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Bachelor of Engineering
( Electronics Engineering )
Submitted by
Prof. S. M. Labde
(University of Mumbai)
OCT– 2010
“Prepaid Energy Meter”
Bachelor of Engineering
( Electronics Engineering )
Bachelor of Engineering
( Electronics Engineering )
by
Prof. S. M. Labde
(University of Mumbai)
OCT – 2010
RAMRAO ADIK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NERUL, NAVI MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Prof. S. M. Labde
Project Guide
Examiner : 1.
2.
CERTIFICATE
Mr./Ms. ……name1……,
Mr./Ms. ……name2……
Mr./Ms. ……name3……
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Literature survey 1
1.2 Study and analysis 1
2 PROPOSAL
2.1 Proposed Work 3
2.2 Proposed Methodology 3
2.3 System Requirements 3
4. DESIGN OF SYSTEM
4.1 Working Principle 10
4.2 Advantages 10
4.3 Disadvantages 11
4.4 Applications 11
5. MARKET STUDY
5.1 Market Drivers 14
5.2 Market Restraints 14
6 CONCLUSION 16
REFERENCES 17
Acknowledgement
We owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported us during
the writing of this report
Our deepest thanks to Prof M Labde the Guide of the project for guiding and correcting
various documents of ours with attention and care. He has taken pain to go through the
project and make necessary correction as and when needed.
We express our gratitude to our head of the Department Prof. M. D. Patil for his
invaluable support and encouragement at every stage.
Our deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Rakesh Verma (Director), Veritek Engineering Pvt.
Ltd, support and guidance. Thanks and appreciation to the helpful people at Veritek
Engineering Pvt. Ltd., for their support.
We also express our thanks to the Principal Dr.S.R. Devane, Ramrao Adik Institute of
Technology, Nerul, for his constant support and encouragement.
We would also thank our Institution and the faculty members without whom this project
would have been a distant reality
Abstract
A scheme of Electricity billing system called PREPAID ENERGY METER WITH
TARIFF INDICATOR can facilitate in improved cash flow management in energy
utilities and can reduces problem associated with billing consumer living in isolated area
and reduces deployment of manpower for taking meter readings.
Every consumer can buy a memory card (is nothing but an EEPROM IC) with a
password stored inside it using a MC program. The memory card is available at various
ranges (i.e. Rs 50, Rs 100, Rs 200 etc).In our project we have given the name for memory
card as smart card.
When the consumer insert a smart card into the card reader which is connected in prepaid
energy meter with tariff indicator kit. The card reader will read the stored information
and delete the information from the EEPROM IC(smart card) using the MC program. So
that the smart card cannot be reused by others. Suppose if a consumer buys a card for
Rs.50/- so on. He / She can insert this amount through the card reader so that prepaid
energy meter with tariff indicator kit will be activated. According to the power
consumption the amount will be reduced. When the amount is over, the relays will
automatically shutdown the whole system. In our project we also have a provision to give
an alarm sound to consumer before the whole amount is reduced.
List of Figures:
Title Page no.
Fig (3.1.1) Block Diagram of Prepaid Energy Meter 9
Fig (3.1.2) Circuit Diagram of Prepaid energy meter 10
Fig (3.2.1.1) LCD Display 11
Fig (3.2.1.2) LDR 11
Fig (3.2.1.3) Voltage Regulator 11
Fig (3.2.1.4) Power Relays 12
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Literature Survey:
Over 40 countries have implemented prepaid meters in their markets. In United Kingdom
the system, has been in use for well over 70 years with about 3.5 million consumers. The
prepaid program in South Africa was started in 1992, since then they have installed over
6 million meters. Other African counties such as Sudan, Madagascar are following the
South African success. The concept has found ground in Argentina and New Zealand
with few thousands of installations.
The Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB), Malaysia, has awarded a contract to a local
manufacturer to supply 1,080 prepaid meters.
Countries such as Thailand, Bangladesh, Singapore, and Iran have been showing
increased interest in adopting prepaid system.
In India, the State of West Bengal has decided to introduce the smart card operated
prepaid energy meters in remote islands of Sunderbans. In Mumbai, pre-paid power is
provided by the Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport (BEST) Undertaking.
Tata Power plans to introduce pre-paid electricity in Delhi. Tata Steel is likely to install
prepaid electricity meters at its employee township in Jamshedpur.
2. Proposal
2.1 Proposed work:
At first an energy meter is to be made. The output of the energy meter works as the
input to the next circuit for prepaid services. The prepaid circuit consist of a
Microcontroller and a memory reading circuit.The memory reading circuit is for putting
in the credit.
The microcontroller will act as the brain of the circuit.It will constantly check the credit
and accordingly provie the power
Microcontroller AT89S52:
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K
bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using
Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the
industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.
Features:
1) 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
2) Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
3) 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
4) 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
5) 32 Programmable I/O Lines
6) Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
7) Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
Features:
Internally Organized 256 x 8 (2K), 512 x 8 (4K) or 1024 x 8 (8K)
2-Wire Serial Interface (I2C protocol)
High Reliability
Features:
500mA rated collector current (Single output)
High-voltage outputs: 50V
Inputs compatible with various types of logic.
Relay driver application
Kiel u-Vision:
Keil Software is used provide you with software development tools for 8051 based
microcontrollers. With the Keil tools, you can generate embedded applications for
virtually every 8051 derivative. The supported microcontrollers are listed in the µ-vision.
(Fig 2.1) LCD Display
3.3 Disadvantages:
1.) The main disadvantage of the system is, because of huge electronic hardware involved
in the system, the overall system consumes more electric energy
Remedy: When the system is converted into engineering module, the bulky hardware
can be converted into a small-integrated chip. When the hardware is minimized naturally
the system consumes less power.
2.) Since it is a prototype module, because of huge hardware the system occupies more
space
3.) The consumer or the electrical department has to spend more amounts for installing
this kind of smart energy meters. Economically it is not advised.
3.4 Applications:
1.) In Homes
2.) In Festivals where electricity is required just for a few days.
3.) Rental accommodation
4.) Industries and Factories
5.) In Malls
Energy Meter Digital Display
Microcontroller Unit
Smart Card
Buzzer
Read/Write
Power Supply