowing the nature of the
disease and its causation. The fallowing our important:
• Report immediately municipal health office any known case outbreak.
• Refer immediately to the nearest hospital, cases that exhibit symptoms of

hemorrhage from any part of the body no matter how slight.
• Conduct a health education program directed toward environment sanitation

particularly destruction of all known breeding places pf mosquitoes.
`PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
What is DOTS?
A DOT (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course) has been identified by the
World Bank as one of the most cost-effective health strategies available.
The DOTS Strategy DOTS strategy combines appropriate diagnosis of TB and
registration of each patient detected, followed by standardized multi-drug
treatment, with a secure supply of high quality anti-TB drugs for all patients in
treatment, individual patient outcome evaluation to ensure cure and cohort
evaluation to monitor overall program performance.
DOTS is THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY available for controlling the
worldwide TB epidemic today.
DOTS is an inexpensive and highly effective means of treating patients already infected with TB
and preventing new infections and the development of drug resistance. Between 1995 and 2003,
more than 17.1 million patients were treated under the DOTS strategy. Worldwide, 182 countries
were implementing the DOTS strategy by the end of 2003, and 77% of the world's population
was living in regions where DOTS was in place. DOTS programs reported 1.8 million new TB
cases through lab testing in 2003, a case detection rate of 45%, and the average success rate for
DOTS treatment was 82%. WHO aims to achieve a 70% case detection rate of TB cases and cure
85% of those detected by 2005. The U.N. Millennium Development Goals include targets to
halve the 1990 TB prevalence and death rates by 2015.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease yet it remains one of the leading causes of
death in the Philippines treatment.
Seventy-five (75) Filipinos die of TB every day, most of them in the prime of their
life. If untreated, a person with tuberculosis can transmit the TB bacteria to as
many as 10 to 15 people during the course of one year, who, in turn, may develop
the disease.
In response, Stanfilco and Dolefil have developed
partnerships and implemented a TB-DOTS program to
eradicate the illness and raise awareness. Already in 2004
Stanfilco became the first company in the Mindanao
region to implement a TB-DOTS program, shortly
followed by Dolefil.
The TB-DOTS program, which stands for Tuberculosis Directly Observed Short-
course, has five components:
1. Political or Management commitment
2. TB diagnosis through sputum microscopy (x-ray is only a secondary
diagnostic tool)
3. Availability of complete and quality anti-TB medications
4. Supervised treatment (a responsible person making sure that the patient
takes the anti-TB medication everyday)
5. Recording and reporting of cases and outcomes
The TB-DOTS program complies with the World Health Organization (WHO)
standards as a prescribed, cost-effective strategy to detect, treat and cure TB.
Since the program’s inception at Stanfilco, it has resulted in the successful
treatment of 100 cases out of 400 referrals.
Prior to the formal TB-DOTS program, Dolefil had long been promoting a TB-
free workplace. Since 2003, Dolefil has been able to identify 70 employees
inflicted with the dreaded disease, of which 39 have fully recovered and 31 are
still undergoing
Thus far the TB-DOTS program has been implemented together with the
following partners:
 Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP), a foundation of which
Dole Philippines is a member company
 Philippine Tuberculosis Initiatives for the Private Sector, a project
supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
 Philippine Department of Health and the municipal and rural health units
 Kasilak Foundation
 Mahintana Foundation, Inc.
To further secure the success of the program, all Stanfilco doctors and nurses from
nine zones in Mindanao have been fully trained as DOTS providers as of January
2005. Furthermore, over 1,000 farm clerks and other interested parties have been
trained to become TB educators, in turn giving them the tools necessary to raise
awareness and correct misconceptions about TB. Since the program’s launch,
over 3,000 people (employees, their families, and the surrounding communities)
have been educated about tuberculosis.
Stanfilco’s and Dolefil’s commitment is further illustrated by the fact that they
were among the first companies to comply with the newly signed Department of
Labor and Employment guidelines on TB in the workplace. Furthermore Dole has
refurbished an idle facility into a TB-DOTS facility in the municipality of
Lantapan, Bukidnon. The new facility is now serving Dole associates as well as
the barangays- or townships and local agricultural workers in the area.
What is tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by a germ called Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other
parts of the body. TB spreads through the air when a person with TB of the lungs
or throat coughs, sneezes or talks, if you have been exposed.
TB infection usually occurs initially in the upper part (lobe) of the lungs. The
body's immune system, however, can stop the bacteria from continuing to
reproduce. Thus, the immune system can make the lung infection inactive
(dormant). On the other hand, if the body's immune system cannot contain the TB
bacteria, the bacteria will reproduce (become active or reactivate) in the lungs and
spread elsewhere in the body.
CAUSES
Tuberculosis is caused by an organism called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The
bacteria spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into
the air. This can happen when someone with the untreated, active form of
tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs or sings. Rarely, a pregnant
woman with active TB may pass the bacteria to her unborn child.
Although tuberculosis is contagious, it's not especially easy to catch. You're much
more likely to get tuberculosis from a family member or close co-worker than from
a stranger. Most people with active TB who've had appropriate drug treatment for
at least two weeks are no longer contagious
How common is TB, and who gets it?

Over 8 million new cases of TB occur each year worldwide. In the United States, it
is estimated that 10-15 million people are infected with the TB bacteria and 22,000
new cases of TB occur each year.
Anyone can get TB, but certain people are at higher risk, including
• people who live with individuals who have an active TB infection,
• poor or homeless people,
• foreign-born people from countries that have a high prevalence of TB,

• nursing-home residents and prison inmates,
• alcoholics and intravenous drug users,
• people with diabetes, certain cancers, and HIV infection (the AIDS virus),
• Health-care workers.
Symptoms of tuberculosis
Although your body may harbor the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, your immune
system often can prevent you from becoming sick. For this reason, doctors make a
distinction between:
 Latent TB. In this condition, you have a TB infection, but the bacteria
remain in your body in an inactive state and cause no symptoms. Latent TB,
also called inactive TB or TB infection, isn't contagious.
 Active TB. This condition makes you sick and can spread to others.
Signs and symptoms of active TB include:
 Unexplained weight loss

 Fatigue
 Fever
 Night sweats
 Chills
 Loss of appetite
Tuberculosis usually attacks your lungs. Signs and symptoms of TB of the
lungs include:
 Coughing that lasts three or more weeks

 Coughing up blood
 Chest pain, or pain with breathing or coughing
CAUSE
Tuberculosis is caused by an organism called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The
bacteria spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into
the air. This can happen when someone with the untreated, active form of
tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs or sings. Rarely, a pregnant
woman with active TB may pass the bacteria to her unborn child.
Although tuberculosis is contagious, it's not especially easy to catch. You're much
more likely to get tuberculosis from a family member or close co-worker than from
a stranger. Most people with active TB who've had appropriate drug treatment for
at least two weeks are no longer contagious.
RISK FACTOR
Anyone can get tuberculosis, but certain factors increase your risk of the disease.
These factors include:
 Lowered immunity. A healthy immune system can often successfully fight

TB bacteria, but your body can't mount an effective defense if your
resistance is low. A number of factors can weaken your immune system.
Having a disease that suppresses immunity, such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes,
end-stage kidney disease, certain cancers or the lung disease silicosis, can
reduce your body's ability to protect itself. Your risk is also higher if you
take corticosteroids, certain arthritis medications, chemotherapy drugs or
other drugs that suppress the immune system.
 Close contact with someone with infectious TB. In general, you must
spend an extended period of time with someone with untreated, active TB to
become infected yourself. You're more likely to catch the disease from a
family member, roommate, and friend or close co-worker.
 Country of origin. People from regions with high rates of TB — especially
sub-Saharan Africa, India, China, the islands of Southeast Asia and
Micronesia, and parts of the former Soviet Union — are more likely to
develop TB. In the United States, more than half the people with TB were
born in a different country. Among these, the most common countries of
origin were Mexico, the Philippines, India and Vietnam.
 Age. Older adults are at greater risk of TB because normal aging or illness
may weaken their immune systems. They're also more likely to live in
nursing homes, where outbreaks of TB can occur.
 Substance abuse. Long-term drug or alcohol use weakens your immune
system and makes you more vulnerable to TB.
 Malnutrition. A poor diet or one too low in calories puts you at greater risk
of TB.
 Lack of medical care. If you are on a low or fixed income, live in a remote
area, have recently immigrated to the United States or are homeless, you
may lack access to the medical care needed to diagnose and treat TB.
 Living or working in a residential care facility. People who live or work

in prisons, immigration centers or nursing homes are all at risk of TB. That's
because the risk of the disease is higher anywhere there is overcrowding and
poor ventilation.
 Living in a refugee camp or shelter. Weakened by poor nutrition and ill
health and living in crowded, unsanitary conditions, refugees are at
especially high risk of TB infection.
 Health care work. Regular contact with people who are ill increases your
chances of exposure to TB bacteria. Wearing a mask and frequent hand
washing greatly reduce your risk.
 International travel. As people migrate and travel widely, they may expose
others or be exposed to TB bacteria.
COMPLICATION
Without treatment, tuberculosis can be fatal. Drug-resistant strains of the disease
are more difficult to treat.
Untreated active disease typically affects your lungs, but it can spread to other
parts of the body through your bloodstream. Complications vary according to the
location of TB bacteria:
 Lung damage can occur if TB in your lungs (pulmonary TB) isn't diagnosed
and treated early.
 Severe pain abscesses and joint destruction may result from TB that infects
your bones.
 Meningitis can occur if TB infects your brain and central nervous system.
 Miliary TB is TB that has spread throughout your entire body, a serious
complication.
TEST AND DIAGNOSIS

Skin test
The most commonly used diagnostic tool for TB is a simple skin test. Although
there are two methods, the Mantoux test is preferred because it's more accurate.
For the Mantoux test, a small amount of a substance called PPD tuberculin is
injected just below the skin of your inside forearm. You should feel only a slight
needle prick. Within 48 to 72 hours, a health care professional will check your arm
for swelling at the injection site, indicating a reaction to the injected material. A
hard, raised red bump (induration) means you're likely to have TB infection. The
size of the bump determines whether the test results are significant, based on your
risk factors for TB.
The Mantoux test isn't perfect. A false-positive test suggests that you have TB
when you really don't. This is most likely to occur if you're infected with a
different type of mycobacterium other than the one that causes tuberculosis, or if
you've recently been vaccinated with the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine.
This TB vaccine is seldom used in the United States, but widely used in countries
with high TB infection rates.
On the other hand, some people who are infected with TB — including children,
older people and people with AIDS — may have a delayed or no response to the
Mantoux test.
Blood tests
Blood tests may be used to confirm or rule out latent or active TB. These tests use
sophisticated technology to measure the immune system's reaction to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These tests are quicker and more accurate than is the
traditional skin test. They may be useful if you're at high risk of TB infection but
have a negative response to the Mantoux test, or if you received the BCG vaccine.
Further testing
If the results of a TB test are positive (referred to as "significant"); you may have
further tests to help determine whether you have active TB disease and whether it
is a drug-resistant strain.
These tests may include:
 Chest X-ray or CT scan. If you've had a positive skin test, your doctor is
likely to order a chest X-ray. In some cases, this may show white spots in
your lungs where your immune system has walled off TB bacteria. In others,
it may reveal a nodule or cavities in your lungs caused by active TB. A
computerized tomography (CT) scan, which uses cross-sectional X-ray
images, may show more subtle signs of disease.
 Culture tests. If your chest X-ray shows signs of TB, your doctor may take
a sample of your stomach secretions or sputum — the mucus that comes up
when you cough. The samples are tested for TB bacteria, and your doctor
can have the results of special smears in a matter of hours.
Samples may also be sent to a laboratory where they're examined under a

microscope as well as placed on a special medium that encourages the growth of
bacteria (culture). The bacteria that appear are then tested to see if they respond to
the medications commonly used to treat TB. Your doctor uses the results of the
culture tests to prescribe the most effective medications for you. Because TB
bacteria grow very slowly, traditional culture tests can take four to eight weeks.
 Other tests. Testing called nuclear acid amplification (NAA) can detect
genes associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This
test is generally available only in developed countries.
A test used primarily in developing countries is called the microscopic-observation

drug-susceptibility (MODS) assay. It can detect the presence of TB bacteria in
sputum in as little as seven days. Additionally, the test can identify drug-resistant
strains of the TB bacteria.
What if my test is negative?

Having little or no reaction to the Mantoux test usually means that you're not
infected with TB bacteria. But in some cases it's possible to have TB infection in
spite of a negative test. Reasons for a false-negative test include:
 Recent TB infection. It can take eight to 10 weeks after you've been

infected for your body to react to a skin test. If your doctor suspects that
you've been tested too soon, you may need to repeat the test in a few
months.
 Severely weakened immune system. If your immune system is
compromised by an illness, such as AIDS, or by corticosteroid or
chemotherapy drugs, you may not respond to the Mantoux test, even though
you're infected with TB. Diagnosing TB in HIV-positive people is further
complicated because many symptoms of AIDS are similar to TB symptoms.
 Vaccination with a live virus. Vaccines that contain a live virus, such as the
measles or smallpox vaccine, can interfere with a TB skin test.
 Overwhelming TB disease. If your body has been overwhelmed with TB
bacteria, it may not be able to mount enough of a defense to respond to the
skin test.
 Improper testing. Sometimes the PPD tuberculin may be injected too
deeply below the surface of your skin. In that case, any reaction you have
may not be visible. Be sure that you're tested by someone skilled in
administering TB tests.
Diagnosing TB in children
It's harder to diagnose TB in children than in adults. Children may swallow
sputum, rather than coughing it out, making it harder to take culture samples. And
infants and young children may not react to the skin test. For these reasons, tests
from an adult who is likely to have been the cause of the infection may be used to
help diagnose TB in a child.
TREATMENT AND DRUGS
Medications are the cornerstone of tuberculosis treatment. But treating TB takes

much longer than treating other types of bacterial infections. Normally, you take
antibiotics for at least six to nine months to destroy the TB bacteria. The exact
drugs and length of treatment depend on your age, overall health, possible drug
resistance, the form of TB (latent or active) and its location in the body.
Treating TB infection (latent TB)

if tests show that you have TB infection but not active disease, your doctor may
recommend preventive drug therapy to destroy bacteria that might become active
in the future. You're likely to receive a daily or twice-a-week dose of the TB
medication isoniazid. For treatment to be effective, you usually take isoniazid for
nine months. Long-term use of isoniazid can cause side effects, including the life-
threatening liver disease hepatitis. For this reason, your doctor will monitor you
closely while you're taking isoniazid. During treatment, avoid using acetaminophen
(Tylenol, others) and avoid or limit alcohol use. Both increase your risk of liver
damage.
Treating active TB disease
If you're diagnosed with active TB, you're likely to begin taking four medications
— isoniazid, rifampin (Rifadin), ethambutol (Myambutol) and pyrazinamide. This
regimen may change if tests later show some of these drugs to be ineffective. Even
so, you'll continue to take several medications. Depending on the severity of your
disease and whether the bacteria are drug-resistant, one or two of the four drugs
may be stopped after a few months. You may be hospitalized for the first two
weeks of therapy or until tests show that you're no longer contagious.
Sometimes the drugs may be combined in a single tablet such as Rifater, which
contains isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide. This makes your treatment less
complicated while ensuring that you get all the drugs needed to completely destroy
TB bacteria. Another drug that may make treatment easier is rifapentine (Priftin),
which is taken just once a week during the last four months of therapy, in
combination with other drugs.
Medication side effects

Side effects of TB drugs aren't common, but can be serious when they do occur. All
TB medications can be highly toxic to your liver. Rifampin can also cause severe
flu-like signs and symptoms — fever, chills, muscle pain, nausea and vomiting.
When taking these medications, call your doctor immediately if you experience
any of the following:
 Nausea or vomiting
 Loss of appetite
 A yellow color to your skin (jaundice)
 Dark urine
 A fever that lasts three or more days and has no obvious cause
 Tenderness or soreness in your abdomen
 Blurred vision or colorblindness
Prevention
In general, TB is preventable. From a public health standpoint, the best way to
control TB is to diagnose and treat people with TB infection before they develop
active disease and to take careful precautions with people hospitalized with TB.
But there also are measures you can take on your own to help protect yourself and
others:
 Keep your immune system healthy. Eat plenty of healthy foods including
fruits and vegetables, get enough sleep, and exercise at least 30 minutes a
day most days of the week to keep your immune system in top form.
 Get tested regularly. Experts advise people who have a high risk of TB to get
a skin test once a year. This includes people with HIV or other conditions
that weaken the immune system, people who live or work in a prison or
nursing home, health care workers, people from countries with high rates of
TB, and others in high-risk groups.
 Consider preventive therapy. If you test positive for latent TB infection, your
doctor will likely advise you to take medications to reduce your risk of
developing active TB. Vaccination with BCG isn't recommended for general
use in the United States, because it isn't very effective in adults and it causes
a false-positive result on a Mantoux skin test. But the vaccine is often given
to infants in countries where TB is more common. Vaccination can prevent
severe TB in children. Researchers are working on developing a more
effective TB vaccine.
 Finish your entire course of medication. This is the most important step you
can take to protect yourself and others from TB. When you stop treatment
early or skip doses, TB bacteria have a chance to develop mutations that
allow them to survive the most potent TB drugs. The resulting drug-resistant
strains are much more deadly and difficult to treat.
To help keep your family and friends from getting sick if you have active TB:
 Stay home. Don't go to work or school or sleep in a room with other people
during the first few weeks of treatment for active TB.
 Ensure adequate ventilation. Open the windows whenever possible to let in
fresh air.
 Cover your mouth. It takes two to three weeks of treatment before you're no
longer contagious. During that time, be sure to cover your mouth with a
tissue anytime you laugh, sneeze or cough. Put the dirty tissue in a bag, seal
it and throw it away. Also, wearing a mask when you're around other people
during the first three weeks of treatment may help lessen the risk of
transmission.
HERBAL MEDICINE
1) BAYABAS/ GUAVA
USES:
• Cleaning and disinfecting wound
• Kills bacteria, fungi and ameba
• Used to treat diarrhea, nose bleeding
• For hypertension, diabetes and asthma
• Antiseptic, astringent & anthelminthic
• Used to aid in the treatment of dysentery and the inflammation of the kidney.
• Used as a wash for uterine and vaginal problem
• The bark and leaves can be used as astringent
• Treatment for uterine hemorrhage, swollenness of the legs and other parts of
the body.
• Used for toothaches
Note: Bayabas can cause constipation when consumed in excess.
PREPARATION:
• Boil one cup of Bayabas leaves in three cups of water for 8 to 10 minutes. Let
cool.
• Use decoction as mouthwash, gargle.
• Use as wound disinfectant - wash affected areas with the decoction of leaves 2 to
3 times a day. Fresh leaves may be applied to the wound directly for faster healing.
• For toothaches, chew the leaves in your mouth.
• For diarrhea, boil the chopped leaves for 15 minutes in water, and strain. Let
cool, and drink a cup every three to four hours.
• To stop nosebleed, densely roll Bayabas leaves, then place in the nostril cavities.
2) SAMBONG
USES:
• Good as a diuretic agent
• Effective in the dissolving kidney stones
• Aids in treating hypertension & rheumatism
• Treatment of colds & fever
• Anti-diarrheic properties
• Anti-gastralgic properties
• Helps remove worms, boils
• Relief of stomach pains
• Treats dysentery, sore throat
PREPERATION:
• A decoction (boil in water) of Sambong leaves as like tea and drink a glass 3
or 4 times a day.
• The leaves can also be crushed or pounded and mixed with coconut oil.
• For headaches, apply crushed and pounded leaves on forehead and temples.
• Decoction of leaves is used as sponge bath.
• Decoction of the roots, on the other hand, is to be taken in as cure for fever.
3) AMPALAYA
USES:
• Good for rheumatism and gout
• And diseases of the spleen and liver
• Aids in lowering blood sugar levels
• Helps in lowering blood pressure
• Relives headaches
• Disinfects and heals wounds & burns
• Can be used as a cough & fever remedy
• Treatment of intestinal worms, diarrhea
• Helps prevent some types of cancer
• Enhances immune system to fight infection•
• For treatment of hemorrhoids•
• Is an antioxidant and parasiticide
• Is antibacterial and antipyretic
• Good source of vitamins A, B and C, iron, folic acid, phosphorous and
calcium.
PREPERATION:
• For coughs, fever, worms, diarrhea, diabetes, juice Ampalaya leaves and drink a
spoonful daily.
• For other ailments, the fruit and leaves can both be juiced and taken orally.
• For headaches wounds, burns and skin diseases, apply warmed leaves to afflicted
area.
• Powdered leaves, and the root decoction, may be used as stringent and applied to
treat hemorrhoids.
• Internal parasites are proven to be expelled when the Ampalaya juice, made from
its leaves, is extracted. The Ampalaya juice and grounded seeds is to be taken one
spoonful thrice a day, which also treats diarrhea, dysentery, and chronic colitis.
4.) LUYANG DILAW OR GINGER ROOT
USES:
• Relieves rheumatic pains & muscle pains
• Helps in digestion and absorption of food
• Anti-fungal, antiseptic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory
• Alleviates sore throat, fever and colds
• Ease nausea and vomiting
• Intestinal disorders and slow digestion
• Relief from tympanism and flatulence
• Treat intestinal worms
• Hinder diarrhea, gas pains
• Relieve indigestion (dyspepsia), toothaches
• Lower cholesterol levels
• Aids treatment of tuberculosis
5.) PALO CHINA/ACAPULCO

External Uses:
Treatment of skin diseases:
Tinea infections, insect bites, ringworms, eczema, scabies and itchiness.
• Mouthwash in stomatitis
Internal uses:
Expectorant for bronchitis and dyspnoea
• Alleviation of asthma symptom.
• Used as diuretic and purgative
• For cough & fever
• As a laxative to expel intestinal parasites and other stomach problems
PREPARATION:
• For external use, pound the leaves of the Acapulco plant, squeeze the juice
and apply on affected areas
• As the expectorant for bronchitis and dyspnoea, drink decoction (soak and
boil for 10 to 15 minutes) of Acapulco leaves. The same preparation may be
used as a mouthwash, stringent, and wash for eczema.
• As laxative, cut the plant parts (roots, flowers, and the leaves) into a
manageable size then prepare a decoction Note: The decoction loses its
potency if not used for a long time. Dispose leftovers after one day.
• The pounded leaves of Acapulco have purgative functions, specifically
against ringworms.
Note: A strong decoction of Acapulco leaves is an abortifacient. Pregnant
women should not take decoction of the leaves or any part of this plant.
6.) OREGANO/ WILD MARJORAM

USES:
• Good for cough and cold relief
• Helps prevent degenerative arthritis
• Has Anti-aging properties
• Helps relieve rheumatism and osteoarthritis
• Bronchitis herbal remedy
• Ease asthma attacks
• Relieves upset stomach
• Treatment of urinary tract problems
• Relief for dyspepsia or indigestion
• Healing wounds, insect bites & stings
• Cure for sore throat
• Avoid infections caused by childbirth by taking decoctions of the leaves by
the recent mother.
• For general good health
• Anti-oxidant
PREPARATION:
• Boil one cup of fresh leaves in 3 cups of water for 10 to 15 minutes.
Drink half a cup 3 times a day for common colds.
• For a concentrate, juice the oregano leaves and take 1 tablespoon every
hour to relieve chronic coughs, rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, and
dyspepsia.
• For Insect bites, wounds and stings, apply the leaves as a poultice
directly on the afflicted area.
• For sore throat, boil 2 tablespoonfuls of dried oregano leaves in a pint of
water; take 2 hours before or after meals.
• To prevent degenerative arthritis & for general good health drink
oregano decoction daily.
7.) KAROT/CARROTS
USES:
• Body cleanser, and is a medication for kidney problems
• Treatment for cough and chest pains
• Anti-inflammatory and antiseptic function helps solve burns, ulcer and
infected wounds
• Astringent and antiseptic
PREPARATION:
• Boil with milk, and drink for cough
• Poultice of carrots may be applied to infected wounds and to the chest, in
case it is going to be used to aid in an individual’s chest pains
• Ground seeds of the plant may be taken as tea, in order to increase urine
flow.
8.) BANABA
USES:
• Diabetes
• Fights obesity
• Helps regulate blood pressure
• Good for the kidneys
• Aids the digestive system
• Helps ease urination
PREPARATION:
Note: Fresh leaves, dried leaves, flowers, ripe fruit, root and bark of Banaba can all
be used.
• Wash the leaves in running water (if fresh). Cut into smaller pieces if
desired.
• Boil Banaba (one cup Banaba to cup of water) for 30 minutes. Drink like
tea.
9.) TSAANG GUBAT/ WILD TEA

USES:
• Stomach pain
• Gastroenteritis
• Intestinal motility
• Dysentery
• Diarrhea or Loose Bowel Movement (LBM)
• Mouth gargle
• Body cleanser/wash
PREPARATION:
• Thoroughly wash the leaves of tsaang gubat in running water. Chop to
a desirable size and boil 1 cup of chopped leaves in 2 cups of water.
Boil in low heat for 15 to 20 minutes and drain.
• Take a cupful every 4 hours for diarrhea, gastroenteritis and stomach
pains.
• Gargle for stronger teeth and prevent cavities.
• Drink as tea daily for general good health.
10.) PANDAN TREE

USES:
• Treats leprosy, smallpox and wounds.
• Helps reduce fever
• Solves several skin problems
• Relives headache and arthritis
• Treatment for ear pains
• Functions as a laxative for children
• Eases chest pains
• Helps in speeding up the recuperation of women who have just given birth
and are still weak.
• Pandan reduces stomach spasms and strengthens the gum.
PREPARATION:
• Decoction of the bark may be taken as tea, or mixed with water that is to be
used in bathing, in order to remedy skin problems, cough, and urine-related
concerns.
• Apply pulverized roots of pandan to affected wound areas to facilitate
healing.
• The anthers of the male flowers are used for earaches, headaches and
stomach spasms.
• Chew the roots to strengthen the gum.
• Extract oils and juices from the roots and flowers are used in preparing the
decoction to relieve pains brought about by headache and arthritis.
11.) GARLIC/ BAWANG

• Good for the heart
• Helps lower bad cholesterol levels (LDL)
• Aids in lowering blood pressure
• Remedy for arteriosclerosis
• May help prevent certain types of cancer
• Boosts immune system to fight infection
• With antioxidant properties
• Cough and cold remedy
• Relives sore throat, toothache
• Aids in the treatment of tuberculosis
• Helps relieve rheumatism pain
• With anticoagulant properties
PREPARATION:
• For disinfecting wound, crush and juice the garlic bulb and apply. You may
cover the afflicted area with a gauze and bandage.
• For sore throat and toothache, peal the skin and chew. Swallow the juice.
• Cloves of garlic may be crushed and applied to affected areas to reduce the
pain caused by arthritis, toothache, headache, and rheumatism.
• Decoction of the bawang bulbs and leaves are used as treatment for fever.
• For nasal congestion, steam and inhale: vinegar, chopped garlic, and water.
12.) MALUNGGAY
USES:
• Anti-oxidant
• Anti-diabetic
• Anti-fungal
• Lower blood sugar
• Aid in pains caused by rheumatism
• Headache and migraine
• Wound cleanser
PREPARATION:
• As wound cleanser, the leaves may be crushed and applied to the
affected area directly. In all instances, cleanliness should be observed
to avoid complications.
• Cooked leaves of the malunggay plant during his last meals of the
day. This should be accompanied by water, especially when the
ailment to be addressed is constipation.
13.) PANSIT PANSITAN

USES:
• Arthritis
• Gout
• Skin boils, abscesses, pimples
• Headache
• Abdominal pains
• kidney problems
PREPARATION:
• For the herbal treatment of skin disorders like abscesses, pimples and
boils, pound the leaves and/or the stalks and make a poultice (boil in
water for a minute or two then pounded) then applied directly to the
afflicted area. Likewise a decoction can be used as a rinse to treat skin
disorders.
• For headaches, heat a couple of leaves in hot water, bruise the surface
and apply on the forehead. The decoction of leaves and stalks is also
good for abdominal pains and kidney problems.
Like any herbal medicine it is not advisable to take any other
medication in combination with any herbs. Consult with a medical
practitioner knowledgeable in herbal medicine before any treatment.
• The leaves and stalk of pansit-pansitan are edible. It can be harvested,
washed and eaten as fresh salad. Taken as a salad, pansit-pansitan
helps relive rheumatic pains and gout. An infusion or decoction (boil 1
cup of leaves/stem in 2 cups of water) can also be made and taken
orally - 1 cup in the morning and another cup in the evening.
14.) OREGANO
USES:
• Good for cough and cold relief
• Helps prevent degenerative arthritis
• Has Anti-aging properties
• Helps relieve rheumatism and osteoarthritis
• Bronchitis herbal remedy
• Ease asthma attacks
• Relieves upset stomach
• Treatment of urinary tract problems
• Relief for dyspepsia or indigestion
• Healing wounds, insect bites & stings
• Cure for sore throat
• Avoid infections caused by childbirth by taking decoctions of
the leaves by the recent mother.
• For general good health
PREPARATION:
• Boil one cup of fresh leaves in 3 cups of water for 10 to 15 minutes.
Drink half a cup 3 times a day for common colds.
• For a concentrate, juice the oregano leaves and take 1 tablespoon
every hour to relieve chronic coughs, rheumatism, bronchitis,
asthma, and dyspepsia.
• For Insect bites, wounds and stings, apply the leaves as a poultice
directly on the afflicted area.
• For sore throat, boil 2 tablespoonfuls of dried oregano leaves in a
pint of water, take 2 hours before or after meals.
• To prevent degenerative arthritis & for general good health drink
oregano decoction daily.
15.) BANABA
USES:
• Diabetes
• Fights obesity
• Helps regulate blood pressure
• Good for the kidneys
• Aids the digestive system
• Helps ease urination
PREPARATION:
• Wash the leaves in running water (if fresh). Cut into smaller pieces if
desired.
• Boil Banaba (one cup Banaba to cup of water) for 30 minutes. Drink like
tea.
Note: Fresh leaves, dried leaves, flowers, ripe fruit, root and bark of Banaba can all
be used.
CHAPTER VII
APPENDICES
January 04, 2011

Barangay Chairman,
Barangay Talipapa, Caloocan City
Dear Ma’am,
Good day!
Our Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Fourth year students would like to
request a copy of the following for our computation of Family Data Base;
1. Barangay Profile
2. History of the Barangay
3. List of Barangay, Municipal, SK officials
4. List of NGO’s present in the barangay
5. Barangay Vicinity Map
6. List of Community Projects for 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010
7. Committee on infrastructure reports and ordinance of Barangay Talipapa,
Caloocan city.
We are hoping for your kind consideration.
Respectfully Yours,
ARLENE M. PACHECO
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
ST.JAMES COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY
January 13, 2011

Barangay Chairman
Dear Ma’am,
The Bachelor of Science in Nursing Fourth year students of St. James College of Quezon
City. Who conducted survey last November 8-10, 2010 would like to present to you the
outcome of their activities.
The following were the community problems identified in Barangay 164 Talipapa,
Caloocan City
4) Fire hazard
5) Inadequate environmental sanitation
6) Presence of health hazard
Specific Health Problems identified:

4) Dengue
5) Cough and colds
6) Tuberculosis
With these identified problems, we came up with fire hazard as our top priority.
This problem is not an easy problem to answer by this time, because of the
inadequate knowledge of the community on how to prevent this problem. We believe
as nurses or health providers that we need to educate and raise Barangay 164
Talipapa’s awareness on matters affecting health and life, emergency measures on
health hazards, and waste management.
Our focus of action will be on the first 4 community problems and on the first 3
health illness problems. However, the time frame of the community practice is too
limited that we cannot facilitate the progress of our program. To this, we will
perform everyday blood pressure taking up to December 6, 2010 and education
about all of the existing problems as we can. With this action, knowing we cannot
assure continuity and stability of the progress, we humbly suggest and recommend
to your good office that the program started by the group will be adopted by the
Barangay and the next Nursing students of St. James College of Quezon City.
We will be glad for the action of your office with this regard.
Thank you and God bless!
Truly yours,
ARLENE M. PACHECO
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
ST. JAMES COLLEGE OF NURSING
Barangay Talipapa, Caloocan City
Dear Ma’am,
We, the fourth year students of St. James College of Quezon City,
College of Nursing are pleased to invite you to attend our Socialization Day
on December 14, 2010 at Barangay 164 GSIS Village, 8-5 pm and our Final
Evaluation on December 15, 2010 at St. James College of Quezon City, 8-
5pm.
Your presence will be greatly appreciated
Thank you very much and God Bless!
Respectfully Yours,
Ms. Lea A. Mari

BSN-IV, GROUP LEADER
Noted by:
Mrs. Arlene M. Pacheco, RN., MAN

Faculty, College of Nursing
QUESTIONNAIRES
COMMUNITY HEALTH SURVEY
URBAN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
I. FAMILY DATA
A. HEAD OF THE FAMILY _______________________ AGE:____ BP:___
B. NAME OF SPOUSE __________________________ AGE:_____ BP:__
C. ADDRESS________________________________ TEL NO.:________
D. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
HUSBAND__________
WIFE_____________
E. LENGTH OF RESIDENCY_____
F. FAMILY
NUCLEAR ( ) EXTENDED ( )
G. RELIGION__________
H. NO. OF CHILDREN_______
NAME AGE SEX STATUS EDUCATION OCCUPATION BLOOD
PRESSURE
II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA
A. SOURCE OF INCOME
OCCUPATION
HUSBAND____________
EMPLOYED ( ) UNEMPLOYED ( ) SELF-EMPLOYED ( )

MONTHLY INCOME
BELOW 1000 ( ) 2,000-3,000 ( )
3,000-4,000 ( ) 2,000-3,000 ( )
MORE THAN 5,000 ( )
WIFE ___________
EMPLOYED ( ) UNEMPLUED ( ) SELF-EMPLOYED ( )
MONTHLY INCOME
BELOW 1000 ( )
3,000- 4,000 ( ) 2,000-3,000 ( )
3,000-4,000 ( ) MORE THAN 5,000 ( )
B. DAILY EXPENDITURE
1. FOOD
BELLOW P20 ( ) P30-50 ( ) MORE THAN 50 ( )
2. CLOTHING: NO. OF TIMES BUYING
ONCE A YEAR ( ) TWICE ( ) THRICE ( )
3. HOUSING:
WATER ( ) ELECTRICITY ( ) TELEPHONE ( )

4. SCHOOLING:
PUBLIC ( ) PRIVATE ( )
5. OTHERS:____________
III. HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION:
A. TYPE OF HOUSING
CONCREATE ( ) WOOD ( ) MIXED ( )
MAKESHIFT ( ) OTHER SPECIFICATION ( )
VENTILATION
POOR ( ) GOOD ( )
LIGHTING
ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQUATE ( )
SURROUNDINGS
CLEAN ( ) DIRTY ( )
B. SOURCE OF WATER
DEEP WELL ( ) NAWASA ( ) OTHERS SPECIFY: _______
C. STORAGE DRINGKING WATER
REFRIGERATED ( ) COVERED ( ) UNCOVERED ( )
CONTAINERS USED:
PLASTIC ( ) JARS ( ) BOTTLES ( )
OTHERS SPECIFY: _______

D. TOILET FACILITIES:
SANITARY:
FLUSH ( ) PRIVATE PIT ( ) OWNED ( )
SHARED ( ) OTHERS SPECIFY: ______
UNSANITARY:
“BALOT” SYSTEM ( ) OTHERS: ______
E. GARBAGE DISPOSAL:
COLLECTION ( ) BURNING ( ) BURYING ( )
OPEN DUMPING ( ) GARBAGE CANS ( ) OTHERS: _________
F. TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM:
CLOSED ( ) OPEN ( )
G. FOOD STORAGE:
COVERED ( ) UNCOVERED ( ) REFRIGERATED ( )
H. PRESENCE OF ANIMALS:
DOGS ( ) CATS ( ) PIGS ( )
I. BACKYARD GARDENING:
VEGETABLES ( ) HERBAL ( ) FRUIT BEARING ( )

OTHERS: _______
IV. COMMUNITY RESOURCES
HEALTH CENTER ( ) BARANGAY HALL ( ) SCHOOL ( )
CHURCH ( ) PARK ( ) MARKET ( )
A. INDIGENOUS HEALTH WORKERS:
TRAINED “HILOT“ ( ) BHW ( ) HERBULARYO ( )

UNTRAINED “HILOT ( )
V. NUTRITION:
A. FOOD PREFERENCE:
FISH ( ) VEGETABLE ( ) MEAT ( ) MIXED ( )
B. PRESENCE OF NUTRITIONAL DISORDER:
1. GOITER
ENLARGEMENT OF THE NECK ( ) DYSPHAGIA ( )

HOARSENESS ( )
2. ANEMIA
PALLOR ( ) FATIGABILITY ( ) BODY WEAKNESS ( )
3. VITAMIN DEFFICIENCY:
NIGHT BLINDNESS ( ) “PILAK SA MATA “ ( ) OTHERS ( )
VI. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE , AND PRACTICE
A. DO YOU UTILIZE THE HEALTH CENTER YES ( ) NO ( )
IF NOT, WHY? ____________________
B. REASON:
ILLNESS ( ) PRENATAL ( ) FAMILY PLANNING ( )
POSTNATAL ( ) DENTAL ( ) NUTRITION ( ) OTHERS:

________
C. FIRST PERSON CONSULTED IN TIMES OF ILLNESS:
M.D. ( ) NURSE ( ) MIDWIFE ( ) “HILOT“ ( )
HERBULARYO ( ) BHW ( )
D. USUAL ILLNESS IN THE FAMILY: ( LAST 6 MONTHS)
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
WHAT DO YOU USUALLY DO FOR THIS CONDITION?
SELF-MEDICATION ( ) CONSULTATION ( ) OTHERS:_____

PRIVATE CLINICS ( ) HOSPITAL ( )
E. OTHER DISEASES:
TB ( ) LEPROSY ( ) SKIN DISEASE ( ) HEPATITIS ( )
F. DO YOU PRACTICE FAMILY PLANNING? YES ( ) NO ( )
METHOD: ___________
IF NO, WHY? ______________
G. METHOD OF INFANT FEEDING:
BREAST ( ) BOTTLE ( ) MIXED ( )
H. SUBJECTS YOU WANT LO LEARN IN HEALTH EDUCATION:
DRUG ABUSE ( ) NUTRITION ( ) FAMILY PLANNING ( )
HERBAL PLANTS ( ) FIRST-AID MEASURE ( )
OTHERS: ____________
I. REASON FOR SCHOOL DROPOUTS:
______________
______________
______________
VII. AWARENESS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION

A. ARE YOU AWARE OF ANY EXISTING ORGANIZATION IN THE
COMMUNITY?
AWARE ( ) UNAWARE ( )
B. EXISTING ORGANIZATION IN THE COMMUNITY
1.
2.
3.
C. ARE YOU A MEMBER OF ANY OF THESE ORGANIZATIONS?
MEMBER ( ) NONMEMBER ( )
D. ARE YOU AWARE OF ITS ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS
AWARE ( ) UNAWARE ( )
E. HOW ARE YOU INVOLVED IN ITS ACTIVITIES
1. ATTEND MEETINGS
2. PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING
3. PARTICIPATES IN IMPLEMENTATION
4. DONATIONS
5. CONDUCTS EVALUATION
6. NOT INVOLVED AT ALL
VIII. ENVIRONMENT:
A. IS THE LIVING SPACE ADEQUATE?
ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQATE ( )
B. HAVE YOU HAD ADEQUATE
1.1 REST AND SLEEP ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQUATE ( )
1.2 EXERCISE ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQUATE ( )
1.3 RELAXATION AND ACTIVITIES ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQUATE ( )
1.4 STRESS MANAGEMENT ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQUATE ( )
C. PRESENCE OF ACCIDENT HAZARDS?
D. COMMON HOUSEHOLD PESTS FOUND AT THE HOUSE.
E. ARE THERE BREEDING SITES OF INSECTS/RODENTS PRESENT?
F. PETS/ANIMALS KEPT IN THE YARD OR HOME
G. IMMUNIZATION:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS:
• DIZON, ELIZA V. Community Health Nursing in the Philippines, Quezon

City Health Dept., Published by MERVIN SCHOOL and
Supplement Corp. 1999
• NISCE, ZENAIDA P. Community Health Nursing Services in the
Philippines, CHN-NLGJ, 9th edition 1999-2000
st
• UNTALAN, AARON C. Y. RN Concepts, and Guideline in COPAR, 1
edition 2
•
RESEARCHES:
• BSN IV BATCH 2008 COPAR RESEARCH

• BSN IV BATCH 2009 COPAR RESEARCH
INTERNET:
• http://www.bing.com/search?
q=environment+on+nightingale&x=125&y=12&mkt=en-
ph&qs=n&sk=&first=41&FORM=PORE
• http://www.philippineherbalmedicine.org/
• http://dolecsr.com/InTheCommunity/CaseStudies/EmployeePrograms/TBDo
tsProgram/tabid/453/Default.aspx
• http://www.tbdots.com/site/en/patient_section.html

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“When I think about all the patients and their loved ones that I

~Donna Wilk Cardillo,

Thank you Lord, for helping me through

Thank you for placing in my heart

Guard my thoughts and my tongue,

May nursing never be just a job that I do,

And through it all, may I learn and grow,

Lord, please keep me from all harm

2) Inadequate environmental sanitation

3) Presence of health hazard

Specific Health Problems identified:

2) Cough and colds

ST. JAMES COLLEGE OF NURSING

To Mrs. Elizabeth Maliwat, Barangay Chairwoman, who welcomed and

To Genelle Pablico, Barangay Secretary, for accepting and

To the 100 family respondents for being so cooperative and honest in

To Mrs. Nelia D. Ayson, Dean College of Nursing.

To our Community instructor, MRS. ARLENE M. PACHECO, for

Assessment of the community was conducted to acquire general

CHAPTER I – IDENTIFYING KEY COMMUNITY OFFICIALS

Mission and Vision---------------------------------------------------------

3 - G.S.I.S Hills Homeowners’ Subdivision Officials---------- 19

Mission and Vision---------------------------------------------------------

4 - Talipapa Health Center Staff----------------------------------------

Mission and Vision--------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER II – COMMUNITY ASSESSTMENT

CHAPTER III – SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Facts and Figures of Barangay Talipapa 164,

TABLE 1. Family Structures----------------------------------- 26

3. Head of the Family---------------------------------- 28

4. Types of Family Structure---------------------- 29

5. Origin of the Family------------------------------- 30

10. Type of Housing------------------------------------ 35

26. 1st Person Consulted

2. List of Community Problems according to priority

3. Preparing of Community Health Action Plan

4. Working – out details of the plan together with

CHAPTER VI – HEALTH TEACHINGS AND LEARNINGS

CHAPTER VII – APPENDICES------------------------------------------------------

Community is somehow divided into different sectors, like political sector in

Community Health Nursing is defined by different personalities in the field

COPAR (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research) is a social

· Consciousness through experimental learning central to the COPAR process

· COPAR is participatory and mass-based because it is primarily directed towards

· COPAR is group-centered and not leader-oriented. Leaders are identified, emerge

PHASES OF THE COPAR PROCESS

II. Entry phase

III. Organizations building phase

IV. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase

Strategies used may include:

1. Leaving the immersion site

Nightingale's Environmental Theory

Environmental factors affecting health

Major Concepts and Definitions

5 essential components of healthy environment:

Concerns of Environmental Theory

Nursing Practice is the application of common sense, observation, perseverance

Sanitation means the manipulation of the environment to prevent diseases.

Nursing is the commitment to the nursing works.

Professional relationships, principles of confidentiality and care for the poor to

Importance of Environmental Theory

Evaluation of the Environmental Theory

Derivable Consequences: Measures of independence and accuracy of care. Nurse-

• Function of professional nurse: “To interpret information in nursing process